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Pavlović M, Kahrović E, Aranđelović S, Radulović S, Ilich PP, Grgurić-Šipka S, Ljubijankić N, Žilić D, Jurec J. Tumor selective Ru(III) Schiff bases complexes with strong in vitro activity toward cisplatin-resistant MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. J Biol Inorg Chem 2023; 28:263-284. [PMID: 36781474 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-023-01989-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Novel ruthenium(III) complexes of general formula Na[RuCl2(L1-3-N,O)2] where L(1-3) denote deprotonated Schiff bases (HL1-HL3) derived from 5-substituted salicyladehyde and alkylamine (propyl- or butylamine) were prepared and characterized based on elemental analysis, mass spectra, infrared, electron spin/paramagnetic resonance (ESR/EPR) spectroscopy, and cyclovoltammetric study. Optimization of five isomers of complex C1 was done by DFT calculation. The interaction of C1-C3 complexes with DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) and BSA (Bovine serum albumin) was investigated by electron spectroscopy and fluorescence quenching. The cytotoxic activity of C1-C3 was investigated in a panel of four human cancer cell lines (K562, A549, EA.hy926, MDA-MB-231) and one human non-tumor cell line (MRC-5). Complexes displayed an apparent cytoselective profile, with IC50 values in the low micromolar range from 1.6 ± 0.3 to 23.0 ± 0.1 µM. Cisplatin-resistant triple-negative breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 displayed the highest sensitivity to complexes, with Ru(III) compound containing two chlorides and two deprotonated N-propyl-5-chloro-salicylidenimine (hereinafter C1) as the most potent (IC50 = 1.6 µM), and approximately ten times more active than cisplatin (IC50 = 21.9 µM). MDA-MB-231 cells treated for 24 h with C1 presented with apoptotic morphology, as seen by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining, while 48 h of treatment induced DNA fragmentation, and necrotic changes in cells, as seen by flow cytometry analysis. Drug-accumulation study by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) demonstrated markedly higher intracellular accumulation of C1 compared with cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Pavlović
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Emira Kahrović
- Laboratory for Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33, 71 000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Sandra Aranđelović
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Siniša Radulović
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Predrag-Peter Ilich
- Department of Natural Sciences, Weissman School of Arts and Sciences, Baruch College/CUNY, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Sanja Grgurić-Šipka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevzeta Ljubijankić
- Laboratory for Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33, 71 000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Dijana Žilić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jurica Jurec
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, Croatia
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2
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Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Investigations of Half-Sandwich Ruthenium(II) Complexes Containing Benzimidazole Moiety. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010040. [PMID: 36615237 PMCID: PMC9821818 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Half-sandwich Ru(II) complexes belong to group of biologically active metallo-compounds with promising antimicrobial and anticancer activity. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of arene ruthenium complexes containing benzimidazole moiety, namely, [(η6-p-cymene)RuCl(bimCOO)] (1) and [(η6-p-cymene)RuCl2(bim)] (2) (where bimCOO = benzimidazole-2-carboxylate and bim = 1-H-benzimidazole). The compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, UV-vis and CV. Molecular structures of the complexes were determined by SC-XRD analysis, and the results indicated the presence of a pseudo-tetrahedral (piano stool) geometry. Interactions in the crystals of the Ru complexes using the Hirshfeld surface analysis were also examined. In addition, the biological studies of the complexes, such as antimicrobial assays (against planktonic and adherent microbes), cytotoxicity and lipophilicity, were performed. Antibacterial activity of the complexes was evaluated against S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa PAO1 and LES B58. Cytotoxic activity was tested against primary human fibroblasts and adenocarcinoma human alveolar basal epithelial cells. Obtained biological results show that the ruthenium compounds have bacteriostatic activity toward Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 strain and are not toxic to normal cells. A molecular docking study was applied as a predictive source of information about the plausibility of examined structures binding with HSA as a transporting system.
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3
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Ma X, Lu J, Yang P, Zhang Z, Huang B, Li R, Ye R. 8-Hydroxyquinoline-modified ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes for JMJD inhibition and photodynamic antitumor therapy. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:13902-13909. [PMID: 36040403 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01765b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As an ideal scaffold for metal ion chelation, 8-hydroxyquinoline (8HQ) can chelate different metal ions, such as Fe2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, etc. Here, by integrating 8HQ with a ruthenium(II) polypyridyl moiety, two Ru(II)-8HQ complexes (Ru1 and Ru2), [Ru(N-N)2L](PF6)2 (L = 2-(1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolin-2-yl)quinolin-8-ol; N-N: 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy, in Ru1), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen, in Ru2)) were designed and synthesized. In both complexes, ligand L is an 8HQ derivative designed to chelate the cofactor Fe2+ of jumonji C domain-containing demethylase (JMJD). As expected, Ru1 and Ru2 could inhibit the activity of JMJD by chelating the key cofactor Fe2+ of JMJD, resulting in the upregulation of histone-methylation levels in human lung cancer (A549) cells, and the upregulation was more pronounced under light conditions. In addition, MTT data showed that Ru1 and Ru2 exhibited lower dark toxicity, and light irradiation could significantly enhance their antitumor activity. The marked photodynamic activities of Ru1 and Ru2 could induce the elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and activation of caspases. These mechanistic studies indicated that Ru1 and Ru2 could induce apoptosis through the combination of JMJD inhibitory and PDT activities, thereby achieving dual antitumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiurong Ma
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Junjian Lu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Peixin Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Bo Huang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Rongtao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Ruirong Ye
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
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4
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Half-sandwich ruthenium(II)(η6-p-cymene) complexes: Syntheses, characterization, transfer hydrogenation reactions, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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5
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Hafeez J, Bilal M, Rasool N, Hafeez U, Adnan Ali Shah S, Imran S, Amiruddin Zakaria Z. Synthesis of Ruthenium complexes and their catalytic applications: A review. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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6
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Jabłońska-Wawrzycka A, Rogala P, Czerwonka G, Gałczyńska K, Drabik M, Dańczuk M. Ruthenium Complexes with 2-Pyridin-2-yl-1 H-benzimidazole as Potential Antimicrobial Agents: Correlation between Chemical Properties and Anti-Biofilm Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10113. [PMID: 34576276 PMCID: PMC8471145 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a growing public health concern that requires urgent action. Biofilm-associated resistance to antimicrobials begins at the attachment phase and increases as the biofilms maturate. Hence, interrupting the initial binding process of bacteria to surfaces is essential to effectively prevent biofilm-associated problems. Herein, we have evaluated the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of three ruthenium complexes in different oxidation states with 2-pyridin-2-yl-1H-benzimidazole (L1 = 2,2'-PyBIm): [(η6-p-cymene)RuIIClL1]PF6 (Ru(II) complex), mer-[RuIIICl3(CH3CN)L1]·L1·3H2O (Ru(III) complex), (H2L1)2[RuIIICl4(CH3CN)2]2[RuIVCl4(CH3CN)2]·2Cl·6H2O (Ru(III/IV) complex). The biological activity of the compounds was screened against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. The results indicated that the anti-biofilm activity of the Ru complexes at concentration of 1 mM was better than that of the ligand alone against the P. aeruginosa PAO1. It means that ligand, in combination with ruthenium ion, shows a synergistic effect. The effect of the Ru complexes on cell surface properties was determined by the contact angle and zeta potential values. The electric and physical properties of the microbial surface are useful tools for the examined aggregation phenomenon and disruption of the adhesion. Considering that intermolecular interactions are important and largely define the functions of compounds, we examined interactions in the crystals of the Ru complexes using the Hirshfeld surface analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrycja Rogala
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, 7 Uniwersytecka Str., 25-406 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Czerwonka
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, 7 Uniwersytecka Str., 25-406 Kielce, Poland; (G.C.); (K.G.)
| | - Katarzyna Gałczyńska
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, 7 Uniwersytecka Str., 25-406 Kielce, Poland; (G.C.); (K.G.)
| | - Marcin Drabik
- Institute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, 7 Uniwersytecka Str., 25-406 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Dańczuk
- Faculty of Environmental, Geomatic and Energy Engineering, Kielce University of Technology, 7 Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego Ave., 25-314 Kielce, Poland;
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Mahmud KM, Niloy MS, Shakil MS, Islam MA. Ruthenium Complexes: An Alternative to Platinum Drugs in Colorectal Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1295. [PMID: 34452256 PMCID: PMC8398452 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the intimidating causes of death around the world. CRC originated from mutations of tumor suppressor genes, proto-oncogenes and DNA repair genes. Though platinum (Pt)-based anticancer drugs have been widely used in the treatment of cancer, their toxicity and CRC cells' resistance to Pt drugs has piqued interest in the search for alternative metal-based drugs. Ruthenium (Ru)-based compounds displayed promising anticancer activity due to their unique chemical properties. Ru-complexes are reported to exert their anticancer activities in CRC cells by regulating different cell signaling pathways that are either directly or indirectly associated with cell growth, division, proliferation, and migration. Additionally, some Ru-based drug candidates showed higher potency compared to commercially available Pt-based anticancer drugs in CRC cell line models. Meanwhile Ru nanoparticles coupled with photosensitizers or anticancer agents have also shown theranostic potential towards CRC. Ru-nanoformulations improve drug efficacy, targeted drug delivery, immune activation, and biocompatibility, and therefore may be capable of overcoming some of the existing chemotherapeutic limitations. Among the potential Ru-based compounds, only Ru (III)-based drug NKP-1339 has undergone phase-Ib clinical trials in CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazi Mustafa Mahmud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh; (K.M.M.); (M.S.N.)
| | - Mahruba Sultana Niloy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh; (K.M.M.); (M.S.N.)
| | - Md Salman Shakil
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- Department of Biochemistry, Primeasia University, Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
| | - Md Asiful Islam
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
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8
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Ruthenium Complexes as Promising Candidates against Lung Cancer. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154389. [PMID: 34361543 PMCID: PMC8348655 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common malignancies with the highest mortality rate and the second-highest incidence rate after breast cancer, posing a serious threat to human health. The accidental discovery of the antitumor properties of cisplatin in the early 1960s aroused a growing interest in metal-based compounds for cancer treatment. However, the clinical application of cisplatin is limited by serious side effects and drug resistance. Therefore, other transition metal complexes have been developed for the treatment of different malignant cancers. Among them, Ru(II/III)-based complexes have emerged as promising anticancer drug candidates due to their potential anticancer properties and selective cytotoxic activity. In this review, we summarized the latest developments of Ru(II/III) complexes against lung cancer, focusing mainly on the mechanisms of their biological activities, including induction of apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, cell cycle arrest, inhibition of cell proliferation, and invasion and metastasis of lung cancer cells.
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9
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A New Piano-Stool Ruthenium(II) P-Cymene-Based Complex: Crystallographic, Hirshfeld Surface, DFT, and Luminescent Studies. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A new complex (Ru(η6-p-cymene)(5-ASA)Cl2) (1) where 5-ASA is 5-aminosalicylic acid has been prepared by reacting the ruthenium arene precursors ((η6-arene)Ru(μ-Cl)Cl)2, with the 5-ASA ligands in a 1:1 ratio. Full characterization of complex 1 was accomplished by elemental analysis, IR, and TGA following the structure obtained from a single-crystal X-ray pattern. The structural analysis revealed that complex 1 shows a “piano-stool” geometry with Ru-C (2.160(5)- 2.208(5)Å), Ru-N (2.159(4) Å) distances, which is similar to equivalents sister complex. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to calculate the significant molecular orbital energy levels, binding energies, bond angles, bond lengths, and spectral data (FTIR, NMR, and UV–VIS) of complex 1, consistent with the experimental results. The IR and UV–VIS spectra of complex 1 were computed using all of the methods and choose the most appropriate way to discuss. Hirshfeld surface analysis was also executed to understand the role of weak interactions such as H⋯H, C⋯H, C-H⋯π, and vdW interactions, which play a significant role in the crystal environment’s stability. Moreover, the luminescence results at room temperature show that complex 1 gives a more intense emission band positioned at 465 nm upon excitation at 330 nm makes it a suitable candidate for the building of photoluminescent material.
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10
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Lee SY, Kim CY, Nam TG. Ruthenium Complexes as Anticancer Agents: A Brief History and Perspectives. Drug Des Devel Ther 2020; 14:5375-5392. [PMID: 33299303 PMCID: PMC7721113 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s275007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum (Pt)-based anticancer drugs such as cisplatin have been used to treat various cancers. However, they have some limitations including poor selectivity and toxicity towards normal cells and increasing chemoresistance. Therefore, there is a need for novel metallo-anticancers, which has not been met for decades. Since the initial introduction of ruthenium (Ru) polypyridyl complex, a number of attempts at structural evolution have been conducted to improve efficacy. Among them, half-sandwich Ru-arene complexes have been the most prominent as an anticancer platform. Such complexes have clearly shown superior anticancer profiles such as increased selectivity toward cancer cells and ameliorating toxicity against normal cells compared to existing Pt-based anticancers. Currently, several Ru complexes are under human clinical trials. For improvement in selectivity and toxicity associated with chemotherapy, Ru complexes as photodynamic therapy (PDT), and photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT), which can selectively activate prodrug moieties in a specific region, have also been investigated. With all these studies on these interesting entities, new metallo-anticancer drugs to at least partially replace existing Pt-based anticancers are anticipated. This review covers a brief description of Ru-based anticancer complexes and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Yeul Lee
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Young Kim
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Gyu Nam
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do15588, Republic of Korea
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Scharf S, Kovalski E, Rüffer T, Hildebrandt A, Lang H. Ru
II
and Ru
III
Chloronitrile Complexes: Synthesis, Reaction Chemistry, Solid State Structure, and (Spectro)Electrochemical Behavior. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202000304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Scharf
- Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Technische Universität Chemnitz 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Eduard Kovalski
- Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Technische Universität Chemnitz 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Tobias Rüffer
- Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Technische Universität Chemnitz 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Alexander Hildebrandt
- Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Technische Universität Chemnitz 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Technische Universität Chemnitz 09107 Chemnitz Germany
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12
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Jabłońska-Wawrzycka A, Rogala P, Czerwonka G, Michałkiewicz S, Hodorowicz M, Kowalczyk P. Ruthenium(IV) Complexes as Potential Inhibitors of Bacterial Biofilm Formation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214938. [PMID: 33114511 PMCID: PMC7662803 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing antimicrobial resistance there is an urgent need for new strategies to control harmful biofilms. In this study, we have investigated the possibility of utilizing ruthenium(IV) complexes (H3O)2(HL1)2[RuCl6]·2Cl·2EtOH (1) and [RuCl4(CH3CN)2](L32)·H2O (2) (where L1-2-hydroxymethylbenzimadazole, L32-1,4-dihydroquinoxaline-2,3-dione) as effective inhibitors for biofilms formation. The biological activities of the compounds were explored using E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa PAO1, and P. aeruginosa LES B58. The new chloride ruthenium complexes were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, Hirshfeld surface analysis, FT-IR, UV-Vis, magnetic and electrochemical (CV, DPV) measurements, and solution conductivity. In the obtained complexes, the ruthenium(IV) ions possess an octahedral environment. The intermolecular classical and rare weak hydrogen bonds, and π···π stacking interactions significantly contribute to structure stabilization, leading to the formation of a supramolecular assembly. The microbiological tests have shown complex 1 exhibited a slightly higher anti-biofilm activity than that of compound 2. Interestingly, electrochemical studies have allowed us to determine the relationship between the oxidizing properties of complexes and their biological activity. Probably the mechanism of action of 1 and 2 is associated with generating a cellular response similar to oxidative stress in bacterial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Jabłońska-Wawrzycka
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, 7 Uniwersytecka Str., 25-406 Kielce, Poland; (P.R.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Patrycja Rogala
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, 7 Uniwersytecka Str., 25-406 Kielce, Poland; (P.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Grzegorz Czerwonka
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, 7 Uniwersytecka Str., 25-406 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Sławomir Michałkiewicz
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, 7 Uniwersytecka Str., 25-406 Kielce, Poland; (P.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Maciej Hodorowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Paweł Kowalczyk
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Instytucka Str., 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland;
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13
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Vishnoi P, Zuo JL, Strom TA, Wu G, Wilson SD, Seshadri R, Cheetham AK. Structural Diversity and Magnetic Properties of Hybrid Ruthenium Halide Perovskites and Related Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pratap Vishnoi
- Materials Research Laboratory University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Julia L. Zuo
- Materials Department University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - T. Amanda Strom
- Materials Research Laboratory University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Guang Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Stephen D. Wilson
- Materials Department University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Ram Seshadri
- Materials Research Laboratory University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
- Materials Department University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Anthony K. Cheetham
- Materials Research Laboratory University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
- Materials Department University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117576 Singapore
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14
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Vishnoi P, Zuo JL, Strom TA, Wu G, Wilson SD, Seshadri R, Cheetham AK. Structural Diversity and Magnetic Properties of Hybrid Ruthenium Halide Perovskites and Related Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8974-8981. [PMID: 32251548 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
There has been a great deal of recent interest in extended compounds containing Ru3+ and Ru4+ in light of their range of unusual physical properties. Many of these properties are displayed in compounds with the perovskite and related structures. Here we report an array of structurally diverse hybrid ruthenium halide perovskites and related compounds: MA2 RuX6 (X=Cl or Br), MA2 MRuX6 (M=Na, K or Ag; X=Cl or Br) and MA3 Ru2 X9 (X=Br) based upon the use of methylammonium (MA=CH3 NH3 + ) on the perovskite A site. The compounds MA2 RuX6 with Ru4+ crystallize in the trigonal space group R 3 ‾ m and can be described as vacancy-ordered double-perovskites. The ordered compounds MA2 MRuX6 with M+ and Ru3+ crystallize in a structure related to BaNiO3 with alternating MX6 and RuX6 face-shared octahedra forming linear chains in the trigonal P 3 ‾ m space group. The compound MA3 Ru2 Br9 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Cmcm space group and displays pairs of face-sharing octahedra forming isolated Ru2 Br9 moieties with very short Ru-Ru contacts of 2.789 Å. The structural details, including the role of hydrogen bonding and dimensionality, as well as the optical and magnetic properties of these compounds are described. The magnetic behavior of all three classes of compounds is influenced by spin-orbit coupling and their temperature-dependent behavior has been compared with the predictions of the appropriate Kotani models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratap Vishnoi
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Julia L Zuo
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - T Amanda Strom
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Guang Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Stephen D Wilson
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Ram Seshadri
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.,Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Anthony K Cheetham
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.,Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.,Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
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15
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Richert M, Walczyk M, Cieślak MJ, Kaźmierczak-Barańska J, Królewska-Golińska K, Wrzeszcz G, Muzioł T, Biniak S. Synthesis, X-ray structure, physicochemical properties and anticancer activity of mer and fac Ru(iii) triphenylphosphine complexes with a benzothiazole derivative as a co-ligand. Dalton Trans 2020; 48:10689-10702. [PMID: 31241117 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01803d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Two mononuclear ruthenium(iii) mer- and fac-isomers of the formula [RuCl3(PPh3)(dmpbt)] (where PPh3 = triphenylphosphine, dmpbt = 2-(3,5-dimethylpyrazoll-yl)benzothiazole) have been synthesised from the reaction of [RuCl3(PPh3)3] with a bidentate ligand - dmpbt. Appropriate reaction conditions allowed obtaining the two isomers separately without separation techniques. X-ray crystallography has determined the crystal and molecular structures of the new complexes. mer-Ru(iii) (1) crystallised in the monoclinic P2(1)/n group, and fac-Ru(iii) (2, 2') in the triclinic P1[combining macron] space group. The composition of the ruthenium coordination sphere was confirmed and characterised using spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR, UV-vis and EPR), elemental analysis and mass spectrometry (MS-FAB). The structures of the complexes obtained were analysed using X-ray and other spectroscopic methods (IR and UV-vis). The electrochemical properties of the ligand and the complex compound were identified using cyclic voltammetry, determining the potential and charge of faradaic processes. Both isomers are redox active and display quasi-reversible metal centered redox processes for the Ru(iii)/Ru(ii) pair. Moreover, preliminary tests of their biological activity were performed. The cytotoxicity of these compounds has been tested for human lung carcinoma (A549), chronic myelogenous leukemia (K562), human cervix carcinoma (HeLa) cells, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (MOLT-4), human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7) and normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The ability to induce apoptosis has been demonstrated in caspase 3/7 activity assay. In addition, the lipophilicity of both isomers was described by a partition coefficient, log P, values of which were estimated by the shake-flask method. The interesting and promising preliminary results of the biological and chemical activities of the new octahedral mer/fac Ru(iii) complexes motivate further in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Richert
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Jurasza 2, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Walczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Marcin Janusz Cieślak
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lódź, Poland.
| | - Julia Kaźmierczak-Barańska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lódź, Poland.
| | - Karolina Królewska-Golińska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lódź, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Wrzeszcz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Muzioł
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Stanisław Biniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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16
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Rogala P, Czerwonka G, Michałkiewicz S, Hodorowicz M, Barszcz B, Jabłońska-Wawrzycka A. Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Ruthenium Complexes with Heteroaromatic Carboxylic Acids. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900403. [PMID: 31515947 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of two new ruthenium complexes against E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa PAO1 (laboratory strain) and P. aeruginosa LES B58 (clinical strain) were evaluated. Complexes, mer-[RuIII (2-bimc)3 ] ⋅ H2 O (1) and cis-[RuIV Cl2 (2,3-pydcH)2 ] ⋅ 4H2 O (2), were obtained using aromatic carboxylic acid ligands, namely, 1H-benzimidazole-2-carboxylic acid (2-bimcH) and pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (2,3-pydcH2 ). Compounds were physicochemically characterized using X-ray diffraction, Hirshfeld surface analysis, IR and UV/VIS spectroscopies, as well as magnetic and electrochemical measurements. Structural characterization revealed that Ru(III) and Ru(IV) ions in the complexes adopt a distorted octahedral geometry. The intermolecular classical and weak hydrogen bonds, and π⋅⋅⋅π contacts significantly contribute to structure stabilization, leading to the formation of a supramolecular assembly. Biological studies have shown that the Ru complexes inhibit the growth of bacteria and biofilm formation by the tested strains and the complexes seem to be a potential as antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Rogala
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, 15G Świętokrzyska St., 25-406, Kielce, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Czerwonka
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University in, Kielce 15G Świętokrzyska St., 25-406, Kielce, Poland
| | - Sławomir Michałkiewicz
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, 15G Świętokrzyska St., 25-406, Kielce, Poland
| | - Maciej Hodorowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa St., 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Barszcz
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, 15G Świętokrzyska St., 25-406, Kielce, Poland
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17
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Czerwonka G, Gmiter D, Guzy A, Rogala P, Jabłońska-Wawrzycka A, Borkowski A, Cłapa T, Narożna D, Kowalczyk P, Syczewski M, Drabik M, Dańczuk M, Kaca W. A benzimidazole-based ruthenium(IV) complex inhibits Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation by interacting with siderophores and the cell envelope, and inducing oxidative stress. BIOFOULING 2019; 35:59-74. [PMID: 30727772 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2018.1564818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm-associated infections are a serious medical problem, and new compounds and therapies acting through novel mechanisms are much needed. Herein, the authors report a ruthenium(IV) complex that reduces P. aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm formation by 84%, and alters biofilm morphology and the living-to-dead cell ratio at 1 mM concentration. Including the compound in the culture medium altered the pigments secreted by PAO1, and fluorescence spectra revealed a decrease in pyoverdine. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the ruthenium complex did not penetrate the bacterial cell wall, but accumulated on external cell structures. Fluorescence quenching experiments indicated strong binding of the ruthenium complex to both plasmid DNA and bovine serum albumin. Formamidopyrimidine DNA N-glycosylase (Fpg) protein digestion of plasmid DNA isolated after ruthenium(IV) complex treatment revealed the generation of oxidative stress, which was further proved by the observed upregulation of catalase and superoxide dismutase gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Czerwonka
- a Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology , Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce , Poland
| | - Dawid Gmiter
- a Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology , Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce , Poland
| | - Anna Guzy
- a Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology , Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce , Poland
| | - Patrycja Rogala
- b Institute of Chemistry , Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce , Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Borkowski
- c Faculty of Geology, Geomicrobiology Laboratory , University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Tomasz Cłapa
- d Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Poznan University of Life Sciences , Poznań , Poland
| | - Dorota Narożna
- d Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , Poznan University of Life Sciences , Poznań , Poland
| | - Paweł Kowalczyk
- e Department of Animal Nutrition , The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences , Jabłonna , Poland
| | | | - Marcin Drabik
- g Department of Astrophysics, Institute of Physics , Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce , Poland
| | - Magdalena Dańczuk
- h Faculty of Environmental, Geomatic and Energy Engineering , Kielce University of Technology , Kielce , Poland
| | - Wiesław Kaca
- a Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology , Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce , Poland
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18
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Sharutin VV, Sharutina OK, Senchurin VS, Andreev PV. Synthesis and Structure of Ruthenium Complexes
$$\rm[{Ph_{3}PR]_2^+[RuCl_6]^{2-}}$$
[
P
h
3
P
R
]
2
+
[
R
u
C
l
6
]
2
−
(R = C2H5, CH=CHCH3, CH2CH=CHCH3, CH2OCH3), and
$$\rm[{Ph_{3}PCH_2CH=CHCH_2{PPh_3}]_2^{2+}[Ru_2Cl_{10}O]^{4-}}$$
[
P
h
3
P
C
H
2
C
H
=
C
H
C
H
2
P
P
h
3
]
2
2
+
[
R
u
2
C
l
10
O
]
4
−
· 4H2O. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023618090188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Lakshmanan R, Shivaprakash NC, Sindhu S. Orange Fluorescent Ru(III) Complexes Based on 4'-Aryl Substituted 2,2':6',2″-Terpyridine for OLEDs Application. J Fluoresc 2017; 28:173-182. [PMID: 28956219 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-017-2180-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of ruthenium (III) complexes of the formulae [Ru(4-Mephtpy)2]Cl3(1) [Ru(L 1 )], [Ru(3,4,5-tmphtpy)2]Cl3(2) [Ru(L 2 )], and [Ru(4-thptpy)2]Cl3(3) [Ru(L 3 )], (where L = terpy = 2.2':6'2″ terpyridine ligands) are synthesized. The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, spectroscopic and electrochemical data. The density functional theory (DFT) outlines the geometric optimisation and electronic charge transition of these complexes. Photophysical studies describe that the luminescence of Ru(III) complexes is due to electronic transition between the energy levels of singly unoccupied molecular orbitals (SUMO) and singly occupied molecular orbitals (SOMO). It also exhibits the potential charge transfer to π-π* and n-π* states due to MLCT and ILCT processes of the complexes. The observed bands centered at 591 and 620 nm demonstrate that these emissions originated from the transition of SUMO to SOMO energy levels, that is, from the radiative decay from the doublet exciton. Due to the heavy metal effect of Ru(III) ions the photophysical behaviour depends on the MLCT process. In conclusion, that the all three Ru(L 1 -L 3 ) complexes are fallen orange emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Lakshmanan
- Department of Physics, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - N C Shivaprakash
- Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - S Sindhu
- Department of Physics, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India.
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20
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Matsumoto K, Kannami M, Oda M. 2-[Tris(pyridin-2-yl)methyl]pyridinium trans-bis(acetonitrile)tetrachloridoruthenate(III) acetonitrile monosolvate. IUCRDATA 2017. [DOI: 10.1107/s2414314617013712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [(C5H4N)3C(C5H5N)][RuCl4(CH3CN)2]·CH3CN, contains one 2-[tris(pyridin-2-yl)methyl]pyridinium cation, onetrans-bis(acetonitrile)tetrachloridoruthenate(III) anion and one acetonitrile solvent molecule. The RuIIIion is coordinated by four Cl−anions in the equatorial plane and by two acetonitrile ligands in the axial positions, forming a distorted octahedral geometry. The cation, the monoprotonated species of tetrakis(pyridin-2-yl)methane, forms an intramolecular N—H...N hydrogen bond between the pyridinium ring and one of the pyridine rings. The complex anions are linked to each otherviaC—H...Cl hydrogen bonds, forming an undulating sheet parallel to theacplane. A C—H...N hydrogen bond between the cation and the anion is also observed. The solvate acetonitrile molecule forms C—H...N and C—H...Cl hydrogen bonds, respectively, with the cation and the anion.
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21
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Assembly of five coordination polymers based on 5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-25-(carboxymethoxy)-calix[4]arene ligand. Chem Res Chin Univ 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-017-6366-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Masternak J, Zienkiewicz-Machnik M, Kowalik M, Jabłońska-Wawrzycka A, Rogala P, Adach A, Barszcz B. Recent advances in coordination chemistry of metal complexes based on nitrogen heteroaromatic alcohols. Synthesis, structures and potential applications. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Liu QX, Zhao ZX, Zhao XJ, Bi Y, Yu J, Wang XG. Preparation, crystal structures and conformations of six complexes based on 1,4-bis(benzimidazol-1-ylmethyl)-2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzene. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ce00215f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Six manganese(ii), cobalt(ii), copper(ii) and cadmium(ii) complexes based on dibenzimidazolyl ligands with the 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene linker have been prepared and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Xiang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
| | - Zhi-Xiang Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
| | - Xiao-Jun Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
| | - Yue Bi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
| | - Jie Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
| | - Xiu-Guang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
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