1
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Sprenger T, Schwarze T, Müller H, Sperlich E, Holdt HJ, Nazaré M, Hentsch A, Eidner S, Kraft R, Kumke MU. Selective and pH-Independent Detection of Ba 2+ in Water by a Benzo-21-crown-7-Functionalized BODIPY. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301622. [PMID: 37439155 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report on highly Ba2+ selective fluorescence sensing in water by a fluorescent probe consisting of a benzo-21-crown-7 as a Ba2+ binding unit (ionophore) and a tetramethylated BODIPY fluorophore as a fluorescence reporter. This fluorescent probe showed a Ba2+ induced fluorescence enhancement (FE) by a factor of 12±1 independently of the pH value and a high Ba2+ sensitivity with a limit of detection (LOD) of (17.2±0.3) μM. Moreover, a second fluorescent probe consisting of the same BODIPY fluorophore, but a benzo-18-crown-6 as a cation-responsive binding moiety, showed an even higher FE upon Ba2+ complexation by a factor of 85±3 and a lower LOD of (13±3) μM albeit a lower Ba2+ selectivity. The fluorescence sensing mechanism of Ba2+ was further investigated by time-resolved fluorescence as well as transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) and it turned out that within these probes a blocking of a photoinduced electron transfer (PET) by Ba2+ is very likely responsible for the FE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Sprenger
- Medizinische Fakultät, HMU Potsdam, Olympischer Weg 1, 14471, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Thomas Schwarze
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Golm, Germany
| | - Holger Müller
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Golm, Germany
| | - Eric Sperlich
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Golm, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Holdt
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Golm, Germany
| | - Marc Nazaré
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Axel Hentsch
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Sascha Eidner
- Institut für Chemie, Physikalische Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Golm, Germany
| | - Ronja Kraft
- Institut für Chemie, Physikalische Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Golm, Germany
| | - Michael U Kumke
- Institut für Chemie, Physikalische Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Golm, Germany
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2
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Sprenger T, Schwarze T, Müller H, Sperlich E, Kelling A, Holdt HJ, Paul J, Riaño VM, Nazaré M. BODIPY Equipped Benzo‐Crown‐Ethers as Fluorescent Sensors for pH independent Detection of Na+ and K+. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202200270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Sprenger
- HMU Health and Medical University Potsdam GmbH Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Thomas Schwarze
- Universitat Potsdam Anorganische Chemie Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25 14476 Potsdam-Golm GERMANY
| | - Holger Müller
- University of Potsdam: Universitat Potsdam Inorganic Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Eric Sperlich
- University of Potsdam: Universitat Potsdam Inorganic Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Alexandra Kelling
- University of Potsdam: Universitat Potsdam Inorganic Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Hans-Jürgen Holdt
- University of Potsdam: Universitat Potsdam Inorganic Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Jérôme Paul
- FMP Berlin: Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut fur Molekulare Pharmakologie im Forschungsverbund Berlin eV Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Vera Martos Riaño
- FMP Berlin: Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut fur Molekulare Pharmakologie im Forschungsverbund Berlin eV Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Marc Nazaré
- FMP Berlin: Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut fur Molekulare Pharmakologie im Forschungsverbund Berlin eV Chemistry GERMANY
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3
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Schwarze T, Kelling A, Sperlich E, Holdt H. Influence of Regioisomerism in 9‐Anthracenyl‐Substituted Dithiodicyanoethene Derivatives on Photoinduced Electron Transfer Controlled By Intramolecular Charge Transfer. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202100070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schwarze
- Institut für Chemie Anorganische Chemie Universität Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25 14476 Golm Germany
| | - Alexandra Kelling
- Institut für Chemie Anorganische Chemie Universität Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25 14476 Golm Germany
| | - Eric Sperlich
- Institut für Chemie Anorganische Chemie Universität Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25 14476 Golm Germany
| | - Hans‐Jürgen Holdt
- Institut für Chemie Anorganische Chemie Universität Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25 14476 Golm Germany
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4
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Schwarze T, Sperlich E, Müller T, Kelling A, Holdt H. Synthesis Efforts of Acyclic Bis(monoalkylamino)maleonitriles and Macrocyclic Bis(dialkylamino)maleonitriles as Fluorescent Probes for Cations and a New Colorimetric Copper(II) Chemodosimeter. Helv Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202100028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schwarze
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie Universität Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24–25 DE-14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Eric Sperlich
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie Universität Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24–25 DE-14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie Universität Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24–25 DE-14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Alexandra Kelling
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie Universität Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24–25 DE-14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Hans‐Jürgen Holdt
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie Universität Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24–25 DE-14476 Potsdam Germany
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5
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Schwarze T. Determination of Pd
2+
by Fluorescence Enhancement caused by an Off‐Switching of an Energy‐ and an Electron Transfer. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schwarze
- Institut für Chemie Anorganische Chemie Universität Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25 14476 Golm Germany
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6
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Schwarze T, Riemer J. Highly K
+
Selective Probes with Fluorescence Emission Wavelengths Higher than 500 nm in Water. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schwarze
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie Universität Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25 14476 Golm Germany
| | - Janine Riemer
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie Universität Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25 14476 Golm Germany
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7
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Schwarze T, Sprenger T, Riemer J. 1,2,3‐Triazol‐1,4‐diyl‐Fluoroionophores for Zn 2+, Mg 2+and Ca 2+based on Fluorescence Intensity Enhancements in Water. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schwarze
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie Universität Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25 14476 Golm Germany
| | - Tobias Sprenger
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie Universität Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25 14476 Golm Germany
| | - Janine Riemer
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie Universität Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25 14476 Golm Germany
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Schwarze T, Riemer J, Müller H, John L, Holdt H, Wessig P. Na + Selective Fluorescent Tools Based on Fluorescence Intensity Enhancements, Lifetime Changes, and on a Ratiometric Response. Chemistry 2019; 25:12412-12422. [PMID: 31271482 PMCID: PMC6790620 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Over the years, we developed highly selective fluorescent probes for K+ in water, which show K+ -induced fluorescence intensity enhancements, lifetime changes, or a ratiometric behavior at two emission wavelengths (cf. Scheme 1, K1-K4). In this paper, we introduce selective fluorescent probes for Na+ in water, which also show Na+ induced signal changes, which are analyzed by diverse fluorescence techniques. Initially, we synthesized the fluorescent probes 2, 4, 5, 6 and 10 for a fluorescence analysis by intensity enhancements at one wavelength by varying the Na+ responsive ionophore unit and the fluorophore moiety to adjust different Kd values for an intra- or extracellular Na+ analysis. Thus, we found that 2, 4 and 5 are Na+ selective fluorescent tools, which are able to measure physiologically important Na+ levels at wavelengths higher than 500 nm. Secondly, we developed the fluorescent probes 7 and 8 to analyze precise Na+ levels by fluorescence lifetime changes. Herein, only 8 (Kd =106 mm) is a capable fluorescent tool to measure Na+ levels in blood samples by lifetime changes. Finally, the fluorescent probe 9 was designed to show a Na+ induced ratiometric fluorescence behavior at two emission wavelengths. As desired, 9 (Kd =78 mm) showed a ratiometric fluorescence response towards Na+ ions and is a suitable tool to measure physiologically relevant Na+ levels by the intensity change of two emission wavelengths at 404 nm and 492 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schwarze
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische ChemieUniversität PotsdamKarl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–2514476GolmGermany
| | - Janine Riemer
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische ChemieUniversität PotsdamKarl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–2514476GolmGermany
| | - Holger Müller
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische ChemieUniversität PotsdamKarl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–2514476GolmGermany
| | - Leonard John
- Institut für ChemieBioorganische ChemieUniversität PotsdamKarl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–2514476GolmGermany
| | - Hans‐Jürgen Holdt
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische ChemieUniversität PotsdamKarl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–2514476GolmGermany
| | - Pablo Wessig
- Institut für ChemieBioorganische ChemieUniversität PotsdamKarl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–2514476GolmGermany
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9
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Schwarze T, Riemer J, Holdt H. Cover Feature: A Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for K
+
in Water Based on a Phenylaza‐18‐Crown‐6 Lariat Ether (Chem. Eur. J. 40/2018). Chemistry 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schwarze
- Institut für Chemie Anorganische Chemie Universität Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25 14476 Golm Germany
| | - Janine Riemer
- Institut für Chemie Anorganische Chemie Universität Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25 14476 Golm Germany
| | - Hans‐Jürgen Holdt
- Institut für Chemie Anorganische Chemie Universität Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25 14476 Golm Germany
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10
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Schwarze T, Riemer J, Holdt HJ. A Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for K + in Water Based on a Phenylaza-18-Crown-6 Lariat Ether. Chemistry 2018; 24:10116-10121. [PMID: 29863303 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This work presents two molecular fluorescent probes 1 and 2 for the selective determination of physiologically relevant K+ levels in water based on a highly K+ /Na+ selective building block, the o-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenylaza-18-crown-6 lariat ether unit. Fluorescent probe 1 showed a high K+ -induced fluorescence enhancement (FE) by a factor of 7.7 of the anthracenic emission and a dissociation constant (Kd ) value of 38 mm in water. Further, for 2+K+ , we observed a dual emission behavior at 405 and 505 nm. K+ increases the fluorescence intensity of 2 at 405 nm by a factor of approximately 4.6 and K+ decreases the fluorescence intensity at 505 nm by a factor of about 4.8. Fluorescent probe 2+K+ exhibited a Kd value of approximately 8 mm in Na+ -free solutions and in combined K+ /Na+ solution a similar Kd value of about 9 mm was found, reflecting the high K+ /Na+ selectivity of 2 in water. Therefore, 2 is a promising fluorescent tool to measure ratiometrically and selectively physiologically relevant K+ levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schwarze
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Golm, Germany
| | - Janine Riemer
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Golm, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Holdt
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Golm, Germany
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11
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Schwarze T, Mertens M, Müller P, Riemer J, Wessig P, Holdt HJ. Highly K +
-Selective Fluorescent Probes for Lifetime Sensing of K +
in Living Cells. Chemistry 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schwarze
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Golm Germany
| | - Monique Mertens
- Institut für Chemie, Bioorganische Chemie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Golm Germany
| | - Peter Müller
- Institut für Biologie/Molekulare Biophysik; Humboldt Universität zu Berlin; Invalidenstr. 42 10115 Berlin Germany
| | - Janine Riemer
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Golm Germany
| | - Pablo Wessig
- Institut für Chemie, Bioorganische Chemie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Golm Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Holdt
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Golm Germany
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12
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Schwarze T, Mertens M, Müller P, Riemer J, Wessig P, Holdt HJ. Front Cover: Highly K +
-Selective Fluorescent Probes for Lifetime Sensing of K +
in Living Cells (Chem. Eur. J. 68/2017). Chemistry 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schwarze
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Golm Germany
| | - Monique Mertens
- Institut für Chemie, Bioorganische Chemie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Golm Germany
| | - Peter Müller
- Institut für Biologie/Molekulare Biophysik; Humboldt Universität zu Berlin; Invalidenstr. 42 10115 Berlin Germany
| | - Janine Riemer
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Golm Germany
| | - Pablo Wessig
- Institut für Chemie, Bioorganische Chemie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Golm Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Holdt
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Golm Germany
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13
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Zuaboni G, Hahn S, Wolfensberger P, Schwarze T, Richter D. Impact of a Mental Health Nursing Training-Programme on the Perceived Recovery-Orientation of Patients and Nurses on Acute Psychiatric Wards: Results of a Pilot Study. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2017; 38:907-914. [PMID: 28933576 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2017.1359350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In mental health nursing, recovery-orientation is regarded as a best practice approach for patient care. To assess the effect of an intervention utilising a recovery-oriented approach in acute practice, a controlled pilot trial was conducted. On intervention wards, mental health nurses received special training. Recovery Self-Assessment Scale was used to assess the effects of the training. No statistically significant effects were found, between the experimental conditions. Reasons for this result may be methodological, practical or due an intervention that was not powerful enough. Recovery-oriented intervention studies in mental health nursing should be conducted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Zuaboni
- a Sanatorium Kilchberg AG, Kilchberg , Switzerland & Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg , Halle-Saale , Germany
| | - Sabine Hahn
- b Bern University of Applied Sciences , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Peter Wolfensberger
- c Integrated Psychiatry Winterthur , Switzerland & Bournemouth University , Bournemouth , UK
| | | | - Dirk Richter
- b Bern University of Applied Sciences , Bern , Switzerland
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14
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Schwarze T, Mertens M, Müller P, Riemer J, Wessig P, Holdt HJ. Highly K + -Selective Fluorescent Probes for Lifetime Sensing of K + in Living Cells. Chemistry 2017; 23:17186-17190. [PMID: 28895214 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The new K+ -selective fluorescent probes 1 and 2 were obtained by CuI -catalyzed 1,3-dipolar azide alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reactions of an alkyne-substituted [1,3]dioxolo[4,5-f][1,3]benzodioxole (DBD) ester fluorophore with azido-functionalized N-phenylaza-18-crown-6 ether and N-(o-isopropoxy) phenylaza-18-crown-6 ether, respectively. Probes 1 and 2 allow the detection of K+ in the presence of Na+ in water by fluorescence enhancement (2.2 for 1 at 2000 mm K+ and 2.5 for 2 at 160 mm K+ ). Fluorescence lifetime measurements in the absence and presence of K+ revealed bi-exponential decay kinetics with similar lifetimes, however with different proportions changing the averaged fluorescence decay times (τf(av) ). For 1 a decrease of τf(av) from 12.4 to 9.3 ns and for 2 an increase from 17.8 to 21.8 ns was observed. Variation of the substituent in ortho position of the aniline unit of the N-phenylaza-18-crown-6 host permits the modulation of the Kd value for a certain K+ concentration. For example, substitution of H in 1 by the isopropoxy group (2) decreased the Kd value from >300 mm to 10 mm. 2 was chosen for studying the efflux of K+ from human red blood cells (RBC). Upon addition of the Ca2+ ionophor ionomycin to a RBC suspension in a buffer containing Ca2+ , the fluorescence of 2 slightly rose within 10 min, however, after 120 min a significant increase was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schwarze
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Golm, Germany
| | - Monique Mertens
- Institut für Chemie, Bioorganische Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Golm, Germany
| | - Peter Müller
- Institut für Biologie/Molekulare Biophysik, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janine Riemer
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Golm, Germany
| | - Pablo Wessig
- Institut für Chemie, Bioorganische Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Golm, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Holdt
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Golm, Germany
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15
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Schwarze T, Müller H, Schmidt D, Riemer J, Holdt HJ. Inside Back Cover: Design of Na +
-Selective Fluorescent Probes: A Systematic Study of the Na +
-Complex Stability and the Na +
/K +
Selectivity in Acetonitrile and Water (Chem. Eur. J. 30/2017). Chemistry 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schwarze
- Institut für Chemie; Anorganische Chemie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Golm Germany
| | - Holger Müller
- Institut für Chemie; Anorganische Chemie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Golm Germany
| | - Darya Schmidt
- Institut für Chemie; Anorganische Chemie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Golm Germany
| | - Janine Riemer
- Institut für Chemie; Anorganische Chemie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Golm Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Holdt
- Institut für Chemie; Anorganische Chemie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Golm Germany
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16
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Okuda M, Schwarze T, Eloi JC, Ward Jones SE, Heard PJ, Sarua A, Ahmad E, Kruglyak VV, Grundler D, Schwarzacher W. Top-down design of magnonic crystals from bottom-up magnetic nanoparticles through protein arrays. Nanotechnology 2017; 28:155301. [PMID: 28294104 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa62f3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We show that chemical fixation enables top-down micro-machining of large periodic 3D arrays of protein-encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) without loss of order. We machined 3D micro-cubes containing a superlattice of NPs by means of focused ion beam etching, integrated an individual micro-cube to a thin-film coplanar waveguide and measured the resonant microwave response. Our work represents a major step towards well-defined magnonic metamaterials created from the self-assembly of magnetic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Okuda
- University of Bristol, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, School of Physics, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom. CIC nanoGUNE consolider, Avenida Tolosa 76, E-20018, Donostita-San Sebastian, Spain. Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, 6ª planta, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain
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17
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Schwarze T, Müller H, Schmidt D, Riemer J, Holdt HJ. Design of Na+
-Selective Fluorescent Probes: A Systematic Study of the Na+
-Complex Stability and the Na+
/K+
Selectivity in Acetonitrile and Water. Chemistry 2017; 23:7255-7263. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schwarze
- Institut für Chemie; Anorganische Chemie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Golm Germany
| | - Holger Müller
- Institut für Chemie; Anorganische Chemie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Golm Germany
| | - Darya Schmidt
- Institut für Chemie; Anorganische Chemie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Golm Germany
| | - Janine Riemer
- Institut für Chemie; Anorganische Chemie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Golm Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Holdt
- Institut für Chemie; Anorganische Chemie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Golm Germany
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18
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Allgaier T, Schwarze T. [Not Available]. Krankenpfl Soins Infirm 2016; 109:16-18. [PMID: 30561923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
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19
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Schwarze T, Schneider R, Riemer J, Holdt HJ. A Highly K+-Selective Fluorescent Probe - Tuning the K+-Complex Stability and the K+/Na+Selectivity by Varying the Lariat-Alkoxy Unit of a Phenylaza[18]crown-6 Ionophore. Chem Asian J 2015; 11:241-7. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201500956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schwarze
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Golm Germany
| | - Radu Schneider
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Golm Germany
| | - Janine Riemer
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Golm Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Holdt
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie; Universität Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 14476 Golm Germany
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schwarze
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl‐Liebknecht‐Str. 24–25, 14476 Golm (Germany)
| | - Janine Riemer
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl‐Liebknecht‐Str. 24–25, 14476 Golm (Germany)
| | - Sascha Eidner
- Institut für Chemie, Physikalische Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl‐Liebknecht‐Str. 24–25, 14476 Golm (Germany)
| | - Hans‐Jürgen Holdt
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl‐Liebknecht‐Str. 24–25, 14476 Golm (Germany)
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21
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Schwarze T, Waizner J, Garst M, Bauer A, Stasinopoulos I, Berger H, Pfleiderer C, Grundler D. Universal helimagnon and skyrmion excitations in metallic, semiconducting and insulating chiral magnets. Nat Mater 2015; 14:478-483. [PMID: 25730395 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nearly seven decades of research on microwave excitations of magnetic materials have led to a wide range of applications in electronics. The recent discovery of topological spin solitons in chiral magnets, so-called skyrmions, promises high-frequency devices that exploit the exceptional emergent electrodynamics of these compounds. Therefore, an accurate and unified quantitative account of their resonant response is key. Here, we report all-electrical spectroscopy of the collective spin excitations in the metallic, semiconducting and insulating chiral magnets MnSi, Fe1-xCoxSi and Cu2OSeO3, respectively, using broadband coplanar waveguides. By taking into account dipolar interactions, we achieve a precise quantitative modelling across the entire magnetic phase diagrams using two material-specific parameters that quantify the chiral and the critical field energy. The universal behaviour sets the stage for purpose-designed applications based on the resonant response of chiral magnets with tailored electric conductivity and an unprecedented freedom for an integration with electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schwarze
- Lehrstuhl für Physik funktionaler Schichtsysteme, Technische Universität München, Physik Department, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - J Waizner
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - M Garst
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - A Bauer
- Lehrstuhl für Topologie korrelierter Systeme, Technische Universität München, Physik Department, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - I Stasinopoulos
- Lehrstuhl für Physik funktionaler Schichtsysteme, Technische Universität München, Physik Department, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - H Berger
- Institut de Physique de la Matiére Complexe, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Pfleiderer
- Lehrstuhl für Topologie korrelierter Systeme, Technische Universität München, Physik Department, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - D Grundler
- 1] Lehrstuhl für Physik funktionaler Schichtsysteme, Technische Universität München, Physik Department, D-85748 Garching, Germany [2] Institut des Matériaux, Faculté Sciences et Technique de l'Ingénieur, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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22
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Raemy M, Schwarze T. [Accidental falls: prevalence and risk factors]. Krankenpfl Soins Infirm 2015; 108:23. [PMID: 26775415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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23
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Rüttimann F, Schwarze T. [Also addressing addiction]. Krankenpfl Soins Infirm 2015; 108:17-19. [PMID: 26685531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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24
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Schwarze T, Garz A, Teuchner K, Menzel R, Holdt HJ. Two-Photon Probes for Metal Ions Based on Phenylaza[18]crown-6 Ethers and 1,2,3-Triazoles as π-Linkers. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:2436-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25
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Yu H, Duerr G, Huber R, Bahr M, Schwarze T, Brandl F, Grundler D. Omnidirectional spin-wave nanograting coupler. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2702. [PMID: 24189978 PMCID: PMC3831280 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnonics as an emerging nanotechnology offers functionalities beyond current semiconductor technology. Spin waves used in cellular nonlinear networks are expected to speed up technologically, demanding tasks such as image processing and speech recognition at low power consumption. However, efficient coupling to microelectronics poses a vital challenge. Previously developed techniques for spin-wave excitation (for example, by using parametric pumping in a cavity) may not allow for the relevant downscaling or provide only individual point-like sources. Here we demonstrate that a grating coupler of periodically nanostructured magnets provokes multidirectional emission of short-wavelength spin waves with giantly enhanced amplitude compared with a bare microwave antenna. Exploring the dependence on ferromagnetic materials, lattice constants and the applied magnetic field, we find the magnonic grating coupler to be more versatile compared with gratings in photonics and plasmonics. Our results allow one to convert, in particular, straight microwave antennas into omnidirectional emitters for short-wavelength spin waves, which are key to cellular nonlinear networks and integrated magnonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Yu
- Physik Department E10, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, D-85747 Garching b. München, Germany
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Schwarze T, Müller H, Ast S, Steinbrück D, Eidner S, Geißler F, Kumke MU, Holdt HJ. Fluorescence lifetime-based sensing of sodium by an optode. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:14167-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc06112h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a 1,2,3-triazol fluoroionophore for detecting Na+ that shows in vitro enhancement in Na+-induced fluorescence intensity and decay time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Holger Müller
- University of Potsdam
- Inorganic Chemistry
- 14476 Golm, Germany
| | - Sandra Ast
- University of Potsdam
- Inorganic Chemistry
- 14476 Golm, Germany
- University of Sydney
- School of Chemistry
| | | | - Sascha Eidner
- University of Potsdam
- Physical Chemistry
- 14476 Golm, Germany
| | - Felix Geißler
- University of Potsdam
- Physical Chemistry
- 14476 Golm, Germany
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Schwarze T, Traeger J, Kelling A, Schilde U, Holdt HJ. Macrocyclic dithiomaleonitriles for an efficient PdCl2 coordination. Inorganica Chim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2013.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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28
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Ast S, Schwarze T, Müller H, Sukhanov A, Michaelis S, Wegener J, Wolfbeis OS, Körzdörfer T, Dürkop A, Holdt HJ. A highly K(+)-selective phenylaza-[18]crown-6-lariat-ether-based fluoroionophore and its application in the sensing of K+ ions with an optical sensor film and in cells. Chemistry 2013; 19:14911-7. [PMID: 24105686 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis of two phenylaza-[18]crown-6 lariat ethers with a coumarin fluorophore (1 and 2) and we reveal that compound 1 is an excellent probe for K(+) ions under simulated physiological conditions. The presence of a 2-methoxyethoxy lariat group at the ortho position of the anilino moiety is crucial to the substantially increased stability of compounds 1 and 2 over their lariat-free phenylaza-[18]crown-6 ether analogues. Probe 1 shows a high K(+)/Na(+) selectivity and a 2.5-fold fluorescence enhancement was observed in the presence of 100 mM K(+) ions. A fluorescent membrane sensor, which was prepared by incorporating probe 1 into a hydrogel, showed a fully reversible response, a response time of 150 s, and a signal change of 7.8% per 1 mM K(+) within the range 1-10 mM K(+). The membrane was easily fabricated (only a single sensing layer on a solid polyester support), yet no leaching was observed. Moreover, compound 1 rapidly permeated into cells, was cytocompatible, and was suitable for the fluorescent imaging of K(+) ions on both the extracellular and intracellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ast
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Golm (Germany), Fax: (+49) 331-977-5055; School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Sydney (Australia)
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Schwarze T, Kelling A, Müller H, Trautmann M, Klamroth T, Baumann O, Strauch P, Holdt HJ. N-2-Pyridinylmethyl-N′-arylmethyl-diaminomaleonitriles: New Highly Selective Chromogenic Chemodosimeters for Copper(II). Chemistry 2012; 18:10506-10. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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30
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Schwarze T, Hahn S. [Ambulatory care and nursing in aging. The viewpoint of the elderly]. Krankenpfl Soins Infirm 2012; 105:16-19. [PMID: 23210203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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31
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Schwarze T, Mickler W, Dosche C, Flehr R, Klamroth T, Löhmannsröben HG, Saalfrank P, Holdt HJ. Systematic Investigation of Photoinduced Electron Transfer Controlled by Internal Charge Transfer and Its Consequences for Selective PdCl2Coordination. Chemistry 2010; 16:1819-25. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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32
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Schwarze T, Dosche C, Flehr R, Klamroth T, Löhmannsröben HG, Saalfrank P, Cleve E, Buschmann HJ, Holdt HJ. Combination of a CT modulated PET and an intramolecular excimer formation to quantify PdCl2 by large fluorescence enhancement. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:2034-6. [DOI: 10.1039/b919973j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Schwarze T, Müller H, Dosche C, Klamroth T, Mickler W, Kelling A, Löhmannsröben HG, Saalfrank P, Holdt HJ. Luminescence Detection of Open-Shell Transition-Metal Ions by Photoinduced Electron Transfer Controlled by Internal Charge Transfer of a Receptor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200603992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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34
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Schwarze T, Müller H, Dosche C, Klamroth T, Mickler W, Kelling A, Löhmannsröben HG, Saalfrank P, Holdt HJ. Luminescence Detection of Open-Shell Transition-Metal Ions by Photoinduced Electron Transfer Controlled by Internal Charge Transfer of a Receptor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:1671-4. [PMID: 17226883 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200603992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schwarze
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Golm, Germany
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Holdt HJ, Müller H, Kelling A, Drexler HJ, Müller T, Schwarze T, Schilde U, Starke I. Quecksilber(II)-chlorid- und -iodid-Komplexe von Dithia- und Tetrathiakronenethern. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200500281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Chen Y, Amawi S, Schwarze T, Westhofen M, Lorenzen J. Microvessels in oropharyngeal squamous carcinomas. Pathol Res Pract 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0344-0338(04)80740-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Geurtsen W, Schwarze T, Günay H. Diagnosis, therapy, and prevention of the cracked tooth syndrome. Quintessence Int 2003; 34:409-17. [PMID: 12859085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Many morphologic, physical, and iatrogenic factors, such as deep grooves, pronounced intraoral temperature fluctuation, poor cavity preparation design, and wrong selection of restorative materials, may predispose posterior teeth to an incomplete fracture. The resulting cracked tooth syndrome is frequently associated with bizarre symptoms that may complicate diagnosis and can persist for many years. Epidemiologic data reveal that splits or fractures are the third most common cause of tooth loss in industrialized countries, primarily affecting maxillary molars and premolars and mandibular molars. This finding indicates that the cracked tooth syndrome is of high clinical importance. Thus, at-risk teeth should be reinforced early, for instance by castings with cusp coverage or by internal splinting with adhesive ceramic restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Geurtsen
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7456, USA.
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Abstract
It was the purpose of our study to determine the cytotoxicity of several types of root canal sealers in vitro over the period of 1 yr by using a new test model. Roots of extracted human teeth were filled with N2, Apexit, Roekoseal, AH Plus, Ketac Endo, Endomethasone, and one gutta-percha point. In addition, roots filled with laterally condensed gutta-percha/N2. Teeth filled with one gutta-percha point only were controls. All specimens were consecutively extracted with distilled water for a total period of 1 yr. Extracts were investigated for cytotoxicity by using immortalized 3T3 fibroblasts and primary human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Results were statistically analyzed with Dunnett's t tests (p < 0.05). Pronounced cytotoxic effects were only caused by N2-extracts in both cell cultures (p < 0.05). Furthermore, statistically significant cytotoxic alterations were also induced by 10-week eluates of Endomethasone (p < 0.05). All other investigated materials did not significantly alter cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schwarze
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Periodontology, Medical University Hannover, Germany
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cellular compatibility of five endodontic sealers in the first 24 h after mixing. Specimens of N2, Endomethasone, Apexit, AH Plus, and Ketac Endo were extracted with cell culture medium 0, 1, 5, and 24 h after mixing. Eluates were tested for cytotoxicity with immortal 3T3 cells and primary human periodontal ligament fibroblasts using XTT-assays. Data were analyzed for statistically significant differences by means of Dunnett's t tests (p < 0.05). All extracts of N2 completely inhibited cell metabolism (p < 0.05). Similar effects were provoked by the first three eluates of Endomethasone, but the 24-h extract irritated cells significantly less (p < 0.05). Severe cytotoxicity was also observed with all Ketac Endo extracts (p < 0.05). A significant inhibition of mitochondrial activity was induced by the first (3T3) or the first and second eluate (periodontal ligament fibroblasts) of AH Plus (p < 0.05). The subsequent eluates of this sealer and all extracts of Apexit did not reveal any cytotoxic potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schwarze
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Periodontology, Medical University Hannover, Germany
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Schwarze T, Baethge C, Stecher T, Geurtsen W. Identification of second canals in the mesiobuccal root of maxillary first and second molars using magnifying loupes or an operating microscope. AUST ENDOD J 2002; 28:57-60. [PMID: 12360670 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-4477.2002.tb00379.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Various authors have investigated the frequency of second canals (MB2) in the mesiobuccal roots of maxillary molars, predominantly first molars. Further, it has been reported that the percentage of MB2 canals that are treated during routine endodontic therapy is much lower than the number of second canals identified in vitro. It was the purpose of this study to investigate whether the use of an operating microscope may improve the diagnosis of MB2 canals in mesiobuccal roots of maxillary molars. The canal orifices of 100 maxillary first and second molars (50 of each) were initially inspected by Examiner 1 using individually-adapted x2 magnifying loupes. Subsequently, all teeth were examined by a second investigator using an operating microscope (OPM) with x8 magnification. Finally, the mesiobuccal roots of all teeth were separated. Then, the sections were analysed histologically and by SEM. The histological investigation revealed a total number of 63 MB2 canals, 39 in first, and 24 in second molars. Only 26 (41.3%) of those canals were identified using magnifying loupes, whereas 59 (93.7%) were found by means of an operating microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schwarze
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Periodontology, Medical University Hannover, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
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Schwarze T, Guenay H. PR 16 Endodontic or surgical therapy of periapical lesions. J Endod 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0099-2399(99)80240-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Jarry H, Leonhardt S, Schwarze T, Wuttke W. Preoptic rather than mediobasal hypothalamic amino acid neurotransmitter release regulates GnRH secretion during the estrogen-induced LH surge in the ovariectomized rat. Neuroendocrinology 1995; 62:479-86. [PMID: 8559279 DOI: 10.1159/000127037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitory and excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters have been suggested to participate in the feedback actions of estradiol (E2) on LH secretion. In the rat estrogen-receptive neurons have been demonstrated in the preoptic/anterior hypothalamic area (POA) and mediobasal hypothalamus/median eminence (MBH) and many of these neurons utilize gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as neurotransmitter. The actions of excitatory amino acids (EAA) differ in ovariectomized (ovx) and ovx E2-substituted rats indicating that EAAs also participate in the positive feedback action of E2 on LH release. However, little information is available as to whether in vivo these transmitters exert their effects in the POA, where most of the GnRH perikarya are located, or in the MBH, i.e. at the nerve terminals. Therefore we conducted push pull cannula perfusions to compare the release rates of GABA, aspartate (ASP) and glutamate (GLU) in the MBH and POA. A subcutaneous implant of a silastic tube containing E2 resulted in LH surges in the afternoon of all treated animals. Prior to and during this LH surge the MBH release rates of neither GABA nor ASP nor GLU were significantly altered. In contrast, a conspicuous drop in preoptic GABA release occurred prior to and during the time of estrogen-induced LH surges and this was accompanied by enhanced preoptic secretion of ASP and GLU. In conclusion, we present the first data about amino acid release in the MBH during the E2-induced LH surge. Since only in the POA the LH surge is associated with changes in amino acid release, it appears that both inhibitory and excitatory amino acids act at the level of the GnRH cell bodies and/or dendrites and not on GnRH nerve terminals to mediate the feedback mechanism of E2 on LH release.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jarry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Göttingen, Germany
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