1
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Chakraborty B, Luscombe CK. Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling Polymerization via C-H Activation for the Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202301247. [PMID: 36849707 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202301247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their versatile (opto)electronic properties, conjugated polymers have found application in several organic electronic devices. Cross-coupling reactions such as Stille, Suzuki, Kumada couplings, and direct arylation reactions have proved to be effective for their synthesis. More atom-efficient oxidative direct arylation polymerization has also been reported for making homopolymers. However, growing interest toward donor-acceptor polymers has led to the recent emergence of cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) polymerization to synthesize alternating copolymers without any prefunctionalization of monomers. Metal-catalyzed cross-coupling of two simple arenes via double C-H activation, or of an arene with an alkene via oxidative Heck-type reaction have been used so far for CDC polymerization. In this article, we discuss the development of CDC polymerization protocols along with the relevant small molecule CDC reactions for an improved understanding of these reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baitan Chakraborty
- pi-Conjugated Polymers Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Christine K Luscombe
- pi-Conjugated Polymers Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
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2
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Light induced step-growth polymerization of Donor-Acceptor-Donor (DAD) type monomers based on thiophene – [1,2,5] Chalcogenazolo[3,4-f]-benzo [1,2,3] triazole – Thiophene. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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3
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Synthesis, photophysical, electrochemical and computational study of indolocarbazole based donor acceptor type conjugated polymers. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01445-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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4
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Maddali H, Miles CE, Kohn J, O'Carroll DM. Optical Biosensors for Virus Detection: Prospects for SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. Chembiochem 2021; 22:1176-1189. [PMID: 33119960 PMCID: PMC8048644 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The recent pandemic of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused huge worldwide disruption due to the lack of available testing locations and equipment. The use of optical techniques for viral detection has flourished in the past 15 years, providing more reliable, inexpensive, and accurate detection methods. In the current minireview, optical phenomena including fluorescence, surface plasmons, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and colorimetry are discussed in the context of detecting virus pathogens. The sensitivity of a viral detection method can be dramatically improved by using materials that exhibit surface plasmons or SERS, but often this requires advanced instrumentation for detection. Although fluorescence and colorimetry lack high sensitivity, they show promise as point-of-care diagnostics because of their relatively less complicated instrumentation, ease of use, lower costs, and the fact that they do not require nucleic acid amplification. The advantages and disadvantages of each optical detection method are presented, and prospects for applying optical biosensors in COVID-19 detection are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemanth Maddali
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Catherine E Miles
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Joachim Kohn
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Deirdre M O'Carroll
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers University, 607 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
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5
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Yang Y, Zhou D, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Tang S, Guo Y, Ma F, Yang H, Xiong L. NIR/photoacoustic imaging of multitype gallbladder cancer using carboxyl/amino functionalized polymer dots. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:6657-6669. [PMID: 33078791 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01451f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer has high incidence and mortality and a low early diagnosis rate and requires rapid and efficient diagnosis. Herein, carboxyl/amino functionalized polymer dots (Pdots) were designed to enhance cellular internalization and tumor accumulation. The prepared Pdots were 40-50 nm in diameter, contained no toxic metal, exhibited long circulation time and high stability, and produced strong NIR emission and photoacoustic signals. Different cellular uptake and distribution of functionalized Pdots in eight gallbladder cell lines were quantitatively investigated using flow cytometry and super-resolution microscopy. In vivo NIR fluorescence imaging showed that the functional Pdots had high accumulation in the tumor after 30 minutes of injection and remained there for up to 6 days. In addition, photoacoustic imaging found that the abundant blood vessels around the tumor microenvironment and Pdots entered the tumor through the blood vessels. Furthermore, a high heterogeneity of vascular networks was visualized in real-time and high resolution by probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy imaging. These results offer a new avenue for the development of functional Pdots as a probe for multi-modal and multi-scale imaging of gallbladder cancer in small animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidian Yang
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China.
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6
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Gao Q, Xiong LH, Han T, Qiu Z, He X, Sung HHY, Kwok RTK, Williams ID, Lam JWY, Tang BZ. Three-Component Regio- and Stereoselective Polymerizations toward Functional Chalcogen-Rich Polymers with AIE-Activities. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:14712-14719. [PMID: 31460759 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Polymers containing rich chalcogen elements are rarely reported due to the lack of facile synthesis methods. Herein, a novel multicomponent polymerization route toward chalcogen-rich polymers was introduced. A series of poly(vinyl sulfones) (PVSs) were synthesized at room temperature using readily prepared monomers. PVSs were generated with high regio- and stereo-selectivity in high yields (up to 92.3%). Rich chalcogen elements endowed PVSs with distingctive multifunctionalities. The PVSs possessed good solubility and film-forming ability. Their thin films exhibited outstanding refractive indices up to 1.8062 at 550.0 nm together with good optical transparency in the visible region. Thin films of some polymers can also be fabricated into well-resolved fluorescent photopatterns by photolithography. Thanks to the unique redox properties of selenium, postmodification by oxidation reaction of P1a/2/3a successfully eliminates the caused heavy atom effect and endow resulting polymers with novel functionality as fluorescent bioprobes for cellular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Gao
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute , No. 9 Yuexing first RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park , Nanshan , Shenzhen 518057 , P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science , Institute of Advanced Study and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Hong Kong , SAR
| | - Ling-Hong Xiong
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shenzhen 518055 , P. R. China
| | - Ting Han
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute , No. 9 Yuexing first RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park , Nanshan , Shenzhen 518057 , P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science , Institute of Advanced Study and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Hong Kong , SAR
| | - Zijie Qiu
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute , No. 9 Yuexing first RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park , Nanshan , Shenzhen 518057 , P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science , Institute of Advanced Study and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Hong Kong , SAR
| | - Xuewen He
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute , No. 9 Yuexing first RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park , Nanshan , Shenzhen 518057 , P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science , Institute of Advanced Study and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Hong Kong , SAR
| | - Herman H Y Sung
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science , Institute of Advanced Study and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Hong Kong , SAR
| | - Ryan T K Kwok
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute , No. 9 Yuexing first RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park , Nanshan , Shenzhen 518057 , P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science , Institute of Advanced Study and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Hong Kong , SAR.,Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Ian D Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science , Institute of Advanced Study and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Hong Kong , SAR
| | - Jacky W Y Lam
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute , No. 9 Yuexing first RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park , Nanshan , Shenzhen 518057 , P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science , Institute of Advanced Study and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Hong Kong , SAR.,Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute , No. 9 Yuexing first RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park , Nanshan , Shenzhen 518057 , P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science , Institute of Advanced Study and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Hong Kong , SAR.,Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
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7
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Samal S, Thompson BC. Converging the Hole Mobility of Poly(2- N-carbazoylethyl acrylate) with Conjugated Polymers by Tuning Isotacticity. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:1161-1167. [PMID: 35651268 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nonconjugated electroactive polymers (also known as pendant or side-chain electroactive polymers) promise several potential advantages relative to conjugated polymers including enhanced mechanical durability, greater stability and synthesis via living polymerization techniques. However, most previous examples suffer from low charge carrier mobility. Here, using poly(2-N-carbazoylethyl acrylate) (PCzEA) as a model polymer, we investigate the ability of side-chain tacticity to influence hole mobility. Specifically, we investigated polymers with dyad isotacticity (m) ranging from ∼45 to ∼95% synthesized by several methods including free radical polymerization and anionic polymerization. We found that the hole mobility (μh) measured via the space charge limited current (SCLC) technique increased proportionally to the increasing isotacticity from 2.11 × 10-6 cm2 V-1 s-1 (m = 45.5%) to 4.68 × 10-5 cm2 V-1 s-1 (m = 94.7%) in unannealed samples and that mobilities could be boosted as high as 2.74 × 10-4 cm2 V-1 s-1 (m = 94.7%) with thermal annealing, which rivaled the well-known conjugated polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) (μh = 5.8 × 10-4 cm2 V-1 s-1). As such, we report here clear experimental evidence that control of side chain tacticity can enhance charge carrier mobility in nonconjugated pendant electroactive polymers, converging with mobilities typically only observed in conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanket Samal
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
| | - Barry C. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
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8
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9
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Tummers WS, Willmann JK, Bonsing BA, Vahrmeijer AL, Gambhir SS, Swijnenburg RJ. Advances in Diagnostic and Intraoperative Molecular Imaging of Pancreatic Cancer. Pancreas 2018; 47:675-689. [PMID: 29894417 PMCID: PMC6003672 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a dismal prognosis. To improve outcomes, there is a critical need for improved tools for detection, accurate staging, and resectability assessment. This could improve patient stratification for the most optimal primary treatment modality. Molecular imaging, used in combination with tumor-specific imaging agents, can improve established imaging methods for PDAC. These novel, tumor-specific imaging agents developed to target specific biomarkers have the potential to specifically differentiate between malignant and benign diseases, such as pancreatitis. When these agents are coupled to various types of labels, this type of molecular imaging can provide integrated diagnostic, noninvasive imaging of PDAC as well as image-guided pancreatic surgery. This review provides a detailed overview of the current clinical imaging applications, upcoming molecular imaging strategies for PDAC, and potential targets for imaging, with an emphasis on intraoperative imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willemieke S. Tummers
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA. Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Juergen K. Willmann
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA. Juergen K. Willmann died January 8, 2018
| | - Bert A. Bonsing
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sanjiv S. Gambhir
- Address correspondence to: R.J. Swijnenburg, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands (). Tel: +31 71 526 4005, Fax: +31 71 526 6750
| | - Rutger-Jan Swijnenburg
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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10
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Abdel-Fattah AA, Soliman YS, Ghobashy MM. Synthesis and characterization of conjugated and nanostructured poly(propargyl alcohol) polymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-018-1496-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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11
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Yang X, Xue X, Luo Y, Lin TY, Zhang H, Lac D, Xiao K, He Y, Jia B, Lam KS, Li Y. Sub-100nm, long tumor retention SN-38-loaded photonic micelles for tri-modal cancer therapy. J Control Release 2017; 261:297-306. [PMID: 28700898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The tumor penetration and accumulation of nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems are highly dependent on the particle size. Nanomedicines in the sub-100nm range have been suggested by previous studies to have superior antitumor efficacy on various solid tumors. SN-38 is a very important and highly potent drug for several cancers including colon cancer. However, due to the ultra-flat aromatic structure of SN-38, it is typically very difficult to produce sub-100nm, SN-38-encapsulated nanoparticles without modification of the chemical structure. Here, we report on the successful production of 20-30nm, SN-38-encapsulated photonic micelles for effectively trimodal cancer therapy. Taking advantages of the supramolecular "π-π" stacking and hydrophobicity interaction between SN-38, and a unique class of photonic nanoporphyrin micelles (NPM), the extremely hydrophobic SN-38 was successfully encapsulated into NPM with significantly increased water solubility (up to 500 times). At equivalent dose of drug, photosensitizer and light irradiation, combination therapy with SN-38-encapsulated nanoporphyrin micelles (SN-NPM) enhanced the in vitro antitumor activity by 78 and 350 times over single treatment with SN-38 and phototherapy alone, respectively. Due to the relatively small size, SN-NPM possessed superior long tumor retention time (>5days) and much higher accumulation in tumors than in normal organs, as shown by near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging. Furthermore, the trimodal therapy (photothermal-, photodynamic- and chemo-therapy) with SN-NPM demonstrated dramatically enhanced in vivo antitumor efficacy over single treatment on nude mice bearing HT-29 colon cancer xenograft. Therefore, these sub-100nm, SN-38-encapsulated photonic micelles show great promise for multimodal cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixiao Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518000, PR China
| | - Xiangdong Xue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Oncology, 153 Central Hospital, Zhengzhou 450042, PR China
| | - Tzu-Yin Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Hongyong Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Diana Lac
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Kai Xiao
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yixuan He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Bei Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Kit S Lam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Yuanpei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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12
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13
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Altarawneh SS, Jazzazi TMA, Ababneh TS, Al Shboul TMA, Al Jaafreh IY. Synthesis, structures, and density functional theory computational study of thiophene-containing and fluorodecorated imine-linked polymers. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suha S. Altarawneh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology; Tafila Technical University; Tafila Jordan
| | | | - Taher S. Ababneh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology; Tafila Technical University; Tafila Jordan
| | - Tareq M. A. Al Shboul
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology; Tafila Technical University; Tafila Jordan
| | - Ibtesam Y. Al Jaafreh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology; Tafila Technical University; Tafila Jordan
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14
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Morris DL, Zampino AP, Taraboletti AA, Shriver LP, Leeper TC, Ziegler CJ. Lysozyme-catalyzed formation of a conjugated polyacetylene. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01250k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hen egg white lysozyme catalyzes the polymerization of 2-ethynylpyridine in water as the singular protein catalyst. This marks the first time a protein has been observed generating conjugated polymers from alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. L. Morris
- The University of Akron 302 E Buchtel Ave
- Akron
- USA
| | | | | | | | - T. C. Leeper
- The University of Akron 302 E Buchtel Ave
- Akron
- USA
- Kennesaw State University
- Kennesaw
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15
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González-Sánchez MI, Laurenti M, Rubio-Retama J, López-Cabarcos E, Valero E. Searching for the fluorescence quenching mechanism of conjugated polymers by cytochrome c. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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16
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Li J, Xiao H, Yoon SJ, Liu C, Matsuura D, Tai W, Song L, O'Donnell M, Cheng D, Gao X. Functional Photoacoustic Imaging of Gastric Acid Secretion Using pH-Responsive Polyaniline Nanoprobes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:4690-6. [PMID: 27357055 PMCID: PMC5243149 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201601359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A stomach functional imaging technique based on photoacoustics achieves noninvasive gastric acid secretory assessment utilizing pH-responsive polyaniline nanoprobes. A testing protocol mimicking clinical practice is established using a mouse model. After imaging, the nanoprobes are excreted outside the body without inducing systematic toxicity. Further optimization and translation of this technology can help alleviate patients' suffering and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Hong Xiao
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Soon Joon Yoon
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Chengbo Liu
- Shenzhen Key Lab for Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Drew Matsuura
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Wanyi Tai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Liang Song
- Shenzhen Key Lab for Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Matthew O'Donnell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Du Cheng
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Xiaohu Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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17
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Liu Y, Wu P, Jiang J, Wu J, Chen Y, Tan Y, Tan C, Jiang Y. Conjugated Polyelectrolyte Nanoparticles for Apoptotic Cell Imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:21984-21989. [PMID: 27525500 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Three anionic conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) with poly(p-phenylene ethynylene thiophene) backbones were designed and synthesized, among which PPET3-CO2Na showed greater molar extinction coefficient with red-shifted bands in both absorption and emission spectra compared to the well-studied PPE-CO2Na polymer. PPET3-CO2Na was thus chosen to construct CPE-based nanoparticles (CPNs) with cationic octaarginine (R8) peptide through electrostatic-interaction-induced self-assembly. Due to plasma membrane permeabilization and mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) in early apoptotic cells, PPET3/R8 CPNs demonstrated excellent colocalization with MitoTracker Red in apoptotic cells instead of normal cells, which had potential application in cell imaging for early apoptosis recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- The Ministry-Province Jointly Constructed Base for State Key Lab - Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, the Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Pan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- The Ministry-Province Jointly Constructed Base for State Key Lab - Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, the Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jiatao Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- The Ministry-Province Jointly Constructed Base for State Key Lab - Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, the Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- The Ministry-Province Jointly Constructed Base for State Key Lab - Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, the Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Technology and Engineering Laboratory for Personalized Cancer Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute , Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Ying Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- The Ministry-Province Jointly Constructed Base for State Key Lab - Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, the Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Chunyan Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- The Ministry-Province Jointly Constructed Base for State Key Lab - Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, the Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- The Ministry-Province Jointly Constructed Base for State Key Lab - Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, the Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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Arnal B, Wei CW, Li J, Gao X, O'Donnell M. Highly sensitive magneto-motive photoacoustic and ultrasound (PAUS) imaging with cyclic excitations. JOURNAL OF OPTICS (2010) 2016; 18:024009. [PMID: 36176594 PMCID: PMC9518827 DOI: 10.1088/2040-8978/18/2/024009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Highly specific molecular imaging with photoacoustics (PA) must suppress background endogenous signals while maintaining signals from target nanoagents. Magneto-motive PA was introduced to perform motion-based background suppression using a low frequency magnetic field. Previous studies show suppression based on displacement magnitude can suffer if significant physiological motion is present. This limitation can be overcome using cyclic magneto-motive PA (cmmPA), where multiple cycles of an ac magnetic field are used and the coherence of detected displacements is the retrieved information. In this paper, we show a method to enhance the magnetic response of an electromagnet specifically for cmmPA. Several magnetic frequencies were tested and a simple model is proposed to describe displacement frequency dependence. By choosing optimal parameters based on this model, we show that the technique can detect a low number of tagged cells using either US-based or PA-based displacement estimation. In addition, robustness to physiological motion is demonstrated in a moving phantom.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Arnal
- University of Washington, Dept. of Bioengineering, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - C-W Wei
- University of Washington, Dept. of Bioengineering, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J Li
- University of Washington, Dept. of Bioengineering, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - X Gao
- University of Washington, Dept. of Bioengineering, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M O'Donnell
- University of Washington, Dept. of Bioengineering, Seattle, WA, USA
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19
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Lidster BJ, Kumar DR, Spring AM, Yu CY, Turner ML. Alkyl substituted poly(p-phenylene vinylene)s by ring opening metathesis polymerisation. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01186a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The ring opening metathesis polymerisation (ROMP) of three n-octyl substituted [2.2]paracyclophane-1,9-dienes, initiated by Grubbs ruthenium carbene complexes is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Lidster
- Organic Materials Innovation Centre
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - Dharam R. Kumar
- Organic Materials Innovation Centre
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - Andrew M. Spring
- Organic Materials Innovation Centre
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - Chin-Yang Yu
- Organic Materials Innovation Centre
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - Michael L. Turner
- Organic Materials Innovation Centre
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
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20
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Li J, Yoon SJ, Hsieh BY, Tai W, O'Donnell M, Gao X. Stably Doped Conducting Polymer Nanoshells by Surface Initiated Polymerization. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:8217-8222. [PMID: 26588215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite broad applications ranging from electronics to biomedical sensing and imaging, a long-standing problem of conducting polymers is the poor resistance to dedoping, which directly affects their signature electrical and optical properties. This problem is particularly significant for biomedical uses because of fast leaching of dopant ions in physiological environments. Here, we describe a new approach to engineer multimodal core-shell nanoparticles with a stably doped conductive polymer shell in biological environments. It was achieved by making a densely packed polymer brush rather than changing its molecular structure. Polyaniline (PANI) was used as a model compound due to its concentrated near-infrared (NIR) absorption. It was grafted onto a magnetic nanoparticle via a polydopamine intermediate layer. Remarkably, at pH 7 its conductivity is ca. 2000× higher than conventional PANI nanoshells. Similarly, its NIR absorption is enhanced by 2 orders of magnitude, ideal for photothermal imaging and therapy. Another surprising finding is its nonfouling property, even outperforming polyethylene glycol. This platform technology is also expected to open exciting opportunities in engineering stable conductive materials for electronics, imaging, and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Soon Joon Yoon
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Bao-Yu Hsieh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Wanyi Tai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Matthew O'Donnell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Xiaohu Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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21
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Gong H, Xiang J, Xu L, Song X, Dong Z, Peng R, Liu Z. Stimulation of immune systems by conjugated polymers and their potential as an alternative vaccine adjuvant. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:19282-19292. [PMID: 26530014 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06081h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Recently, conjugated polymers have been widely explored in the field of nanomedicine. Careful evaluations of their biological effects are thus urgently needed. Hereby, we systematically evaluated the biological effects of different types of conjugated polymers on macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), which play critical roles in the innate and adaptive immune systems, respectively. While naked poly-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate) ( PEDOT PSS) exhibits a high level of cytotoxicity, polyethylene glycol (PEG) modified PEDOT PSS (PEDOT:PSS-PEG) shows greatly reduced toxicity to various types of cells. To our surprise, PEGylation of PEDOT PSS could obviously enhance the cellular uptake of these nanoparticles, leading to subsequent immune stimulations of both macrophages and DCs. In contrast, another type of conjugated polymer, polypyrrole (PPy), is found to be an inert material with neither significant cytotoxicity nor noticeable immune-stimulation activity. Interestingly, utilizing ovalbumin (OVA) as a model antigen, it is further uncovered in our ex vivo experiment that PEDOT PSS-PEG may serve as an adjuvant to greatly enhance the immunogenicity of OVA upon simple mixing. Our study on the one hand suggests the promise of developing novel nano-adjuvants based on conjugated polymers, and on the other hand highlights the importance of careful evaluations of the impacts of any new nanomaterials developed for nanomedicine on the immune systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Gong
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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22
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Livi F, Gobalasingham NS, Bundgaard E, Thompson BC. Influence of functionality on direct arylation of model systems as a route toward fluorinated copolymers via direct arylation polymerization (DArP). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Livi
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute; University of Southern California; Los Angeles California 90089-1661
- DTU Energy; Technical University of Denmark; Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde Denmark
| | - Nemal S. Gobalasingham
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute; University of Southern California; Los Angeles California 90089-1661
| | - Eva Bundgaard
- DTU Energy; Technical University of Denmark; Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde Denmark
| | - Barry C. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute; University of Southern California; Los Angeles California 90089-1661
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23
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Elacqua E, Weck M. Fabrication of Supramolecular Semiconductor Block Copolymers by Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization. Chemistry 2015; 21:7151-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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24
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Li J, Arnal B, Wei CW, Shang J, Nguyen TM, O’Donnell M, Gao X. Magneto-optical nanoparticles for cyclic magnetomotive photoacoustic imaging. ACS NANO 2015; 9:1964-76. [PMID: 25658655 PMCID: PMC4610822 DOI: 10.1021/nn5069258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging has emerged as a highly promising tool to visualize molecular events with deep tissue penetration. Like most other modalities, however, image contrast under in vivo conditions is far from optimal due to background signals from tissue. Using iron oxide-gold core-shell nanoparticles, we have previously demonstrated the concept of magnetomotive photoacoustic (mmPA) imaging, which is capable of dramatically reducing the influence of background signals and producing high-contrast molecular images. Here, we report two significant advances toward clinical translation of this technology. First, we introduce a new class of compact, uniform, magneto-optically coupled core-shell nanoparticles, prepared through localized copolymerization of polypyrrole (PPy) on an iron oxide nanoparticle surface. The resulting iron oxide-PPy nanoparticles feature high colloidal stability and solve the photoinstability and small-scale synthesis problems previously encountered by the gold coating approach. In parallel, we have developed a new generation of mmPA featuring cyclic magnetic motion and ultrasound speckle tracking (USST), whose imaging capture frame rate is several hundred times faster than the photoacoustic speckle tracking (PAST) method we demonstrated previously. These advances enable robust artifact elimination caused by physiologic motions and demonstrate the application of the mmPA technology for in vivo sensitive tumor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jing Shang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Thu-Mai Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Matthew O’Donnell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Xiaohu Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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25
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Arnal B, Wei CW, Nguyen TM, Li J, Pelivanov I, Gao X, O'Donnell M. Cyclic Magnetomotive Photoacoustic/Ultrasound Imaging. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2015; 9323:93230T. [PMID: 36275045 PMCID: PMC9583729 DOI: 10.1117/12.2084906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Magnetomotive photoacoustic/ultrasound imaging has shown superior specificity in visualizing targeted objects at cellular and molecular levels. By detecting magnet-induced displacements, magnetic-particle-targeted objects can be differentiated from background signals insensitive to the magnetic field. Unfortunately, background physiologic motion interferes during measurement, such as cardiac-induced motion and respiration, greatly reducing the robustness of the technique. In this paper, we propose cyclic magnetomotive imaging with narrowband magnetic excitation. By synchronizing magnetic motion with the excitations, targeted objects moving coherently can be distinguished from background static signals and signals moving incoherently. HeLa cells targeted with magnetic nanoparticle-polymer core-shell particles were used as the targets for an initial test. A linear ultrasound array was interfaced with a commercial scanner to acquire a photoacoustic/ultrasound image sequence (maximum 1000 frames per second) during multi-cycle magnetic excitation (0.5 - 40 Hz frequency range) with an electromagnet. An image mask defined by a threshold on the displacement-coherence map was applied to the original images for background suppression. The results show that contrast was increased by more than 60 dB in an in-vitro experiment with the tagged cells fixed in a polyvinyl-alcohol gel and sandwiched between porcine liver tissues. Using a single sided system, cells injected subcutaneously on the back of a mouse were successfully differentiated from the background, with less than 20 μm coherent magnetic induced displacements isolated from millimetric background breathing motion. These results demonstrate the technique's motion robustness for highly sensitive and specific diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Arnal
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Chen-Wei Wei
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Thu-Mai Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Junwei Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Ivan Pelivanov
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- International Laser Center, Moscow State University, Russian Federation
| | - Xiaohu Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Matthew O'Donnell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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26
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Balasundaram G, Ho CJH, Li K, Driessen W, Dinish US, Wong CL, Ntziachristos V, Liu B, Olivo M. Molecular photoacoustic imaging of breast cancer using an actively targeted conjugated polymer. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:387-97. [PMID: 25609951 PMCID: PMC4294657 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s73558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Conjugated polymers (CPs) are upcoming optical contrast agents in view of their unique optical properties and versatile synthetic chemistry. Biofunctionalization of these polymer-based nanoparticles enables molecular imaging of biological processes. In this work, we propose the concept of using a biofunctionalized CP for noninvasive photoacoustic (PA) molecular imaging of breast cancer. In particular, after verifying the PA activity of a CP nanoparticle (CP dots) in phantoms and the targeting efficacy of a folate-functionalized version of the same (folate-CP dots) in vitro, we systemically administered the probe into a folate receptor-positive (FR+ve) MCF-7 breast cancer xenograft model to demonstrate the possible application of folate-CP dots for imaging FR+ve breast cancers in comparison to CP dots with no folate moieties. We observed a strong PA signal at the tumor site of folate-CP dots-administered mice as early as 1 hour after administration as a result of the active targeting of the folate-CP dots to the FR+ve tumor cells but a weak PA signal at the tumor site of CP-dots-administered mice as a result of the passive accumulation of the probe by enhanced permeability and retention effect. We also observed that folate-CP dots produced ~4-fold enhancement in the PA signal in the tumor, when compared to CP dots. These observations demonstrate the great potential of this active-targeting CP to be used as a contrast agent for molecular PA diagnostic imaging in various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chris Jun Hui Ho
- Bio-Optical Imaging Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Singapore
| | - Kai Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - Wouter Driessen
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - U S Dinish
- Bio-Optical Imaging Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Singapore
| | - Chi Lok Wong
- Bio-Optical Imaging Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Singapore
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - Malini Olivo
- Bio-Optical Imaging Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Singapore ; School of Physics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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27
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Daglar B, Ozgur E, Corman ME, Uzun L, Demirel GB. Polymeric nanocarriers for expected nanomedicine: current challenges and future prospects. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06406b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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28
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Xia S, Lai T, Weng X, Li H, Lin H, Ruan Y, Chen J, Qi Q. Water-dispersible, pH- and ultralong stable, biocompatible, and highly luminescent graphite-like poly(l-proline) dots: a cytoplasm staining reagent. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01726a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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