Phthalocyanines prepared from 4,5-dihexylthiophthalonitrile, a popular building block

Phthalocyanines are tetrapyrrolic artificial porphyrinoids that play major roles in advanced biological and technological applications. Research on this family of dyes is particularly active in Türkiye, with many derivatives being prepared from 4,5-dihexylthiophthalonitrile DiSHexPN, which is one of the most popular noncommercially available building blocks for phthalocyanines. This review summarizes the phthalocyanines and their versatile properties and applications that have been published since 1994, when the synthesis of DiSHexPN was first described, to emphasize the importance of this building block in plentiful applications, all with biomedical or technological impact.

Fluorescent cyclophanes and their applications

With the serendipitous discovery of crown ethers by Pedersen more than half a century ago and the subsequent introduction of host-guest chemistry and supramolecular chemistry by Cram and Lehn, respectively, followed by the design and synthesis of wholly synthetic cyclophanes-in particular, fluorescent cyclophanes, having rich structural characteristics and functions-have been the focus of considerable research activity during the past few decades. Cyclophanes with remarkable emissive properties have been investigated continuously over the years and employed in numerous applications across the field of science and technology. In this Review, we feature the recent developments in the chemistry of fluorescent cyclophanes, along with their design and synthesis. Their host-guest chemistry and applications related to their structure and properties are highlighted.

A supramolecular self-assembly host–guest system from cyclodextrin as an absolute water-soluble fluorescence sensor for aluminium ions: synthesis, characterization and sensing activity

In the study, an organic molecule derived from paeonol and anthraniloyl hydrazine (L) was synthesized via a Schiff-base reaction.

Covalent or supramolecular combinations of resorcinarenes and porphyrinoids

Cavitands and porphyrinoids are two major groups of molecules. If cyclodextrins are maybe the most famous type of cavitands, the properties of resorcinarenes are now well known and rise rapidly increasing attention. This mini-review aims at detailing all the combinations of resorcinarenes with porphyrinoids reported so far, evidencing the bright future of such combos. In addition, two newly synthesized porphyrins-resorcinarene hybrids are reported.

The effect of “on/off” molecular switching on the photophysical and photochemical properties of axially calixarene substituted activatable silicon(iv)phthalocyanine photosensitizers

Silicon(iv) phthalocyanines (4 and 5) bearing two calixarene groups as axial ligands were synthesized. Surprisingly, both phthalocyanines were obtained as two different isomers (4a–b and 5a–b).

The synthesis of an octasubstituted monohydroxylated phthalocyanine designed to investigate the effect of the presence of active moieties

Filling a lack: monofunctionalized octasubstitution, the missing substitution pattern of phthalocyanines.

Supramolecular complex formation of resorcin[4]arene-modified zinc phthalocyanine and fullerene

A resorcin[4]arene-strapped zinc phthalocyanine 1, in which two benzene rings of the upper rim of resorcin[4]arene were fused to the adjacent phthalocyanine ligand, was synthesized from two phthalonitriles. Introducing resorcin[4]arene on one side of zinc phthalocyanine strongly affects the spectroscopic property of the phthalocyanine. The Q-band of 1 in CH 2 Cl 2 is split into 694 and 740 nm due to the self-protonation of 1 on the meso-nitrogen of phthalocyanine ligand. Bowl-shaped resorcin[4]arene can capture C 60 through the non-covalent interactions, and the complexation between 1 and C 60 results in an efficient photo-induced electron transfer.