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Haque M, Shakil MS, Mahmud KM. The Promise of Nanoparticles-Based Radiotherapy in Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061892. [PMID: 36980778 PMCID: PMC10047050 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation has been utilized for a long time for the treatment of cancer patients. However, radiotherapy (RT) has many constraints, among which non-selectivity is the primary one. The implementation of nanoparticles (NPs) with RT not only localizes radiation in targeted tissue but also provides significant tumoricidal effect(s) compared to radiation alone. NPs can be functionalized with both biomolecules and therapeutic agents, and their combination significantly reduces the side effects of RT. NP-based RT destroys cancer cells through multiple mechanisms, including ROS generation, which in turn damages DNA and other cellular organelles, inhibiting of the DNA double-strand damage-repair system, obstructing of the cell cycle, regulating of the tumor microenvironment, and killing of cancer stem cells. Furthermore, such combined treatments overcome radioresistance and drug resistance to chemotherapy. Additionally, NP-based RT in combined treatments have shown synergistic therapeutic benefit(s) and enhanced the therapeutic window. Furthermore, a combination of phototherapy, i.e., photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy with NP-based RT, not only reduces phototoxicity but also offers excellent therapeutic benefits. Moreover, using NPs with RT has shown promise in cancer treatment and shown excellent therapeutic outcomes in clinical trials. Therefore, extensive research in this field will pave the way toward improved RT in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munima Haque
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, BRAC University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Salman Shakil
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, BRAC University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Mustafa Mahmud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
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Mahmud KM, Hossain MM, Polash SA, Takikawa M, Shakil MS, Uddin MF, Alam M, Ali Khan Shawan MM, Saha T, Takeoka S, Hasan MA, Sarker SR. Investigation of Antimicrobial Activity and Biocompatibility of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized using Syzigyum cymosum Extract. ACS Omega 2022; 7:27216-27229. [PMID: 35967026 PMCID: PMC9366946 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanotherapeutics has emerged as the most sought after approach to tackle the menace of drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria. Among others, biogenic silver nanoparticles (bAgNPs) synthesized using medicinal plant extracts demonstrate promising antibacterial propensity with excellent biocompatibility. Herein, bAgNPs were synthesized through the green chemistry approach using Syzygium cymosum leaf extract as a reducing agent at different pH values (i.e., 5, 7, 8, and 10). The average size of bAgNPs synthesized at pH 5, 7, 8, and 10 was 23.3, 21.3, 17.2, and 35.3 nm, respectively, and all the nanoparticles were negatively charged. Their antibacterial potential was investigated against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli DH5α, E. coli K12, enteropathogenic E. coli, and Salmonella typhi. The highest antibacterial activity was exhibited by bAgNPs synthesized at pH 8 against all the tested bacterial strains, which can be attributed to their small size and greater surface area to volume ratio. The bAgNPs demonstrated the highest zone of inhibition (29.5 ± 0.8 mm) against B. subtilis through oxidation of membrane fatty acids that resulted in the formation of the malondialdehyde-thiobarbituric acid (MDA-TBA) adduct. However, bAgNPs demonstrated excellent hemocompatibility with rat and human red blood cells. Biogenic AgNPs synthesized at pH 8 also exhibited biocompatibility in terms of liver and kidney function biomarkers. Furthermore, hematoxylin and eosin staining of the tissue sections of vital organs (i.e., liver, kidneys, lungs, heart, spleen, and brain) also confirmed the biocompatibility of bAgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazi Mustafa Mahmud
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar
University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Monir Hossain
- Department
of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Shakil Ahmed Polash
- Department
of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
- Nano
Biotechnology Research Laboratory (NBRL), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Masato Takikawa
- Department
of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda
University (TWIns), Shinju-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Md Salman Shakil
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar
University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
- Department
of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brac
University, 66 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Forhad Uddin
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar
University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Morshed Alam
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar
University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | | | - Tanushree Saha
- Department
of Textile Engineering, Dhaka University
of Engineering and Technology, Gazipur 1707, Bangladesh
- School
of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Shinji Takeoka
- Department
of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advance
Science and Engineering, Waseda University
(TWIns), Shinju-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Md. Ashraful Hasan
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar
University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Satya Ranjan Sarker
- Department
of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
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Mahmud KM, Niloy MS, Shakil MS, Islam MA. Ruthenium Complexes: An Alternative to Platinum Drugs in Colorectal Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1295. [PMID: 34452256 PMCID: PMC8398452 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the intimidating causes of death around the world. CRC originated from mutations of tumor suppressor genes, proto-oncogenes and DNA repair genes. Though platinum (Pt)-based anticancer drugs have been widely used in the treatment of cancer, their toxicity and CRC cells' resistance to Pt drugs has piqued interest in the search for alternative metal-based drugs. Ruthenium (Ru)-based compounds displayed promising anticancer activity due to their unique chemical properties. Ru-complexes are reported to exert their anticancer activities in CRC cells by regulating different cell signaling pathways that are either directly or indirectly associated with cell growth, division, proliferation, and migration. Additionally, some Ru-based drug candidates showed higher potency compared to commercially available Pt-based anticancer drugs in CRC cell line models. Meanwhile Ru nanoparticles coupled with photosensitizers or anticancer agents have also shown theranostic potential towards CRC. Ru-nanoformulations improve drug efficacy, targeted drug delivery, immune activation, and biocompatibility, and therefore may be capable of overcoming some of the existing chemotherapeutic limitations. Among the potential Ru-based compounds, only Ru (III)-based drug NKP-1339 has undergone phase-Ib clinical trials in CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazi Mustafa Mahmud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh; (K.M.M.); (M.S.N.)
| | - Mahruba Sultana Niloy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh; (K.M.M.); (M.S.N.)
| | - Md Salman Shakil
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- Department of Biochemistry, Primeasia University, Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
| | - Md Asiful Islam
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
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Niloy MS, Hossain MM, Takikawa M, Shakil MS, Polash SA, Mahmud KM, Uddin MF, Alam M, Shubhra RD, Shawan MMAK, Saha T, Takeoka S, Hasan MA, Ranjan Sarker S. Synthesis of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Using Caesalpinia digyna and Investigation of Their Antimicrobial Activity and In Vivo Biocompatibility. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2020; 3:7722-7733. [PMID: 35019512 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Among metallic nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have a wide spectrum of medical applications. Herein, biogenic silver nanoparticles (bAgNPs) were prepared from extracts of Caesalpinia digyna leaf as a reducing agent at different pH values (i.e., 5, 7, 8, and 10). The as-synthesized bAgNPs were characterized using UV-vis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies, scanning transmission electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction analysis, dynamic light scattering, and ζ-potential analysis. The sizes of bAgNPs prepared at pH 5, 7, 8, and 10 were 45.4, 11.3, 11.4, and 40.8 nm, respectively, and all of the nanoparticles were negatively charged. The antimicrobial activity of the as-prepared bAgNPs was investigated against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli DH5α, E. coli K12, enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and Salmonella typhi. The bAgNPs prepared at pH 8 showed the highest antibacterial propensity against all of the bacterial strains as exhibited in the zone of inhibition (ZOI) as well as the CellTox green assay, which can be due to their relatively small size, stability, and higher surface area-to-volume ratio. The bAgNPs synthesized at pH 8 showed the highest ZOI against B. subtilis, which was ∼25 mm in diameter. The lipid peroxidation assay demonstrated the formation of the malondialdehyde-thiobarbituric acid (MDA-TBA) adduct while treating the bacteria with bAgNPs due to the oxidation of fatty acids present in the membrane. The highest amount of MDA-TBA adduct was observed when Gram-positive B. subtilis was exposed to bAgNPs. On the contrary, rats treated with bAgNPs demonstrated no significant toxicity in terms of hematological and biochemical parameters. The bAgNPs also showed excellent compatibility with human red blood cells. Overall, bAgNPs synthesized at pH 8 have superior antimicrobial activity and excellent biocompatibility and, therefore, can be used as potential antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahruba Sultana Niloy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Md Monir Hossain
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Masato Takikawa
- Department of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University (TWIns), Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Md Salman Shakil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Shakil Ahmed Polash
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh.,Nano Biotechnology Research Laboratory (NBRL), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Kazi Mustafa Mahmud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Md Forhad Uddin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Morshed Alam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Razib Datta Shubhra
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | | | - Tanushree Saha
- Department of Textile Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, Gazipur 1707, Bangladesh.,School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Shinji Takeoka
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University (TWIns), Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Md Ashraful Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Satya Ranjan Sarker
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
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