1
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Khatymov RV, Muftakhov MV, Tuktarov RF, Shchukin PV, Khatymova LZ, Pancras E, Terentyev AG, Petrov NI. Resonant electron capture by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules: Effects of aza-substitution. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:124310. [PMID: 38533882 DOI: 10.1063/5.0195316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Resonant electron capture by aza and diaza derivatives of phenanthrene (7,8-benzoquinoline and 1,10-phenanthroline) and anthracene (acridine and phenazine) at incident free electron energies (Ee) in the range of 0-15 eV was studied. All compounds except 7,8-benzoquinoline form long-lived molecular ions (M-) at thermal electron energies (Ee ∼ 0 eV). Acridine and phenazine also form such ions at epithermal electron energies up to Ee = 1.5-2.5 eV. The lifetimes (τa) of M- with respect to electron autodetachment are proportional to the extent of aza-substitution and increase on going from molecules with bent geometry of the fused rings (azaphenanthrenes) to linear isomers (azaanthracenes). These regularities are due to an increase in the adiabatic electron affinities (EAa) of the molecules. The EAa values of the molecules under study were comprehensively assessed based on a comparative analysis of the measured τa values using the Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus theory, the electronic structure analysis using the molecular orbital approach, as well as the density functional calculations of the total energy differences between the molecules and anions. The only fragmentation channel of M- ions from the compounds studied is abstraction of hydrogen atoms. When studying [M-H]- ions, electron autodetachment processes were observed, the τa values were measured, and the appearance energies were determined. A comparative analysis of the gas-phase acidity of the molecules and the EAa values of the [M-H]· radicals revealed their proportionality to the EAa values of the parent molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rustem V Khatymov
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Square, 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mars V Muftakhov
- Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Oktyabrya, 151, 450075 Ufa, Russia
| | - Renat F Tuktarov
- Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Oktyabrya, 151, 450075 Ufa, Russia
| | - Pavel V Shchukin
- Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Oktyabrya, 151, 450075 Ufa, Russia
| | - Lyaysan Z Khatymova
- Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Oktyabrya, 151, 450075 Ufa, Russia
| | - Eugene Pancras
- Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, ul. Kosmonavtov, 1, 450064 Ufa, Russia
| | - Andrey G Terentyev
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Square, 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay I Petrov
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Square, 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia
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2
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Mansha M, Ayub A, Khan IA, Ali S, Alzahrani AS, Khan M, Arshad M, Rauf A, Akram Khan S. Recent Development of Electrolytes for Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries (Aorfbs): Current Status, Challenges, and Prospects. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300284. [PMID: 38010347 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) have attracted considerable attention due to advancements in grid-level energy storage capacity research. These batteries offer remarkable benefits, including outstanding capacity retention, excellent cell performance, high energy density, and cost-effectiveness. The organic electrolytes in AORFBs exhibit adjustable redox potentials and tunable solubilities in water. Previously, various types of organic electrolytes, such as quinones, organometallic complexes, viologens, redox-active polymers, and organic salts, were extensively investigated for their electrochemical performance and stability. This study presents an overview of recently published novel organic electrolytes for AORFBs in acidic, alkaline, and neutral environments. Furthermore, it delves into the current status, challenges, and prospects of AORFBs, highlighting different strategies to overcome these challenges, with special emphasis placed on their design, composition, functionalities, and cost. A brief techno-economic analysis of various aqueous RFBs is also outlined, considering their potential scalability and integration with renewable energy systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mansha
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asif Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia University Bahawalpur, 63100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ibad Ali Khan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Sciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Ali
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atif Saeed Alzahrani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Sciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majad Khan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemical Sciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia University Bahawalpur, 63100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia University Bahawalpur, 63100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Safyan Akram Khan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Bachmann J, Helbig A, Crumbach M, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Helten H. Fusion of Aza- and Oxadiborepins with Furans in a Reversible Ring-Opening Process Furnishes Versatile Building Blocks for Extended π-Conjugated Materials. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202455. [PMID: 35943830 PMCID: PMC9825880 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A modular synthesis of both difurooxa- and difuroazadiborepins from a common precursor is demonstrated. Starting from 2,2'-bifuran, after protection of the positions 5 and 5' with bulky silyl groups, formation of the novel polycycles proceeds through opening of the furan rings to a dialkyne and subsequent re-cyclization in the borylation step. The resulting bifuran-fused diborepins show pronounced stability, highly planar tricyclic structures, and intense blue light emission. Deprotection and transformation into dibrominated building blocks that can be incorporated into π-extended materials can be performed in one step. Detailed DFT calculations provide information about the aromaticity of the constituent rings of this polycycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Bachmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Andreas Helbig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Merian Crumbach
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Holger Helten
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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4
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Pearce KG, Canham EPF, Nixon JF, Crossley IR. A Benzodiphosphaborolediide. Chemistry 2021; 27:16342-16346. [PMID: 34586681 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The first example of a diphosphaborolediide, the benzo-fused [C6 H4 P2 BPh]2- (12- ), is prepared from ortho-bis(phosphino)benzene (C6 H4 {PH2 }) and dichlorophenylborane, via a sequential lithiation approach. The dilithio-salt can be obtained as an oligomeric THF solvate or discrete TMEDA adduct, both of which are fully characterized, including by X-ray diffraction. Alongside NICS calculations, data strongly suggest some aromaticity within 12- , which is further supported by preliminary coordination studies that demonstrate η5 -coordination to a zerovalent molybdenum center, as observed crystallographically for the oligomeric [{Mo(CO)3 (η5 -1)}{μ-η1 -Mo(CO)3 (TMEDA)}2 ] ⋅ [μ-Li(THF)][μ-Li(TMEDA)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle G Pearce
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - Elinor P F Canham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - John F Nixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - Ian R Crossley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, UK
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5
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Sadowski B, Kaliszewska M, Poronik YM, Czichy M, Janasik P, Banasiewicz M, Mierzwa D, Gadomski W, Lohrey TD, Clark JA, Łapkowski M, Kozankiewicz B, Vullev VI, Sobolewski AL, Piatkowski P, Gryko DT. Potent strategy towards strongly emissive nitroaromatics through a weakly electron-deficient core. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14039-14049. [PMID: 34760187 PMCID: PMC8565362 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03670j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitroaromatics seldom fluoresce. The importance of electron-deficient (n-type) conjugates, however, has inspired a number of strategies for suppressing the emission-quenching effects of the strongly electron-withdrawing nitro group. Here, we demonstrate how such strategies yield fluorescent nitroaryl derivatives of dipyrrolonaphthyridinedione (DPND). Nitro groups near the DPND core quench its fluorescence. Conversely, nitro groups placed farther from the core allow some of the highest fluorescence quantum yields ever recorded for nitroaromatics. This strategy of preventing the known processes that compete with photoemission, however, leads to the emergence of unprecedented alternative mechanisms for fluorescence quenching, involving transitions to dark nπ* singlet states and aborted photochemistry. Forming nπ* triplet states from ππ* singlets is a classical pathway for fluorescence quenching. In nitro-DPNDs, however, these ππ* and nπ* excited states are both singlets, and they are common for nitroaryl conjugates. Understanding the excited-state dynamics of such nitroaromatics is crucial for designing strongly fluorescent electron-deficient conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Marzena Kaliszewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Zwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Yevgen M Poronik
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Małgorzata Czichy
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology Strzody 9 44-100 Gliwice Poland
| | - Patryk Janasik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology Strzody 9 44-100 Gliwice Poland
| | - Marzena Banasiewicz
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences Aleja Lotnikow 32/46 02-668 Warsaw Poland
| | - Dominik Mierzwa
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Wojciech Gadomski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Zwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Trevor D Lohrey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, 420 Latimer Hall Berkeley CA USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA USA
| | - John A Clark
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Mieczysław Łapkowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology Strzody 9 44-100 Gliwice Poland
| | - Bolesław Kozankiewicz
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences Aleja Lotnikow 32/46 02-668 Warsaw Poland
| | - Valentine I Vullev
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside CA 92521 USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside CA 92521 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside CA 92521 USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Andrzej L Sobolewski
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences Aleja Lotnikow 32/46 02-668 Warsaw Poland
| | - Piotr Piatkowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Zwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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6
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Rybicka-Jasińska K, Espinoza EM, Clark JA, Derr JB, Carlos G, Morales M, Billones MK, O'Mari O, Ågren H, Baryshnikov GV, Vullev VI. Making Nitronaphthalene Fluoresce. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:10295-10303. [PMID: 34653339 PMCID: PMC8800371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitroaromatic compounds are inherently nonfluorescent, and the subpicosecond lifetimes of the singlet excited states of many small nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, such as nitronaphthalenes, render them unfeasible for photosensitizers and photo-oxidants, despite their immensely beneficial reduction potentials. This article reports up to a 7000-fold increase in the singlet-excited-state lifetime of 1-nitronaphthalene upon attaching an amine or an N-amide to the ring lacking the nitro group. Varying the charge-transfer (CT) character of the excited states and the medium polarity balances the decay rates along the radiative and the two nonradiative pathways and can make these nitronaphthalene derivatives fluoresce. The strong electron-donating amine suppresses intersystem crossing (ISC) but accommodates CT pathways of nonradiate deactivation. Conversely, the N-amide does not induce a pronounced CT character but slows down ISC enough to achieve relatively long lifetimes of the singlet excited state. These paradigms are key for the pursuit of electron-deficient (n-type) organic conjugates with promising optical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eli M Espinoza
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - John A Clark
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - James B Derr
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Gregory Carlos
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Maryann Morales
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Mimi Karen Billones
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Omar O'Mari
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Hans Ågren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Glib V Baryshnikov
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Valentine I Vullev
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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7
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Jamrozik A, Przewoznik J, Krysiak S, Korecki J, Trykowski G, Małolepszy A, Stobiński L, Burda K. Effect of Grinding and the Mill Type on Magnetic Properties of Carboxylated Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14144057. [PMID: 34300975 PMCID: PMC8303930 DOI: 10.3390/ma14144057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The influence of the grinding process on the magnetic properties of as prepared and functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is presented. We have observed that 3 h mechanical grinding at 400 rpm in contrast to functionalization does not remove the iron contamination from MWCNTs. However, it changes the Fe chemical states. The magnetic properties of iron nanoparticles (Fe-NPs) embedded in the carbon matrix of MWCNTs have been analyzed in detail. We have proven that single-domain non-interacting Fe(C,O)-NPs enriched in the Fe3C phase (~10 nm) enclosed inside these nanotubes are responsible for their magnetic properties. Mechanical grinding revealed a unique impact of -COOH groups (compared to -COONH4 groups) on the magnetism of functionalized MWCNTs. In MWCNT-COOH ground in a steel mill, the contribution of the Fe2O3 and α-Fe phases increased while the content of the magnetically harder Fe3C phase decreased. This resulted in a 2-fold coercivity (Hc) decrease and saturation magnetization (MS) increase. A 2-fold remanence (Mr) decrease in MWCNT-COOH ground in an agate mill is related to the modified Fe(C,O)-NP magnetization dynamics. Comparison of the magnetostatic exchange and effective anisotropy length estimated for Fe(C,O)-NPs allows concluding that the anisotropy energy barrier is higher than the magnetostatic energy barrier. The enhanced contribution of surface anisotropy to the effective anisotropy constant and the unique effect of the -COOH groups on the magnetic properties of MWCNTs are discussed. The procedure for grinding carboxylated MWCNTs with embedded iron nanoparticles using a steel mill has a potential application for producing Fe-C nanocomposites with desired magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Jamrozik
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Janusz Przewoznik
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH—University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland; (J.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Sonia Krysiak
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH—University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland; (J.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Jozef Korecki
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Trykowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, ul. Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Artur Małolepszy
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Leszek Stobiński
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Kvetoslava Burda
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH—University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland; (J.P.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-126-172-991; Fax: +48-126-340-010
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8
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Khatymov RV, Terentyev AG. Resonant electron capture negative ion mass spectrometry: the state of the art and the potential for solving analytical problems. Russ Chem Bull 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-021-3132-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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9
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Crumbach M, Bachmann J, Fritze L, Helbig A, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Helten H. Dithiophene‐Fused Oxadiborepins and Azadiborepins: A New Class of Highly Fluorescent Heteroaromatics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Merian Crumbach
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Jonas Bachmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Lars Fritze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Andreas Helbig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Holger Helten
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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10
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Crumbach M, Bachmann J, Fritze L, Helbig A, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Helten H. Dithiophene-Fused Oxadiborepins and Azadiborepins: A New Class of Highly Fluorescent Heteroaromatics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9290-9295. [PMID: 33522053 PMCID: PMC8252115 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Access to dithiophene-fused oxadiborepins and the first azadiborepins attained via a modular synthesis route are presented. The new compounds emit intense blue light, some of which demonstrate fluorescence quantum yields close to unity. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) revealed electrochemically reversible one-electron reduction processes. The weak aromatic character of the novel 1,2,7-azadiborepin ring is demonstrated with in-depth theoretical investigations using nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) scans and anisotropy of the induced current density (ACID) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merian Crumbach
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Jonas Bachmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Lars Fritze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Andreas Helbig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Holger Helten
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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11
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Asok N, Gaffen JR, Pradhan E, Zeng T, Baumgartner T. Structure-reactivity studies on hypervalent square-pyramidal dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]phospholes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:2243-2252. [PMID: 33503083 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00062d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of neutral pentacoordinate dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]phosphole compounds were synthesized by [4 + 1] cycloaddition with o-quinones. Counter to the expected trigonal bipyramidal geometry, the luminescent hypervalent dithienophospholes exhibit square pyramidal geometry with inherently Lewis acidic phosphorus center that is stabilized via supramolecular π-stacking interactions in the solid state and in solution. Due to their Lewis-acid character, the compounds react with nucleophiles, suggesting their potential as mediator in organic transformations. The new species thus present an intriguing structural plaform for the design of neutral P(v) Lewis acids with useful reactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayanthara Asok
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
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12
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Pearce KG, Crossley IR. Diphosphametacyclophanes: Structural and Electronic Influences of Substituent Variation within a Family of Bis(diketophosphanyl) Macrocycles. J Org Chem 2020; 85:14697-14707. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle G. Pearce
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R. Crossley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ, United Kingdom
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13
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Khatymov RV, Shchukin PV, Muftakhov MV, Yakushchenko IK, Yarmolenko OV, Pankratyev EY. A unified statistical RRKM approach to the fragmentation and autoneutralization of metastable molecular negative ions of hexaazatrinaphthylenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:3073-3088. [PMID: 31965122 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05397b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For the compounds promising for use as n-type semiconductors in organic electronics and energy storage devices, hexaazatrinaphthylene (HATNA) and its derivative hexamethoxy-hexaazatrinaphthylene (HMHATA), the monomolecular processes occurring under the exposure of molecules to low-energy (0-15 eV) free electrons were studied by means of resonant electron capture negative ion mass spectrometry. Resonant electron attachment results in the formation of eminently long-lived molecular negative ions (MNIs) in an abnormally wide range of incident electron energy (Ee) from 0 to 5-7 eV. For both compounds, this observation serves as an indication of the strong electron-accepting properties and high stability of MNIs against electron autodetachment. A weak yield of the only fragment NIs, dehydrogenated anions, was detected for HATNA at Ee > 6 eV. MNIs of HMHATA are less stable to dissociative decay because of the presence of weakly bound terminal substituents. This is evidenced by the mass spectral observation of intense fragmentation occurring above Ee≈ 1 eV and leading to a loss of up to 3 methyl groups as the Ee increases. A series of metastable NI peaks observed in the mass spectra testify to the delayed and sequential nature of fragmentation. Based on the principles of statistical Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) theory, the theoretical model of dissociative decay of NIs was developed and then adopted to quantify the rates of ground-state anion decay via electron autodetachment. The experimentally measured electron autodetachment lifetimes and fragmentation rates were best reproduced by the model at molecular adiabatic electron affinities preset to 2.15 eV for HATNA and 1.88 eV for HMHATA, in reasonable agreement with the quantum chemical DFT PBE/3ζ predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rustem V Khatymov
- Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450075, Russia.
| | - Pavel V Shchukin
- Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450075, Russia.
| | - Mars V Muftakhov
- Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450075, Russia.
| | - Igor K Yakushchenko
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region 142432, Russia
| | - Ol'ga V Yarmolenko
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region 142432, Russia
| | - Evgeniy Yu Pankratyev
- Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450075, Russia.
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14
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Jiang H, Hu W. The Emergence of Organic Single-Crystal Electronics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:1408-1428. [PMID: 30927312 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Organic semiconducting single crystals are perfect for both fundamental and application-oriented research due to the advantages of free grain boundaries, few defects, and minimal traps and impurities, as well as their low-temperature processability, high flexibility, and low cost. Carrier mobilities of greater than 10 cm2 V-1 s-1 in some organic single crystals indicate a promising application in electronic devices. The progress made, including the molecular structures and fabrication technologies of organic single crystals, is introduced and organic single-crystal electronic devices, including field-effect transistors, phototransistors, p-n heterojunctions, and circuits, are summarized. Organic two-dimensional single crystals, cocrystals, and large single crystals, together with some potential applications, are introduced. A state-of-the-art overview of organic single-crystal electronics, with their challenges and prospects, is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, No. 92#, Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, No. 92#, Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Department of Chemistry School of Sciences Tianjin University No. 92#, Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 639798 Singapore Singapur
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Department of Chemistry School of Sciences Tianjin University No. 92#, Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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16
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Mauger A, Julien C, Paolella A, Armand M, Zaghib K. Recent Progress on Organic Electrodes Materials for Rechargeable Batteries and Supercapacitors. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E1770. [PMID: 31159168 PMCID: PMC6600696 DOI: 10.3390/ma12111770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Rechargeable batteries are essential elements for many applications, ranging from portable use up to electric vehicles. Among them, lithium-ion batteries have taken an increasing importance in the day life. However, they suffer of several limitations: safety concerns and risks of thermal runaway, cost, and high carbon footprint, starting with the extraction of the transition metals in ores with low metal content. These limitations were the motivation for an intensive research to replace the inorganic electrodes by organic electrodes. Subsequently, the disadvantages that are mentioned above are overcome, but are replaced by new ones, including the solubility of the organic molecules in the electrolytes and lower operational voltage. However, recent progress has been made. The lower voltage, even though it is partly compensated by a larger capacity density, may preclude the use of organic electrodes for electric vehicles, but the very long cycling lives and the fast kinetics reached recently suggest their use in grid storage and regulation, and possibly in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). The purpose of this work is to review the different results and strategies that are currently being used to obtain organic electrodes that make them competitive with lithium-ion batteries for such applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Mauger
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), UMR-CNRS 7590, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Christian Julien
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), UMR-CNRS 7590, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Andrea Paolella
- Centre of Excellence in Transportation Electrification and Energy Storage (CETEES), Hydro-Québec, 1806, Lionel-Boulet blvd., Varennes, QC J3X 1S1, Canada.
| | - Michel Armand
- CIC Energigune, Parque Tecnol Alava, 01510 Minano, Spain.
| | - Karim Zaghib
- Centre of Excellence in Transportation Electrification and Energy Storage (CETEES), Hydro-Québec, 1806, Lionel-Boulet blvd., Varennes, QC J3X 1S1, Canada.
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17
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Vidal F, Jäkle F. Functional Polymeric Materials Based on Main‐Group Elements. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:5846-5870. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Vidal
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University—Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University—Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
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18
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Vidal F, Jäkle F. Funktionelle polymere Materialien auf der Basis von Hauptgruppen‐Elementen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Vidal
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University—Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University—Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
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19
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Berville M, Richard J, Stolar M, Choua S, Le Breton N, Gourlaouen C, Boudon C, Ruhlmann L, Baumgartner T, Wytko JA, Weiss J. A Highly Stable Organic Radical Cation. Org Lett 2018; 20:8004-8008. [PMID: 30525707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Functionalization of a methylviologen with four methyl ester substituents significantly facilitates the first two reduction steps. The easily generated radical cation shows markedly improved air stability compared to the parent methylviologen, making this derivative of interest in organic electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Berville
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg , UMR 7177 Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, Institut LeBel , 4 rue Blaise Pascal , 67008 Strasbourg , France
| | - Jimmy Richard
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg , UMR 7177 Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, Institut LeBel , 4 rue Blaise Pascal , 67008 Strasbourg , France
| | - Monika Stolar
- Department of Chemistry , York University , 4700 Keele Street , Toronto , Ontario M3J 1P3 , Canada
| | - Sylvie Choua
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg , UMR 7177 Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, Institut LeBel , 4 rue Blaise Pascal , 67008 Strasbourg , France
| | - Nolwenn Le Breton
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg , UMR 7177 Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, Institut LeBel , 4 rue Blaise Pascal , 67008 Strasbourg , France
| | - Christophe Gourlaouen
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg , UMR 7177 Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, Institut LeBel , 4 rue Blaise Pascal , 67008 Strasbourg , France
| | - Corinne Boudon
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg , UMR 7177 Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, Institut LeBel , 4 rue Blaise Pascal , 67008 Strasbourg , France
| | - Laurent Ruhlmann
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg , UMR 7177 Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, Institut LeBel , 4 rue Blaise Pascal , 67008 Strasbourg , France
| | - Thomas Baumgartner
- Department of Chemistry , York University , 4700 Keele Street , Toronto , Ontario M3J 1P3 , Canada
| | - Jennifer A Wytko
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg , UMR 7177 Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, Institut LeBel , 4 rue Blaise Pascal , 67008 Strasbourg , France
| | - Jean Weiss
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg , UMR 7177 Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, Institut LeBel , 4 rue Blaise Pascal , 67008 Strasbourg , France
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20
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Khatua R, Sahoo SR, Sharma S, Thangavel R, Sahu S. Anisotropic charge transport properties of chrysene derivatives as organic semiconductor: A computational study. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rudranarayan Khatua
- High Performance Computing Lab, Department of Applied Physics; Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines); Dhanbad 826004 India
| | - Smruti Ranjan Sahoo
- High Performance Computing Lab, Department of Applied Physics; Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines); Dhanbad 826004 India
| | - Sagar Sharma
- Physical Sciences Division; Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology; Paschim Boragaon Guwahati 781035 India
| | - R. Thangavel
- Solar Energy Research Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics; Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines); Dhanbad 826004 India
| | - Sridhar Sahu
- High Performance Computing Lab, Department of Applied Physics; Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines); Dhanbad 826004 India
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21
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Riensch NA, Fritze L, Schindler T, Kremer M, Helten H. Difuryl(supermesityl)borane: a versatile building block for extended π-conjugated materials. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:10399-10403. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01716f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
B-Doping of oligo(hetarene)s led to very robust, air-stable π-conjugated materials that are strong electron-acceptors and blue light emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas A. Riensch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Lars Fritze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Tobias Schindler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Marius Kremer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Holger Helten
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
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22
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Grandl M, Sun Y, Pammer F. Electronic and structural properties of N → B-ladder boranes with high electron affinity. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00876g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A series of electronically and structurally diverse N → B-ladder boranes has been prepared by hydroboration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Sun
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern
- 67663 Kaiserslautern
- Germany
| | - Frank Pammer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials
- University of Ulm
- 89081 Ulm
- Germany
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23
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Striepe L, Baumgartner T. Viologens and Their Application as Functional Materials. Chemistry 2017; 23:16924-16940. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Striepe
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Solar Materials; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Thomas Baumgartner
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Solar Materials; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive NW Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada
- Current address: Department of Chemistry; York University; 4700 Keele St Toronto ON M3J 1P3 Canada
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24
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Hindenberg P, López-Andarias A, Rominger F, de Cózar A, Romero-Nieto C. A Guide for the Design of Functional Polyaromatic Organophosphorus Materials. Chemistry 2017; 23:13919-13928. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Hindenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Alicia López-Andarias
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Abel de Cózar
- IKERBASQUE; Basque Foundation for Science; 48011 Bilbao Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Facultad de Química; Universidad del País Vasco and Donostia International Physics Center, P. K. 1072; 20018 San Sebastián-Donostia Spain
| | - Carlos Romero-Nieto
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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25
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Glöcklhofer F, Morawietz AJ, Stöger B, Unterlass MM, Fröhlich J. Extending the Scope of a New Cyanation: Design and Synthesis of an Anthracene Derivative with an Exceptionally Low LUMO Level and Improved Solubility. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:1594-1600. [PMID: 31457525 PMCID: PMC6641058 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of cyanated acenes from quinones has been improved for the conversion of electron-poor starting materials. The new procedure was used to prepare rationally designed 2,7-dinitro-9,10-dicyanoanthracene. Crystallographic, morphological, and electrochemical investigations have revealed most promising properties for applications in organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Glöcklhofer
- Institute
of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas J. Morawietz
- Institute
of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Berthold Stöger
- Institute
of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt
9/164, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Miriam M. Unterlass
- Institute
of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/165, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Fröhlich
- Institute
of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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26
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Schaub TA, Brülls SM, Dral PO, Hampel F, Maid H, Kivala M. Organic Electron Acceptors Comprising a Dicyanomethylene-Bridged Acridophosphine Scaffold: The Impact of the Heteroatom. Chemistry 2017; 23:6988-6992. [PMID: 28370820 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Stable two-electron acceptors comprising a dicyanomethylene-bridged acridophosphine scaffold were synthesized and their reversible reduction potentials were efficiently tuned through derivatization of the phosphorus center. X-ray crystallographic analysis combined with NMR, UV/Vis, IR spectroscopic, and electrochemical studies, supported by theoretical calculations, revealed the crucial role of the phosphorus atom for the unique redox, structural, and photophysical properties of these compounds. The results identify the potential of these electron deficient scaffolds for the development of functional n-type materials and redox active chromophores upon further functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A Schaub
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Chair of Organic Chemistry I, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Steffen M Brülls
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Chair of Organic Chemistry I, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pavlo O Dral
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Chair of Organic Chemistry I, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Maid
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Chair of Organic Chemistry I, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Chair of Organic Chemistry I, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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27
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Grandl M, Rudolf B, Sun Y, Bechtel DF, Pierik AJ, Pammer F. Intramolecular N→B Coordination as a Stabilizing Scaffold for π-Conjugated Radical Anions with Tunable Redox Potentials. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Grandl
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Benjamin Rudolf
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Yu Sun
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse
54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Dominique F. Bechtel
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse
54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Antonio J. Pierik
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse
54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Frank Pammer
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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28
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Łapok Ł, Obłoza M, Nowakowska M. Highly Thermostable, Non-oxidizable Indium, Gallium, and Aluminium Perfluorophthalocyanines with n-Type Character. Chemistry 2016; 22:12050-60. [PMID: 27405880 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Perfluorophthalocyanines incorporating three-valent metals, namely In(Cl), Ga(Cl), and Al(Cl), have been synthesized and characterized. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that these compounds exhibit outstanding thermal stability and a tendency to sublime at a temperature exceeding around 350 °C without thermal decomposition. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were used to probe the frontier orbital energy levels of these compounds in THF solution. All three compounds undergo three quasi-reversible reductions with the first one leading to the formation of an anion radical, namely MPc(-.) , as confirmed by spectroelectrochemistry. The compounds studied were intrinsically resistive to oxidation, which indicates that they are very good electron acceptors (n-type materials). The HOMO-LUMO energy gaps (Eg ) of the three compounds determined by UV/Vis spectroscopy were relatively unaffected by the three-valent metals incorporated into the phthalocyanine macrocycle. Similarly, the energies of the HOMO (EHOMO ) and LUMO (ELUMO ) orbitals remained virtually unaffected by the three-valent metals in the perfluorophthalocyanine. Importantly, all the perfluorophthalocyanines studied possess LUMO levels between -4.76 and -4.85 eV, which makes their reduced forms resistant to electron trapping by O2 and H2 O. This property opens up the possibility for the fabrication of electronic devices operating under ambient conditions. All three compounds demonstrated very good photostability as solid thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Łapok
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Obłoza
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Nowakowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060, Kraków, Poland
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29
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Ren Y, Baumgartner T. A structure-property study toward π-extended phosphole chromophores with ambipolar redox properties. CAN J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2015-0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a series of π-extended dithienophospholes with phenyl or biphenyl terminal groups via Suzuki Miyaura cross-coupling procedures. The incorporation of the dithienophosphole core into the scaffold on oligophenylenes was found to lead to pronounced luminescence properties in solution and the solid state, the latter of which also responded to different solid-state morphologies, i.e., powder versus crystal. More importantly, the investigated molecular architectures also allowed — for the first time — the observation of ambipolar redox behavior of such species, with the biphenyl-extended species in particular showing quasi-reversible reduction and oxidation processes; the observed experimental features were correlated with computational density functional theory studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Solar Materials, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Solar Materials, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Thomas Baumgartner
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Solar Materials, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Solar Materials, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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30
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Near Infrared Phosphorescent, Non-oxidizable Palladium and Platinum Perfluoro-phthalocyanines. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:1123-35. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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31
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Wu S, Rheingold AL, Golen JA, Grimm AB, Protasiewicz JD. Synthesis of a Luminescent Azaphosphole. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201501279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, United States, http://www.case.edu/chem/faculty/protasiewicz/group/Protasiewicz/Welcome.html
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, California, 92093, United States
| | - James A. Golen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, Massachusetts, 02747, United States
| | - Alexandra B. Grimm
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, United States, http://www.case.edu/chem/faculty/protasiewicz/group/Protasiewicz/Welcome.html
| | - John D. Protasiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, United States, http://www.case.edu/chem/faculty/protasiewicz/group/Protasiewicz/Welcome.html
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32
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Schickedanz K, Trageser T, Bolte M, Lerner HW, Wagner M. A boron-doped helicene as a highly soluble, benchtop-stable green emitter. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:15808-10. [PMID: 26366478 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc07208e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The high-yield synthesis of a boron-doped [4]helicene was achieved through a Ni-mediated Yamamoto C-C-coupling reaction; the moderate distortion of the molecular scaffold confers excellent solubility to the air- and water-stable green luminophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Schickedanz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, D-60438 Frankfurt (Main), Germany.
| | - Timo Trageser
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, D-60438 Frankfurt (Main), Germany.
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, D-60438 Frankfurt (Main), Germany.
| | - Hans-Wolfram Lerner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, D-60438 Frankfurt (Main), Germany.
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, D-60438 Frankfurt (Main), Germany.
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33
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Palai AK, Kumar A, Sim K, Kwon J, Shin TJ, Jang S, Cho S, Park SU, Pyo S. Facile synthesis of arylthiophenyl-functionalized diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives via direct C–H arylation: characterization and utilization in organic electronic devices. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj02631h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and characterization of three arylthiophenyl-functionalized diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives with different end-capping groups via direct C–H arylation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Konkuk University
- Seoul 143-701
- Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoseung Sim
- Department of Chemistry
- Konkuk University
- Seoul 143-701
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyuk Kwon
- Department of Chemistry
- Konkuk University
- Seoul 143-701
- Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Joo Shin
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory
- Pohang
- Republic of Korea
| | - Soonmin Jang
- Department of Chemistry
- Sejong University
- Seoul 143-747
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Cho
- Center for Core Research Facility
- Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology
- Daegu 711-873
- Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Un Park
- Department of Chemistry
- Konkuk University
- Seoul 143-701
- Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmoon Pyo
- Department of Chemistry
- Konkuk University
- Seoul 143-701
- Republic of Korea
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34
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Balijapalli U, Manickam S, Thiyagarajan MD, Iyer SK. Highly emissive, naked-eye solvatochromic probe based on styryl tetrahydrodibenzo[a,i]phenanthridine for acidochromic applications. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra09359k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new series of 5-styryl tetrahydrodibenzo[a,i]phenanthridines was readily synthesized from β-tetralone, ammonium acetate and cinnamaldehydes and successfully applied to quantitatively detect pH in biological fluids and acid impurities in solvents.
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35
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Reus C, Stolar M, Vanderkley J, Nebauer J, Baumgartner T. A Convenient N-Arylation Route for Electron-Deficient Pyridines: The Case of π-Extended Electrochromic Phosphaviologens. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:11710-7. [PMID: 26325450 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b06413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A simple and representative procedure for the synthesis of N,N'-diarylated phosphaviologens directly from both electron-rich and electron-poor diaryliodonium salts and 2,7-diazadibenzophosphole oxide is reported. The latter are electron-deficient congeners of the widely utilized N,N'-disubstituted 4,4'-bipyridinium cations, also known as viologens, that proved to be inaccessible by the classical two-step route. The single-step preparation method for phosphaviologens described herein could be extended to genuine viologens but reached its limit when sterically demanding diaryliodonium salts were used. The studied phosphaviologens feature a significantly lowered reduction threshold as compared to all other (phospha)viologens known to date due to the combination of an extended π-system with an electron deficient phosphole core. In addition, a considerably smaller HOMO-LUMO gap was observed due to efficient π-delocalization across the phosphaviologen core, as well as the N-aryl substituents, which was corroborated by quantum chemical calculations. Detailed characterizations of the singly reduced radical species by EPR spectroscopy and DFT calculations verified delocalization of the radical over the extended π-system. Finally, to gain deeper insight into the suitability of the new compounds as electroactive and electrochromic materials, multicolored proof-of-concept electrochomic devices were manufactured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Reus
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Solar Materials, University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive Northwest, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Monika Stolar
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Solar Materials, University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive Northwest, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Vanderkley
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Solar Materials, University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive Northwest, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Johannes Nebauer
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Solar Materials, University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive Northwest, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.,Department für Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Baumgartner
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Solar Materials, University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive Northwest, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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36
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Tsai C, Chirdon DN, Kagalwala HN, Maurer AB, Kaur A, Pintauer T, Bernhard S, Noonan KJT. Electron‐Poor Thiophene 1,1‐Dioxides: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application as Electron Relays in Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation. Chemistry 2015; 21:11517-24. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia‐Hua Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213 (USA)
| | - Danielle N. Chirdon
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213 (USA)
| | - Husain N. Kagalwala
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213 (USA)
| | - Andrew B. Maurer
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213 (USA)
| | - Aman Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, 308 Mellon Hall, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15282 (USA)
| | - Tomislav Pintauer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, 308 Mellon Hall, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15282 (USA)
| | - Stefan Bernhard
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213 (USA)
| | - Kevin J. T. Noonan
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213 (USA)
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37
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Hertz VM, Bolte M, Lerner HW, Wagner M. Boron-Containing Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Facile Synthesis of Stable, Redox-Active Luminophores. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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38
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Hertz VM, Bolte M, Lerner HW, Wagner M. Boron-Containing Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Facile Synthesis of Stable, Redox-Active Luminophores. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:8800-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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39
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Liang Y, Chen Z, Jing Y, Rong Y, Facchetti A, Yao Y. Heavily n-Dopable π-Conjugated Redox Polymers with Ultrafast Energy Storage Capability. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:4956-9. [PMID: 25826124 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b02290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We report here the first successful demonstration of a "π-conjugated redox polymer" simultaneously featuring a π-conjugated backbone and integrated redox sites, which can be stably and reversibly n-doped to a high doping level of 2.0 with significantly enhanced electronic conductivity. The properties of such a heavily n-dopable polymer, poly{[N,N'-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalenedicarboximide-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5'-(2,2'-bithiophene)} (P(NDI2OD-T2)), were compared vis-à-vis to those of the corresponding backbone-insulated poly{[N,N'-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalenedicarboximide-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5'-[2,2'-(1,2-ethanediyl)bithiophene]} (P(NDI2OD-TET)). When evaluated as a charge storage material for rechargeable Li batteries, P(NDI2OD-T2) delivers 95% of its theoretical capacity at a high rate of 100C (72 s per charge-discharge cycle) under practical measurement conditions as well as 96% capacity retention after 3000 cycles of deep discharge-charge. Electrochemical, impedance, and charge-transport measurements unambiguously demonstrate that the ultrafast electrode kinetics of P(NDI2OD-T2) are attributed to the high electronic conductivity of the polymer in the heavily n-doped state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhihua Chen
- §Polyera Corporation, 8045 Lamon Avenue, Skokie, Illinois 60077, United States
| | | | | | - Antonio Facchetti
- §Polyera Corporation, 8045 Lamon Avenue, Skokie, Illinois 60077, United States
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40
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Stolar M, Borau-Garcia J, Toonen M, Baumgartner T. Synthesis and Tunability of Highly Electron-Accepting, N-Benzylated “Phosphaviologens”. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:3366-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ja513258j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Stolar
- Department of Chemistry and
Centre for Advanced Solar Materials, University of Calgary, 2500 University
Drive Northwest, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Javier Borau-Garcia
- Department of Chemistry and
Centre for Advanced Solar Materials, University of Calgary, 2500 University
Drive Northwest, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Mark Toonen
- Department of Chemistry and
Centre for Advanced Solar Materials, University of Calgary, 2500 University
Drive Northwest, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Thomas Baumgartner
- Department of Chemistry and
Centre for Advanced Solar Materials, University of Calgary, 2500 University
Drive Northwest, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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41
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42
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Karlsson C, Huang H, Strømme M, Gogoll A, Sjödin M. Impact of linker in polypyrrole/quinone conducting redox polymers. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra15708g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introducing a linker unit in polypyrrole/quinone conducting redox polymers dramatically reduces the interaction between the two redox systems. Moreover, increasing its length and flexibility completely eliminates the interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoffer Karlsson
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials
- Department of Engineering Sciences
- The Ångström Laboratory
- Uppsala University
- SE-751 21 Uppsala
| | - Hao Huang
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials
- Department of Engineering Sciences
- The Ångström Laboratory
- Uppsala University
- SE-751 21 Uppsala
| | - Maria Strømme
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials
- Department of Engineering Sciences
- The Ångström Laboratory
- Uppsala University
- SE-751 21 Uppsala
| | - Adolf Gogoll
- Department of Chemistry – BMC
- Biomedical Centre
- Uppsala University
- SE-751 23 Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Martin Sjödin
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials
- Department of Engineering Sciences
- The Ångström Laboratory
- Uppsala University
- SE-751 21 Uppsala
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43
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Karlsson C, Huang H, Strømme M, Gogoll A, Sjödin M. Quinone pendant group kinetics in poly(pyrrol-3-ylhydroquinone). J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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44
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Wang Z, Baumgartner T. Organophosphorus Avenues toward Self-Assembled Conjugated Soft Materials. CHEM REC 2014; 15:199-217. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201402061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zisu Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Solar Materials; University of Calgary; 2500 University Dr. NW Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Thomas Baumgartner
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Solar Materials; University of Calgary; 2500 University Dr. NW Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada
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45
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Sancho-García JC, Pérez-Jiménez AJ. Theoretical study of stability and charge-transport properties of coronene molecule and some of its halogenated derivatives: A path to ambipolar organic-based materials? J Chem Phys 2014; 141:134708. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4897205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. C. Sancho-García
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - A. J. Pérez-Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
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46
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Zhao Y, Hao W, Ma W, Zang Z, Zhang H, Liu X, Zou S, Zhang H, Liu W, Gao J. Easily-soluble heteroacene bis(benzothieno)silole derivatives for sensing of nitro explosives. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj00913d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Takeda Y, Nishida T, Minakata S. 2,6-Diphospha-s-indacene-1,3,5,7(2 H,6 H)-tetraone: A Phosphorus Analogue of Aromatic Diimides with the Minimal Core Exhibiting High Electron-Accepting Ability. Chemistry 2014; 20:10266-70. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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48
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Baumgartner T. Insights on the design and electron-acceptor properties of conjugated organophosphorus materials. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:1613-22. [PMID: 24802764 DOI: 10.1021/ar500084b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of conjugated organic materials has become a rapidly evolving field of research, particularly with a view toward practical applications in so-called organic electronics that encompass a variety of device types, such as OLEDs, OPVs, and OFETs. Almost all of these devices minimally require the presence of electron-donor and -acceptor components that act as p- and n-type semiconductors, respectively. Research over the past two decades has shown that while there is an abundant resource of organic p-type materials, suitable n-type species are few and far between. To overcome this severe bottleneck for the further development of organic electronics, researchers have identified organo-main-group avenues as valuable alternatives toward organic electron-acceptor materials that may ultimately be used as n-type components in practical devices. One particular element of interest in this context is phosphorus, which at first glance may not necessarily suggest such properties. In this Account, I provide detailed insights on the origin of the electron-acceptor properties of organophosphorus-based conjugated materials and include an overview of important molecular species that have been developed by my group and others. To this end, I explain that the electron-acceptor properties of conjugated organophosphorus materials originate from an interaction known as negative hyperconjugation. While this particular interaction creates a simply inductively withdrawing phosphoryl substituent for π-conjugated scaffolds, incorporation of a phosphorus atom as an integral part of a cyclic substructure within a π-conjugated system provides a much more complex, versatile, and consequently highly valuable tool for the tuning of the electron-acceptor properties of the materials. Notably, the degree of negative hyperconjugation can effectively be tailored in various ways via simple substitution at the phosphorus center. This is now well established for phosphole-based molecular materials, in which the electron-acceptor properties are also mirrored by the degree of antiaromaticity of the system. Particularly, fused and π-extended phosphole materials show appreciable electron-acceptor properties, evident in low reduction potentials and corresponding LUMO levels. But these features do not always translate into powerful n-type materials. My group and others have thus recently been focusing on molecular organophosphorus scaffolds that also involve incorporation of imino or carbonyl groups, next to the incorporation of low coordinate phosphorus centers, to achieve superior electron-acceptor features. This state-of-the-art research has confirmed the great potential of the organophosphorus route toward powerful electron-acceptor materials, but further work is required to also establish these species as functional n-type materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Baumgartner
- Department of Chemistry and
Centre for Advanced Solar Materials, University of Calgary, 2500 University
Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N
1N4 Canada
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49
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Qiu Y, Worch JC, Chirdon DN, Kaur A, Maurer AB, Amsterdam S, Collins CR, Pintauer T, Yaron D, Bernhard S, Noonan KJT. Tuning Thiophene with Phosphorus: Synthesis and Electronic Properties of Benzobisthiaphospholes. Chemistry 2014; 20:7746-51. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunyan Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213 (USA)
| | - Joshua C. Worch
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213 (USA)
| | - Danielle N. Chirdon
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213 (USA)
| | - Aman Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, 308 Mellon Hall, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15282 (USA)
| | - Andrew B. Maurer
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213 (USA)
| | - Samuel Amsterdam
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213 (USA)
| | - Christopher R. Collins
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213 (USA)
| | - Tomislav Pintauer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, 308 Mellon Hall, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15282 (USA)
| | - David Yaron
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213 (USA)
| | - Stefan Bernhard
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213 (USA)
| | - Kevin J. T. Noonan
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213 (USA)
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50
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Senevirathna W, Daddario CM, Sauvé G. Density Functional Theory Study Predicts Low Reorganization Energies for Azadipyrromethene-Based Metal Complexes. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:935-941. [PMID: 26274092 DOI: 10.1021/jz402735c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Small internal reorganization energy is desirable for high-performance optoelectronic materials, as it facilitates both charge separation and charge transport. However, only a handful of n-type electron accepting materials are known to have small reorganization energies. Here, DFT calculations were performed to predict the reorganization energy of azadipyrromethene-based dyes and their complexes. All compounds studied were most stable in their anionic state and had high electron affinity, indicating their potential as n-type material. The homoleptic zinc(II) complexes had significantly lower reorganization energies than either the free ligands or the BF2(+) chelates. The low reorganization energies of the zinc(II) complexes are explained by the large and rigid π conjugated system that extends across the two azadipyrromethene ligands via interligand π-π interactions. This work suggests that Zn(II) complexation is a novel strategy for obtaining materials that combine low internal reorganization energy with high electron affinity for the development of novel n-type optoelectronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasana Senevirathna
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Cassie M Daddario
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Geneviève Sauvé
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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