1
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Zhao S, Xiong Y, Sunnapu R, Zhang Y, Tian X, Ai HW. Bioluminescence Imaging of Potassium Ion Using a Sensory Luciferin and an Engineered Luciferase. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13406-13416. [PMID: 38698549 PMCID: PMC11100015 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Bioluminescent indicators are power tools for studying dynamic biological processes. In this study, we present the generation of novel bioluminescent indicators by modifying the luciferin molecule with an analyte-binding moiety. Specifically, we have successfully developed the first bioluminescent indicator for potassium ions (K+), which are critical electrolytes in biological systems. Our approach involved the design and synthesis of a K+-binding luciferin named potassiorin. Additionally, we engineered a luciferase enzyme called BRIPO (bioluminescent red indicator for potassium) to work synergistically with potassiorin, resulting in optimized K+-dependent bioluminescence responses. Through extensive validation in cell lines, primary neurons, and live mice, we demonstrated the efficacy of this new tool for detecting K+. Our research demonstrates an innovative concept of incorporating sensory moieties into luciferins to modulate luciferase activity. This approach has great potential for developing a wide range of bioluminescent indicators, advancing bioluminescence imaging (BLI), and enabling the study of various analytes in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Zhao
- Department
of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
- Center
for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University
of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department
of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
- Center
for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University
of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Ranganayakulu Sunnapu
- Department
of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
- Center
for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University
of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Yiyu Zhang
- Department
of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
- Center
for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University
of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Xiaodong Tian
- Department
of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
- Center
for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University
of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Hui-wang Ai
- Department
of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
- Center
for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University
of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
- The
UVA Comprehensive Cancer Center, University
of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
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2
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Zhao S, Xiong Y, Sunnapu R, Zhang Y, Tian X, Ai HW. Bioluminescence Imaging of Potassium Ion Using a Sensory Luciferin and an Engineered Luciferase. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.13.581057. [PMID: 38559024 PMCID: PMC10980066 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.13.581057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Bioluminescent indicators are power tools for studying dynamic biological processes. In this study, we present the generation of novel bioluminescent indicators by modifying the luciferin molecule with an analyte-binding moiety. Specifically, we have successfully developed the first bioluminescent indicator for potassium ions (K+), which are critical electrolytes in biological systems. Our approach involved the design and synthesis of a K+-binding luciferin named potassiorin. Additionally, we engineered a luciferase enzyme called BRIPO (bioluminescent red indicator for potassium) to work synergistically with potassiorin, resulting in optimized K+-dependent bioluminescence responses. Through extensive validation in cell lines, primary neurons, and live mice, we demonstrated the efficacy of this new tool for detecting K+. Our research demonstrates an innovative concept of incorporating sensory moieties into luciferins to modulate luciferase activity. This approach has great potential for developing a wide range of bioluminescent indicators, advancing bioluminescence imaging (BLI), and enabling the study of various analytes in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Zhao
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Ranganayakulu Sunnapu
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Yiyu Zhang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Xiaodong Tian
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Hui-Wang Ai
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
- The UVA Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
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3
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Kumar GD, Banasiewicz M, Wrzosek A, Kampa RP, Bousquet MHE, Kusy D, Jacquemin D, Szewczyk A, Gryko DT. Probing the flux of mitochondrial potassium using an azacrown-diketopyrrolopyrrole based highly sensitive probe. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4500-4503. [PMID: 35302138 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00324d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The diketopyrrolopyrrole bearing an aza-18-crown-6 as a binding unit as well as a PPh3+ group is highly sensitive towards K+ and localizes selectively in mitochondria of cardiac H9C2 cells. Fast efflux/influx of mitochondrial K+ can be observed upon stimulation with nigericin.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dinesh Kumar
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marzena Banasiewicz
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Antoni Wrzosek
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Rafal P Kampa
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | - Damian Kusy
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- University of Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR-6230, F-4400 Nantes, France.
| | - Adam Szewczyk
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
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4
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Kise K, Lee YJ, Tanaka T, Kim D, Osuka A. Axially‐ and
Meso
‐Substituted Aza‐Crown‐Ether‐Incorporated B
III
Subporphyrins: Control of Electron‐Donating Ability by Metal Ion Chelation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koki Kise
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Kyoto, Sakyo-ku 606-8502 Japan
| | - Yu Jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory of Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu Seoul 03722 Korea
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Kyoto, Sakyo-ku 606-8502 Japan
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory of Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu Seoul 03722 Korea
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Kyoto, Sakyo-ku 606-8502 Japan
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5
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Kumar GD, Banasiewicz M, Jacquemin D, Gryko DT. Switch-On Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Chemosensors for Cations Possessing Lewis Acid Character. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:355-362. [PMID: 33434391 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
For the first time diketopyrrolopyrroles (DPPs) have been synthesized directly from nitriles possessing (aza)crown ethers leading to macrocycle-dye hybrids. Depending on the nature of the linkage between DPP and macrocyclic ring, various coordination effects are found. The strong interaction of the cations possessing Lewis acid character such as Li+ , Mg2+ and Zn2+ with 2-aminopyridin-4-yl-DPPs, leading to a bathochromic shift of both emission and absorption, as well as to strong enhancement of fluorescence was rationalized in terms of strong binding of these cations to the N=C-NR2 functionality. The same effect has been observed for protonation. Depending on the size and the structure of the macrocyclic ring the complexation of cations by aza-crown ethers plays an important but secondary role. The interaction of Na+ and K+ with 2-aminopyridin-4-yl-DPPs leads to moderate enhancement of fluorescence due to the aza-crown ethers binding. The very weak fluorescence of DPP bearing 2-dialkylamino-pyridine-4-yl substituents is due to the closely lying T2 state and the resulting intersystem crossing.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dinesh Kumar
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marzena Banasiewicz
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- CEISAM UMR 6230, CNRS, Université de Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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6
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Schwarze T, Sprenger T, Riemer J. 1,2,3‐Triazol‐1,4‐diyl‐Fluoroionophores for Zn 2+, Mg 2+and Ca 2+based on Fluorescence Intensity Enhancements in Water. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schwarze
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie Universität Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25 14476 Golm Germany
| | - Tobias Sprenger
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie Universität Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25 14476 Golm Germany
| | - Janine Riemer
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie Universität Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25 14476 Golm Germany
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7
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Surendra Reddy G, Anebouselvy K, Ramachary DB. [3+2]‐Cycloaddition for Fully Decorated Vinyl‐1,2,3‐Triazoles: Design, Synthesis and Applications. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:2960-2983. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Surendra Reddy
- Catalysis Laboratory School of Chemistry University of Hyderabad Hyderabad 500 046 India
| | - K. Anebouselvy
- Catalysis Laboratory School of Chemistry University of Hyderabad Hyderabad 500 046 India
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8
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Surendra Reddy G, Suresh Kumar A, Ramachary DB. Organocatalytic enone-azide [3 + 2]-cycloaddition: synthesis of functionally rich C/N-double vinyl 1,2,3-triazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:4470-4478. [PMID: 32490474 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00848f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
An enolate-mediated organocatalytic [3 + 2]-cycloaddition of enones with less reactive vinyl/alkyl/aryl azides is reported at room temperature for short reaction times. The metal-free amine-mediated catalytic conditions of this [3 + 2]-cycloaddition allowed us to synthesize a collection of C/N-double vinyl-1,2,3-triazoles and C-vinyl-1,2,3-triazoles through functionalized enones as quality azidophiles with various azides. It is an efficient catalytic [3 + 2]-cycloaddition for the synthesis of biologically important fully decorated C/N-double vinyl-1,2,3-triazoles with excellent outcomes with reference to the reaction rate, selectivity, operation simplicity, substrate scope, yields, and synthetic applications as demonstrated in the paper. Herein, we illustrated the importance of enolate reactivity with azides compared to enamines by correlation with previous enamine-mediated click reactions in the reaction mechanism section.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Surendra Reddy
- Catalysis Laboratory, School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500 046, India.
| | - A Suresh Kumar
- Catalysis Laboratory, School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500 046, India.
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9
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Zhang Q, Ma R, Li Z, Liu Z. A multi-responsive crown ether-based colorimetric/fluorescent chemosensor for highly selective detection of Al 3+, Cu 2+ and Mg 2. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 228:117857. [PMID: 31784224 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel multi-response chemosensor L based on coumarin-chalcone-crown ether was designed and synthesized, which exhibited a high selectivity for the colorimetric detecting Al3+ and Cu2+ and fluorescent recognizing Al3+ and Mg2+ in ethanol. L can monitor Al3+ and Cu2+ via distinct color changes from a slight yellow to pink and to orange, respectively. The sensor L can also monitor Al3+ and Mg2+ by fluorescence emission responses at 592 nm and 547 nm with low detection limits of 0.31 μM and 0.23 μM, respectively. The selectivity of L toward Al3+, Cu2+ and Mg2+ was not interfered by a large number of coexisting ions and was found to be reversible. By means of spectrometric titration, Job's plot, mass spectrometry, 1H NMR titration and IR spectroscopy analysis, it was unanimously confirmed that the sensor L had a stoichiometric ratio of 1:1 with Cu2+ and Mg2+, and 1:2 with Al3+. The order of the stability of the complexes formed by L and Al3+, Cu2+, Mg2+ was as follows: L-Al3+ > L-Cu2+ > L-Mg2+. At the same time, some possible bonding modes and sensing mechanisms were further proposed, and the optimized structure of the sensor L and its sensing mechanism for Al3+, Cu2+ and Mg2+ were confirmed by the calculations of DFT/B3LYP and TD-DFT methods in a suite of Gaussian 09 programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- College of Chemical and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, PR China.
| | - Ruifang Ma
- College of Chemical and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, PR China
| | - Zhuying Li
- College of Chemical and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, PR China
| | - Zizhong Liu
- College of Chemical and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, PR China
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10
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Schwarze T, Riemer J, Müller H, John L, Holdt H, Wessig P. Na + Selective Fluorescent Tools Based on Fluorescence Intensity Enhancements, Lifetime Changes, and on a Ratiometric Response. Chemistry 2019; 25:12412-12422. [PMID: 31271482 PMCID: PMC6790620 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Over the years, we developed highly selective fluorescent probes for K+ in water, which show K+ -induced fluorescence intensity enhancements, lifetime changes, or a ratiometric behavior at two emission wavelengths (cf. Scheme 1, K1-K4). In this paper, we introduce selective fluorescent probes for Na+ in water, which also show Na+ induced signal changes, which are analyzed by diverse fluorescence techniques. Initially, we synthesized the fluorescent probes 2, 4, 5, 6 and 10 for a fluorescence analysis by intensity enhancements at one wavelength by varying the Na+ responsive ionophore unit and the fluorophore moiety to adjust different Kd values for an intra- or extracellular Na+ analysis. Thus, we found that 2, 4 and 5 are Na+ selective fluorescent tools, which are able to measure physiologically important Na+ levels at wavelengths higher than 500 nm. Secondly, we developed the fluorescent probes 7 and 8 to analyze precise Na+ levels by fluorescence lifetime changes. Herein, only 8 (Kd =106 mm) is a capable fluorescent tool to measure Na+ levels in blood samples by lifetime changes. Finally, the fluorescent probe 9 was designed to show a Na+ induced ratiometric fluorescence behavior at two emission wavelengths. As desired, 9 (Kd =78 mm) showed a ratiometric fluorescence response towards Na+ ions and is a suitable tool to measure physiologically relevant Na+ levels by the intensity change of two emission wavelengths at 404 nm and 492 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schwarze
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische ChemieUniversität PotsdamKarl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–2514476GolmGermany
| | - Janine Riemer
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische ChemieUniversität PotsdamKarl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–2514476GolmGermany
| | - Holger Müller
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische ChemieUniversität PotsdamKarl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–2514476GolmGermany
| | - Leonard John
- Institut für ChemieBioorganische ChemieUniversität PotsdamKarl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–2514476GolmGermany
| | - Hans‐Jürgen Holdt
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische ChemieUniversität PotsdamKarl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–2514476GolmGermany
| | - Pablo Wessig
- Institut für ChemieBioorganische ChemieUniversität PotsdamKarl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–2514476GolmGermany
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11
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Surendra Reddy G, Ramachary DB. Reaction engineering and photophysical studies of fully enriched C-vinyl-1,2,3-triazoles. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00864k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A library of fluorogenic C-vinyl-1,2,3-triazoles were synthesized in very good yields with excellent selectivity by using an organocatalytic formal [3 + 2]-cycloaddition. One of the coumarin-triazoles 4ba has shown excellent fluorescence properties (λem = 533 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Surendra Reddy
- Catalysis Laboratory
- School of Chemistry
- University of Hyderabad
- Hyderabad-500 046
- India
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12
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Schwarze T, Riemer J, Holdt HJ. A Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for K + in Water Based on a Phenylaza-18-Crown-6 Lariat Ether. Chemistry 2018; 24:10116-10121. [PMID: 29863303 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This work presents two molecular fluorescent probes 1 and 2 for the selective determination of physiologically relevant K+ levels in water based on a highly K+ /Na+ selective building block, the o-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenylaza-18-crown-6 lariat ether unit. Fluorescent probe 1 showed a high K+ -induced fluorescence enhancement (FE) by a factor of 7.7 of the anthracenic emission and a dissociation constant (Kd ) value of 38 mm in water. Further, for 2+K+ , we observed a dual emission behavior at 405 and 505 nm. K+ increases the fluorescence intensity of 2 at 405 nm by a factor of approximately 4.6 and K+ decreases the fluorescence intensity at 505 nm by a factor of about 4.8. Fluorescent probe 2+K+ exhibited a Kd value of approximately 8 mm in Na+ -free solutions and in combined K+ /Na+ solution a similar Kd value of about 9 mm was found, reflecting the high K+ /Na+ selectivity of 2 in water. Therefore, 2 is a promising fluorescent tool to measure ratiometrically and selectively physiologically relevant K+ levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schwarze
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Golm, Germany
| | - Janine Riemer
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Golm, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Holdt
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Golm, Germany
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13
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Schwarze T, Mertens M, Müller P, Riemer J, Wessig P, Holdt HJ. Highly K + -Selective Fluorescent Probes for Lifetime Sensing of K + in Living Cells. Chemistry 2017; 23:17186-17190. [PMID: 28895214 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The new K+ -selective fluorescent probes 1 and 2 were obtained by CuI -catalyzed 1,3-dipolar azide alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reactions of an alkyne-substituted [1,3]dioxolo[4,5-f][1,3]benzodioxole (DBD) ester fluorophore with azido-functionalized N-phenylaza-18-crown-6 ether and N-(o-isopropoxy) phenylaza-18-crown-6 ether, respectively. Probes 1 and 2 allow the detection of K+ in the presence of Na+ in water by fluorescence enhancement (2.2 for 1 at 2000 mm K+ and 2.5 for 2 at 160 mm K+ ). Fluorescence lifetime measurements in the absence and presence of K+ revealed bi-exponential decay kinetics with similar lifetimes, however with different proportions changing the averaged fluorescence decay times (τf(av) ). For 1 a decrease of τf(av) from 12.4 to 9.3 ns and for 2 an increase from 17.8 to 21.8 ns was observed. Variation of the substituent in ortho position of the aniline unit of the N-phenylaza-18-crown-6 host permits the modulation of the Kd value for a certain K+ concentration. For example, substitution of H in 1 by the isopropoxy group (2) decreased the Kd value from >300 mm to 10 mm. 2 was chosen for studying the efflux of K+ from human red blood cells (RBC). Upon addition of the Ca2+ ionophor ionomycin to a RBC suspension in a buffer containing Ca2+ , the fluorescence of 2 slightly rose within 10 min, however, after 120 min a significant increase was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schwarze
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Golm, Germany
| | - Monique Mertens
- Institut für Chemie, Bioorganische Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Golm, Germany
| | - Peter Müller
- Institut für Biologie/Molekulare Biophysik, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janine Riemer
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Golm, Germany
| | - Pablo Wessig
- Institut für Chemie, Bioorganische Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Golm, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Holdt
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Golm, Germany
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14
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Huerta-Aguilar CA, Valdivieso SN, Thangarasu P, Camacho-Olguín CA, Reyes-Dominguez IA. Surface-decorated CdS nanoparticles for the recognition of K+ in aqueous medium: DFT and antibacterial studies. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-017-3095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Schwarze T, Müller H, Schmidt D, Riemer J, Holdt HJ. Design of Na+
-Selective Fluorescent Probes: A Systematic Study of the Na+
-Complex Stability and the Na+
/K+
Selectivity in Acetonitrile and Water. Chemistry 2017; 23:7255-7263. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schwarze
- Institut für Chemie; Anorganische Chemie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Golm Germany
| | - Holger Müller
- Institut für Chemie; Anorganische Chemie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Golm Germany
| | - Darya Schmidt
- Institut für Chemie; Anorganische Chemie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Golm Germany
| | - Janine Riemer
- Institut für Chemie; Anorganische Chemie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Golm Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Holdt
- Institut für Chemie; Anorganische Chemie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Golm Germany
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16
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Li J, Yim D, Jang WD, Yoon J. Recent progress in the design and applications of fluorescence probes containing crown ethers. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:2437-2458. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00619a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Crown ethers, discovered by the winner of the Nobel Prize Charles Pedersen, are cyclic chemical compounds that consist of a ring or multiple rings containing several ether groups that are capable of binding various ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience
- Ewha Womans University
- Seoul 120-75
- Korea
| | - Dajeong Yim
- Department of Chemistry
- Yonsei university
- Seoul 03722
- Korea
| | - Woo-Dong Jang
- Department of Chemistry
- Yonsei university
- Seoul 03722
- Korea
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience
- Ewha Womans University
- Seoul 120-75
- Korea
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17
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Zhang M, Yang Y, Liu L, Chang W, Li J. Pseudo-Cryptand-Containing Copolymers: Cyclopolymerization and Biocompatible Water-Soluble Al3+ Fluorescent Sensor in Vitro. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jing Li
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, China
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18
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Schwarze T, Schneider R, Riemer J, Holdt HJ. A Highly K+-Selective Fluorescent Probe - Tuning the K+-Complex Stability and the K+/Na+Selectivity by Varying the Lariat-Alkoxy Unit of a Phenylaza[18]crown-6 Ionophore. Chem Asian J 2015; 11:241-7. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201500956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schwarze
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Golm Germany
| | - Radu Schneider
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Golm Germany
| | - Janine Riemer
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Golm Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Holdt
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Golm Germany
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19
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Kandasamy K, Ganesabaskaran S, Pachamuthu MP, Ramanathan A. A novel pyrazole biscoumarin based chemosensors for the selective detection of Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) ions. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 148:184-188. [PMID: 25879988 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel chemosensor based on pyrazole biscoumarin molecule "4-hydroxy-3-((4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-2H-chromen-2-one" (PBC) was synthesized by a simple method. The chemosensing properties of PBC towards transition metal ions like Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) by naked eye, UV-Visible and fluorescence spectroscopic methods were described. The PBC solution with Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) ion showed brown and blue colour respectively. The UV-Visible spectra of PBC with Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) ions exposed their corresponding absorption maxima. Further, the Job's plot method confirmed the 1:1 and 2:1 stoichiometry of the complex formation between the PBC with Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) ions respectively. The fluorescence enhancement of PBC on binding with Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) is due to the inhibition of photo induced electron transfer mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Kandasamy
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Engineering Tindivanam (a Constituent College of Anna University Chennai), Melpakkam 604001, India
| | - Sivaprasad Ganesabaskaran
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Engineering Tindivanam (a Constituent College of Anna University Chennai), Melpakkam 604001, India.
| | - Muthusamy Poomalai Pachamuthu
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Engineering Tindivanam (a Constituent College of Anna University Chennai), Melpakkam 604001, India; Department of Chemistry, Anna University, Chennai 600025, India
| | - Anand Ramanathan
- Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis (CEBC), The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA.
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20
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Schwarze T, Riemer J, Eidner S, Holdt H. A Highly K
+
‐Selective Two‐Photon Fluorescent Probe. Chemistry 2015; 21:11306-10. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schwarze
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl‐Liebknecht‐Str. 24–25, 14476 Golm (Germany)
| | - Janine Riemer
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl‐Liebknecht‐Str. 24–25, 14476 Golm (Germany)
| | - Sascha Eidner
- Institut für Chemie, Physikalische Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl‐Liebknecht‐Str. 24–25, 14476 Golm (Germany)
| | - Hans‐Jürgen Holdt
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl‐Liebknecht‐Str. 24–25, 14476 Golm (Germany)
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21
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Hamilton GRC, Sahoo SK, Kamila S, Singh N, Kaur N, Hyland BW, Callan JF. Optical probes for the detection of protons, and alkali and alkaline earth metal cations. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:4415-32. [PMID: 25742963 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00365a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Luminescent sensors and switches continue to play a key role in shaping our understanding of key biochemical processes, assist in the diagnosis of disease and contribute to the design of new drugs and therapies. Similarly, their contribution to the environment cannot be understated as they offer a portable means to undertake field testing for hazardous chemicals and pollutants such as heavy metals. From a physiological perspective, the Group I and II metal ions are among the most important in the periodic table with blood plasma levels of H(+), Na(+) and Ca(2+) being indicators of several possible disease states. In this review, we examine the progress that has been made in the development of luminescent probes for Group I and Group II ions as well as protons. The potential applications of these probes and the mechanism involved in controlling their luminescent response upon analyte binding will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham R C Hamilton
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA, UK.
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22
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Thipperudrappa J, Raghavendra UP, Basanagouda M. Photophysical characteristics of biologically active 4-aryloxymethyl coumarins 4PTMBC and 1IPMBC. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 136 Pt C:1475-1483. [PMID: 25459709 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The absorption and fluorescence characteristics of biologically active coumarin derivatives 4-p-tolyloxymethyl-benzo[h]coumarin (4PTMBC) and 1-(4-iodo phenoxymethyl)-benzo[f]coumarin (1IPMBC) are studied at room temperature in a series of organic solvents and 1,4-dioxane - acetonitrile solvent mixture. The effect of pure solvents on the spectral properties are analyzed using Lippert-Mataga polarity function, Reichardt's microscopic solvent polarity parameter, Kamlet's and Catalan's multiple linear regression approaches. Both general solute - solvent interactions and hydrogen bonding interactions are operative in these systems. However, the contribution of hydrogen bonding interactions is less compared to general solute-solvent interactions. The solvatochromic correlations are used to estimate excited state dipole moment using experimentally determined ground state dipole moment. The bathochromic shift of the emission spectra and the increase in excited state dipole moment indicate the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) character in the emitting singlet state. The solvation studies in 1,4-dioxane - acetonitrile solvent mixture suggest that these dyes are preferentially solvated by 1,4-dioxane.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Thipperudrappa
- Department of Physics, B.N.M. Institute of Technology, Bangalore 560 070, India.
| | - U P Raghavendra
- Department of Physics, Bangalore Institute of Technology, Bangalore 560 004, India
| | - Mahantesha Basanagouda
- P.G. Department of Studies in Chemistry, K.L.E. Society's P.C. Jabin Science College, Hubli 580 031, India
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23
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Ast S, Kuke S, Rutledge PJ, Todd MH. Using Click Chemistry to Tune the Properties and the Fluorescence Response Mechanism of Structurally Similar Probes for Metal Ions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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24
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Schwarze T, Garz A, Teuchner K, Menzel R, Holdt HJ. Two-Photon Probes for Metal Ions Based on Phenylaza[18]crown-6 Ethers and 1,2,3-Triazoles as π-Linkers. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:2436-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25
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26
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Schwarze T, Müller H, Ast S, Steinbrück D, Eidner S, Geißler F, Kumke MU, Holdt HJ. Fluorescence lifetime-based sensing of sodium by an optode. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:14167-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc06112h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a 1,2,3-triazol fluoroionophore for detecting Na+ that shows in vitro enhancement in Na+-induced fluorescence intensity and decay time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Holger Müller
- University of Potsdam
- Inorganic Chemistry
- 14476 Golm, Germany
| | - Sandra Ast
- University of Potsdam
- Inorganic Chemistry
- 14476 Golm, Germany
- University of Sydney
- School of Chemistry
| | | | - Sascha Eidner
- University of Potsdam
- Physical Chemistry
- 14476 Golm, Germany
| | - Felix Geißler
- University of Potsdam
- Physical Chemistry
- 14476 Golm, Germany
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27
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Ast S, Schwarze T, Müller H, Sukhanov A, Michaelis S, Wegener J, Wolfbeis OS, Körzdörfer T, Dürkop A, Holdt HJ. A highly K(+)-selective phenylaza-[18]crown-6-lariat-ether-based fluoroionophore and its application in the sensing of K+ ions with an optical sensor film and in cells. Chemistry 2013; 19:14911-7. [PMID: 24105686 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis of two phenylaza-[18]crown-6 lariat ethers with a coumarin fluorophore (1 and 2) and we reveal that compound 1 is an excellent probe for K(+) ions under simulated physiological conditions. The presence of a 2-methoxyethoxy lariat group at the ortho position of the anilino moiety is crucial to the substantially increased stability of compounds 1 and 2 over their lariat-free phenylaza-[18]crown-6 ether analogues. Probe 1 shows a high K(+)/Na(+) selectivity and a 2.5-fold fluorescence enhancement was observed in the presence of 100 mM K(+) ions. A fluorescent membrane sensor, which was prepared by incorporating probe 1 into a hydrogel, showed a fully reversible response, a response time of 150 s, and a signal change of 7.8% per 1 mM K(+) within the range 1-10 mM K(+). The membrane was easily fabricated (only a single sensing layer on a solid polyester support), yet no leaching was observed. Moreover, compound 1 rapidly permeated into cells, was cytocompatible, and was suitable for the fluorescent imaging of K(+) ions on both the extracellular and intracellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ast
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Golm (Germany), Fax: (+49) 331-977-5055; School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Sydney (Australia)
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28
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Zhang Z, Wang H, Zhang H, Liu Y. Selectively Fluorescent Sensing Behavior of Phenylaza-15-crown-5-triazolyl Coumarin for Hg2+and Fe3+in Alcohol and Aqueous Media Respectively. CHINESE J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201300216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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29
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Ast S, Fischer T, Müller H, Mickler W, Schwichtenberg M, Rurack K, Holdt HJ. Integration of the 1,2,3-triazole "click" motif as a potent signalling element in metal ion responsive fluorescent probes. Chemistry 2013; 19:2990-3005. [PMID: 23319382 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In a systematic approach we synthesized a new series of fluorescent probes incorporating donor-acceptor (D-A) substituted 1,2,3-triazoles as conjugative π-linkers between the alkali metal ion receptor N-phenylaza-[18]crown-6 and different fluorophoric groups with different electron-acceptor properties (4-naphthalimide, meso-phenyl-BODIPY and 9-anthracene) and investigated their performance in organic and aqueous environments (physiological conditions). In the charge-transfer (CT) type probes 1, 2 and 7, the fluorescence is almost completely quenched by intramolecular CT (ICT) processes involving charge-separated states. In the presence of Na(+) and K(+) ICT is interrupted, which resulted in a lighting-up of the fluorescence in acetonitrile. Among the investigated fluoroionophores, compound 7, which contains a 9-anthracenyl moiety as the electron-accepting fluorophore, is the only probe which retains light-up features in water and works as a highly K(+)/Na(+)-selective probe under simulated physiological conditions. Virtually decoupled BODIPY-based 6 and photoinduced electron transfer (PET) type probes 3-5, where the 10-substituted anthracen-9-yl fluorophores are connected to the 1,2,3-triazole through a methylene spacer, show strong ion-induced fluorescence enhancement in acetonitrile, but not under physiological conditions. Electrochemical studies and theoretical calculations were used to assess and support the underlying mechanisms for the new ICT and PET 1,2,3-triazole fluoroionophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ast
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14467 Golm, Germany
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30
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Cigáň M, Filo J, Stankovičová H, Gáplovský A, Putala M. Spectral properties of binaphthalene-coumarins interconnected through hydrazone linkage. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 89:276-283. [PMID: 22286056 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Photophysical properties of new coumarin-3-carbaldehyde (dihydrodinaphtho[2,1-c:1',2'-e]azepin-N-yl)imines bearing dimethylamino and methoxy groups at position 7 of coumarin were investigated. Dimethylamino derivative exhibits different solvent polarity dependence of fluorescent characteristics for nonpolar, medium polar and highly polar solvents. This effect can be rationalized by diverse charge distribution in the singlet excited state due to its different stabilization by solvation in the solvents of particular group. While 2-fold higher values of Stokes shift were observed for methoxy derivative, its quantum yield of fluorescence is much lower due to high nonradiative decay rate constant of the excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Cigáň
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, SK-84215 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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31
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Path-selective photoinduced electron transfer (PET) in a membrane-associated system studied by pH-dependent fluorescence. Inorganica Chim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2011.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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32
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Yongpruksa N, Pandey S, Baker GA, Harmata M. Benzothiazines in organic synthesis. Synthesis of fluorescent 7-amino-2,1-benzothiazines. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:7979-82. [PMID: 21946911 DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06051a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent 7-amino-2,1-benzothiazines were prepared in high yields using the palladium-catalyzed reaction of 4-amino-2-chlorobenzaldehydes with a sulfoximine or the reaction of 7-fluoro-2,1-benzothiazines with amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattawut Yongpruksa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
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