1
|
Vimalanathan B, Vijaya JJ, Mary BCJ, Mary RN, Km M, Jayavel R, Abumousa RA, Bououdina M. The Cytotoxic Effectiveness of Thiourea-Reduced Graphene Oxide on Human Lung Cancer Cells and Fungi. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:149. [PMID: 36616058 PMCID: PMC9823875 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrated the effective reduction of graphene oxide (GO) by employing thiourea as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Two fungi (Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus) were used for anti-fungal assay. Cell viability, cell cycle analysis, DNA fragmentation, and cell morphology were assessed to determine the toxicity of thiourea-reduced graphene oxide (T-rGO) on human lung cancer cells. The results revealed that GO and T-rGO were hazardous to cells in a dose-dependent trend. The viability of both A. fumigatus and A. flavus was affected by GO and T-rGO. The reactive oxygen species produced by T-rGO caused the death of A. flavus and A. fumigatus cells. This study highlighted the effectiveness of T-rGO as an antifungal agent. In addition, T-rGO was found to be more harmful to cancer cells than GO. Thus, T-rGO manifested great potential in biological and biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Babu Vimalanathan
- Crystal Growth Centre, Anna University, Chennai 600025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J. Judith Vijaya
- Catalysis and Nanomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Loyola College, Chennai 600034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B. Carmel Jeeva Mary
- Catalysis and Nanomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Loyola College, Chennai 600034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ruby Nirmala Mary
- Crystal Growth Centre, Anna University, Chennai 600025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohamed Km
- Catalysis and Nanomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Loyola College, Chennai 600034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramasamy Jayavel
- Crystal Growth Centre, Anna University, Chennai 600025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rasha A. Abumousa
- Department of Mathematics and Sciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Bououdina
- Department of Mathematics and Sciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lombardi L, Kovtun A, Mantovani S, Bertuzzi G, Favaretto L, Bettini C, Palermo V, Melucci M, Bandini M. Visible-Light Assisted Covalent Surface Functionalization of Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanosheets with Arylazo Sulfones. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200333. [PMID: 35319124 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We present an environmentally benign methodology for the covalent functionalization (arylation) of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets with arylazo sulfones. A variety of tagged aryl units were conveniently accommodated at the rGO surface via visible-light irradiation of suspensions of carbon nanostructured materials in aqueous media. Mild reaction conditions, absence of photosensitizers, functional group tolerance and high atomic fractions (XPS analysis) represent some of the salient features characterizing the present methodology. Control experiments for the mechanistic elucidation (Raman analysis) and chemical nanomanipulation of the tagged rGO surfaces are also reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Lombardi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.,Center for Chemical Catalysis - C3, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Kovtun
- Istituto per la Sintesi e la Fotoreattività (ISOF) - CNR, Via Gobetti, 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Mantovani
- Istituto per la Sintesi e la Fotoreattività (ISOF) - CNR, Via Gobetti, 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulio Bertuzzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.,Center for Chemical Catalysis - C3, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Favaretto
- Istituto per la Sintesi e la Fotoreattività (ISOF) - CNR, Via Gobetti, 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristian Bettini
- Center for Chemical Catalysis - C3, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Palermo
- Istituto per la Sintesi e la Fotoreattività (ISOF) - CNR, Via Gobetti, 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Melucci
- Istituto per la Sintesi e la Fotoreattività (ISOF) - CNR, Via Gobetti, 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Bandini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.,Center for Chemical Catalysis - C3, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fabbri R, Saracino E, Treossi E, Zamboni R, Palermo V, Benfenati V. Graphene glial-interfaces: challenges and perspectives. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:4390-4407. [PMID: 33599662 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07824g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nanosheets are mechanically strong but flexible, electrically conductive and bio-compatible. Thus, due to these unique properties, they are being intensively studied as materials for the next generation of neural interfaces. Most of the literature focused on optimizing the interface between these materials and neurons. However, one of the most common causes of implant failure is the adverse inflammatory reaction of glial cells. These cells are not, as previously considered, just passive and supportive cells, but play a crucial role in the physiology and pathology of the nervous system, and in the interaction with implanted electrodes. Besides providing structural support to neurons, glia are responsible for the modulation of synaptic transmission and control of central and peripheral homeostasis. Accordingly, knowledge on the interaction between glia and biomaterials is essential to develop new implant-based therapies for the treatment of neurological disorders, such as epilepsy, brain tumours, and Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. This work provides an overview of the emerging literature on the interaction of graphene-based materials with glial cells, together with a complete description of the different types of glial cells and problems associated with them. We believe that this description will be important for researchers working in materials science and nanotechnology to develop new active materials to interface, measure and stimulate these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Fabbri
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (CNR-ISOF), via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ilnicka A, Kamedulski P, Aly HM, Lukaszewicz JP. Manufacture of activated carbons using Egyptian wood resources and its application in oligothiophene dye adsorption. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
5
|
Kamedulski P, Gauden PA, Lukaszewicz JP, Ilnicka A. Effective Synthesis of Carbon Hybrid Materials Containing Oligothiophene Dyes. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12203354. [PMID: 31618831 PMCID: PMC6829365 DOI: 10.3390/ma12203354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper shows the first study of the synthesis of hybrid materials consisting of commercial Norit carbons and oligothiophenes. The study presents the influence of surface oxidation on dye deposition as well as changes of pore structure and surface chemistry. The hybrid materials were characterised using Raman spectroscopy, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and HR-TEM, respectively). Confocal microscopy was employed to confirm the immobilization of oligomers on the surface of the carbons being investigated. Confocal microscopy measurements were additionally used to indicate whether dye molecules covered the entire surface of the selected commercial Norit samples. Specific surface area and pore structure parameters were determined by low-temperature nitrogen adsorption. Additionally, elemental content and surface chemistry were characterised by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and combustion elemental analysis. Experimental results confirmed that oligothiophene dyes were adsorbed onto the internal part of the investigated pores of the carbon materials. The pores were assumed to have a slit-like shape, a set of 82 local adsorption isotherms was modelled for pores from 0.465 nm to 224 nm. Further, XPS data showed promising qualitative results regarding the surface characteristics and chemical composition of the hybrid materials obtained (sulphur content ranged from 1.40 to 1.45 at%). It was shown that the surface chemistry of activated carbon plays a key role in the dye deposition process. High surface heterogeneity after hydrothermal oxidation did not improve dye adsorption due to specific interactions between surface oxygen moieties and local electric charges in the oligothiophene molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kamedulski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
| | - Piotr A Gauden
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
| | - Jerzy P Lukaszewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wilenska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
| | - Anna Ilnicka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Durso M, Borrachero-Conejo AI, Bettini C, Treossi E, Scidà A, Saracino E, Gazzano M, Christian M, Morandi V, Tuci G, Giambastiani G, Ottaviano L, Perrozzi F, Benfenati V, Melucci M, Palermo V. Biomimetic graphene for enhanced interaction with the external membrane of astrocytes. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:5335-5342. [PMID: 32254499 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01410h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Graphene and graphene substrates display huge potential as material interfaces for devices and biomedical tools targeting the modulation or recovery of brain functionality. However, to be considered reliable neural interfaces, graphene-derived substrates should properly interact with astrocytes, favoring their growth and avoiding adverse gliotic reactions. Indeed, astrocytes are the most abundant cells in the human brain and they have a crucial physiological role to maintain its homeostasis and modulate synaptic transmission. In this work, we describe a new strategy based on the chemical modification of graphene oxide (GO) with a synthetic phospholipid (PL) to improve interaction of GO with brain astroglial cells. The PL moieties were grafted on GO sheets through polymeric brushes obtained by atom-transfer radical-polymerization (ATRP) between acryloyl-modified PL and GO nanosheets modified with a bromide initiator. The adhesion of primary rat cortical astrocytes on GO-PL substrates increased by about three times with respect to that on glass substrates coated with standard adhesion agents (i.e. poly-d-lysine, PDL) as well as with respect to that on non-functionalized GO. Moreover, we show that astrocytes seeded on GO-PL did not display significant gliotic reactivity, indicating that the material interface did not cause a detrimental inflammatory reaction when interacting with astroglial cells. Our results indicate that the reported biomimetic approach could be applied to neural prosthesis to improve cell colonization and avoid glial scar formation in brain implants. Additionally, improved adhesion could be extremely relevant in devices targeting neural cell sensing/modulation of physiological activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Durso
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (CNR-ISOF), via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mangalath S, Abraham S, Joseph J. pH-Responsive Fluorescence Enhancement in Graphene Oxide-Naphthalimide Nanoconjugates: A Fluorescence Turn-On Sensor for Acetylcholine. Chemistry 2017. [PMID: 28621503 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A pH-sensitive, fluorescence "turn-on" sensor based on a graphene oxide-naphthalimide (GO-NI) nanoconjugate for the detection of acetylcholine (ACh) by monitoring the enzymatic activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in aqueous solution is reported. These nanoconjugates were synthesized by covalently anchoring picolyl-substituted NI derivatives on the GO/reduced GO surface through a 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide coupling strategy, and the morphological and photophysical properties were studied in detail. Synergistic effects of π-π interactions between GO and the NI chromophore, and efficient photoinduced electron- and energy-transfer processes, were responsible for the strong quenching of fluorescence of these nanoconjugates, which were perturbed under acidic pH conditions, leading to significant enhancement of fluorescence emission. This nanoconjugate was successfully employed for the efficient sensing of pH changes caused by the enzymatic activity of AChE, thereby demonstrating its utility as a fluorescence turn-on sensor for ACh in the neurophysiological range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sreejith Mangalath
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences, and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for, Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, Kerala, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, Kerala, India
| | - Silja Abraham
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences, and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for, Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, Kerala, India
| | - Joshy Joseph
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences, and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for, Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, Kerala, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kucki M, Rupper P, Sarrieu C, Melucci M, Treossi E, Schwarz A, León V, Kraegeloh A, Flahaut E, Vázquez E, Palermo V, Wick P. Interaction of graphene-related materials with human intestinal cells: an in vitro approach. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:8749-60. [PMID: 27064646 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00319b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-related materials (GRM) inherit unique combinations of physicochemical properties which offer a high potential for technological as well as biomedical applications. It is not clear which physicochemical properties are the most relevant factors influencing the behavior of GRM in complex biological environments. In this study we have focused on the interaction of GRM, especially graphene oxide (GO), and Caco-2 cells in vitro. We mimiked stomach transition by acid-treatment of two representative GRM followed by analysis of their physicochemical properties. No significant changes in the material properties or cell viability of exposed Caco-2 cells in respect to untreated GRM could be detected. Furthermore, we explored the interaction of four different GO and Caco-2 cells to identify relevant physicochemical properties for the establishment of a material property-biological response relationship. Despite close interaction with the cell surface and the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), no acute toxicity was found for any of the applied GO (concentration range 0-80 μg ml(-1)) after 24 h and 48 h exposure. Graphene nanoplatelet aggregates led to low acute toxicity at high concentrations, indicating that aggregation, the number of layers or the C/O ratio have a more pronounced effect on the cell viability than the lateral size alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Kucki
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Maaoui H, Kumar P, Kumar A, Pan GH, Chtourou R, Szunerits S, Boukherroub R, Jain SL. A Prussian blue/carbon dot nanocomposite as an efficient visible light active photocatalyst for C–H activation of amines. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2016; 15:1282-1288. [DOI: 10.1039/c6pp00203j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Prussian blue/carbon dot (PB/CD) nanocomposite was found to be a visible light active photocatalyst for the oxidative cyanation of tertiary amines using NaCN/AcOH as cyanide source and H2O2 as an oxidant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houcem Maaoui
- Institut d'Electronique
- de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN)
- UMR CNRS 8520
- 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq
- France
| | - Pawan Kumar
- CSIR Indian Institute of Petroleum
- Dehradun 248005
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Industrial Research (AcSIR)
- New Delhi
| | - Anurag Kumar
- CSIR Indian Institute of Petroleum
- Dehradun 248005
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Industrial Research (AcSIR)
- New Delhi
| | - Guo-Hui Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications
- Changchun Institute of Optics
- Fine Mechanics and Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130033
| | | | - Sabine Szunerits
- Institut d'Electronique
- de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN)
- UMR CNRS 8520
- 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq
- France
| | - Rabah Boukherroub
- Institut d'Electronique
- de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN)
- UMR CNRS 8520
- 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq
- France
| | - Suman L. Jain
- CSIR Indian Institute of Petroleum
- Dehradun 248005
- India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ferrari AC, Bonaccorso F, Fal'ko V, Novoselov KS, Roche S, Bøggild P, Borini S, Koppens FHL, Palermo V, Pugno N, Garrido JA, Sordan R, Bianco A, Ballerini L, Prato M, Lidorikis E, Kivioja J, Marinelli C, Ryhänen T, Morpurgo A, Coleman JN, Nicolosi V, Colombo L, Fert A, Garcia-Hernandez M, Bachtold A, Schneider GF, Guinea F, Dekker C, Barbone M, Sun Z, Galiotis C, Grigorenko AN, Konstantatos G, Kis A, Katsnelson M, Vandersypen L, Loiseau A, Morandi V, Neumaier D, Treossi E, Pellegrini V, Polini M, Tredicucci A, Williams GM, Hong BH, Ahn JH, Kim JM, Zirath H, van Wees BJ, van der Zant H, Occhipinti L, Di Matteo A, Kinloch IA, Seyller T, Quesnel E, Feng X, Teo K, Rupesinghe N, Hakonen P, Neil SRT, Tannock Q, Löfwander T, Kinaret J. Science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:4598-810. [PMID: 25707682 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr01600a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 976] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We present the science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems, targeting an evolution in technology, that might lead to impacts and benefits reaching into most areas of society. This roadmap was developed within the framework of the European Graphene Flagship and outlines the main targets and research areas as best understood at the start of this ambitious project. We provide an overview of the key aspects of graphene and related materials (GRMs), ranging from fundamental research challenges to a variety of applications in a large number of sectors, highlighting the steps necessary to take GRMs from a state of raw potential to a point where they might revolutionize multiple industries. We also define an extensive list of acronyms in an effort to standardize the nomenclature in this emerging field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Ferrari
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Perrozzi F, Prezioso S, Ottaviano L. Graphene oxide: from fundamentals to applications. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:013002. [PMID: 25419724 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/1/013002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the fundamental characterization of graphene oxide (GO) and its future application perspectives. Morphology is discussed through optical microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy studies. Chemical, structural, and vibrational properties are discussed through x-ray photoemission spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy studies. Two easy characterization strategies, based on the correlation between x-ray photoemission spectroscopy and contact angle/optical contrast measurements are reported. Sensing and nano-biotechnology applications are discussed with focus on practical gas sensing and optical sensing, on the one hand, and on the toxicity issue of GO, on the other hand. Synthesis and post-synthesis treatments are also discussed, these latter with emphasis on lithography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Perrozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Universitá dell'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Vempati S, Uyar T. Fluorescence from graphene oxide and the influence of ionic, π-π interactions and heterointerfaces: electron or energy transfer dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:21183-203. [PMID: 25197977 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03317e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
2D crystals such as graphene and its oxide counterpart have sought good research attention for their application as well as fundamental interest. Especially graphene oxide (GO) is quite interesting because of its versatility and diverse application potential. However the mechanism of fluorescence from GO is under severe discussion. To explain the emission in general two interpretations were suggested, viz localization of sp(2) clusters and involvement of oxygeneous functional groups. Despite this disagreement, it should be acknowledged that the heterogeneous atomic structure, synthesis dependent and uncontrollable implantation of oxygen functional groups on the basal plane make such explanations more difficult. Nevertheless, a suitable explanation enhances the applicability of the material which also enables the design of novel materials. At this juncture we believe that given the complexity in understanding the emission mechanism it would be very useful to review the literature. In this perspective we juxtapose various results related to fluorescence and influencing factors so that a conclusive interpretation may be unveiled. Apparently, the existing interpretations have largely ignored the factors such as self-rolling, byproduct formation etc. Vis-a-vis previous reviews did not discuss the interfacial charge transfer across heterostructures and the implication on the optical properties of GO or reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Such analysis would be very insightful to determine the energetic location of sub band gap states. Moreover, ionic and π-π type interactions are also considered for their influence on emission properties. Apart from these, quantum dots, covalent modifications and nonlinear optical properties of GO and rGO were discussed for completeness. Finally we made concluding remarks with outlook.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sesha Vempati
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey.
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tsoufis T, Katsaros F, Sideratou Z, Kooi BJ, Karakassides MA, Siozios A. Intercalation Study of Low-Molecular-Weight Hyperbranched Polyethyleneimine into Graphite Oxide. Chemistry 2014; 20:8129-37. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
14
|
Jurow M, Manichev V, Pabon C, Hageman B, Matolina Y, Drain CM. Self-organization of Zr(IV) porphyrinoids on graphene oxide surfaces by axial metal coordination. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:10576-82. [PMID: 24007316 DOI: 10.1021/ic401563f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The protruding oxophilic central metal ion of Zr(IV) porphyrinoids facilitates axial coordination to the oxygen bearing functional groups on graphene oxide (GO) surfaces to result in new supramolecular photonic materials with high dye loading especially on edges and large defects. The reaction proceeds at room temperature with GO dispersed in tetrahydrofuran and GO films on glass. Since the Zr(IV) serves as a conduit, the photophysical properties of the dye sensitized GO derive from both the axially bound chromophores and the GO substrate. Self-organization of metalloporphyrinoids on GO mediated by axial coordination of group (IV) metal ions allows for direct sensitization of graphene and graphenic materials without requiring covalent chemistries with poorly conducting linkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Jurow
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York , 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Demchenko AP, Dekaliuk MO. Novel fluorescent carbonic nanomaterials for sensing and imaging. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2013; 1:042001. [DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/1/4/042001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
16
|
Palermo V. Not a molecule, not a polymer, not a substrate… the many faces of graphene as a chemical platform. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:2848-57. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc37474b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|