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Cherkashinin G, Schuch J, Kaiser B, Alff L, Jaegermann W. High Voltage Electrodes for Li-Ion Batteries and Efficient Water Electrolysis: An Oxymoron? J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:3754-3760. [PMID: 32301321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that key parameters for efficient electrocatalytic oxidation of water are the energetics of the redox complexes associated with their ionization and electrochemical potentials coupled to the change of metal-oxygen band hybridization. We investigate the catalytic activity of the LiCoPO4-LiCo2P3O10 tailored compound, which is a 5 V cathode material for Li-ion batteries. The reason for the weak catalytic activity of the lithiated compound toward the oxygen evolution reaction is a large energy difference between the electronic states involved in the electrochemical reaction. A highly active catalyst is obtained by tuning the relative energetic position of the electronic levels involved in the charge transfer reaction, which in turn are governed by the lithium content. A significant lowering of the overpotential from >550 mV to ∼370 mV at 10 mA cm-2 is achieved via a decrease of the ionization potential and shifting the electrochemical potential near the electronic states of the molecule, thereby facilitating water oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennady Cherkashinin
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jona Schuch
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kaiser
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lambert Alff
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Wolfram Jaegermann
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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Asakura D, Hosono E, Okubo M, Nanba Y, Zhou H, Glans PA, Guo J. Correlation between the O 2p Orbital and Redox Reaction in LiMn 0.6 Fe 0.4 PO 4 Nanowires Studied by Soft X-ray Absorption. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:4110-4115. [PMID: 27749988 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The changes in the electronic structure of LiMn0.6 Fe0.4 PO4 nanowires during discharge processes were investigated by using ex situ soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The Fe L-edge X-ray absorption spectrum attributes the potential plateau at 3.45 V versus Li/Li+ of the discharge curve to a reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ . The Mn L-edge X-ray absorption spectra exhibit the Mn2+ multiplet structure throughout the discharge process, and the crystal-field splitting was slightly enhanced upon full discharge. The configuration-interaction full-multiplet calculation for the X-ray absorption spectra reveals that the charge-transfer effect from O 2p to Mn 3d orbitals should be considerably small, unlike that from the O 2p to Fe 3d orbitals. Instead, the O K-edge X-ray absorption spectrum shows a clear spectral change during the discharge process, suggesting that the hybridization of O 2p orbitals with Fe 3d orbitals contributes essentially to the reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Asakura
- Research Institute for Energy Conservation, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568, Japan
| | - Eiji Hosono
- Research Institute for Energy Conservation, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568, Japan
| | - Masashi Okubo
- Research Institute for Energy Conservation, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568, Japan.,Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nanba
- Research Institute for Energy Conservation, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568, Japan.,INAMORI Frontier Research Center, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Haoshen Zhou
- Research Institute for Energy Conservation, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8568, Japan
| | - Per-Anders Glans
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS6R2100, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Jinghua Guo
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS6R2100, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
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Liu X, Yang W, Liu Z. Recent progress on synchrotron-based in-situ soft X-ray spectroscopy for energy materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:7710-29. [PMID: 24799004 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201304676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Soft X-ray spectroscopy (SXS) techniques such as photoelectron spectroscopy, soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray emission spectroscopy are efficient and direct tools to probe electronic structures of materials. Traditionally, these surface sensitive soft X-ray techniques that detect electrons or photons require high vacuum to operate. Many recent in situ instrument developments of these techniques have overcome this vacuum barrier. One can now study many materials and model devices under near ambient, semi-realistic, and operando conditions. Further developments of integrating the realistic sample environments with efficient and high resolution detection methods, particularly at the high brightness synchrotron light sources, are making SXS an important tool for the energy research community. In this progress report, we briefly describe the basic concept of several SXS techniques and discuss recent development of SXS instruments. We then present several recent studies, mostly in situ SXS experiments, on energy materials and devices. Using these studies, we would like to highlight that the integration of SXS and in situ environments can provide in-depth insight of material's functionality and help researchers in new energy material developments. The remaining challenges and critical research directions are discussed at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China; Advanced Light Source Division, Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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Zhong J, Zhang H, Sun X, Lee ST. Synchrotron soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of carbon and silicon nanostructures for energy applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:7786-806. [PMID: 25204894 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201304507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Revised: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Carbon and silicon materials are two of the most important materials involved in the history of the science and technology development. In the last two decades, C and Si nanoscale materials, e.g., carbon nanotubes, graphene, and silicon nanowires, and quantum dots, have also emerged as the most interesting nanomaterials in nanoscience and nanotechnology for their myriad promising applications such as for electronics, sensors, biotechnology, etc. In particular, carbon and silicon nanostructures are being utilized in energy-related applications such as catalysis, batteries, solar cells, etc., with significant advances. Understanding of the nature of surface and electronic structures of nanostructures plays a key role in the development and improvement of energy conversion and storage nanosystems. Synchrotron soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and related techniques, such as X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM), show unique capability in revealing the surface and electronic structures of C and Si nanomaterials. In this review, XAS is demonstrated as a powerful technique for probing chemical bonding, the electronic structure, and the surface chemistry of carbon and silicon nanomaterials, which can greatly enhance the fundamental understanding and also applicability of these nanomaterials in energy applications. The focus is on the unique advantages of XAS as a complementary tool to conventional microscopy and spectroscopy for effectively providing chemical and structural information about carbon and silicon nanostructures. The employment of XAS for in situ, real-time study of property evolution of C and Si nanostructures to elucidate the mechanisms in energy conversion or storage processes is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhong
- Soochow University-Western University Centre for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
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Kristiansen PT, Dahbi M, Gustafsson T, Edström K, Newby D, Smith KE, Duda LC. X-ray absorption spectroscopy and resonant inelastic scattering study of the first lithiation cycle of the Li-ion battery cathode Li2−xMnSiO4. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:3846-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54103g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Menard MC, Takeuchi KJ, Marschilok AC, Takeuchi ES. Electrochemical discharge of nanocrystalline magnetite: structure analysis using X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:18539-48. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52870g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zhou J, Wang J, Hu Y, Regier T, Wang H, Yang Y, Cui Y, Dai H. Imaging state of charge and its correlation to interaction variation in an LiMn0.75Fe0.25PO4 nanorods–graphene hybrid. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:1765-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc39015b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zhou J, Wang J, Zuin L, Regier T, Hu Y, Wang H, Liang Y, Maley J, Sammynaiken R, Dai H. Spectroscopic understanding of ultra-high rate performance for LiMn0.75Fe0.25PO4 nanorods–graphene hybrid in lithium ion battery. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:9578-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41012e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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