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Vigna V, Cova TFGG, Nunes SCC, Pais AACC, Sicilia E. Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Reduction Potentials for Pt IV Complexes. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:3733-3743. [PMID: 38683970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.4c00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Some of the well-known drawbacks of clinically approved PtII complexes can be overcome using six-coordinate PtIV complexes as inert prodrugs, which release the corresponding four-coordinate active PtII species upon reduction by cellular reducing agents. Therefore, the key factor of PtIV prodrug mechanism of action is their tendency to be reduced which, when the involved mechanism is of outer-sphere type, is measured by the value of the reduction potential. Machine learning (ML) models can be used to effectively capture intricate relationships within PtIV complex data, leading to highly accurate predictions of reduction potentials and other properties, and offering significant insights into their electrochemical behavior and potential applications. In this study, a machine learning-based approach for predicting the reduction potentials of PtIV complexes based on relevant molecular descriptors is presented. Leveraging a data set of experimentally determined reduction potentials and a diverse range of molecular descriptors, the proposed model demonstrates remarkable predictive accuracy (MSE = 0.016 V2, RMSE = 0.13 V, R2 = 0.92). Ab initio calculations and a set of different machine learning algorithms and feature engineering techniques have been employed to systematically explore the relationship between molecular structure and similarity and reduction potential. Specifically, it has been investigated whether the reduction potential of these compounds can be described by combining ML models across different combinations of constitutional, topological, and electronic molecular descriptors. Our results not only provide insights into the crucial factors influencing reduction potentials but also offer a rapid and effective tool for the rational design of PtIV complexes with tailored electrochemical properties for pharmaceutical applications. This approach has the potential to significantly expedite the development and screening of novel PtIV prodrug candidates. The analysis of principal components and key features extracted from the model highlights the significance of structural descriptors of the 2D Atom Pairs type and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy. Specifically, with just 20 appropriately selected descriptors, a notable separation of complexes based on their reduction potential value is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vigna
- PROMOCS Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende87036,Italy
| | - T F G G Cova
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-535,Portugal
| | - S C C Nunes
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-535,Portugal
| | - A A C C Pais
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-535,Portugal
| | - E Sicilia
- PROMOCS Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende87036,Italy
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2
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Ravera M, Gabano E, McGlinchey MJ, Osella D. Pt(IV) antitumor prodrugs: dogmas, paradigms, and realities. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:2121-2134. [PMID: 35015025 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03886a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Platinum(II)-based drugs are widely used for the treatment of solid tumors, especially in combination protocols. Severe side effects and occurrence of resistance are the major limitations to their clinical use. To overcome these drawbacks, a plethora of Pt(IV) derivatives, acting as anticancer prodrugs, have been designed, synthesized and preclinically (often only in vitro) tested. Here, we summarize the recent progress in the development and understanding of the chemical properties and biochemical features of these Pt(IV) prodrugs, especially those containing bioactive molecules as axial ligands, acting as multi-functional agents. Even though no such prodrugs have been yet approved for clinical use, many show encouraging pharmacological profiles. Thus, a better understanding of their features is a promising approach towards improving the available Pt-based anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Ravera
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Michel 11, Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Gabano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Michel 11, Alessandria, Italy.
| | | | - Domenico Osella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Michel 11, Alessandria, Italy.
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3
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Shaili E, Romero MJ, Salassa L, Woods JA, Butler JS, Romero-Canelón I, Clarkson G, Habtemariam A, Sadler PJ, Farrer NJ. Platinum(IV)-azido monocarboxylato complexes are photocytotoxic under irradiation with visible light. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:10593-10607. [PMID: 34278398 PMCID: PMC8335519 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01730f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Complexes trans,trans,trans-[Pt(N3)2(OH)(OCOR)(py)2] where py = pyridine and where OCOR = succinate (1); 4-oxo-4-propoxybutanoate (2) and N-methylisatoate (3) have been synthesized by derivation of trans,trans,trans-[Pt(OH)2(N3)2(py)2] (4) and characterised by NMR and EPR spectroscopy, ESI-MS and X-ray crystallography. Irradiation of 1-3 with green (517 nm) light initiated photoreduction to Pt(ii) and release of the axial ligands at a 3-fold faster rate than for 4. TD-DFT calculations showed dissociative transitions at longer wavelengths for 1 compared to 4. Complexes 1 and 2 showed greater photocytotoxicity than 4 when irradiated with 420 nm light (A2780 cell line IC50 values: 2.7 and 3.7 μM) and complex 2 was particularly active towards the cisplatin-resistant cell line A2780cis (IC50 3.7 μM). Unlike 4, complexes 1-3 were phototoxic under green light irradiation (517 nm), with minimal toxicity in the dark. A pKa(H2O) of 5.13 for the free carboxylate group was determined for 1, corresponding to an overall negative charge during biological experiments, which crucially, did not appear to impede cellular accumulation and photocytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evyenia Shaili
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Marίa J Romero
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK. and Departamento de Didácticas Aplicadas, Facultade de Formación do Profesorado, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Luca Salassa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK. and Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, Donostia, 20018, Spain and Polimero eta Material Aurreratuak: Fisika, Kimika eta Teknologia, Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia, 20018, Spain and Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48011, Spain
| | - Julie A Woods
- Photobiology Unit, Department of Dermatology and Photobiology, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Jennifer S Butler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Isolda Romero-Canelón
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK. and School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Sir Robert Aitken Institute for Medical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Guy Clarkson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Abraha Habtemariam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Nicola J Farrer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK. and Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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4
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Ravera M, Gabano E, Zanellato I, Rangone B, Perin E, Ferrari B, Bottone MG, Osella D. Cis,cis,trans-[Pt IVCl 2(NH 3) 2(perillato) 2], a dual-action prodrug with excellent cytotoxic and antimetastatic activity. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:3161-3177. [PMID: 33595015 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt04051g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Two Pt(iv) conjugates containing one or two molecules of perillic acid (4-isopropenylcyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid), an active metabolite of limonene, were synthesized both with traditional and microwave-assisted methods and characterized. Their antiproliferative activity was tested on a panel of human tumor cell lines. In particular, cis,cis,trans-[PtIVCl2(NH3)2(perillato)2] exhibited excellent antiproliferative and antimetastatic activity on A-549 lung tumor cells at nanomolar concentrations. A number of in vitro biological tests were performed to decipher some aspects of its mechanism of action, including transwell migration and invasion as well as wound healing assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Ravera
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
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5
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Corinti D, Crestoni ME, Fornarini S, Dabbish E, Sicilia E, Gabano E, Perin E, Osella D. A multi-methodological inquiry of the behavior of cisplatin-based Pt(IV) derivatives in the presence of bioreductants with a focus on the isolated encounter complexes. J Biol Inorg Chem 2020; 25:655-670. [PMID: 32296997 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-020-01789-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The study of Pt(IV) antitumor prodrugs able to circumvent some drawbacks of the conventional Pt(II) chemotherapeutics is the focus of a lot of attention. This paper reports a thorough study based on experimental methods (reduction kinetics, electrochemistry, tandem mass spectrometry and IR ion spectroscopy) and quantum-mechanical DFT calculations on the reduction mechanism of cisplatin-based Pt(IV) derivatives having two hydroxido (1), one hydroxido and one acetato (2), or two acetato ligands (3) in axial position. The biological reductants glutathione and ascorbic acid were taken into consideration. The presence of a hydroxido ligand resulted to play an important role in the chemical reduction with ascorbic acid, as verified by 15N-NMR kinetic analysis using 15N-enriched complexes. The reactivity trend (1 > 2 > 3) does not reflect the respective reduction peak potentials (1 < 2 < 3), an inverse relationship already documented in similar systems. Turning to a simplified environment, the Pt(IV) complexes associated with a single reductant molecule (corresponding to the encounter complex occurring along the reaction coordinate in bimolecular reactions in solution) were characterized by IR ion spectroscopy and sampled for their reactivity under collision-induced dissociation (CID) conditions. The complexes display a comparable reduction reactivity ordering as that observed in solution. DFT calculations of the free energy pathways for the observed fragmentation reactions provide theoretical support for the CID patterns and the mechanistic hypotheses on the reduction process are corroborated by the observed reaction paths. The bulk of these data offers a clue of the intricate pathways occurring in solution.Graphic abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Corinti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Elisa Crestoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Simonetta Fornarini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Eslam Dabbish
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Università della Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci Cubo 14c, 87035, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Emilia Sicilia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Università della Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci Cubo 14c, 87035, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gabano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Elena Perin
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Domenico Osella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
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6
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Tan MX, Wang ZF, Qin QP, Zou BQ, Liang H. Complexes of oxoplatin with rhein and ferulic acid ligands as platinum(iv) prodrugs with high anti-tumor activity. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:1613-1619. [PMID: 31942585 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04594e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We herein designed two new PtIV prodrugs of oxoplatin (cis,cis,cis-[PtCl2(NH3)2(OH)2]), [PtIVCl2(NH3)2(O2C-FA)2] (Pt-2) and [PtIVCl2(NH3)2(O2C-RH)2] (Pt-3), by conjugating with ferulic acid (FA-COOH) and rhein (RH-COOH) which have well-known biological activities. Three other Pt(iv) complexes of [PtIVCl2(NH3)2(O2C-BA)2] (Pt-1), [PtIVCl2(NH3)2(O2C-CA)2] (Pt-4) and [PtIVCl2(NH3)2(O2C-TCA)2] (Pt-5) (where BA-COOH = benzoic acid, CA-COOH = crotonic acid and TCA-COOH = trans-cinnamic acid) were also prepared for the comparative study. Like most PtIV prodrug complexes, the cytotoxicity of Pt-3 containing the biologically active rhein (RH-COOH) ligand against lung carcinoma (A549 and A549/DDP) cells was higher than those of Pt-1, Pt-2, Pt-4, cisplatin and Pt-5. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of Pt-3 in HL-7702 normal cells was lower than those of PtIV derivatives bearing BA-COOH, FA-COOH, TCA-COOH and CA-COOH ligands. The highly efficacious Pt-2 and Pt-3 were found to accumulate strongly in the A549/DDP cells, with the prodrug Pt-3 showing highest levels of penetration into the mitochondria. The prodrug Pt-3 effectively entered the A549/DDP cells and caused mitochondrial damage, significantly greater than Pt-2. In addition, the prodrug Pt-3 exhibited higher antitumor efficacy (inhibition rates (IR) = 67.45%) than Pt-2 (28.12%) and cisplatin (33.05%) in the A549/DDP xenograft mouse model. Thus, the prodrug Pt-3 containing the rhein (RH-COOH) ligand is a promising candidate drug targeting the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xiong Tan
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China.
| | - Zhen-Feng Wang
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China.
| | - Qi-Pin Qin
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China. and State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China.
| | - Bi-Qun Zou
- Department of Chemistry, Guilin Normal College, 9 Feihu Road, Gulin 541001, China.
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China.
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7
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Shaili E, Salassa L, Woods JA, Clarkson G, Sadler PJ, Farrer NJ. Platinum(iv) dihydroxido diazido N-(heterocyclic)imine complexes are potently photocytotoxic when irradiated with visible light. Chem Sci 2019; 10:8610-8617. [PMID: 31803436 PMCID: PMC6844273 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02644d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of trans-di-(N-heterocyclic)imine dihydroxido diazido PtIV complexes of the form trans,trans,trans-[Pt(N3)2(OH)2(L1)(L2)] where L = pyridine, 2-picoline, 3-picoline, 4-picoline, thiazole and 1-methylimidazole have been synthesised and characterised, and their photochemical and photobiological activity evaluated. Notably, complexes 19 (L1 = py, L2 = 3-pic) and 26 (L1 = L2 = 4-pic) were potently phototoxic following irradiation with visible light (420 nm), with IC50 values of 4.0 μM and 2.1 μM respectively (A2780 cancer cell line), demonstrating greater potency than the previously reported complex 1 (L1 = L2 = py; 6.7 μM); whilst also being minimally toxic in the absence of irradiation. Complexes with mixed N-(heterocyclic)imine ligands 19 and 20 (L1 = py, L2 = 4-pic) were particularly photocytotoxic towards cisplatin resistant (A2780cis) cell lines. Complex 18 (L1 = py, L2 = 2-pic) was comparatively less photocytotoxic (IC50 value 14.5 μM) than the other complexes, despite demonstrating the greatest absorbance at the irradiation wavelength and the fastest half-life for loss of the N3 → Pt LMCT transition upon irradiation (λ irr = 463 nm) in aqueous solution. Complex 29 (X1 = X2 = thiazole) although potently phototoxic (2.4 μM), was also toxic towards cells in the absence of irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evyenia Shaili
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK
| | - Luca Salassa
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK
| | - Julie A Woods
- Photobiology Unit , Department of Dermatology and Photobiology , Ninewells Hospital , Dundee , DD1 9SY , UK
| | - Guy Clarkson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK
| | - Nicola J Farrer
- Chemistry Research Laboratory , University of Oxford , 12 Mansfield Road , Oxford , OX1 3TA , UK . ; ; Tel: +44 (0)1865 285131
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8
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Corinti D, Crestoni ME, Fornarini S, Ponte F, Russo N, Sicilia E, Gabano E, Osella D. Elusive Intermediates in the Breakdown Reactivity Patterns of Prodrug Platinum(IV) Complexes. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:1881-1894. [PMID: 30980381 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02186-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Kinetically inert platinum(IV) complexes are receiving growing attention as promising candidates in the effort to develop safe and valid alternatives to classical square-planar Pt(II) complexes currently used in antineoplastic therapy. Their antiproliferative activity requires intracellular Pt(IV)-Pt(II) reduction (activation by reduction). In the present work, a set of five Pt(IV) complexes has been assayed using mass spectrometry-based techniques, i.e., collision-induced dissociation (CID), and IR multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy, together with ab initio theoretical investigations. Breakdown and reduction mechanisms are observed that lead to Pt(II) species. Evidence is found for typically transient Pt(III) intermediates along the dissociation paths of isolated, negatively charged (electron-rich) Pt(IV) prodrug complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Corinti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Elisa Crestoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Simonetta Fornarini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Fortuna Ponte
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Università della Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci Cubo 14c, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Nino Russo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Università della Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci Cubo 14c, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Emilia Sicilia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Università della Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci Cubo 14c, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Gabano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Domenico Osella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy.
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9
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Malik-Gajewska M, Trynda J, Zierkiewicz W, Helios K, Latajka R, Wietrzyk J, Michalska D. Picoplatin-based complexes with the bioactive orotate and 5-fluoroorotate ligands: Synthesis, DFT calculations, structure, spectroscopic characterization and in vitro cytotoxicity. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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10
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Petrella F, Rimoldi I, Facchetti G, Spaggiari L. Novel platinum agents and mesenchymal stromal cells for thoracic malignancies: state of the art and future perspectives. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2018; 28:813-821. [PMID: 30246568 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2018.1528234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-small cell lung cancer and malignant pleural mesothelioma represent two of the most intriguing and scrutinized thoracic malignancies, presenting interesting perspectives of experimental development and clinical applications. AREAS COVERED In advanced non-small cell lung cancer, molecular targeted therapy is the standard first-line treatment for patients with identified driver mutations; on the other hand, chemotherapy is the standard treatment for patients without EGFR mutations or ALK rearrangement or those with unknown mutation status. Once considered an ineffective therapy in pulmonary neoplasms, immunotherapy has been now established as one of the most promising therapeutic options. Mesenchymal stromal cells are able to migrate specifically toward solid neoplasms and their metastatic localizations when injected intravenously. This peculiar cancer tropism has opened up an emerging field to use them as vectors to deliver antineoplastic drugs for targeted therapies. EXPERT OPINION Molecular targeted therapy and immunotherapy are the new alternatives to standard chemotherapy. Mesenchymal stromal cells are a new promising tool in oncology and-although not yet utilized in the clinical practice, we think they will represent another main tool for cancer therapy and will probably play a leading role in the field of nanovectors and molecular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Petrella
- a Department of Thoracic Surgery , European Institute of Oncology , Milan , Italy.,b Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Isabella Rimoldi
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Giorgio Facchetti
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spaggiari
- a Department of Thoracic Surgery , European Institute of Oncology , Milan , Italy.,b Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
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11
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Ponte F, Russo N, Sicilia E. Insights from Computations on the Mechanism of Reduction by Ascorbic Acid of PtIV
Prodrugs with Asplatin and Its Chlorido and Bromido Analogues as Model Systems. Chemistry 2018; 24:9572-9580. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fortuna Ponte
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies; Università della Calabria; Ponte P. Bucci Cubo 14 c 87035 Arcavacata di Rende CS Italy
| | - Nino Russo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies; Università della Calabria; Ponte P. Bucci Cubo 14 c 87035 Arcavacata di Rende CS Italy
| | - Emilia Sicilia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies; Università della Calabria; Ponte P. Bucci Cubo 14 c 87035 Arcavacata di Rende CS Italy
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12
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Šebesta F, Burda JV. Interactions of Ascorbic Acid with Satraplatin and its trans
Analog JM576: DFT Computational Study. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201701334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Šebesta
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics; Faculty of Mathematics and Physics; Charles University; Ke Karlovu 3 121 16 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav V. Burda
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics; Faculty of Mathematics and Physics; Charles University; Ke Karlovu 3 121 16 Prague 2 Czech Republic
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13
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Reduction of platinum(IV) prodrug model complex trans-[PtCl2(CN)4]2− by a peptide containing cysteine and methionine groups: HPLC and MS studies. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.12.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Šebesta F, Baxová K, Burda JV. Redox Potentials for Tetraplatin, Satraplatin, Its Derivatives, and Ascorbic Acid: A Computational Study. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:951-962. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Šebesta
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics,
Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu
3, 121 16 Prague
2, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Baxová
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics,
Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu
3, 121 16 Prague
2, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav V. Burda
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics,
Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu
3, 121 16 Prague
2, Czech Republic
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15
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Abstract
In this manuscript we focus on Pt(iv) anticancer prodrugs. We explore the main working hypotheses for the design of effective Pt(iv) prodrugs and note the exceptions to the common assumptions that are prevalent in the field. Special attention was devoted to the emerging class of "dual action" Pt(iv) prodrugs, where bioactive ligands are conjugated to the axial positions of platinum in order to obtain orthogonal or complementary effects that will increase the efficacy of killing the cancer cells. We discuss the rationale behind the design of the "dual action" prodrugs and the results of the pharmacological studies obtained. Simultaneous release of two bioactive moieties inside the cancer cells often triggers several processes that together determine the fate of the cell. Pt(iv) complexes provide many opportunities for applying new concepts in targeting, synergistic cell killing and exploiting novel nanodelivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Gibson
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
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16
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Ravera M, Gabano E, Zanellato I, Fregonese F, Pelosi G, Platts JA, Osella D. Antiproliferative activity of a series of cisplatin-based Pt(IV)-acetylamido/carboxylato prodrugs. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:5300-9. [PMID: 26903367 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt04905a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We report studies of a novel series of Pt(IV) complexes exhibiting an asymmetric combination of acetylamido and carboxylato ligands in the axial positions. We demonstrate efficient synthesis of a series of analogues, differing in the alkyl chain length and hence lipophilicity, from a stable acetylamido/hydroxido complex formed by reaction of cisplatin with peroxyacetimidic acid (PAIA). NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography confirm the identity of the resulting complexes, and highlight subtle differences in the structure and stability of acetylamido complexes compared to the equivalent acetato complexes. Reduction of acetylamido complexes, whether achieved chemically or electro-chemically, is significantly more difficult than that of acetate complexes, resulting in lower antiproliferative activity for shorter-chain complexes. For those with longer chains and hence greater cell uptake, this difference is negated and acetylamido complexes are as active as acetato analogues, both exhibiting antiproliferative potency (1/IC50) against A2780 ovarian cancer cells similar to that of cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Ravera
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Gabano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Zanellato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Federico Fregonese
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Pelosi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - James A Platts
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Domenico Osella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
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Barnes JC, Bruno PM, Nguyen HVT, Liao L, Liu J, Hemann MT, Johnson JA. Using an RNAi Signature Assay To Guide the Design of Three-Drug-Conjugated Nanoparticles with Validated Mechanisms, In Vivo Efficacy, and Low Toxicity. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:12494-501. [PMID: 27626288 PMCID: PMC5597434 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b06321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Single-nanoparticle (NP) combination chemotherapeutics are quickly emerging as attractive alternatives to traditional chemotherapy due to their ability to increase drug solubility, reduce off-target toxicity, enhance blood circulation lifetime, and increase the amount of drug delivered to tumors. In the case of NP-bound drugs, that is, NP-prodrugs, the current standard of practice is to assume that the subcellular mechanism of action for each drug released from the NP mirrors that of the unbound, free-drug. Here, we use an RNAi signature assay for the first time to examine the mechanism of action of multidrug-conjugated NP prodrugs relative to their small molecule prodrugs and native drug mechanisms of action. Additionally, the effective additive contribution of three different drugs in a single-NP platform is characterized. The results indicate that some platinum(IV) cisplatin prodrugs, although cytotoxic, may not have the expected mechanism of action for cisplatin. This insight was utilized to develop a novel platinum(IV) oxaliplatin prodrug and incorporate it into a three-drug-conjugated NP, where each drug's mechanism of action is preserved, to treat tumor-bearing mice with otherwise lethal levels of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C. Barnes
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Peter M. Bruno
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hung V.-T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Longyan Liao
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jenny Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael T. Hemann
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeremiah A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Tolan D, Gandin V, Morrison L, El-Nahas A, Marzano C, Montagner D, Erxleben A. Oxidative Stress Induced by Pt(IV) Pro-drugs Based on the Cisplatin Scaffold and Indole Carboxylic Acids in Axial Position. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29367. [PMID: 27404565 PMCID: PMC4941645 DOI: 10.1038/srep29367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of Pt(IV) complexes as pro-drugs that are activated by intracellular reduction is a widely investigated approach to overcome the limitations of Pt(II) anticancer agents. A series of ten mono- and bis-carboxylated Pt(IV) complexes with axial indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) ligands were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, ESI-MS, FT-IR, (1)H and (195)Pt NMR spectroscopy. Cellular uptake, DNA platination and cytotoxicity against a panel of human tumor cell lines were evaluated. All the complexes are able to overcome cisplatin-resistance and the most potent complex, cis,cis,trans-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2(IPA)(OH)] was on average three times more active than cisplatin. Mechanistic studies revealed that the trend in cytotoxicity of the Pt(IV) complexes is primarily consistent with their ability to accumulate into cancer cells and to increase intracellular basal reactive oxygen species levels, which in turn results in the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis induction. The role of the indole acid ligand as a redox modulator is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Tolan
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, El-Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Valentina Gandin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Liam Morrison
- Earth and Ocean Sciences, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ahmed El-Nahas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, El-Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Cristina Marzano
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Diego Montagner
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,Department of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Andrea Erxleben
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Thiabaud G, McCall R, He G, Arambula JF, Siddik ZH, Sessler JL. Activation of Platinum(IV) Prodrugs By Motexafin Gadolinium as a Redox Mediator. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201604236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Thiabaud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Austin; 105 E. 24th St. Stop A5300 Austin TX 78712-1224 USA
| | - Rebecca McCall
- Department of Chemistry; Georgia Southern University; Statesboro GA 30460 USA
| | - Guangan He
- The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center; 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit Number: 1950 Houston TX 77030 USA
| | | | - Zahid H. Siddik
- The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center; 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit Number: 1950 Houston TX 77030 USA
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Texas at Austin; 105 E. 24th St. Stop A5300 Austin TX 78712-1224 USA
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20
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Thiabaud G, McCall R, He G, Arambula JF, Siddik ZH, Sessler JL. Activation of Platinum(IV) Prodrugs By Motexafin Gadolinium as a Redox Mediator. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:12626-31. [PMID: 27377046 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble platinum(IV) prodrugs, which proved kinetically stable to reduction in the presence of physiological concentration of ascorbate, were quickly reduced to their active form, oxaliplatin, when co-incubated with a macrocycle metallotexaphyrin (i.e., Motexafin Gadolinium (MGd)). The reduction of Pt(IV) to Pt(II) promoted by MGd occurs in cell culture as well, leading to an increase in the antiproliferative activity of the Pt(IV) species in question. The mediated effect is proportional to the concentration of MGd and gives rise to an enhancement when the prodrug is relatively hydrophilic. MGd is known to localize/accumulate preferentially in tumor tissues. Thus, the present "activation by reduction" approach may allow for the cancer-selective enhancement in the cytotoxicity of Pt(IV) prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Thiabaud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th St. Stop A5300, Austin, TX, 78712-1224, USA
| | - Rebecca McCall
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, 30460, USA
| | - Guangan He
- The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit Number: 1950, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jonathan F Arambula
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, 30460, USA
| | - Zahid H Siddik
- The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit Number: 1950, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th St. Stop A5300, Austin, TX, 78712-1224, USA.
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21
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Miles BA, Patterson AE, Vogels CM, Decken A, Waller JC, Morin PJ, Westcott SA. Synthesis, characterization, and anticancer activities of lipophilic pyridinecarboxaldimine platinum(II) complexes. Polyhedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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22
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Functional fluorescent nonporous silica nanoparticles as carriers for Pt(IV) anticancer prodrugs. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 151:132-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Han X, Sun J, Wang Y, He Z. Recent Advances in Platinum (IV) Complex-Based Delivery Systems to Improve Platinum (II) Anticancer Therapy. Med Res Rev 2015; 35:1268-99. [PMID: 26280923 DOI: 10.1002/med.21360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin and its platinum (Pt) (II) derivatives play a key role in the fight against various human cancers such as testicular, ovarian, head and neck, lung tumors. However, their application in clinic is limited due to dose- dependent toxicities and acquired drug resistances, which have prompted extensive research effort toward the development of more effective Pt (II) delivery strategies. The synthesis of Pt (IV) complex is one such an area of intense research fields, which involves their in vivo conversion into active Pt (II) molecules under the reducing intracellular environment, and has demonstrated encouraging preclinical and clinical outcomes. Compared with Pt (II) complexes, Pt (IV) complexes not only exhibit an increased stability and reduced side effects, but also facilitate the intravenous-to-oral switch in cancer chemotherapy. The overview briefly analyzes statuses of Pt (II) complex that are in clinical use, and then focuses on the development of Pt (IV) complexes. Finally, recent advances in Pt (IV) complexes in combination with nanocarriers are highlighted, addressing the shortcomings of Pt (IV) complexes, such as their instability in blood and irreversibly binding to plasma proteins and nonspecific distribution, and taking advantage of passive and active targeting effect to improve Pt (II) anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jin Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China.,Municipal Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Zhonggui He
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
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24
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Massaguer A, González-Cantó A, Escribano E, Barrabés S, Artigas G, Moreno V, Marchán V. Integrin-targeted delivery into cancer cells of a Pt(IV) pro-drug through conjugation to RGD-containing peptides. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:202-12. [PMID: 25369773 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02710h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conjugates of a Pt(IV) derivative of picoplatin with monomeric (Pt-c(RGDfK), 5) and tetrameric (Pt-RAFT-{c(RGDfK)}4, 6) RGD-containing peptides were synthesized with the aim of exploiting their selectivity and high affinity for αVβ3 and αVβ5 integrins for targeted delivery of this anticancer metallodrug to tumor cells overexpressing these receptors. Solid- and solution-phase approaches in combination with click chemistry were used for the preparation of the conjugates, which were characterized by high resolution ESI MS and NMR. αVβ3 and αVβ5 integrin expression was evaluated in a broad panel of human cancer and non-malignant cells. SK-MEL-28 melanoma cells were selected based on the high expression levels of both integrins, while CAPAN-1 pancreatic cancer cells and 1BR3G fibroblasts were selected as the negative control. Internalization experiments revealed a good correlation between integrin expression and the cellular uptake of the corresponding fluorescein-labeled peptides and that the internalization capacity of the tetrameric RGD-containing peptide was considerably higher than that of the monomeric one. Cytotoxic experiments indicated that the antitumor activity of picoplatin in melanoma cells was increased by 2.6-fold when its Pt(IV) derivative was conjugated to c(RGDfK) (IC50 = 12.8 ± 2.1 μM) and by 20-fold when conjugated to RAFT-{c(RGDfK)}4 (IC50 = 1.7 ± 0.6 μM). In contrast, the cytotoxicity of the conjugates was inhibited in control cells lacking αVβ3 and αVβ5 integrin expression. Finally, cellular uptake studies by ICP-MS confirmed a good correlation between the levels of expression of integrins, intracellular platinum accumulation and antitumor activity. Indeed, accumulation and cytotoxicity were much higher in SK-MEL-28 cells than in CAPAN-1, being particularly higher in the case of the tetrameric conjugate. The overall results highlight that the great ability of RAFT-{c(RGDfK)}4 to bind to and to be internalized by integrins overexpressed in SK-MEL-28 cells results in higher accumulation of the Pt(IV) complex, leading to a high antitumor activity. These studies provide new insights into the potential of targeting αVβ3 and αVβ5 integrins with Pt(IV) anticancer pro-drugs conjugated to tumor-targeting devices based on RGD-containing peptides, particularly on how multivalency can improve both the selectivity and potency of such metallodrugs by increasing cellular accumulation in tumor tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Massaguer
- Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Spain.
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Ravera M, Gabano E, Bianco S, Ermondi G, Caron G, Vallaro M, Pelosi G, Zanellato I, Bonarrigo I, Cassino C, Osella D. Host–guest inclusion systems of Pt(IV)-bis(benzoato) anticancer drug candidates and cyclodextrins. Inorganica Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2015.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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26
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Ravera M, Gabano E, Zanellato I, Bonarrigo I, Alessio M, Arnesano F, Galliani A, Natile G, Osella D. Cellular trafficking, accumulation and DNA platination of a series of cisplatin-based dicarboxylato Pt(IV) prodrugs. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 150:1-8. [PMID: 26042542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A series of Pt(IV) anticancer prodrug candidates, having the equatorial arrangement of cisplatin and bearing two aliphatic carboxylato axial ligands, has been investigated to prove the relationship between lipophilicity, cellular accumulation, DNA platination and antiproliferative activity on the cisplatin-sensitive A2780 ovarian cancer cell line. Unlike cisplatin, no facilitated influx/efflux mechanism appears to operate in the case of the Pt(IV) complexes under investigation, thus indicating that they enter by passive diffusion. While Pt(IV) complexes having lipophilicity comparable to that of cisplatin (negative values of log Po/w) exhibit a cellular accumulation similar to that of cisplatin, the most lipophilic complexes of the series show much higher cellular accumulation (stemming from enhanced passive diffusion), accompanied by greater DNA platination and cell growth inhibition. Even if the Pt(IV) complexes are removed from the culture medium in the recovery process, the level of DNA platination remains very high and persistent in time, indicating efficient storing of the complexes and poor detoxification efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Ravera
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gabano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zanellato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bonarrigo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Manuela Alessio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Fabio Arnesano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Galliani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Natile
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Osella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
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Ravera M, Gabano E, Pelosi G, Fregonese F, Tinello S, Osella D. A new entry to asymmetric platinum(IV) complexes via oxidative chlorination. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:9326-35. [PMID: 25121398 DOI: 10.1021/ic501446b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pt(IV) complexes are usually prepared by oxidation of the corresponding Pt(II) counterparts, typically using hydrogen peroxide or chlorine. A different way to synthesize asymmetrical Pt(IV) compounds is the oxidative chlorination of Pt(II) counterparts with N-chlorosuccinimide. The reaction between cisplatin cis-[PtCl2(NH3)2], carboplatin, cis-[PtCl2(dach)] and cis-[Pt(cbdc)(dach)] (cbdc = cyclobutane-1,1'-dicarboxylato; dach = cyclohexane-1R,2R-diamine) with N-chlorosuccinimide in ethane-1,2-diol was optimized to produce the asymmetric Pt(IV) octahedral complexes [PtA2Cl(glyc)X2] (A2 = 2 NH3 or dach; glyc = 2-hydroxyethanolato; X2 = 2 Cl or cbdc) in high yield and purity. The X-ray crystal structure of the [Pt(cbdc)Cl(dach)(glyc)] complex is also reported. Moreover, the oxidation method proved to be versatile enough to produce other mixed Pt(IV) derivatives varying the reaction medium. The two trichlorido complexes easily undergo a pH-dependent hydrolysis reaction, whereas the dicarboxylato compounds are stable enough to allow further coupling reactions for drug targeting and delivery via the glyc reactive pendant. Therefore, the coupling reaction between the [Pt(cbdc)Cl(dach)(glyc)] and a model carboxylic acid, a model amine, and selectively protected amino acids is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Ravera
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro" , Viale T. Michel 11, I-15121 Alessandria, Italy
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28
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Malik M, Wysokiński R, Zierkiewicz W, Helios K, Michalska D. Raman and Infrared Spectroscopy, DFT Calculations, and Vibrational Assignment of the Anticancer Agent Picoplatin: Performance of Long-Range Corrected/Hybrid Functionals for a Platinum(II) Complex. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:6922-34. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5056254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Malik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Smoluchowskiego 23, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Rafał Wysokiński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Smoluchowskiego 23, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wiktor Zierkiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Smoluchowskiego 23, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Helios
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Smoluchowskiego 23, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Danuta Michalska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Smoluchowskiego 23, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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Zanellato I, Bonarrigo I, Colangelo D, Gabano E, Ravera M, Alessio M, Osella D. Biological activity of a series of cisplatin-based aliphatic bis(carboxylato) Pt(IV) prodrugs: how long the organic chain should be? J Inorg Biochem 2014; 140:219-27. [PMID: 25171667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The biological properties of a series of cisplatin-based Pt(IV) prodrug candidates, namely trans,cis,cis-[Pt(carboxylato)2Cl2(NH3)2], where carboxylato=CH3(CH2)nCOO(-) [(1), n=0; (2), n=2; (3), n=4; (4), n=6] having a large interval of lipophilicity are discussed. The stability of the complexes was tested in different pH conditions (i.e. from 1.0 to 9.0) to simulate the hypothetical conditions for an oral route of administration, showing a high stability (>90%). The transformation into their active Pt(II) metabolites was demonstrated in the presence of ascorbic acid, with a pseudo-first order kinetics, the half-time of which smoothly decreases as the chain length of carboxylic acid increases. Their antiproliferative activity has been evaluated in vitro on a large panel of human cancer cell lines. As expected, the potency increases with the chain length: 3 and 4 resulted by far more active than cisplatin on all cell lines of about one or two orders of magnitude, respectively. Both complexes retained their activity also on cisplatin-resistant cell line, and exhibited a progressive increase of the selectivity compared with non-tumor cells. These results were confirmed with more prolonged treatment (up to 14days) studied on multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs). In this case the Pt(IV) complexes exert a protracted antiproliferative action, even if the drug is removed from the culture medium. Finally, in a time-course experiment of the total platinum evaluation in mice blood (after a single oral administration of the title complexes), 2 gave the best results, representing a good compromise between lipophilicity and water solubility, that increase and decrease respectively on passing from 1 to 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Zanellato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bonarrigo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Donato Colangelo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gabano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Mauro Ravera
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Manuela Alessio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Domenico Osella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
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Gabano E, Ravera M, Osella D. Pros and cons of bifunctional platinum(IV) antitumor prodrugs: two are (not always) better than one. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:9813-20. [PMID: 24874896 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00911h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This article evaluates the efficacy and applicability of bifunctional prodrugs consisting of a six-coordinate Pt(iv) octahedral core and one or more bioactive molecules. The platinum(iv) complexes release upon reduction the corresponding cytotoxic Pt(ii) agents and the bioactive molecules, able to inhibit some biochemical mechanisms of cancer growth and/or prevent the deactivation of the Pt(ii) metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Gabano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
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Metal-based anticancer chemotherapeutic agents. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2014; 19:144-53. [PMID: 24608084 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the cisplatin antitumor activity, great efforts have focused on the rational design of metal-based anticancer agents that can be potentially used in cancer chemotherapy. Over the last four decades, a large number of metal complexes have been extensively investigated and evaluated in vitro and in vivo, and some of them were at different stages of clinical studies. Amongst these complexes, platinum (Pt(II) and Pt(IV)), ruthenium (Ru(II) and Ru(III)), gold (Au(I) and Au(III)) and titanium (Ti(IV)) complexes are the most studied metals. We describe here some most recent progresses on Pt(IV) prodrugs which can be activated once enter tumor cells, polynuclear Pt(II) complexes which have unique DNA binding ability and mode, anti-metastatic Ru(II)/Ru(III) complexes, and Au(I)/Au(III) and Ti(IV) antitumor active complexes. The key focuses of these studies lie in finding novel metal complexes which could potentially overcome the hurdles of current clinical drugs including toxicity, resistance and other pharmacological deficiencies.
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Wilson JJ, Lippard SJ. Synthetic methods for the preparation of platinum anticancer complexes. Chem Rev 2013; 114:4470-95. [PMID: 24283498 DOI: 10.1021/cr4004314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 481] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin J Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Hamilton G, Olszewski U. Picoplatin pharmacokinetics and chemotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2013; 9:1381-90. [PMID: 23829480 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2013.815724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Picoplatin was developed as platinum coordination complex to overcome development of resistance, through conjugation to thioles, by the introduction of a methyl-pyridine moiety into the cisplatin parent structure. Pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug, after intravenous and oral application, were studied in solid tumors and clinical Phase I - III trials performed, in particular in NSCLC and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Results showed low clinical activity of picoplatin. AREAS COVERED This article presents an overview of the pharmacokinetic assessments of picoplatin in lung cancer. Specifically, the authors address the relationship between disposition and clinical activity of the drug. EXPERT OPINION Picoplatin failed to overcome resistance to platinum compounds in lung cancer to achieve significant improved survival of most patients. Even highest doses of the drug reaching 150 m/m² given intravenously every 3 weeks were not sufficient to achieve better response than existing chemotherapeutics and the oral bioavailability of a dose of 200 - 400 mg corresponded only to 80 mg/m² iv. Picoplatin therefore seem to be quite ineffective. Picoplatin is expected to overcome tumor resistance in cases which overexpress thiol-conjugating pathways; however, this was not proved in clinical trials. To conclude, this blocked platinum complex is not able to reverse cisplatin resistance to a significant extent in vivo and its mechanisms and kinetics and of DNA damage failed to produce significant clinical results compared to second-line standard therapy for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Hamilton
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster of Translational Oncology , c/o Balderichgasse 26/13, A-1170 Vienna , Austria +43 1 40400 6627 ; +43 1 40400 6627 ;
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Zanellato I, Bonarrigo I, Gabano E, Ravera M, Margiotta N, Betta PG, Osella D. Metallo-drugs in the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Inorganica Chim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Wexselblatt E, Gibson D. What do we know about the reduction of Pt(IV) pro-drugs? J Inorg Biochem 2012; 117:220-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2012.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 06/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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