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Farh MK, Louzi I, Abul-Futouh H, Görls H, Häfner N, Runnebaum IB, Weigand W. Platinum(II) and palladium(II) complexes mediated by β-hydroxy-dithioesters ferrocenyl derivatives: synthesis, characterization and antiproliferative activity. J Sulphur Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2022.2152285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Micheal K. Farh
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ikrame Louzi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Hassan Abul-Futouh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Helmar Görls
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Norman Häfner
- Department of Gynecology, Jena University Hospital- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ingo B. Runnebaum
- Department of Gynecology, Jena University Hospital- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Weigand
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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2
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Farh MK, Gruschwitz FV, Ziegenbalg N, Abul-Futouh H, Görls H, Weigand W, Brendel JC. Dual Function of β-hydroxy Dithiocinnamic Esters: RAFT Agent and Ligand for Metal Complexation. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200428. [PMID: 35751415 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) process has become a versatile tool for the preparation of defined polymers tolerating a large variety of functional groups. Several dithioesters, trithiocarbonates, xanthates, or dithiocarbamates have been developed as effective chain transfer agents (CTA), but only few examples have been reported, where the resulting end groups are directly considered for a secondary use besides controlling the polymerization. We here demonstrate that β-hydroxy dithiocinnamic esters represent a hitherto overlooked class of materials, which were originally designed for the complexation of transition metals but might as well act as reversible CTA. Modified with a suitable leaving group (R-group), these vinyl conjugated dithioesters indeed provide reasonable control over the polymerization of acrylates, acrylamides, or styrene via the RAFT process. Kinetic studies revealed linear evolutions of molar mass with conversion, while different substituents on the aromatic unit had only a minor influence. Block extensions prove the livingness of the polymer chains, although extended polymerization times may lead to side reactions. The resulting dithiocinnamic ester end groups are still able to form complexes with platinum, which verifies that the structural integrity of the end group is maintained. These findings open a versatile new route to tailor-made polymer bound metal complexes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micheal K Farh
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Franka V Gruschwitz
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Nicole Ziegenbalg
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Hassan Abul-Futouh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
| | - Helmar Görls
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Weigand
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes C Brendel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
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3
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Novel Nickel(II), Palladium(II), and Platinum(II) Complexes with O, S Bidendate Cinnamic Acid Ester Derivatives: An In Vitro Cytotoxic Comparison to Ruthenium(II) and Osmium(II) Analogues. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126669. [PMID: 35743112 PMCID: PMC9224311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Since the discovery of cisplatin’s cytotoxic properties, platinum(II) compounds have attracted much interest in the field of anticancer drug development. Over the last few years, classical structure−activity relationships (SAR) have been broken by some promising new compounds based on platinum or other metals. We focus on the synthesis and characterization of 17 different complexes with β-hydroxydithiocinnamic acid esters as O,S bidendate ligands for nickel(II), palladium(II), and platinum(II) complexes. (2) Methods: The bidendate compounds were synthesized and characterized using classical methods including NMR spectroscopy, MS spectrometry, elemental analysis, and X-ray crystallography, and their cytotoxic potential was assessed using in vitro cell culture assays. Data were compared with other recently reported platinum(II), ruthenium(II), and osmium(II) complexes based on the same main ligand system. (3) Results: SAR analyses regarding the metal ion (M), and the alkyl-chain position (P) and length (L), revealed the following order of the effect strength for in vitro activity: M > P > L. The highest activities have Pd complexes and ortho-substituted compounds. Specific palladium(II) complexes show lower IC50 values compared to cisplatin, are able to elude cisplatin resistance mechanisms, and show a higher cancer cell specificity. (4) Conclusion: A promising new palladium(II) candidate (Pd3) should be evaluated in further studies using in vivo model systems, and the identified SARs may help to target platinum-resistant tumors.
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Morales K, Rodríguez-Calado S, Hernando J, Lorenzo J, Rodríguez-Diéguez A, Jaime C, Nolis P, Capdevila M, Palacios Ò, Figueredo M, Bayón P. Synthesis and In Vitro Studies of Photoactivatable Semisquaraine-type Pt(II) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:7729-7745. [PMID: 35522899 PMCID: PMC9131461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The synthesis, full
characterization, photochemical properties,
and cytotoxic activity toward cisplatin-resistant cancer cell lines
of new semisquaraine-type Pt(II) complexes are presented. The synthesis
of eight semisquaraine-type ligands has been carried out by means
of an innovative, straightforward methodology. A thorough structural
NMR and X-ray diffraction analysis of the new ligands and complexes
has been done. Density functional theory calculations have allowed
to assign the trans configuration of the platinum
center. Through the structural modification of the ligands, it has
been possible to synthesize some complexes, which have turned out
to be photoactive at wavelengths that allow their activation in cell
cultures and, importantly, two of them show remarkable solubility
in biological media. Photodegradation processes have been studied
in depth, including the structural identification of photoproducts,
thus justifying the changes observed after irradiation. From biological
assessment, complexes C7 and C8 have been
demonstrated to behave as promising photoactivatable compounds in
the assayed cancer cell lines. Upon photoactivation, both complexes
are capable of inducing a higher cytotoxic effect on the tested cells
compared with nonphotoactivated compounds. Among the observed results,
it is remarkable to note that C7 showed a PI > 50
in
HeLa cells, and C8 showed a PI > 40 in A2780 cells,
being
also effective over cisplatin-resistant A2780cis cells (PI = 7 and
PI = 4, respectively). The mechanism of action of these complexes
has been studied, revealing that these photoactivated platinum complexes
would actually present a combined mode of action, a therapeutically
potential advantage. The
synthesis, full characterization, photochemical properties,
and cytotoxic activity toward cisplatin-resistant cancer cell lines
of new semisquaraine-type Pt(II) complexes are presented. Eight semisquaraine-type
ligands and their corresponding Pt(II) complexes have been studied.
These complexes have turned out to be photoactive at wavelengths that
allow their activation in cell cultures. Two of them display remarkable
solubility in biological media showing a promising behavior as photoactivatable
compounds against several cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Morales
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Sergi Rodríguez-Calado
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (IBB) and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Campus UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Jordi Hernando
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Julia Lorenzo
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (IBB) and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Campus UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Diéguez
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Av/Severo Ochoa s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Carlos Jaime
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Pau Nolis
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Mercè Capdevila
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Òscar Palacios
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Marta Figueredo
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Pau Bayón
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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5
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Synthesis, Antiproliferative Activity, and DNA Binding Studies of Nucleoamino Acid-Containing Pt(II) Complexes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13100284. [PMID: 33007911 PMCID: PMC7600948 DOI: 10.3390/ph13100284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We here report our studies on the reaction with the platinum(II) ion of a nucleoamino acid constituted by the l-2,3-diaminopropanoic acid linked to the thymine nucleobase through a methylenecarbonyl linker. The obtained new platinum complexes, characterized by spectroscopic and mass spectrometric techniques, were envisaged to exploit synergistic effects due to the presence of both the platinum center and the nucleoamino acid moiety. The latter can be potentially useful to protect the complexes from early deactivation, as well as to facilitate their cell internalization. The biological activity of the complexes in terms of antiproliferative effects was evaluated in vitro on different cancer cell lines and healthy cells, showing the best results on human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cells along with good selectivity for cancer over normal cells. In contrast, the metal-free nucleoamino acid did not show any cytotoxicity on both normal and cancer cell lines. Finally, the ability of the novel Pt(II) complexes to bind various DNA model systems was investigated by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analyses proving that the newly obtained compounds can potentially target DNA, similarly to other well-known anticancer Pt complexes, with a peculiar G-quadruplex vs. duplex selectivity.
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6
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Synthesis, DNA binding studies, and antiproliferative activity of novel Pt(II)-complexes with an L-alanyl-based ligand. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 203:110868. [PMID: 31837618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An artificial alanine-based amino acid {(S)-2-amino-3-[4-propyl-3-(thiophen-2-yl)-5-thioxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]propanoic acid, here named TioxAla}, bearing a substituted triazolyl-thione group on the side chain and able to bind RNA biomedical targets, was here chosen as a valuable scaffold for the synthesis of new platinum complexes with potential dual action owing to the concomitant presence of the metal centre and the amino acid moiety. Three new platinum complexes, obtained from the reaction of TioxAla with K2PtCl4, were characterized by mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and UV-vis spectroscopy: one compound (Pt1, bis-{(S)-2-amino-3-[4-propyl-3-(thiophen-2-yl)-5-thioxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]propanoate-O,S} platinum(II)) consisted of two amino acid units coordinating the Pt(II) ion; the other two, Pt2 [potassium dichloro-{(S)-2-amino-3-[4-propyl-3-(thiophen-2-yl)-5-thioxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]propanoate (O,S)} platinum(II)] and Pt3 [potassium dichloro-{(S)-2-amino-3-[4-propyl-3-(thiophen-2-yl)-5-thioxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]propanoate (O,N)} platinum(II)], were isomers bearing one TioxAla unit, and two chlorides as Pt-ligands. Pt coordination involved preferentially the amino, carboxylic and thione functions of TioxAla. By preliminary antiproliferative assays, a moderate cytotoxic activity on cancer cells was observed only for Pt2 and Pt3, while no anticancer activity was found for both the chloride-free complex (Pt1) and TioxAla. This cytotoxicity, however lower than that of cisplatin, well correlated with the marked ability, here found only for Pt2 and Pt3 complexes, to bind DNA sequences either in random coil or in structured forms (duplex and G-quadruplex), as verified by spectroscopic and spectrometric analysis.
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7
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Florio D, Malfitano AM, Di Somma S, Mügge C, Weigand W, Ferraro G, Iacobucci I, Monti M, Morelli G, Merlino A, Marasco D. Platinum(II) O, S Complexes Inhibit the Aggregation of Amyloid Model Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040829. [PMID: 30769904 PMCID: PMC6413125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Platinum(II) complexes with different cinnamic acid derivatives as ligands were investigated for their ability to inhibit the aggregation process of amyloid systems derived from Aβ, Yeast Prion Protein Sup35p and the C-terminal domain of nucleophosmin 1. Thioflavin T binding assays and circular dichroism data indicate that these compounds strongly inhibit the aggregation of investigated peptides exhibiting IC50 values in the micromolar range. MS analysis confirms the formation of adducts between peptides and Pt(II) complexes that are also able to reduce amyloid cytotoxicity in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Overall data suggests that bidentate ligands based on β-hydroxy dithiocinnamic esters can be used to develop platinum or platinoid compounds with anti-amyloid aggregation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Florio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli 80134, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Malfitano
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli 80131, Italy.
| | - Sarah Di Somma
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli 80131, Italy.
| | - Carolin Mügge
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jena, Jena 07743, Germany.
- Department of Biology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Weigand
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jena, Jena 07743, Germany.
| | - Giarita Ferraro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli 80126, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Iacobucci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli 80126, Italy.
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.a r.l., University of Naples Federico II, Napoli 80145, Italy.
| | - Maria Monti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli 80126, Italy.
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.a r.l., University of Naples Federico II, Napoli 80145, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Morelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli 80134, Italy.
| | - Antonello Merlino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli 80126, Italy.
| | - Daniela Marasco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli 80134, Italy.
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8
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Zahan R, Rahi MS, Sheikh MC, Miyatake R, Zangrando E, Naz T, Islam MAAAA, Reza MA. Design, synthesis and X-ray structural studies of novel [acetonitrile-benzyl-3-N-(2, 4 dihydroxyphenylmethylene) hydrazinecarbodithioato-κ3-N′, S, O] nickel(ll) complex that potently inhibit cell proliferation through regulation of apoptosis related genes. Appl Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronok Zahan
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Rajshahi; Rajshahi 6205 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sifat Rahi
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; University of Rajshahi; Rajshahi 6205 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Chanmiya Sheikh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering; University of Toyama; 3190 Gofuku Toyama 930-8555 Japan
| | - Ryuta Miyatake
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering; University of Toyama; 3190 Gofuku Toyama 930-8555 Japan
| | - Ennio Zangrando
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Via L. Giorgieri 1 34127 Trieste Italy
| | - Tarannum Naz
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Rajshahi; Rajshahi 6205 Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Abu Reza
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; University of Rajshahi; Rajshahi 6205 Bangladesh
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9
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Yadav CL, Manar KK, Yadav MK, Tiwari N, Singh RK, Drew MG, Singh N. Synthesis, crystal structures and properties of new homoleptic Ni(II)/Pd(II) β-oxodithioester chelates. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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10
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Lalinde E, Lara R, López IP, Moreno MT, Alfaro-Arnedo E, Pichel JG, Piñeiro-Hermida S. Benzothiazole-Based Cycloplatinated Chromophores: Synthetic, Optical, and Biological Studies. Chemistry 2018; 24:2440-2456. [PMID: 29219223 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cycloplatinated complexes based on 2-(4-substituted)benzothiazole ligands of type [Pt(R-PBT-κC,N)Cl(L)] (PBT=2-phenylbenzothiazole; R=Br (1), Me2 N (2); L=dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; a), 1,3,5- triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA; b), triphenylphosphine 3,3',3''-trisulfonate (TPPTS; c)) and [Pt(Br-PBT-κC)Cl(PTA)2 ] (3) are presented. On the basis of the photophysical data and time-dependent (TD)-DFT calculations (1 a and 2 a), the low-lying transitions (absorption and emission) were associated with ligand-center (LC) charge transfer, with minor metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT), and intraligand charge transfer (ILCT) [Me2 N-PBT→PBT] excited states, respectively. Simultaneous fluorescence/phosphorescence bands were found in fluid solutions (and also in the solid state for 2 a), which become dominated by triplet emission bands in rigid media at 77 K. The effect of the concentration on emissive behavior of 2 a, b indicated the occurrence of aggregation-induced luminescence properties related to the occurrence of metal-metal and π⋅⋅⋅π interactions, which are more enhanced in 2 a because of the less bulky DMSO ligand. The behavior of 2 a toward para-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) in aerated acetonitrile and to hydrogen chloride gas in the solid state has been evaluated, thus showing a clear reversible change between the 1 ILCT and 3 LC/3 MLCT states due to protonation of the NMe2 group (theoretical calculations on 2 a-H+ ). Solid 2 a undergoes a surprising oxidation of the PtII center to PtIV with concomitant deoxygenation of DMSO, under prolonged reaction with hydrogen chloride gas to afford the PtIV /dimethyl sulfide complex (mer-[Pt(Me2 N-PBT-κC,N)Cl3 (SMe2 )]; mer-4), which evolves in solution to fac-4, as confirmed by X-ray studies. Cytotoxic activity studies on A549 and HeLa cell lines indicated cytotoxic activity of 1 b and 2 a, b. In addition, fluorescent cell microscopy revealed cytoplasmic staining, more visible in perinuclear areas. Inhibition of tubulin polymerization by 1 b in both cells is presented as a preliminary mechanism of its cytotoxic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lalinde
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Rebeca Lara
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Icíar P López
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Diseases Unit, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - M Teresa Moreno
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Elvira Alfaro-Arnedo
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Diseases Unit, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - José G Pichel
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Diseases Unit, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Sergio Piñeiro-Hermida
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Diseases Unit, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, 26006, Logroño, Spain
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11
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Hildebrandt J, Häfner N, Görls H, Kritsch D, Ferraro G, Dürst M, Runnebaum IB, Merlino A, Weigand W. Platinum(ii) O,S complexes as potential metallodrugs against Cisplatin resistance. Dalton Trans 2018; 45:18876-18891. [PMID: 27897281 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01388k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We report on platinum(ii) complexes with different cinnamic acid derivatives as ligands with cytotoxic activity against Cisplatin resistant ovarian cancer cell line subcultures of SKOV3 and A2780. A typical mechanism of action for platinum(ii) complexes as Cisplatin itself is binding to the DNA and inducing double-strand breaks. We examined the biological behavior of these potential drugs with 9-methylguanine using NMR spectroscopic methods and their DNA damage potential including γH2AX-foci analyses. X-ray diffraction methods have been used to elucidate the molecular structures of the platinum(ii) complexes. Interactions with the model protein lysozyme have been evaluated by different techniques including UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence and X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Hildebrandt
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Norman Häfner
- Department of Gynecology, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Daniel Kritsch
- Department of Gynecology, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - Giarita Ferraro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant' Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Matthias Dürst
- Department of Gynecology, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - Ingo B Runnebaum
- Department of Gynecology, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - Antonello Merlino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant' Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126, Napoli, Italy and CNR Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages, Via Mezzocannone 16, I-80100, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Wolfgang Weigand
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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12
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Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Anti-Proliferative Activity of (κ1
-C
)- and (κ2
-C
,S
)-PtII
Complexes Bearing Thioether-Functionalized N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201701183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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13
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Ferretti V, Bergamini P, Marvelli L, Hushcha Y, Gemmo C, Gambari R, Lampronti I. Synthesis and characterization of Pt complexes containing dichloroacetate (DCA), designed for dual anticancer action. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Weiss H, Reichel J, Görls H, Schneider KRA, Micheel M, Pröhl M, Gottschaldt M, Dietzek B, Weigand W. Curcuminoid-BF 2 complexes: Synthesis, fluorescence and optimization of BF 2 group cleavage. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:2264-2272. [PMID: 29114330 PMCID: PMC5669223 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight difluoroboron complexes of curcumin derivatives carrying alkyne groups containing substituents have been synthesized following an optimised reaction pathway. The complexes were received in yields up to 98% and high purities. Their properties as fluorescent dyes have been investigated. Furthermore, a strategy for the hydrolysis of the BF2 group has been established using aqueous methanol and sodium hydroxide or triethylamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Weiss
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstrasse 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jeannine Reichel
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstrasse 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstrasse 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Mathias Micheel
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Pröhl
- Jena Center of Soft Matter, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Gottschaldt
- Jena Center of Soft Matter, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Weigand
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstrasse 8, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Jena Center of Soft Matter, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
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15
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Yadav MK, Maurya AK, Rajput G, Manar KK, Vinayak M, Drew MGB, Singh N. Synthesis, characterization, DNA binding and cleavage activity of homoleptic zinc(II) β-oxodithioester chelate complexes. J COORD CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2017.1377835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Akhilendra Kumar Maurya
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Gunjan Rajput
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Manar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Manjula Vinayak
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | | | - Nanhai Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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16
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Yadav MK, Maurya AK, Rajput G, Manar KK, Vinayak M, Drew MGB, Singh N. New planar trans-copper(II) β-dithioester chelate complexes: synthesis, characterization, anticancer activity and DNA-binding/cleavage studies. J COORD CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2016.1275589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Akhilendra Kumar Maurya
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Gunjan Rajput
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Manar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Manjula Vinayak
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | | | - Nanhai Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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17
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Chen Z, Zhang S, Zhu Z, Zhang Y. A novel platinum(ii) anticancer complex of danysl bis(2-benzothiazolylmethyl)amine with dimethyl sulfoxide as a leaving group: synthesis, cytotoxicity, interaction with DNA and human serum albumin. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj01223c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel mononuclear platinum(ii) anticancer complex of danysl bis(2-benzothiazolylmethyl)amine with a dimethyl sulfoxide as a leaving group was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanfen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Jianghan University
- Wuhan 430056
| | - Shuping Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Hubei Normal University
- Huangshi 435002
- P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210017
- P. R. China
| | - Yumin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Jianghan University
- Wuhan 430056
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18
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Vijayan P, Viswanathamurthi P, Sugumar P, Ponnuswamy MN, Velmurugan K, Nandhakumar R, Balakumaran MD, Kalaichelvan PT. Toward a new avenue in ruthenium-sulphur chemistry of binuclear μ-sulphido bridged (μ-S)2 complexes having Ru2S2 core: Targeted synthesis, crystal structure, biomolecules interaction and their in vitro anticancer activities. Inorganica Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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20
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Ray S, Karmakar P, Chattopadhyay A, Nandi D, Sarkar Sain R, Ghosh AK. Kinetic and Mechanistic Investigations on SomeN,N-Chelated Pt(II) Oxalate Complexes with Some “S” Containing Biorelevant Ligands at Physiological Condition. INT J CHEM KINET 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumon Ray
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Burdwan; Burdwan 713 104 India
| | - Parnajyoti Karmakar
- Department of Chemistry; Durgapur Government College; Durgapur 713 214 India
| | | | - Debabrata Nandi
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Burdwan; Burdwan 713 104 India
| | - Roshni Sarkar Sain
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Burdwan; Burdwan 713 104 India
| | - Alak K Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Burdwan; Burdwan 713 104 India
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21
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Fanelli M, Formica M, Fusi V, Giorgi L, Micheloni M, Paoli P. New trends in platinum and palladium complexes as antineoplastic agents. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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Elucidating the reactivity of Pt(II) complexes with (O,S) bidentate ligands towards DNA model systems. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 160:198-209. [PMID: 26921982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the search for novel platinum-based anticancer therapeutic agents, we have recently established a structural motif of (O,S) bidentate ligands bound to a Pt(II) metal center which is effective against various cancer cell lines. Aiming at further enhancing the cytotoxicity of metal-based drugs, the identification of potential biological targets and elucidation of the mode of action of selected lead compounds is of utmost importance. Here we report our studies on the DNA interaction of three representative Pt(II) complexes of the investigated series, using various model systems and analytical techniques. In detail, CD spectroscopy as well as ESI-MS and MS(2) techniques were applied to gain an overall picture of the binding properties of this class of (O,S) bidentate Pt(II) compounds with defined oligonucleotide sequences in single strand, duplex or G-quadruplex form, as well as with the nucleobase 9-methylguanine. On the whole, it was demonstrated that the tested compounds interact with DNA and produce conformational changes of different extents depending on the sequence and structure of the examined oligonucleotide. Guanine was established as the preferential target within the DNA sequence, but in the absence or unavailability of guanines, alternative binding sites can be addressed. The implications of these results are thoroughly discussed.
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23
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Hildebrandt J, Görls H, Häfner N, Ferraro G, Dürst M, Runnebaum IB, Weigand W, Merlino A. Unusual mode of protein binding by a cytotoxic π-arene ruthenium(ii) piano-stool compound containing an O,S-chelating ligand. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:12283-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02380k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A new π-arene Ru(ii) piano-stool compound, showing significant cytotoxic activityin vitro, was synthesized. The X-ray structure of this compound and that of its complex with RNase A were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Hildebrandt
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- University of Jena
- Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- University of Jena
- Germany
| | - Norman Häfner
- Department of Gynecology
- Jena University Hospital - Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena
- Germany
| | - Giarita Ferraro
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Naples Federico II
- Italy
| | - Matthias Dürst
- Department of Gynecology
- Jena University Hospital - Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena
- Germany
| | - Ingo B. Runnebaum
- Department of Gynecology
- Jena University Hospital - Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena
- Germany
| | - Wolfgang Weigand
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- University of Jena
- Germany
| | - Antonello Merlino
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Naples Federico II
- Italy
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages
- Naples
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24
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Bergamini P, Marvelli L, Spirandelli G, Gallerani E. Synthesis, characterization and antiproliferative activity of amino- and DMSO complexes of platinum(II) containing l-carnitine. Inorganica Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2015.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Mügge C, Marzo T, Massai L, Hildebrandt J, Ferraro G, Rivera-Fuentes P, Metzler-Nolte N, Merlino A, Messori L, Weigand W. Platinum(II) Complexes with O,S Bidentate Ligands: Biophysical Characterization, Antiproliferative Activity, and Crystallographic Evidence of Protein Binding. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:8560-70. [PMID: 26280387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We recently characterized a series of novel platinum(II) compounds bearing a conserved O,S binding moiety as a bifunctional ligand and evaluated their solution behavior and antiproliferative properties in vitro against a representative cancer cell line. On the whole, those platinum compounds showed an appreciable stability in mixed dimethyl sulfoxide-aqueous buffers and promising in vitro cytotoxic effects; yet they manifested a rather limited solubility in aqueous media making them poorly suitable for further pharmaceutical development. To overcome this drawback, four new derivatives of this series were prepared and characterized based on a careful choice of substituents on the O,S bidentate ligand. The solubility and stability profile of these novel compounds in a reference buffer was determined, as well as the ligands' log P(o/w) value (P(o/w) = n-octanol-water partition coefficient) as an indirect measure for the complexes' lipophilicity. The antiproliferative properties were comparatively evaluated in a panel of three cancer cell lines. The protein binding properties of the four platinum compounds were assessed using the model protein hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL), and the molecular structures of two relevant HEWL-metallodrug adducts were solved. Overall, it is shown that a proper choice of the substituents leads to a higher solubility and enables a selective fine-tuning of the antiproliferative properties. The implications of these results are thoroughly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Mügge
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena , Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Inorganic Chemistry I - Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum , Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Tiziano Marzo
- Laboratory of Metals in Medicine, Department of Chemistry, University of Florence , Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Lara Massai
- Laboratory of Metals in Medicine, Department of Chemistry, University of Florence , Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Jana Hildebrandt
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena , Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Giarita Ferraro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II , via Cintia, Napoli I-80126, Italy
| | - Pablo Rivera-Fuentes
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford , 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Nils Metzler-Nolte
- Inorganic Chemistry I - Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum , Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Antonello Merlino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II , via Cintia, Napoli I-80126, Italy.,CNR Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages , via Mezzocannone 16, Napoli I-80100, Italy
| | - Luigi Messori
- Laboratory of Metals in Medicine, Department of Chemistry, University of Florence , Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Weigand
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena , Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) , Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
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26
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Yadav MK, Rajput G, Srivastava K, Singh RK, Mishra R, Drew MGB, Singh N. Anti-leishmanial activity of Ni(ii), Pd(ii) and Pt(ii) β-oxodithioester complexes. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj00765h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Twelve new β-oxodithioester complexes (1–12) of the type [M(L)2] (M = Ni, Pd, Pt) have been synthesized and fully characterized.7and9showed impressive anti-leishmanial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi 221005
- India
| | - Gunjan Rajput
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi 221005
- India
| | - Khushboo Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | - Rakesh K. Singh
- Department of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | - Rajnikant Mishra
- Department of Zoology
- Faculty of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | | | - Nanhai Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi 221005
- India
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27
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Vetrugno C, Muscella A, Fanizzi FP, Cossa LG, Migoni D, De Pascali SA, Marsigliante S. Different apoptotic effects of [Pt(O,O'-acac)(γ-acac)(DMS)] and cisplatin on normal and cancerous human epithelial breast cells in primary culture. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:5139-53. [PMID: 24990093 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine whether [platinum (Pt)(O,O'-acetylacetonate (acac))(γ-acac)(dimethylsulphide (DMS))] is differentially cytotoxic in normal and cancer cells, and to measure comparative levels of cytotoxicity compared with cisplatin in the same cells. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We performed experiments on cancerous and normal epithelial breast cells in primary culture obtained from the same patients. The apoptotic effects [Pt(O,O'-acac)(γ-acac)(DMS)] and cisplatin in cancerous and normal breast cells were compared. KEY RESULTS Cancer cells were more sensitive to [Pt(O,O'-acac)(γ-acac)(DMS)] (IC50 = 5.22 ± 1.2 μmol·L(-1)) than normal cells (IC50 = 116.9 ± 8.8 μmol·L(-1)). However, the difference was less strong when cisplatin was used (IC50 = 96.0 ± 6.9 and 61.9 ± 6.1 μmol·L(-1) for cancer and normal cells respectively). Both compounds caused reactive oxygen species (ROS) production with different mechanisms: [Pt(O,O'-acac)(γ-acac)(DMS)] quickly activated NAD(P)H oxidase while cisplatin caused a slower formation of mitochondrial ROS. Cisplatin and [Pt(O,O'-acac)(γ-acac)(DMS)] caused activation of caspases, proteolysis of PARP and modulation of Bcl-2, Bax and Bid. [Pt(O,O'-acac)(γ-acac)(DMS)] also caused leakage of cytochrome c from the mitochondria. Overall, these processes proceeded more quickly in cells treated with [Pt(O,O'-acac)(γ-acac)(DMS)] compared with cisplatin. [Pt(O,O'-acac)(γ-acac)(DMS)] effects were faster and quantitatively greater in cancer than in normal cells. [Pt(O,O'-acac)(γ-acac)(DMS)] caused a fast decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential, especially in cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS [Pt(O,O'-acac)(γ-acac)(DMS)] was specific to breast cancer cells in primary culture, and this observation makes this compound potentially more interesting than cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Vetrugno
- Cell Physiology Lab, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Universita' del Salento, Lecce, Italy
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