1
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Kanikarapu S, Prasad R, Sethi M, Sahoo AK. Gold(I)-catalysed cyclisation of ( E)-ketene- N, O-acetals: a synthetic route toward spiro-oxazole-γ-lactones. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4672-4679. [PMID: 38805239 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00551a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a cascade 5,5-cyclisation of internal ketene-N,O-acetals utilizing homogeneous Au(I) catalysis. This process involves an initial 5-exo-dig carbocyclisation, followed by a 5-exo-dig heterocyclisation that stereoselectively incorporates the O-atom of a water molecule into an N-tethered propargyl alkyne. This sequential reaction results in the formation of one C-C, two C-O, and two C-I bonds, ultimately leading to the synthesis of spiro-α-iodo-γ-lactone structures featuring oxazole rings in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kanikarapu
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
| | - Rangu Prasad
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
| | - Manoj Sethi
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
| | - Akhila K Sahoo
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
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2
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Hu T, Zhao Y, Luo X, Li Z, Yang WL. Brønsted acid catalyzed [4 + 2] cycloaddition for the synthesis of bisbenzannulated spiroketals with antifungal activities. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4656-4661. [PMID: 38804023 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00584h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The intermolecular [4 + 2] cycloaddition of o-hydroxy benzyl alcohols with isochroman ketals was realized by CF3CO2H catalysis. A broad range of bisbenzannulated [6,6]-spiroketals were formed under the metal-free mild conditions in moderate to excellent yields (45-98%) with mostly excellent diastereoselectivities (up to >20 : 1 dr). Furthermore, the enantioselective version was also preliminarily investigated and the bisbenzannulated [6,6]-spiroketal was obtained with 61% ee in the presence of Sc(OTf)3/Feng's chiral N,N'-dioxide ligand. Some of the bisbenzannulated [6,6]-spiroketal products showed good in vitro antifungal activities against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Rhizoctonia solani.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Yuxuan Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoyan Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Zhong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Wu-Lin Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
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3
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Yang TT, Zhang YQ, Xie MS, Tian Y, Wang DC, Guo HM. Dearomative [2 + 1] Spiroannulation of Bromophenols with Electron-Deficient Alkenes. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38757188 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
A base-assisted dearomative [2 + 1] spiroannulation of p/o-bromophenols with activated olefins (methylenemalonates) to construct various cyclopropyl spirocyclohexadienone skeletons is reported. Furthermore, several other halophenols (X = Cl, I) were also tolerated in this process. Control experiments reveal a dearomative Michael addition of phenols at their halogenated positions to methylenemalonates, followed by intramolecular radical-based SRN1 dehalogenative cyclopropanation. However, according to the density functional theory (DFT) calculations, an SN2 dehalogenative cyclopropanation with the same low activation energy barrier should not be excluded. The utility of this method is showcased by gram-scale syntheses and transformations of the dearomatized products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Yun-Qiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Ming-Sheng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Yin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Dong-Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Hai-Ming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
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4
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Sakamaki T, Zhang Y, Fukuma S, Cruz CM, Valdivia AC, Campaña AG, Casado J, Shang R, Nakamura E. Doubly Spiro-Conjugated Chiral Carbocycles Exhibiting SOMO-HOMO Inversion in Persistent Radical Cations. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12712-12722. [PMID: 38655573 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Persistent chiral organic open-shell systems have captured growing interest due to their potential applications in organic spintronic and optoelectronic devices. Nevertheless, the integration of configurationally stable chirality into an organic open-shell system continues to pose challenges in molecular design. The π-extended skeleton incorporated in spiro-conjugated carbocycles can provide robust chiroptical properties and a significant stabilization of the excited and ionic radical states. However, this approach has been relatively less explored in the design of persistent organic open-shell systems. We report here the (S,S)-, (R,R)-, and meso-isomers of doubly spiro-conjugated carbocycles featuring flat and rigid carbon-bridged para-phenylenevinylene (CPV) of different conjugation lengths connected by two spiro-carbon centers, which we denote D-spiro-CPV for its quasi-dimeric structure. Our synthetic method based on a double lithiation cyclization approach enables facile production of D-spiro-CPV. D-spiro-CPVs exhibit circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) with high fluorescence quantum yields (ΦFL) resulting in a high CPL brightness of 21 M-1 cm-1 and also exhibit high thermal and photostability. The monoradical cation of D-spiro-CPV absorbing near-infrared light is notably persistent, exhibiting a half-life of 570 h under ambient conditions due to doubly spiro-conjugative stabilization. Theoretical and electrochemical studies indicate the radical cation of D-spiro-CPVs presents a non-Aufbau electron filling, exhibiting inversion of the energy level of the singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) and the highest (doubly) occupied molecular orbitals with the SOMO level even below the HOMO-1 level (double SHI effect). Our discoveries provide valuable insights into non-Aufbau molecules and the development of configurationally stable, optically active persistent radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Sakamaki
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shota Fukuma
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Carlos M Cruz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de Excelencia de Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Universidad de Granada (UGR), Avenida Fuente Nueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Abel Cárdenas Valdivia
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Araceli G Campaña
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Unidad de Excelencia de Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Universidad de Granada (UGR), Avenida Fuente Nueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Rui Shang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Eiichi Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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5
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Chaturvedi AK, Shukla RK, Volla CMR. Rh(iii)-catalyzed sp 3/sp 2-C-H heteroarylations via cascade C-H activation and cyclization. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6544-6551. [PMID: 38699273 PMCID: PMC11062110 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06955a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of an efficient strategy for facile access to quinoline-based bis-heterocycles holds paramount importance in medicinal chemistry. Herein, we describe a unified approach for accessing 8-(indol-3-yl)methyl-quinolines by integrating Cp*Rh(iii)-catalyzed C(sp3)-H bond activation of 8-methylquinolines followed by nucleophilic cyclization with o-ethynylaniline derivatives. Remarkably, methoxybiaryl ynones under similar catalytic conditions delivered quinoline tethered spiro[5.5]enone scaffolds via a dearomative 6-endo-dig C-cyclization. Moreover, leveraging this method for C8(sp2)-H bond activation of quinoline-N-oxide furnished biologically relevant oxindolyl-quinolines. This reaction proceeds via C(sp2)-H bond activation, regioselective alkyne insertion, oxygen-atom-transfer (OAT) and intramolecular nucleophilic cyclization in a cascade manner. One C-C, one C-N and one C[double bond, length as m-dash]O bond were created with concomitant formation of a quaternary center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul K Chaturvedi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Rahul K Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Chandra M R Volla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
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6
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Chen J, Liu Z, León Rojas AF, Rao W, Chan PWH. Gold-Catalyzed Double Spirocyclization of 3-Ene-1,7-diyne Esters to Dispiroheterocycles. Org Lett 2024; 26:3252-3257. [PMID: 38587463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
A synthetic method to prepare dispiroheterocycles containing two all-carbon quaternary centers efficiently that relies on the gold(I)-catalyzed double spirocyclization of 3-ene-1,7-diyne esters is described. The suggested mechanism delineates a rare example of a dispirocyclization featuring two 1,n-acyloxy shifts comprising a 1,3-acyloxy migration and an interrupted 1,5-acyl migration that was achieved with the assistance of residual water in the reaction media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichao Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Weidong Rao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, People's Republic of China
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7
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Meher R, Pan SC. Organocatalytic Asymmetric Dearomative Spirocyclization/Oxa-Michael Addition Sequence: Synthesis of Polycyclic Tetralones. Org Lett 2024; 26:3179-3183. [PMID: 38568111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Herein, an organocatalytic asymmetric dearomative spirocyclization/oxa-Michael addition sequence with a newly designed substrate having two naphthol motifs has been developed. The reaction proceeds through in situ chiral vinylidene ortho-quinone methide (VQM) intermediate formation, dearomative spirocyclization of naphthol, and an oxa-Michael addition reaction. The densely functionalized tetralone products were formed in high yields with high diastereo- and enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramji Meher
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Subhas Chandra Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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8
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Elkanzi NAA, Hrichi H, Muqbil Alsirhani A, Bakr RB. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potential of 1,8-Naphthyridine Based Scaffolds: Design, Synthesis and in Silico Simulation Studies within Topoisomerase II. Chem Biodivers 2024:e202301746. [PMID: 38459958 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
A series of spiro β-Lactams (4 a-c, 7 a-c) and thiazolidinones (5 a-c, 8 a-c) possessing 1,8-naphthyridine moiety were synthesized in this study. The structure of the newly synthesized compounds has been confirmed by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectra, and elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds were tested in vitro for their antibacterial and antifungal activity against various strains. The antimicrobial data showed that most of the compounds displayed good efficacy against both bacteria and fungi. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies suggested that the presence of electron-withdrawing chloro (3 b, 4 b, and 5 b) and nitro groups (7 b, 8 b) at the para position of the phenyl ring improved the antimicrobial activity of the compounds. The free radical scavenging assay showed that all the synthesized compounds exhibited significant antioxidant activity on DPPH. Compounds 8 b (IC50=17.68±0.76 μg/mL) and 4 c (IC50=18.53±0.52 μg/mL) showed the highest antioxidant activity compared to ascorbic acid (IC50=15.16±0.43 μg/mL). Molecular docking studies were also conducted to support the antimicrobial and SAR results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia A A Elkanzi
- Chemistry Department, college of Science, Jouf University, 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hajer Hrichi
- Chemistry Department, college of Science, Jouf University, 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Muqbil Alsirhani
- Chemistry Department, college of Science, Jouf University, 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania B Bakr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, 62514, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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9
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Ding S, Pu Y, Lin J, Zhao H, Tang Q, Wang J. Electrophile-Controlled Regiodivergent Palladium-Catalyzed Imidoylative Spirocyclization of Cyclic Alkenes. Org Lett 2024; 26:1908-1913. [PMID: 38407073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
An intermolecular controllable Pd-catalyzed spirocyclization of isocyano cycloalkenes has been developed, offering efficient and selective approaches toward spirocyclic hydropyrrole scaffolds. 2-Azaspiro-1,7-dienes could be obtained through a "chain-walking" process with aryl/vinyl iodides as electrophiles, while the normal Heck product 2-azaspiro-1,6-dienes were selectively generated when aryl triflates were used as the coupling partner of isocyanides. Mechanistic studies suggested that the counteranion of the Pd(II) intermediate played a crucial role in the regioselectivity control. Dihydropyrrole-fused 5,6,7-membered spirocycles were switchably accessed under mild conditions with wide functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yue Pu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Jiao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Haixia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Qiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
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10
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Ayesha, Ashraf A, Arshad M, Sajid N, Rasool N, Abbas M, Nazeer U, Khalid M, Imran M. Dinuclear Zn-Catalytic System as Brønsted Base and Lewis Acid for Enantioselectivity in Same Chiral Environment. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:6074-6092. [PMID: 38375498 PMCID: PMC10876046 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is a crucial element with remarkable significance in organic transformations. The profusion of harmless zinc salts in the Earth's outer layer qualifies zinc as a noteworthy contender for inexpensive and eco-friendly reagents and catalysts. Recently, widely recognized uses of organo-Zn compounds in the field of organic synthesis have undergone extensive expansion toward asymmetric transformations. The ProPhenol ligand, a member of the chiral nitrogenous-crown family, exhibits the spontaneous formation of a dual-metal complex when reacted with alkyl metal (R-M) reagents, e.g., ZnEt2. The afforded Zn complex possesses two active sites, one Lewis acid and the other Brønsted base, thereby facilitating the activation of nucleophiles and electrophiles simultaneously within the same chiral pocket. In this comprehensive analysis, we provide a thorough account of the advancement and synthetic potential of these diverse catalysts in organic synthesis, while emphasizing the reactivity and selectivities, i.e., dr and ee due to the design/structure of the ligands employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College University
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Ashraf
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College University
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mahwish Arshad
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College University
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Roy
and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Numan Sajid
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College University
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Rasool
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College University
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mujahad Abbas
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College University
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Usman Nazeer
- Chemistry
Department, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Boulvard, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | | | - Muhammad Imran
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Reddy CR, Srinivasu E, Subbarao M. Seleno/Thio-functionalized ipso-Annulation of N-Propiolyl-2-arylbenzimidazole to Construct Azaspiro[5,5]undecatrienones. J Org Chem 2023; 88:16485-16496. [PMID: 37943010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Till date, the ipso-cyclization of propiolamides is limited to provide azaspiro[4,5]decatrienones. Herein, we present the first example of ipso-carbocyclization, leading to azaspiro[5,5]-undecatrienones from N-propiolyl-2-arylbenzimidazoles, involving both the radical-based and electrophilic reactions. This report establishes an access to a wide range of chalcogenated (SCN/SCF3/SePh) benzimidazo-fused azaspiro[5,5]undecatrienones in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chada Raji Reddy
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ejjirotu Srinivasu
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Muppidi Subbarao
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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12
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Ma X, Feng A, Zhang D. Origin of Enantio- and Chemoselectivity in the Synthesis of Spirocycles via Palladium/Xu-Phos-Catalyzed Cascade Heck/Remote C(sp 2)-H Alkylation: A Computational Mechanistic Study. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:8882-8891. [PMID: 37830770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c05161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to study the mechanism and factors affecting the enantio-, regio-, and chemoselectivities in the palladium/Xu-Phos-catalyzed cascade Heck/remote C(sp2)-H alkylation reaction. The active catalyst is found to be able to sustain coordination with P and S atoms and can adapt its coordination mode to accommodate the significant steric hindrance between the ligand and substrate, unlike previous findings that showed coordination with P and O atoms. The reaction is established to occur in sequence through the oxidative addition of the aryl iodide to Pd(0), intramolecular alkene insertion, C(sp2)-H bond activation, and C(sp2)-C(sp3) bond reductive elimination. The C(sp2)-C(sp3) bond reductive elimination is identified as the rate-determining step, and the intramolecular alkene insertion as the enantioselectivity-determining step. The high enantioselectivity originates from the stronger electronic interaction between the catalyst and substrate; the exclusive 5-exo-regioselectivity is due to the stronger nucleophilicity of the terminal alkene carbon atom, and the chemoselectivity of C-H activation over carboiodination is driven by thermodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexiang Ma
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Aili Feng
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Dongju Zhang
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
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13
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Midya A, Khalse LD, Ghorai P. Organocatalytic Enantioselective Intramolecular Michael Addition by In Situ Generated Aminoisobenzofulvenes: Construction of Spiro Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301563. [PMID: 37545475 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented enantioselective organocatalytic spirocyclization strategy is presented by in situ generation of aminoisobezofulvenes. The reaction sequence involves a reductive Michael/aldol-condensation/Michael addition cascade by iminium-enamine catalysis. The key success of this spirocyclization was the formation of intermediatory nucleophilic aminoisobenzofuvenes accountable for intramolecular Michael addition. Benzospirononanes featuring an all carbon qauternary spirocenter were obtained using proline-derived amino-organocatalyst in moderate to good yields and excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities (up to >20 : 1 dr, and 99 % ee). Post-methodological manipulation of benzospirononanes was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhisek Midya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462066, India
| | - Laxman Devidas Khalse
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462066, India
| | - Prasanta Ghorai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462066, India
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14
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Nagar R, Suwalka D, Malviya BK, Verma VP, Jassal AK, Sharma S. Electrochemical Post-Ugi Cyclization for the Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Spirolactams. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13977-13994. [PMID: 37695028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The combination of the Ugi reaction and electro-organic synthesis can aid in the creation of novel heterocycles that have not been previously explored. In this study, a new strategy utilizing bis-amides from the Ugi reaction has been developed, which can produce C-S, C-Se, and C-C═O functionalized five-membered spirolactams mediated by electricity under catalyst- and metal-free conditions. Notably, this approach can be applied using a microelectro-flow reactor (μ-EFR) for gram-scale synthesis. The described strategy can synthesize complex azaspiro-fused tricyclic scaffolds with high diastereo- and regioselectivity, highlighting its versatility and potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Nagar
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, India
| | - Dinesh Suwalka
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, India
| | | | - Ved Prakash Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Niwai-Jodhpuriya Road, Vanasthali 304022, India
| | - Amanpreet Kaur Jassal
- Department of Chemistry, U.G.C. Centre of Advance Studies in Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Siddharth Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, India
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15
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Hayrapetyan D, Yussupova L, Kaipov A, Galyamova A. Electrochemical synthesis of spirocyclic morpholines and tetrahydrofurans via an oxidative dearomatisation strategy. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7090-7094. [PMID: 37605629 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01176c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Simple and scalable electrochemical oxidation of the electron-rich benzene ring followed by intramolecular capture of reactive cation-radical intermediates opens access to spirocyclic morpholines and tetrahydrofurans. The obtained molecules can be readily modified to value-added building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davit Hayrapetyan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave., 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | - Lyailya Yussupova
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave., 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | - Almaz Kaipov
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave., 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | - Aigerim Galyamova
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave., 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan.
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16
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Gudise VB, Anwar S. Multicomponent reaction (MCR) for constructing bis-spirocyclohexane skeletons using β-nitrostyrene derived MBH acetates, 1,3-indanedione and aldehydes via [1 + 1 + 1 + 3] annulation. RSC Adv 2023; 13:27456-27460. [PMID: 37711377 PMCID: PMC10498677 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04996e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
An AB2C type four-component quadruple cascade reaction has been established between nitroallylic MBH acetate, 1,3-indanedione and aldehyde for generating bis-spirocyclohexanes. This reaction progressed in an unusual [1 + 1 + 1 + 3] annulation manner via a Knoevenagel/Michael/Michael/Michael sequence, resulting in the generation of three/four chiral centres, and two all-carbon quaternary centres through the formation of 3 new C-C bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veera Babu Gudise
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences and Humanities, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research-VFSTR, (Deemed to be University) Vadlamudi Guntur 522 213 Andhra Pradesh India (+91)-8632344700
| | - Shaik Anwar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences and Humanities, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research-VFSTR, (Deemed to be University) Vadlamudi Guntur 522 213 Andhra Pradesh India (+91)-8632344700
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17
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Nishiura Y, Gonzalez KJ, Cusumano AQ, Stoltz BM. Enantioselective 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions of α-Methylene Lactams to Construct Spirocycles. Org Lett 2023; 25:6469-6473. [PMID: 37643480 PMCID: PMC10496134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Spirocyclic scaffolds are important motifs due to their potential to bestow favorable effects on pharmaceutical compounds. However, there is a need for efficient methods for their enantioselective construction. We report a method for the asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of diazoacetates or nitrile oxides with α-methylene lactams to prepare chiral spirocyclic heterocycles. The methodology is high yielding (up to 91% yield) and enantioselective (up to 89% ee) for a wide range of N-substituents and 6- and 7-membered ring lactam substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexander Q. Cusumano
- The Warren and Katharine
Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine
Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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18
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Daniels BS, Hou X, Corio SA, Weissman LM, Dong VM, Hirschi JS, Nie S. Copper-Phosphido Catalysis: Enantioselective Addition of Phosphines to Cyclopropenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306511. [PMID: 37332088 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
We describe a copper catalyst that promotes the addition of phosphines to cyclopropenes at ambient temperature. A range of cyclopropylphosphines bearing different steric and electronic properties can now be accessed in high yields and enantioselectivities. Enrichment of phosphorus stereocenters is also demonstrated via a Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Transformation (DyKAT) process. A combined experimental and theoretical mechanistic study supports an elementary step featuring insertion of a CuI -phosphido into a carbon-carbon double bond. Density functional theory calculations reveal migratory insertion as the rate- and stereo-determining step, followed by a syn-protodemetalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Daniels
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 92697, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Xintong Hou
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 92697, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie A Corio
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, 13902, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Lindsey M Weissman
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, 13902, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Vy M Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 92697, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer S Hirschi
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, 13902, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Shaozhen Nie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, GSK, 1250 S. Collegeville Rd, 19426, Collegeville, PA, USA
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19
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Eckart-Frank IK, Wilkerson-Hill SM. Palladium-Catalyzed Trans-Selective Synthesis of Spirocyclic Cyclobutanes Using α,α-Dialkylcrotyl- and Allylhydrazones. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18591-18597. [PMID: 37552631 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate the use of E/Z mixtures of α,α-disubstituted crotylhydrazones to obtain spirocyclic vinylcyclobutanes in a diastereoselective fashion. We show 24 examples of a 1,1-insertion/4-exo-trig tandem process to produce these motifs. Additionally, spirocyclic alkylidene cyclobutanes can be obtained by using α,α-disubstituted allylated hydrazones (11 examples). In this study, we show that the aryl migrating group has a dramatic impact on the course of the reaction. Specifically, allylic C-H insertion products can be obtained in good yields using bromoenones as reaction partners. When Pd(0) is used with no aryl or alkenyl bromide, an intramolecular cyclopropanation reaction takes place to afford [2.1.0]-bicycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaiah K Eckart-Frank
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Sidney M Wilkerson-Hill
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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20
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Reddy CR, Ajaykumar U, Patil AD, Ramesh R. ipso-Cyclization of unactivated biaryl ynones leading to thio-functionalized spirocyclic enones. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:6379-6388. [PMID: 37492954 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00974b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN)-promoted oxidative ipso-cyclization of unactivated biaryl ynones with S-centered radicals (SCN/SCF3) to access spiro[5,5]trienones has been established. This approach displayed excellent regioselectivity towards spirocyclization and tolerated a variety of functional groups. Dearomatization of hitherto unknown aryl/heteroaryl groups is also disclosed. DMSO is employed as a low-toxicity, inexpensive solvent as well as a source of oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chada Raji Reddy
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad - 500007, India.
| | - Uprety Ajaykumar
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad - 500007, India.
| | - Amol D Patil
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad - 500007, India.
| | - Remya Ramesh
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad - 500007, India.
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21
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Hu W, Huang J, Gao G, Guo W, Yin F, Sun Y, Huang J, Tao C, Tao L, Hu H. Palladium-Catalyzed Dearomatization of Indoles with Alkynes: Construction of Spirocyclohexaneindolenines. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37470767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed dearomatization of indoles with alkynes has been developed, providing an efficient route to access a variety of synthetically useful spirocyclohexaneindolenines in moderate to good yields. The current method features a simple catalytic system, operational simplicity, and good functional group compatibility, which will contribute substantially to the development of dearomatization to access spiro compounds. Besides, the ubiquitous existence of spiro molecules, including spirocyclohexaneindolenines, in drugs and biological active molecules suggests the potential application of this methodology in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Function Control Technology for Advanced Materials, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Jiali Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Function Control Technology for Advanced Materials, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Gang Gao
- Jiangsu Province Lianyungang Flood Control and Motorized Rescue Team, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, China
| | - Wenting Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Function Control Technology for Advanced Materials, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Fujun Yin
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Function Control Technology for Advanced Materials, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Jingjiao Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Function Control Technology for Advanced Materials, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Chuanzhou Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Function Control Technology for Advanced Materials, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Li Tao
- Office of the Academic Affairs, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Huayou Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemistry of Low Dimensional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu 223300, China
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22
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Pecio Ł, Pecio S, Mroczek T, Oleszek W. Spiro-Flavonoids in Nature: A Critical Review of Structural Diversity and Bioactivity. Molecules 2023; 28:5420. [PMID: 37513292 PMCID: PMC10385819 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on the literature data from 1973 to 2022, this work summarizes reports on spiro-flavonoids with a spiro-carbon at the center of their structure and how this affects their isolation methods, stereochemistry, and biological activity. The review collects 65 unique structures, including spiro-biflavonoids, spiro-triflavonoids, spiro-tetraflavonoids, spiro-flavostilbenoids, and scillascillin-type homoisoflavonoids. Scillascillin-type homoisoflavonoids comprise spiro[bicyclo[4.2.0]octane-7,3'-chromane]-1(6),2,4-trien-4'-one, while the other spiro-flavonoids contain either 2H,2'H-3,3'-spirobi[benzofuran]-2-one or 2'H,3H-2,3'-spirobi[benzofuran]-3-one in the core of their structures. Spiro-flavonoids have been described in more than 40 species of eight families, including Asparagaceae, Cistaceae, Cupressaceae, Fabaceae, Pentaphylacaceae, Pinaceae, Thymelaeaceae, and Vitaceae. The possible biosynthetic pathways for each group of spiro-flavonoids are summarized in detail. Anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities are the most important biological activities of spiro-flavonoids, both in vitro and in vivo. Our work identifies the most promising natural sources, the existing challenges in assigning the stereochemistry of these compounds, and future research perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Pecio
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation-State Research Institute, 8 Czartoryskich Street, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Products, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Solomiia Pecio
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation-State Research Institute, 8 Czartoryskich Street, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Tomasz Mroczek
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Products, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wiesław Oleszek
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation-State Research Institute, 8 Czartoryskich Street, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
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23
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Gaikwad RA, Savekar AT, Waghmode SB. Metal-Free Approach for Oxa-spirocyclohexadienones through [3 + 2]/[4 + 2] ipso-Cyclization of para-Quinone Methides with Halo Alcohols. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37406306 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
A facile one-pot metal-free, base-mediated formal [3 + 2] and [4 + 2] dearomative ipso-cycloaddition of para-quinone methides (p-QMs) with halo alcohols has been designed for the efficient construction of 2-oxa-spirocyclohexadienones in excellent yield under mild reaction conditions. The commercial availability of the bases, reagents, and convenient reaction procedure makes it an attractive method for ipso-cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh A Gaikwad
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Amol T Savekar
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Suresh B Waghmode
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
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24
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Chen J, Suleman M, Lu P, Wang Y. Rh(III)-catalyzed cascade annulation of 4-diazoisoquinolin-3-ones with benzoic acids to access spiro[isobenzofuran-1,4′-isoquinoline]-3,3′-diones. Tetrahedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2023.133392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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25
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Laxman Rao BSV, Mahesh M, Yacovan A, Kumar Pillai B. Brønsted Acid Mediated Annulation of α‐Hydroxy Amides with Cycloalkanones: Access to Double Spirocyclic Oxazolidin‐4‐ones. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bachu S. V. Laxman Rao
- R&D centre ADAMA India Pvt. Ltd., Genome valley Turkapally, Shameerpet Medchal-Malkajgiri district, Hyderabad, Telangana 500101 India
| | - Masna Mahesh
- R&D centre ADAMA India Pvt. Ltd., Genome valley Turkapally, Shameerpet Medchal-Malkajgiri district, Hyderabad, Telangana 500101 India
| | - Avihai Yacovan
- R&D centre ADAMA India Pvt. Ltd., Genome valley Turkapally, Shameerpet Medchal-Malkajgiri district, Hyderabad, Telangana 500101 India
| | - Biju Kumar Pillai
- R&D centre ADAMA India Pvt. Ltd., Genome valley Turkapally, Shameerpet Medchal-Malkajgiri district, Hyderabad, Telangana 500101 India
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26
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Hagiwara H. Recent Progress in the Synthesis of Sesquiterpenoid Involving Spirocyclic Carbon Framework. Nat Prod Commun 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x231156702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Spirocarbocyclic natural products have been attracting considerable attention from synthetic organic chemists. This review focused on total syntheses of sesquiterpenoids involving spiro[4.5]decane and spiro[5.5]undecane scaffolds, compiling syntheses of colletoic acid, cubebol, axenol, vetispirene, hinesol, agarospirol, axenol, gleenol, exiguamide, exigurin, erythrodiene, spirojatamol, antroalbocin A, omphalic acid, dactylone, and aplydactonee since 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisahiro Hagiwara
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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27
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Qi D, Bai J, Song Z, Li B, Yang C, Guo L, Xia W. Photoinduced Synthesis of Functionalized Oxacyclic Spirooxindoles Via Ring Expansion. Org Lett 2023; 25:506-511. [PMID: 36637222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A versatile photochemical ring-expansion protocol for the synthesis of oxacyclic spirooxindoles under catalyst-free conditions is described. The reaction is enabled by the use of unstrained O-containing heterocycles with 3-diazoindolin-2-ones under visible-light irradiation. Several synthetic advantages for this method are exhibited, including mild conditions, good functional group tolerance, operational simplicity, and scalability. Mechanistic studies indicate that the transformation may proceed through the formation of oxonium ylide intermediate followed by an ionic cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Qi
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jinrui Bai
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhuoheng Song
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lin Guo
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wujiong Xia
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
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28
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Dhadda S, Sharma S, Jakhar P, Sharma H. Contemporary progress in the green synthesis of spiro-thiazolidines and their medicinal significance: a review. RSC Adv 2023; 13:3723-3742. [PMID: 36756557 PMCID: PMC9891087 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07474e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of new strategies for the production of nitrogen and sulfur-containing heterocycles remains an extremely alluring but challenging proposition. Among these heterocyclic compounds, spiro-thiazolidines are a distinct class of heterocyclic motifs with an all-encompassing range of pharmaceutical activities such as anti-histaminic, anti-proliferative, anesthetic, hypnotic, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV, anthelmintic, CNS stimulant, and anti-viral potentials. Consequently, investigators have produced these heterocycles through diversified intricate pathways as object structures for medicinal studies. Notwithstanding their innumerable manmade solicitations, there is yet no special periodical on MCRs concerning spiro-thiazolidine via green synthesis. Thus, this in-depth review encompasses the excursion of MCRs to spiro-thiazolidines, including the environment-friendly synthetic approaches, reaction situations, rationale behind the optimal selection of catalyst, scope, anticipated mechanism, and biological activities. In this review, we have focussed on the furthermost current developments in spiro-thiazolidine creation under different conditions, such as ionic liquid-assisted, microwave-assisted, on-water, solid-supported acid-catalyzed, asymmetric, and nanocatalyst-assisted syntheses, developed over the last 8 years. This study details works regarding the total amalgamation of spiro-thiazolidines under N- and S-containing heterocycles. Furthermore, this article summarizes the developments of artificially and pharmaceutically important spiro-thiazolidine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Dhadda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Vivekananda Global UniversityJagatpuraJaipurRajasthan303012India
| | - Shaily Sharma
- Microwave Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, UCOS, Mohanlal Sukhadia University Udaipur Rajasthan 313001 India
| | - Prakash Jakhar
- Microwave Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, UCOS, Mohanlal Sukhadia University Udaipur Rajasthan 313001 India
| | - Himanshu Sharma
- Microwave Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, UCOS, Mohanlal Sukhadia University Udaipur Rajasthan 313001 India
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29
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Liu C, Zhu X, Liu Y, Yang H, Fu H. Base-Controlled Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular 'One Substrate - Five Reactions' of 5-Benzyl-1-(2-halobenzyl)-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-ones. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203974. [PMID: 36653308 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Achieving site-selectivity and chemoselectivity is enormously challenging for substrates with multi-reactive sites in organic reactions. One kind of model substrates, 5-benzyl-1-(2-halobenzyl)-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-ones with six reactive sites were chosen as the examples to probe their intramolecular four kinds of five reactions including C(sp3 )-H arylation, C(sp2 )-H arylation, reductive Heck reaction, and domino Heck reaction/alkylation of aryl C(sp2 )-H bonds through variation of the reaction conditions. Screening of the reaction conditions showed that the different bases controlled the palladium-catalyzed intramolecular site-selectivity and chemoselectivity of the substrates: (i) Cesium carbonate (Cs2 CO3 ) promoted the benzyl C(sp3 )-H arylation of the substrates providing dihydropyrazolo[1,5-b]isoquinolin-2(1H)-ones at 100 °C, and isomerization of the dihydropyrazolo[1,5-b]isoquinolin-2(1H)-ones gave isoquinoline derivatives at a higher temperature (140 °C); (ii) Sodium acetate (NaOAc) mediated the aryl C(sp2 )-H arylation of the substrates affording seven-membered biphenyl N-heterocycles; (iii) Sodium dichloroacetate (Cl2 HCCO2 Na) facilitated occurrence of the reductive Heck reaction of the substrates affording 1H-pyrazolo[5,1-a]isoindol-2(8H)-ones; (iv) Sodium trifluoroacetate (F3 CCO2 Na) assisted performance of the domino Heck reaction/aryl C(sp2 )-H alkylation of the substrates leading to the spiro heterocycles. The 'one substrate - multiple reactions - multiple products' strategy greatly reduces cost, increases diversity of products, provides more opportunity for screening of pharmaceutical molecules, and enriches modern organic synthetic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and, Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xianjin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and, Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and, Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Haijun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and, Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Hua Fu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and, Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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30
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Green Synthesis of Spirooxindoles via Lipase-Catalyzed One-Pot Tandem Reaction in Aqueous Media. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of non-natural enzymatic catalysis is important for multicomponent tandem organic transformations. However, the delicate acting environments of biological enzymes still present some challenges in the synthesis of spirooxindole skeleton via enzymatic catalysis. To address these issues, a lipase-catalyzed method was developed for the synthesis of spirooxindole frameworks. Using easily available isatins, cycloketones, and malononitriles as substrates, mild reaction conditions, and a reasonable reaction time, moderate to good yields (67–92%) and excellent functional group tolerance were accomplished via this protocol. The related mechanism explanation is also speculated in this paper.
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31
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Wei G, Zhang J, Wang H, Chen Z, Wu XF. Radical selenylative cyclization of trifluoromethyl propargyl imines for the synthesis of trifluoromethyl- and seleno-azaspiro[4,5]-tetraenones and quinolines. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:284-288. [PMID: 36484764 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02033e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
A radical selenylative cyclization of trifluoromethyl propargyl imines with diselenides for the regiodivergent construction of diversely functionalized azaspiro[4,5]-tetraenones and quinolines has been developed, which enables dual incorporation of CF3 and Se groups into heterocycles in a one-pot reaction. When using Oxone as a green oxidant, the reaction proceeds through oxidative dearomative ipso-annulation or intramolecular ortho-annulation exhibiting good regioselectivity. The synthetic utility of this method is demonstrated by a scale-up reaction and further modification of the obtained products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiajun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haoyuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhengkai Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China. .,Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V., Albert-Einstein-Straβe 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
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32
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Yu C, Xu Y, Zhang X, Fan X. Selective Synthesis of Pyrazolonyl Spirodihydroquinolines or Pyrazolonyl Spiroindolines under Aerobic or Anaerobic Conditions. Org Lett 2022; 24:9473-9478. [PMID: 36524816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Presented herein is a condition-controlled selective synthesis of pyrazolonyl spirodihydroquinolines or pyrazolonyl spiroindolines through formal [5 + 1] or [4 + 1] spiroannulation of 2-alkenylanilines with diazopyrazolones. Mechanistically, the formation of the title products involves initial generation of a pyrazolonyl spiro-fused seven-membered ruthenacycle species serving as a key intermediate through Ru(II)-catalyzed C-H/N-H bonds metalation, carbene formation, and its migratory insertion. When the reaction is carried out under air, the key intermediate undergoes reductive elimination to afford spirodihydroquinoline. When the reaction is run under argon, the key intermediate undergoes protonation and intramolecular nucleophilic addition to furnish spiroindoline. This work provides an atom-economical protocol for the effective functionalization of alkenyl C(sp2)-H bond, allowing rapid and selective assembly of valuable spiroscaffolds with a broad range of substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Yu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yuanshuang Xu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xuesen Fan
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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33
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Jeon HJ, Park SM, Lee YL, Lee SG. Divergent Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Spiroheterocycles through Pd-Catalyzed Enantio- and Diastereoselective [3 + 2] Spiroannulation. Org Lett 2022; 24:9189-9193. [PMID: 36508499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed divergent asymmetric synthesis of chiral spiro-furanindoline derivatives is described. The zwitterionic alkoxy π-allyl Pd(II) intermediate, generated catalytically from vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC), could undergo ligand-controlled enantio- and diastereoselective dipolar [3 + 2] spiroannulation with indole-based azadienes to afford the optically active spiro-furanindolines embedding an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter in high yields (up to 99%) with good to excellent stereoselectivities (up to 99% ee and up to >94:6 dr).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ji Jeon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Su Min Park
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yu Lim Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Sang-Gi Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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34
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Elinson MN, Vereshchagin AN, Ryzhkova YE, Karpenko KA, Ryzhkov FV, Egorov MP. Electrocatalytic Cascade Selective Approach to 3-Aryl-2' H,3 H,4 H-Spiro{Furo[2,3- с]Chromene-2,5'-Pyrimidine}-2',4,4',6'(1' H,3' H)Tetraones and Its Automatic Screening Docking Studies. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2149568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michail N. Elinson
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anatoly N. Vereshchagin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yuliya E. Ryzhkova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Kirill A. Karpenko
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Fedor V. Ryzhkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail P. Egorov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
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35
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Pramanik S, Saha P, Ghosh P, Mukhopadhyay C. Substrate specific ring opening annulations of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes with 3-phenacylidene-2-oxindoles. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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36
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Phukon J, Jyoti Borah A, Gogoi S. Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Spiro Compounds through Activation and Cleavage of C−H Bonds. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jyotshna Phukon
- Applied Organic Chemistry Chemical Sciences & Technology Division CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology Jorhat 785006, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Arun Jyoti Borah
- Department of Chemistry Gauhati University Guwahati 781014 India
| | - Sanjib Gogoi
- Applied Organic Chemistry Chemical Sciences & Technology Division CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology Jorhat 785006, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
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37
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Luo Z, Cao B, Song T, Xing Z, Ren J, Wang Z. Visible-Light Organophotoredox-Mediated [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Arylcyclopropylamine with Structurally Diverse Olefins for the Construction of Cyclopentylamines and Spiro[4. n] Skeletons. J Org Chem 2022; 87:15511-15529. [PMID: 36318193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We developed a visible-light-mediated [3 + 2] cycloaddition of arylcyclopropylamine with structurally diverse olefins using QXPT-NPh as a highly efficient organic photoredox catalyst. We first achieved the use of various alkyl-substituted alkenes in intermolecular [3 + 2] cycloadditions with cyclopropylamine. We also developed a general and efficient strategy for the construction of structurally diverse cyclopentane-based spiro[4.n] skeletons with 1,3-difunctional groups, which broadly exist in natural products and synthetic molecules. Furthermore, we proposed a hydrogen-bond mode between the arylcyclopropylamine and the photocatalyst QXPT-NPh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengshan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94# Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Bowen Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94# Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Tianhang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94# Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zequn Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94# Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jun Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94# Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhongwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94# Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
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38
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Yang L, Pi C, Wu Y, Cui X. Lewis Acid-Catalyzed [3 + 2]-Cyclization of Iodonium Ylides with Azadienes: Access to Spiro[benzofuran-2,2'-furan]-3-ones. Org Lett 2022; 24:7502-7506. [PMID: 36218222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A highly regioselective synthesis of spiro[benzofuran-2,2'-furan]-3-ones has been explored via Lewis acid-catalyzed [3 + 2] cyclization of iodonium ylides with azadienes. The acidity of the Lewis acid was significantly strengthened with strong hydrogen bond donors, thereby promoting the enolization isomerization of iodonium ylides for the subsequent cycloaddition. This reaction was compatible with a broad range of substrates under the mild reaction conditions, and efficiently delivered spiro-heterocycles with excellent stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Henan Universities, Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Pi
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Henan Universities, Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangjie Wu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Henan Universities, Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuling Cui
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Henan Universities, Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
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39
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Zhang K, Li C, Jia Y, Zhao W. Asymmetric Oxidative Lactonization of Enynyl Boronates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209004. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kezhuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University 410082 Changsha Hunan P. R. China
| | - Chenchen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University 410082 Changsha Hunan P. R. China
| | - Yining Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University 410082 Changsha Hunan P. R. China
| | - Wanxiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University 410082 Changsha Hunan P. R. China
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40
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Bifunctional Squaramide‐Catalyzed Asymmetric [3+2] Annluation Reactions of 2‐Isothiocyanato‐1‐indanones with 2‐Arylidene‐1,3‐indanediones. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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41
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Shi Z, Wang WZ, Li N, Yuan Y, Ye KY. Electrochemical Dearomative Spirocyclization of N-Acyl Thiophene-2-sulfonamides. Org Lett 2022; 24:6321-6325. [PMID: 35993566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Friedel-Crafts type alkylation of C2-tethered thiophenes has been reported to be nonregioselective. Taking advantage of the highly regioselective 5-exo-trig spirocyclization of an electrochemically generated amidyl radical, we have unraveled an electrochemical dearomative spirocyclization of N-acyl thiophene-2-sulfonamides. Various nucleophilic agents, including carboxylates, alcohols, and fluoride, are readily incorporated to afford the remotely functionalized spirocyclic dihydrothiophenes, and their novel spirocyclic scaffolds have been shown to exhibit promising antitumor activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojiang Shi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Wei-Zhen Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Nan Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yaofeng Yuan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Ke-Yin Ye
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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42
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Unveiling the Origin of the Selectivity and the Molecular Mechanism in the [3+2] Cycloaddition Reaction of N-aryl-C-carbamoylnitrone with N-arylitaconimide. ORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/org3030021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of N-aryl-C-carbamoylnitrone (nitrone 1) with N-arylitaconimide (ethylene 2) was computationally studied using the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory. An analysis of the different energetic profiles and the transition states’ optimized structures clearly indicated that this 32CA occurred through a non-polar, asynchronous, one-step mechanism, favoring the formation of the ortho–endo cycloadduct, as observed experimentally. The analysis of the reactivity indices derived from the conceptual DFT explains well the low polarity of this 32CA reaction. Parr functions and a dual reactivity descriptors analysis correctly explained the regioselectivity ortho of this 32CA reaction. Solvent effects did not modify the obtained selectivity but it increased the activation energies and decreased the exothermic character of this 32CA reaction. A thermodynamic parameters analysis indicated that this 32CA wascharacterized by an ortho regioselectivity and endostereoselectivity and exothermic and exergonic characters.
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43
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Chen Z, Tang W, Yang S, Yang L. Electrochemical synthesis of 3-halogenated spiro [4,5]trienones based on dearomative spirocyclization strategy. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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44
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Raji Reddy C, Kolgave DH, Ajaykumar U, Ramesh R. Copper(II)-catalyzed oxidative ipso-annulation of N-arylpropiolamides and biaryl ynones with 1,3-diketones: construction of diketoalkyl spiro-trienones. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:6879-6889. [PMID: 35972321 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01282k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented copper-catalyzed ipso-annulation reaction of N-(p-methoxyaryl)propiolamides with 1,3-diketones has been developed, which enables the assembly of diketoalkylated spiro[4.5]trienones involving oxidative dearomatization in the presence of ammonium persulfate [(NH4)2S2O8] as the oxidant. This protocol was extended to biaryl ynones, efficiently affording the diketoalkylated spiro[5.5]trienones in good yields. The significance of the diketoalkyl functionality has been illustrated by further transformation into 3-pyrazoyl spiro-trienone, a structurally unique motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chada Raji Reddy
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad - 500007, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Dattahari H Kolgave
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad - 500007, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Uprety Ajaykumar
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad - 500007, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Remya Ramesh
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad - 500007, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
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45
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Zhang K, Li C, Jia Y, Zhao W. Asymmetric Oxidative Lactonization of Enynyl Boronates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wanxiang Zhao
- Hunan University chemistry Yuelushan, Changsha 410082 changsha CHINA
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46
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Li S, Xu JL, Xu YH. Copper-Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrosilylation of Allenes to Access Axially Chiral (Cyclohexylidene)ethyl Silanes. Org Lett 2022; 24:6054-6059. [PMID: 35948075 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel strategy of copper-catalyzed regio- and enantioselective hydrosilylation of 4-substituted vinylidenecyclohexanes with silanes was developed. In this protocol, various allenes and silanes were used to afford the corresponding (cyclohexylidene)ethyl silanes in moderate to high yields with good enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Lin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yun-He Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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47
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Zhou C, Shatskiy A, Temerdashev AZ, Kärkäs MD, Dinér P. Highly congested spiro-compounds via photoredox-mediated dearomative annulation cascade. Commun Chem 2022; 5:92. [PMID: 36697909 PMCID: PMC9814605 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00706-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Photo-mediated radical dearomatization involving 5-exo-trig cyclizations has proven to be an important route to accessing spirocyclic compounds, whereas 6-exo-trig spirocyclization has been much less explored. In this work, a dearomative annulation cascade is realized through photoredox-mediated C-O bond activation of aromatic carboxylic acids to produce two kinds of spirocyclic frameworks. Mechanistically, the acyl radical is formed through oxidation of triphenylphosphine and subsequent C-O bond cleavage, followed by a 6-exo-trig cyclization/SET/protonation sequence to generate the spiro-chromanone products in an intramolecular manner. Furthermore, the protocol was extended to more challenging intermolecular tandem sequences consisting of C-O bond cleavage, radical addition to an alkene substrate, and 5-exo-trig cyclization to yield complex spirocyclic lactams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Organic Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrey Shatskiy
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Organic Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Azamat Z Temerdashev
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Kuban State University, Stavropolskaya St. 149, 350040, Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Markus D Kärkäs
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Organic Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Dinér
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Organic Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden.
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48
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Cai X, Song X, Zhu Q, Zhang X, Fan X. Concise Synthesis of Spirocyclic Dihydrophthalazines through Spiroannulation Reactions of Aryl Azomethine Imines with Cyclic Diazo Compounds. J Org Chem 2022; 87:11048-11062. [PMID: 35921479 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Spiroannulation reactions are fundamental and invaluable for the synthesis of spirocyclic compounds. Presented herein are novel cascade reactions of aryl azomethine imines with cyclic diazo compounds leading to the formation of spirocyclic dihydrophthalazine derivatives. Based on experimental mechanistic studies, the formation of the title products is believed to go through azomethine imine-assisted cylcometalation, Rh-carbene formation through dediazonization, and migratory insertion followed by reductive elimination and azomethine imine ring opening. Control experiments revealed that air acts as an effective and sustainable co-oxidant to facilitate the cascade reaction. In general, this concise synthesis of the unprecedented spirocyclic dihydrophthalazine derivatives has advantages such as easily accessible substrates, good functional group compatibility, mild reaction conditions, high efficiency and selectivity, and excellent atom-economy. In addition, the value of this protocol is underlined by its ready scalability and divergent derivation of products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Cai
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xia Song
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Qiuhui Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xuesen Fan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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Lanthanoid-containing polyoxometalate nanocatalysts in the synthesis of bioactive isatin-based compounds. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12004. [PMID: 35835941 PMCID: PMC9283471 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16384-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Lanthanoid-containing polyoxometalates (Ln-POMs) have been developed as effective and robust catalysts due to their Lewis acid–base active sites including the oxygen-enriched surfaces of POM and the unique 4f. electron configuration of Ln. As an extension of our interest in Ln-POMs, a series of as-synthesized nanocatalysts K15[Ln(BW11O39)2] (Ln-B2W22, Ln = La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Gd, and Er) synthesized and fully characterized using different techniques. The Ln3+ ion with a big ionic radius was chosen as the Lewis acid center which is sandwiched by two mono-lacunary Keggin [BW11O39]9− units to form Ln-containing sandwiched type cluster. Consequently, the catalytic activity of nanocatalysts with different Ln was examined in the synthesis of bioactive isatin derivatives and compared under the same optimized reaction conditions in terms of yields of obtained products, indicating the superiority of the nano-Gd-B2W22 in the aforementioned simple one-pot reaction. The effects of different dosages of nanocatalyst, type of solvent, reaction time, and reaction temperature in this catalytic system were investigated and the best results were obtained in the presence of 10 mol% of nano-Gd-B2W22 in water for 12 min at the reflux condition.
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Wang J, Chen J, Tian R, Duan Z. Activation of CS 2 with the 2 H-Phosphindole Complex to Construct P,S-Polycycles. Org Lett 2022; 24:6117-6121. [PMID: 35796494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The activation of CS2 by the 2H-phosphindole complex with a low-coordinate phosphadiene moiety is reported. The successive hetero-Diels-Alder reaction between 2H-phosphindoles and CS2 constructs two bridged rings and one spirocycle simultaneously, affording structurally complex P,S-polycyclic products. The two 2H-phosphindoles approach the C═S bond in a head-to-head disposition to minimize steric hindrance. This work reveals the unique reactivity of low-coordinate organophosphorus species and their potential applications in small molecule activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjian Wang
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, International Joint Research Laboratory for Functional Organophosphorus Materials of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Jingrong Chen
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, International Joint Research Laboratory for Functional Organophosphorus Materials of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Rongqiang Tian
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, International Joint Research Laboratory for Functional Organophosphorus Materials of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Duan
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, International Phosphorus Laboratory, International Joint Research Laboratory for Functional Organophosphorus Materials of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
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