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Liu S, Ma Y, Long J, Li J, Li N, Wang N, Wang M, Ruan S. Patterned Manipulated Surface Based on Femtosecond Laser with Adjustable Wetting Speed and Directional Fluid Delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:11973-11983. [PMID: 38394214 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Recently, due to the crucial roles of multifunctional liquid manipulation surfaces in biomedical transportation, microfluidics, and chemical engineering, the demand for controllable and functional aspects of directed liquid transportation has increased significantly. However, designing an intelligent manipulation surface that is easy to manufacture and fully functional remains an immense challenge. To address this challenge, a smart surface that can regulate the rate of liquid transport within a patterned channel by temperature is reported. A synergistically controlled approach of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and micropillar shape-memory polymers (SMPs) was used to modulate the wetting rate of liquids on surfaces. By femtosecond laser direct writing, temperature-responsive composite surfaces are embedded in the microstructure of shape-memory polymers (SMPs) in a patterned manner, resulting in the preparation of novel programmable liquid manipulation surfaces incorporating boundaries possessing asymmetric wettability. Since the smart surface is based on SMP, the superhydrophobic part in the superhydrophobic/controllable wettability patterning platform is also programmed for droplet directional transport, which takes advantage of the difference in wettability between the rewritable indentation track and the periphery to allow droplets to flow into the temperature-controlled velocity track, enriching the functionality of the surface. In addition, based on its excellent controllability and patterning, the surface has been shown to be used in microfluidic circuit chips with self-cleaning properties, which provides new ideas for circuit timing control. This study provides promising prospects for the effective development of multifunctional liquid steering surfaces, lab-on-a-chip, and microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengkai Liu
- Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaning Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiazhao Long
- College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119077 Singapore
| | - Jiyu Li
- Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, People's Republic of China
| | - Nana Li
- Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Wang
- Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangchen Ruan
- Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, People's Republic of China
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Tzianni EI, Sakkas VA, Prodromidis MI. Wax screen-printable ink for massive fabrication of negligible-to-nil cost fabric-based microfluidic (bio)sensing devices for colorimetric analysis of sweat. Talanta 2024; 269:125475. [PMID: 38039670 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Fabric-based microfluidic analytical devices (μADs) have emerged as a promising material for replacing paper μADs thanks to their superior properties in terms of stretchability, mechanical strength, and their wide scope of applicability in wearable devices or embedded in garments. The major obstacle in their widespread use is the lack of a technique enabling their massive fabrication at a negligible-to-nil cost. In response, we report the development of a wax ink with proper thixotropic and hydrophobic properties, fully compatible with automatic screen-printing that allows the one step massive fabrication of microfluidics on a cotton/elastane fabric, with a printing resolution 400 μm (hydrophilic channel) and 1000 μm (hydrophobic barrier), without being necessary any post curing. The cost of the ink (50 g) and of each microfluidic device is ca. 2.3 and 0.007 €, respectively. The active component of the ink was a refined beeswax in a matrix based on ethyl cellulose in 2-butoxy ethyl acetate. Screen-printed fabric μADs were used for the simultaneous colorimetric determination of pH and urea in untreated human sweat by using multivariate regression analysis. This method enabled the direct measurement of urea using urease, regardless of the sweat's pH, and shows strong agreement with a reference method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni I Tzianni
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45 110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Vasilios A Sakkas
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45 110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Mamas I Prodromidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45 110, Ioannina, Greece.
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Vloemans D, Van Hileghem L, Ordutowski H, Dal Dosso F, Spasic D, Lammertyn J. Self-Powered Microfluidics for Point-of-Care Solutions: From Sampling to Detection of Proteins and Nucleic Acids. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2804:3-50. [PMID: 38753138 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3850-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Self-powered microfluidics presents a revolutionary approach to address the challenges of healthcare in decentralized and point-of-care settings where limited access to resources and infrastructure prevails or rapid clinical decision-making is critical. These microfluidic systems exploit physical and chemical phenomena, such as capillary forces and surface tension, to manipulate tiny volumes of fluids without the need for external power sources, making them cost-effective and highly portable. Recent technological advancements have demonstrated the ability to preprogram complex multistep liquid operations within the microfluidic circuit of these standalone systems, which enabled the integration of sensitive detection and readout principles. This chapter first addresses how the accessibility to in vitro diagnostics can be improved by shifting toward decentralized approaches like remote microsampling and point-of-care testing. Next, the crucial role of self-powered microfluidic technologies to enable this patient-centric healthcare transition is emphasized using various state-of-the-art examples, with a primary focus on applications related to biofluid collection and the detection of either proteins or nucleic acids. This chapter concludes with a summary of the main findings and our vision of the future perspectives in the field of self-powered microfluidic technologies and their use for in vitro diagnostics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dries Vloemans
- Department of Biosystems - Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Henry Ordutowski
- Department of Biosystems - Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Dragana Spasic
- Department of Biosystems - Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Lammertyn
- Department of Biosystems - Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Yang M, Sun N, Lai X, Zhao X, Zhou W. Advances in Non-Electrochemical Sensing of Human Sweat Biomarkers: From Sweat Sampling to Signal Reading. BIOSENSORS 2023; 14:17. [PMID: 38248394 PMCID: PMC10813192 DOI: 10.3390/bios14010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Sweat, commonly referred to as the ultrafiltrate of blood plasma, is an essential physiological fluid in the human body. It contains a wide range of metabolites, electrolytes, and other biologically significant markers that are closely linked to human health. Compared to other bodily fluids, such as blood, sweat offers distinct advantages in terms of ease of collection and non-invasive detection. In recent years, considerable attention has been focused on wearable sweat sensors due to their potential for continuous monitoring of biomarkers. Electrochemical methods have been extensively used for in situ sweat biomarker analysis, as thoroughly reviewed by various researchers. This comprehensive review aims to provide an overview of recent advances in non-electrochemical methods for analyzing sweat, including colorimetric methods, fluorescence techniques, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and more. The review covers multiple aspects of non-electrochemical sweat analysis, encompassing sweat sampling methodologies, detection techniques, signal processing, and diverse applications. Furthermore, it highlights the current bottlenecks and challenges faced by non-electrochemical sensors, such as limitations and interference issues. Finally, the review concludes by offering insights into the prospects for non-electrochemical sensing technologies. By providing a valuable reference and inspiring researchers engaged in the field of sweat sensor development, this paper aspires to foster the creation of innovative and practical advancements in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingpeng Yang
- School of Automation, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China (X.Z.)
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre on Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Nan Sun
- School of Automation, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaochen Lai
- School of Automation, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China (X.Z.)
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre on Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xingqiang Zhao
- School of Automation, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China (X.Z.)
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre on Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Wangping Zhou
- School of Automation, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China (X.Z.)
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre on Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China
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Weng G, Yang J, Li J, Zhu J, Zhao J. Ag triangle nanoplates assembled on PVC/SEBS membrane as flexible SERS substrates for skin cortisol sensing. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 303:123154. [PMID: 37478705 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) based on rigid substrates has been widely used in biomedical detection due to its high sensitivity and specificity. However, the tedious operation steps for preparing SERS rigid substrates limited their applications in real-world detection. Compared with general rigid substrate, the flexible substrate has the advantages of simple preparation and easy portability, which are suitable for rapid, wearable and personalized detection in the field of point-of-care test. Herein, the flexible SERS substrates employing copolymer were fabricated and used for detection of skin cortisol, a biomarker for evaluating psychological stress in sweat. Silver triangle nanoplates with sharp corner were used as enhanced particles, and transferred to polyvinyl chloride/styrene-ethylene-butene-styrene copolymer (PVC/SEBS) film through three-phase interface self-assembly. By adjusting the size of silver nanoparticles, the ratio of PVC to SEBS in the polymer film, and the number of transfers of self-assembled silver films, the enhancement effect of the flexible SERS substrate was maximized. In addition, functionalization of the flexible SERS substrate with cortisol antibodies is used to achieve specific detection of cortisol on the skin surface. Under the optimal conditions, the Raman peak intensities at 1268 and 1500 cm-1 of the cortisol had a good linear relationship with the logarithm of its concentration in the range of 10-7 to 10-3 M, and the detection limits were 5.47 × 10-8 M and 5.51 × 10-8 M, respectively. The flexible silver triangle nanoplates SERS substrate constructed by self-assembly in the three-phase interface has the characteristics of good specificity and high sensitivity, which has potential for transdermal cortisol wearable detection, providing a feasible method for the rapid evaluating psychological stress level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Weng
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jianming Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Junwu Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an 710049, China.
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Sinha Mahapatra P, Ganguly R, Ghosh A, Chatterjee S, Lowrey S, Sommers AD, Megaridis CM. Patterning Wettability for Open-Surface Fluidic Manipulation: Fundamentals and Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:16752-16801. [PMID: 36195098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Effective manipulation of liquids on open surfaces without external energy input is indispensable for the advancement of point-of-care diagnostic devices. Open-surface microfluidics has the potential to benefit health care, especially in the developing world. This review highlights the prospects for harnessing capillary forces on surface-microfluidic platforms, chiefly by inducing smooth gradients or sharp steps of wettability on substrates, to elicit passive liquid transport and higher-order fluidic manipulations without off-the-chip energy sources. A broad spectrum of the recent progress in the emerging field of passive surface microfluidics is highlighted, and its promise for developing facile, low-cost, easy-to-operate microfluidic devices is discussed in light of recent applications, not only in the domain of biomedical microfluidics but also in the general areas of energy and water conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Sinha Mahapatra
- Micro Nano Bio-Fluidics group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai600036, India
| | - Ranjan Ganguly
- Department of Power Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata700098, India
| | - Aritra Ghosh
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois60607, United States
| | - Souvick Chatterjee
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois60607, United States
| | - Sam Lowrey
- Department of Physics, University of Otago, Dunedin9016, New Zealand
| | - Andrew D Sommers
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio45056, United States
| | - Constantine M Megaridis
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois60607, United States
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Trusso Sfrazzetto G, Santonocito R. Nanomaterials for Cortisol Sensing. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3790. [PMID: 36364563 PMCID: PMC9658644 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Space represents one of the most dangerous environments for humans, which can be affected by high stress levels. This can lead to severe physiological problems, such as headaches, gastrointestinal disorders, anxiety, hypertension, depression, and coronary heart diseases. During a stress condition, the human body produces specific hormones, such as dopamine, adrenaline, noradrenaline, and cortisol. In particular, the control of cortisol levels can be related to the stress level of an astronaut, particularly during a long-term space mission. The common analytical methods (HPLC, GC-MS) cannot be used in an extreme environment, such as a space station, due to the steric hindrance of the instruments and the absence of gravity. For these reasons, the development of smart sensing devices with a facile and fast analytical protocol can be extremely useful for space applications. This review summarizes the recent (from 2011) miniaturized sensoristic devices based on nanomaterials (gold and carbon nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, nano-electrodes), which allow rapid and real-time analyses of cortisol levels in biological samples (such as saliva, urine, sweat, and plasma), to monitor the health conditions of humans under extreme stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Trusso Sfrazzetto
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95100 Catania, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Sciences and Technology (I.N.S.T.M.), Research Unit of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Rossella Santonocito
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95100 Catania, Italy
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Wang X, Liu Y, Cheng H, Ouyang X. Surface Wettability for Skin-Interfaced Sensors and Devices. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2022; 32:2200260. [PMID: 36176721 PMCID: PMC9514151 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202200260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The practical applications of skin-interfaced sensors and devices in daily life hinge on the rational design of surface wettability to maintain device integrity and achieve improved sensing performance under complex hydrated conditions. Various bio-inspired strategies have been implemented to engineer desired surface wettability for varying hydrated conditions. Although the bodily fluids can negatively affect the device performance, they also provide a rich reservoir of health-relevant information and sustained energy for next-generation stretchable self-powered devices. As a result, the design and manipulation of the surface wettability are critical to effectively control the liquid behavior on the device surface for enhanced performance. The sensors and devices with engineered surface wettability can collect and analyze health biomarkers while being minimally affected by bodily fluids or ambient humid environments. The energy harvesters also benefit from surface wettability design to achieve enhanced performance for powering on-body electronics. In this review, we first summarize the commonly used approaches to tune the surface wettability for target applications toward stretchable self-powered devices. By considering the existing challenges, we also discuss the opportunities as a small fraction of potential future developments, which can lead to a new class of skin-interfaced devices for use in digital health and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufeng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Yangchengyi Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Huanyu Cheng
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Xiaoping Ouyang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
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Cho S, Chang T, Yu T, Lee CH. Smart Electronic Textiles for Wearable Sensing and Display. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12040222. [PMID: 35448282 PMCID: PMC9029731 DOI: 10.3390/bios12040222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Increasing demand of using everyday clothing in wearable sensing and display has synergistically advanced the field of electronic textiles, or e-textiles. A variety of types of e-textiles have been formed into stretchy fabrics in a manner that can maintain their intrinsic properties of stretchability, breathability, and wearability to fit comfortably across different sizes and shapes of the human body. These unique features have been leveraged to ensure accuracy in capturing physical, chemical, and electrophysiological signals from the skin under ambulatory conditions, while also displaying the sensing data or other immediate information in daily life. Here, we review the emerging trends and recent advances in e-textiles in wearable sensing and display, with a focus on their materials, constructions, and implementations. We also describe perspectives on the remaining challenges of e-textiles to guide future research directions toward wider adoption in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungse Cho
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Taehoo Chang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Tianhao Yu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Chi Hwan Lee
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
- Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Correspondence:
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Xiao G, Ju J, Lu H, Shi X, Wang X, Wang W, Xia Q, Zhou G, Sun W, Li CM, Qiao Y, Lu Z. A Weavable and Scalable Cotton-Yarn-Based Battery Activated by Human Sweat for Textile Electronics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103822. [PMID: 34989163 PMCID: PMC8895049 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sweat-activated batteries (SABs) are lightweight, biocompatible energy generators that produce sufficient power for skin-interface electronic devices. However, the fabrication of 1D SABs that are compatible with conventional textile techniques for self-powered wearable electronics remains challenging. In this study, a cotton-yarn-based SAB (CYSAB) with a segmental structure is developed, in which carbon-black-modified, pristine yarn and Zn foil-wrapped segments are prepared to serve as the cathode, salt bridge, and anode, respectively. Upon electrolyte absorption, the CYSAB can be rapidly activated. Its performance is closely related to the ion concentration, infiltrated electrolyte volume, and evaporation rate. The CYSAB can tolerate repeated bending and washing without any significant influence on its power output. Moreover, the CYSABs can be woven into fabrics and connected in series and parallel configurations to produce an energy supplying headband, which can be activated by the sweat secreted from a volunteer during a cycling exercise to power light-emitting diode headlights. The developed CYSAB can also be integrated with yarn-based strain sensors to achieve a smart textile for the self-powered sensing of human motion and breathing. This weavable, washable, and scalable CYSAB is expected to contribute to the manufacturing of self-powered smart textiles for future applications in wearable healthcare monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xiao
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced MaterialsSchool of Materials & EnergySouthwest UniversityChongqing400715P. R. China
| | - Jun Ju
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced MaterialsSchool of Materials & EnergySouthwest UniversityChongqing400715P. R. China
| | - Hao Lu
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced MaterialsSchool of Materials & EnergySouthwest UniversityChongqing400715P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Shi
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced MaterialsSchool of Materials & EnergySouthwest UniversityChongqing400715P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Food ScienceSouthwest UniversityChongqing400715P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing TechnologySingapore138669Singapore
| | - Qingyou Xia
- Biological Science Research CenterAcademy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesSouthwest UniversityChongqing400715P. R. China
| | - Guangdong Zhou
- College of Artificial IntelligenceChongqing Key Laboratory of Brain‐inspired Computing & Intelligent ControlSouthwest UniversityChongqing400715P. R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan ProvinceCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHainan Normal UniversityHaikou571158P. R. China
| | - Chang Ming Li
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced MaterialsSchool of Materials & EnergySouthwest UniversityChongqing400715P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringSuzhou University of Science and TechnologySuzhou215011P. R. China
| | - Yan Qiao
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced MaterialsSchool of Materials & EnergySouthwest UniversityChongqing400715P. R. China
| | - Zhisong Lu
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced MaterialsSchool of Materials & EnergySouthwest UniversityChongqing400715P. R. China
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11
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Weng X, Fu Z, Zhang C, Jiang W, Jiang H. A Portable 3D Microfluidic Origami Biosensor for Cortisol Detection in Human Sweat. Anal Chem 2022; 94:3526-3534. [PMID: 35170939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of cortisol levels in human sweat is increasingly important as it can be a "stress biomarker" in stress-related disorders, giving real-time information about human health status. In this study, a portable 3D microfluidic origami biosensor based on a smartphone was developed for cortisol-level detection in human sweat. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheet-mediated fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and fluorescently labeled aptamers were employed in the biosensing process. A multilayer-structured 3D origami microfluidic chip was fabricated and functionalized to facilitate low-volume perspired human sweat collection, transportation, and detection. The translatability of the biosensor was exhibited by the fluorescence analysis in a smartphone mounted in a custom-designed holder. The critical design parameters of the microfluidic origami biosensor, including the characterization of various paper substrates, the concentration of MoS2 nanosheets, and the incubation/reaction time, were adjusted to obtain an acceptable range for the assay dynamic range and limit of detection (LOD). Under optimum conditions, various doses of cortisol within the physiologically relevant range of 10-1000 ng/mL reported in human sweat were tested to evaluate the performance of the proposed biosensor. It displayed an LOD of 6.76 ng/mL at 3σ in artificial sweat, an analysis time of 25 min, and high selectivity. The performance of the proposed cortisol sensor was compared with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for a spiked artificial sweat sample, and a correlation coefficient of 0.988 was found. The proposed biosensor also presented satisfactory results in the determination of the cortisol levels in a real human sweat sample. The resulting portable biosensor provides a rapid, low-cost, convenient, and non-invasive sensing solution for the point-of-care analysis of cortisol levels in sweat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Weng
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China.,Institute of Electronic and Information Engineering of UESTC in Guangdong, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Zhuoyi Fu
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China
| | - Hai Jiang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China.,Institute of Electronic and Information Engineering of UESTC in Guangdong, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
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Khan JU, Ruland A, Sayyar S, Paull B, Chen J, Innis PC. Wireless bipolar electrode-based textile electrofluidics: towards novel micro-total-analysis systems. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:3979-3990. [PMID: 34636814 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00538c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Point of care testing using micro-total-analysis systems (μTAS) is critical to emergent healthcare devices with rapid and robust responses. However, two major barriers to the success of this approach are the prohibitive cost of microchip fabrication and poor sensitivity due to small sample volumes in a microfluidic format. Here, we aimed to replace the complex microchip format with a low-cost textile substrate with inherently built microchannels using the fibers' spaces. Secondly, by integrating this textile-based microfluidics with electrophoresis and wireless bipolar electrochemistry, we can significantly improve solute detection by focusing and concentrating the analytes of interest. Herein, we demonstrated that an in situ metal electrode simply inserted inside the textile-based electrophoretic system can act as a wireless bipolar electrode (BPE) that generates localized electric field and pH gradients adjacent to the BPE and extended along the length of the textile construct. As a result, charged analytes were not only separated electrophoretically but also focused where their electrophoretic migration and counter flow (EOF) balances due to redox reactions proceeding at the BPE edges. The developed wireless redox focusing technique on textile constructs was shown to achieve a 242-fold enrichment of anionically charged solute over an extended time of 3000 s. These findings suggest a simple route that achieves separation and analyte focusing on low-cost surface-accessible inverted substrates, which is far simpler than the more complex ITP on conventional closed and inaccessible capillary channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawairia Umar Khan
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, New South Wales 2500, Australia.
- Department of Fibre and Textile Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Andres Ruland
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, New South Wales 2500, Australia.
| | - Sepidar Sayyar
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, New South Wales 2500, Australia.
- Australian National Fabrication Facility - Materials Node, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, New South Wales 2500, Australia
| | - Brett Paull
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS) and, ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7005, Australia
| | - Jun Chen
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, New South Wales 2500, Australia.
| | - Peter C Innis
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, New South Wales 2500, Australia.
- Australian National Fabrication Facility - Materials Node, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, New South Wales 2500, Australia
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13
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Rovira M, Fernández-Sánchez C, Jiménez-Jorquera C. Hybrid Technologies Combining Solid-State Sensors and Paper/Fabric Fluidics for Wearable Analytical Devices. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:303. [PMID: 34562893 PMCID: PMC8467283 DOI: 10.3390/bios11090303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of diagnostic tools for measuring a wide spectrum of target analytes, from biomarkers to other biochemical parameters in biological fluids, has experienced a significant growth in the last decades, with a good number of such tools entering the market. Recently, a clear focus has been put on miniaturized wearable devices, which offer powerful capabilities for real-time and continuous analysis of biofluids, mainly sweat, and can be used in athletics, consumer wellness, military, and healthcare applications. Sweat is an attractive biofluid in which different biomarkers could be noninvasively measured to provide rapid information about the physical state of an individual. Wearable devices reported so far often provide discrete (single) measurements of the target analytes, most of them in the form of a yes/no qualitative response. However, quantitative biomarker analysis over certain periods of time is highly demanded for many applications such as the practice of sports or the precise control of the patient status in hospital settings. For this, a feasible combination of fluidic elements and sensor architectures has been sought. In this regard, this paper shows a concise overview of analytical tools based on the use of capillary-driven fluidics taking place on paper or fabric devices integrated with solid-state sensors fabricated by thick film technologies. The main advantages and limitations of the current technologies are pointed out together with the progress towards the development of functional devices. Those approaches reported in the last decade are examined in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Rovira
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), CSIC, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.R.); (C.F.-S.)
| | - César Fernández-Sánchez
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), CSIC, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.R.); (C.F.-S.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cecilia Jiménez-Jorquera
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM), CSIC, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.R.); (C.F.-S.)
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14
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Sachdeva S, Davis RW, Saha AK. Microfluidic Point-of-Care Testing: Commercial Landscape and Future Directions. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:602659. [PMID: 33520958 PMCID: PMC7843572 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.602659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Point-of-care testing (POCT) allows physicians to detect and diagnose diseases at or near the patient site, faster than conventional lab-based testing. The importance of POCT is considerably amplified in the trying times of the COVID-19 pandemic. Numerous point-of-care tests and diagnostic devices are available in the market including, but not limited to, glucose monitoring, pregnancy and infertility testing, infectious disease testing, cholesterol testing and cardiac markers. Integrating microfluidics in POCT allows fluid manipulation and detection in a singular device with minimal sample requirements. This review presents an overview of two technologies - (a.) Lateral Flow Assay (LFA) and (b.) Nucleic Acid Amplification - upon which a large chunk of microfluidic POCT diagnostics is based, some of their applications, and commercially available products. Apart from this, we also delve into other microfluidic-based diagnostics that currently dominate the in-vitro diagnostic (IVD) market, current testing landscape for COVID-19 and prospects of microfluidics in next generation diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amit K. Saha
- Genome Technology Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
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15
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Talebizadehsardari P, Seyfi J, Hejazi I, Eyvazian A, Khodaie M, Seifi S, Davachi SM, Bahmanpour H. Enhanced chemical and mechanical durability of superhydrophobic and superoleophilic nanocomposite coatings on cotton fabric for reusable oil/water separation applications. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Tan HY, Toh YC. What can microfluidics do for human microbiome research? BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2020; 14:051303. [PMID: 33062112 PMCID: PMC7538166 DOI: 10.1063/5.0012185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the human microbiome has been linked to various disease states, which has galvanized the efforts to modulate human health through microbiomes. Currently, human microbiome research is going through several phases to identify the constituent components of the microbiome, associate microbiome changes with physiological and pathological states, understand causative relationships, and finally translate this knowledge into therapeutics and diagnostics. The convergence of microfluidic technologies with molecular and cell profiling, microbiology, and tissue engineering can potentially be applied to these different phases of microbiome research to overcome the existing challenges faced by conventional approaches. The goal of this paper is to discuss and highlight the opportunities of applying different microfluidic technologies to specific areas of microbiome research as well as unique challenges that microfluidics must overcome when working with microbiome-relevant biological materials, e.g., micro-organisms, host tissues, and fluids. We will discuss the applicability of integrated microfluidic systems for processing biological samples for genomic sequencing analyses. For functional analysis of the microbiota, we will cover state-of-the-art microfluidic devices for microbiota cultivation and functional measurements. Finally, we highlight the use of organs-on-chips to model various microbiome-host tissue interactions. We envision that microfluidic technologies may hold great promise in advancing the knowledge on the interplay between microbiome and human health, as well as its eventual translation into microbiome-based diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsih-Yin Tan
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599
| | - Yi-Chin Toh
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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17
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Yu H, Sun J. Sweat detection theory and fluid driven methods: A review. NANOTECHNOLOGY AND PRECISION ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.npe.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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18
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Padash M, Enz C, Carrara S. Microfluidics by Additive Manufacturing for Wearable Biosensors: A Review. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20154236. [PMID: 32751404 PMCID: PMC7435802 DOI: 10.3390/s20154236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Wearable devices are nowadays at the edge-front in both academic research as well as in industry, and several wearable devices have been already introduced in the market. One of the most recent advancements in wearable technologies for biosensing is in the area of the remote monitoring of human health by detection on-the-skin. However, almost all the wearable devices present in the market nowadays are still providing information not related to human ‘metabolites and/or disease’ biomarkers, excluding the well-known case of the continuous monitoring of glucose in diabetic patients. Moreover, even in this last case, the glycaemic level is acquired under-the-skin and not on-the-skin. On the other hand, it has been proven that human sweat is very rich in molecules and other biomarkers (e.g., ions), which makes sweat a quite interesting human liquid with regards to gathering medical information at the molecular level in a totally non-invasive manner. Of course, a proper collection of sweat as it is emerging on top of the skin is required to correctly convey such liquid to the molecular biosensors on board of the wearable system. Microfluidic systems have efficiently come to the aid of wearable sensors, in this case. These devices were originally built using methods such as photolithographic and chemical etching techniques with rigid materials. Nowadays, fabrication methods of microfluidic systems are moving towards three-dimensional (3D) printing methods. These methods overcome some of the limitations of the previous method, including expensiveness and non-flexibility. The 3D printing methods have a high speed and according to the application, can control the textures and mechanical properties of an object by using multiple materials in a cheaper way. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to review all the most recent advancements in the methods for 3D printing to fabricate wearable fluidics and provide a critical frame for the future developments of a wearable device for the remote monitoring of the human metabolism directly on-the-skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Padash
- Laboratory of Integrated Circuits, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-2002 Neuchâtel, Switzerland or (M.P.); (C.E.)
- Chemistry Department, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 76169-13439, Iran
| | - Christian Enz
- Laboratory of Integrated Circuits, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-2002 Neuchâtel, Switzerland or (M.P.); (C.E.)
| | - Sandro Carrara
- Laboratory of Integrated Circuits, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-2002 Neuchâtel, Switzerland or (M.P.); (C.E.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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Li Y, Fischer R, Zboray R, Boillat P, Camenzind M, Toncelli C, Rossi RM. Laser-Engraved Textiles for Engineering Capillary Flow and Application in Microfluidics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:29908-29916. [PMID: 32506905 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Steering capillary flow in textiles is of great significance in developing affordable and portable microfluidics devices. However, owing to the complex fibrous network, it remains a great challenge to achieve capillary flows with precise filling fronts. Here, an in situ laser engraving route is reported to accurately and rapidly etch textiles for manipulating capillary flow. The heterogeneity of the textile structure is enhanced because of the directional spreading of molten fibers polymer under the control of surface energy minimization. The principle of achieved anisotropic wicking of a water droplet in laser-engraved textiles is proposed. This understanding enables patterning the filling front of a fluid in different shapes, including arrow, straight line, diamond, and annulus. Precise capillary flow in textile-based microfluidics can benefit application in many fields, such as chemical analysis, biological detection, materials synthesis, multiliquid delivery. The laser engraving strategy has the advantages of simplicity, full scalability, and time rapidity, which provides an efficient avenue to steer capillary flow in diverse textiles for manufacturing customized microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Li
- Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes & Textiles, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland
| | - Robert Fischer
- Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes & Textiles, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland
- Chair of Building Physics, ETH Zürich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Multiscale Studies in Building Physics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Robert Zboray
- Centers for X-ray Analytics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Boillat
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI 5232, Switzerland
| | - Martin Camenzind
- Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes & Textiles, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Toncelli
- Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes & Textiles, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland
| | - Rene M Rossi
- Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes & Textiles, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland
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20
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Tomimuro K, Tenda K, Ni Y, Hiruta Y, Merkx M, Citterio D. Thread-Based Bioluminescent Sensor for Detecting Multiple Antibodies in a Single Drop of Whole Blood. ACS Sens 2020; 5:1786-1794. [PMID: 32441095 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies are important biomarkers in clinical diagnostics in addition to being increasingly used for therapeutic purposes. Although numerous methods for their detection and quantification exist, they predominantly require benchtop instruments operated by specialists. To enable the detection of antibodies at point-of-care (POC), the development of simple and rapid assay methods independent of laboratory equipment is of high relevance. In this study, we demonstrate microfluidic thread-based analytical devices (μTADs) as a new platform for antibody detection by means of bioluminescence resonance energy-transfer (BRET) switching sensor proteins. The devices consist of vertically assembled layers including a blood separation membrane and a plastic film with a sewn-in cotton thread, onto which the BRET sensor proteins together with the substrate furimazine have been predeposited. In contrast to intensity-based signaling, the BRET mechanism enables time-independent, ratiometric readout of bioluminescence signals with a digital camera in a darkroom or a smartphone camera with a 3D-printed lens adapter. The device design allows spatially separated deposition of multiple bioluminescent proteins on a single sewn thread, enabling quantification of multiple antibodies in 5 μL of whole blood within 5 min. The bioluminescence response is independent of the applied sample volume within the range of 5-15 μL. Therefore, μTADs in combination with BRET-based sensor proteins represent user-friendly analytical tools for POC quantification of antibodies without any laboratory equipment in a finger prick (5 μL) of whole blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Tomimuro
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi,
Kohoku-ku, 223-8522 Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tenda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi,
Kohoku-ku, 223-8522 Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yan Ni
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Yuki Hiruta
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi,
Kohoku-ku, 223-8522 Yokohama, Japan
| | - Maarten Merkx
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi,
Kohoku-ku, 223-8522 Yokohama, Japan
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Citterio
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi,
Kohoku-ku, 223-8522 Yokohama, Japan
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21
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Microfluidic cloth-based analytical devices: Emerging technologies and applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 168:112391. [PMID: 32862091 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cloth (or fabric) is an omnipresent material that has various applications in everyday life, and has become one of the things people are most familiar with. It has some attractive properties such as low cost, ability to transport fluid by capillary force, high tensile strength and durability, good wet strength, and great biocompatibility and biodegradability. Hence, cloth is an ideal material for the development of economical and user-friendly diagnostic devices for many applications including food detection, environmental monitoring, disease diagnosis and public health. Microfluidic cloth-based analytical devices (μCADs) (or microfluidic fabric-based analytical devices (μFADs)) first emerged in 2011 as a low-cost alternative to conventional laboratory testing, with the goal of improving point of care testing and disease screening in the developing world. In this review, we examine the advances in the development of μCADs from 2011 to 2020, especially highlighting emerging technologies and applications related to the μCADs. First, different fabrication methods for μCADs are introduced and compared. Second, a series of cloth-based microfluidic functional components are discussed, including microvalves, fluid velocity control elements, micromixers, and microfilters. Then, electroanalytical μCADs are described, especially focusing on the use of cloth-based electrodes. Next, various detection methods for μCADs, together with their corresponding applications, are compared and categorized. In addition, the current development of wearable μCADs is also demonstrated. Finally, the future outlook and trends in this field are discussed.
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22
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Xu L, Wang A, Li X, Oh KW. Passive micropumping in microfluidics for point-of-care testing. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2020; 14:031503. [PMID: 32509049 PMCID: PMC7263483 DOI: 10.1063/5.0002169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Suitable micropumping methods for flow control represent a major technical hurdle in the development of microfluidic systems for point-of-care testing (POCT). Passive micropumping for point-of-care microfluidic systems provides a promising solution to such challenges, in particular, passive micropumping based on capillary force and air transfer based on the air solubility and air permeability of specific materials. There have been numerous developments and applications of micropumping techniques that are relevant to the use in POCT. Compared with active pumping methods such as syringe pumps or pressure pumps, where the flow rate can be well-tuned independent of the design of the microfluidic devices or the property of the liquids, most passive micropumping methods still suffer flow-control problems. For example, the flow rate may be set once the device has been made, and the properties of liquids may affect the flow rate. However, the advantages of passive micropumping, which include simplicity, ease of use, and low cost, make it the best choice for POCT. Here, we present a systematic review of different types of passive micropumping that are suitable for POCT, alongside existing applications based on passive micropumping. Future trends in passive micropumping are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Xu
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic
Sciences, Schools of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of California San
Francisco, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall 304, San Francisco, California
94158, USA
| | - Anyang Wang
- SMALL (Sensors and MicroActuators Learning Lab),
Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New
York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - Xiangpeng Li
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic
Sciences, Schools of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of California San
Francisco, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall 304, San Francisco, California
94158, USA
| | - Kwang W. Oh
- SMALL (Sensors and MicroActuators Learning Lab),
Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New
York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
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Abstract
Open microfluidic capillary systems are a rapidly evolving branch of microfluidics where fluids are manipulated by capillary forces in channels lacking physical walls on all sides. Typical channel geometries include grooves, rails, or beams and complex systems with multiple air-liquid interfaces. Removing channel walls allows access for retrieval (fluid sampling) and addition (pipetting reagents or adding objects like tissue scaffolds) at any point in the channel; the entire channel becomes a "device-to-world" interface, whereas such interfaces are limited to device inlets and outlets in traditional closed-channel microfluidics. Open microfluidic capillary systems are simple to fabricate and reliable to operate. Prototyping methods (e.g., 3D printing) and manufacturing methods (e.g., injection molding) can be used seamlessly, accelerating development. This Perspective highlights fundamentals of open microfluidic capillary systems including unique advantages, design considerations, fabrication methods, and analytical considerations for flow; device features that can be combined to create a "toolbox" for fluid manipulation; and applications in biology, diagnostics, chemistry, sensing, and biphasic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Berthier
- University of Washington, Department of Chemistry, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Ashley M. Dostie
- University of Washington, Department of Chemistry, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Ulri N. Lee
- University of Washington, Department of Chemistry, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Jean Berthier
- University of Washington, Department of Chemistry, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Ashleigh B. Theberge
- University of Washington, Department of Chemistry, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Urology, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
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24
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Naeimirad M, Abuzade R, Babaahmadi V, Dabirian F. Microfluidic through fibrous structures: Recent developments and future trends. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/mdp2.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Naeimirad
- Department of Materials and Textile Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringRazi University Kermanshah Iran
| | - RamazanAli Abuzade
- Department of Materials and Textile Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringRazi University Kermanshah Iran
| | - Vahid Babaahmadi
- Department of Materials and Textile Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringRazi University Kermanshah Iran
| | - Farzad Dabirian
- Department of Materials and Textile Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringRazi University Kermanshah Iran
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25
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Farajikhah S, Cabot JM, Innis PC, Paull B, Wallace G. Life-Saving Threads: Advances in Textile-Based Analytical Devices. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2019; 21:229-240. [PMID: 30640423 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.8b00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Novel approaches that incorporate electrofluidic and microfluidic technologies are reviewed to illustrate the translation of traditional enclosed structures into open and accessible textile based platforms. Through the utilization of on-fiber and on-textile microfluidics, it is possible to invert the typical enclosed capillary column or microfluidic "chip" platform, to achieve surface accessible efficient separations and fluid handling, while maintaining a microfluidic environment. The open fiber/textile based fluidics approach immediately provides new possibilities to interrogate, manipulate, redirect, extract, characterize, and quantify solutes and target species at any point in time during such processes as on-fiber electrodriven separations. This approach is revolutionary in its simplicity and provides many potential advantages not otherwise afforded by the more traditional enclosed platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syamak Farajikhah
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Electromaterials Science (ACES), AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
| | - Joan M. Cabot
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS) and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Tasmania 7005, Australia
| | - Peter C. Innis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Electromaterials Science (ACES), AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
- Australian National Fabrication Facility − Materials Node, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Brett Paull
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS) and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Tasmania 7005, Australia
| | - Gordon Wallace
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Electromaterials Science (ACES), AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
- Australian National Fabrication Facility − Materials Node, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
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26
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Oliveira NM, Vilabril S, Oliveira MB, Reis RL, Mano JF. Recent advances on open fluidic systems for biomedical applications: A review. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 97:851-863. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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27
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He X, Xu T, Gu Z, Gao W, Xu LP, Pan T, Zhang X. Flexible and Superwettable Bands as a Platform toward Sweat Sampling and Sensing. Anal Chem 2019; 91:4296-4300. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuecheng He
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Tailin Xu
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Gu
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Wei Gao
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Li-Ping Xu
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Tingrui Pan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
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28
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He X, Xu T, Gao W, Xu LP, Pan T, Zhang X. Flexible Superwettable Tapes for On-Site Detection of Heavy Metals. Anal Chem 2018; 90:14105-14110. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuecheng He
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Tailin Xu
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Wei Gao
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Li-Ping Xu
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Tingrui Pan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
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29
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Cabot JM, Macdonald NP, Phung SC, Breadmore MC, Paull B. Fibre-based electrofluidics on low cost versatile 3D printed platforms for solute delivery, separations and diagnostics; from small molecules to intact cells. Analyst 2018; 141:6422-6431. [PMID: 27786314 DOI: 10.1039/c6an01515h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A novel and effective fibre-based microfluidic methodology was developed to move and isolate charged solutes, biomolecules, and intact bacterial cells, based upon a novel multi-functional 3D printed supporting platform, with potential applications in the fields of microfluidics and biodiagnostics. Various on-fibre electrophoretic techniques are demonstrated to separate, pre-concentrate, move, split, or cut and collect the isolated zones of target solutes, including proteins and live bacterial cells. The use of knotting to link different fibre materials, and the unique ability of this approach to physically concentrate solutes in different locations are shown such that the concentrated solutes can be physically isolated and easily transferred to other fibres. Application of this novel fibre-based technique within a potential diagnostic platform for urinary tract infection is shown, together with the post-electrophoretic incubation of live bacterial cells, demonstrating the cell survival following on-fibre electrophoretic concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan M Cabot
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), School of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia. and Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Niall P Macdonald
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), School of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia. and Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Sui C Phung
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Michael C Breadmore
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), School of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia. and Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Brett Paull
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), School of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia. and Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
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30
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Chatterjee S, Sinha Mahapatra P, Ibrahim A, Ganguly R, Yu L, Dodge R, Megaridis CM. Precise Liquid Transport on and through Thin Porous Materials. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:2865-2875. [PMID: 29377702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b04093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Porous substrates have the ability to transport liquids not only laterally on their open surfaces but also transversally through their thickness. Directionality of the fluid transport can be achieved through spatial wettability patterning of these substrates. Different designs of wettability patterns are implemented herein to attain different schemes (modes) of three-dimensional transport in a high-density paper towel, which acts as a thin porous matrix directing the fluid. All schemes facilitate precise transport of metered liquid microvolumes (dispensed as droplets) on the surface and through the substrate. One selected mode features lateral fluid transport along the bottom surface of the substrate, with the top surface remaining dry, except at the initial droplet dispension point. This configuration is investigated in further detail, and an analytical model is developed to predict the temporal variation of the penetrating drop shape. The analysis and respective measurements agree within the experimental error limits, thus confirming the model's ability to account for the main transport mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvick Chatterjee
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Pallab Sinha Mahapatra
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600036, India
| | - Ali Ibrahim
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Ranjan Ganguly
- Department of Power Engineering, Jadavpur University , Kolkata 700098, India
| | - Lisha Yu
- Corporate Research and Engineering, Kimberly-Clark Corporation , Neenah, Wisconsin 54956, United States
| | - Richard Dodge
- Corporate Research and Engineering, Kimberly-Clark Corporation , Neenah, Wisconsin 54956, United States
| | - Constantine M Megaridis
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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31
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Cabot JM, Breadmore MC, Paull B. Thread based electrofluidic platform for direct metabolite analysis in complex samples. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1000:283-292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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32
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Rahimi R, Yu W, Ochoa M, Ziaie B. Directly embroidered microtubes for fluid transport in wearable applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:1585-1593. [PMID: 28379278 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00074j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate, for the first time, a facile and low-cost approach for integrating highly flexible and stretchable microfluidic channels into textile-based substrates. The integration of the microfluidics is accomplished by means of directly embroidering surface-functionalized micro-tubing in a zigzag/meander pattern and subsequently coating it with an elastomer for irreversible bonding. We show the utility of the embroidered micro-tubing by developing robust and stretchable drug-delivery and electronic devices. Controlled drug-delivery platforms with sustained release are achieved through selected laser ablated openings. We further demonstrate a wearable wireless resonant displacement sensor capable of detecting strains ranging from 0 to 60% with an average sensitivity of 45 kHz per % strain by filling the embroidered tubing with a liquid metal alloy, creating stretchable conductive microfluidics with <0.4 Ω resistance variations at their maximum stretchability (100%). The interconnects can withstand 1500 repeated stretch-and-release cycles at 30% strain with a less than 0.1 Ω change in resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahim Rahimi
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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33
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Yang Y, Xing S, Fang Z, Li R, Koo H, Pan T. Wearable microfluidics: fabric-based digital droplet flowmetry for perspiration analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:926-935. [PMID: 28197582 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01522k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The latest development in wearable technologies has attracted much attention. In particular, collection and analysis of body fluids has been a focus. In this paper, we have reported a wearable microfluidic platform made using conventional fabric materials and laser micromachining to measure the flow rate on a patterned fabric surface, referred to as digital droplet flowmetry (DDF). The proposed wearable DDF is capable of collecting and measuring continuous perspiration with high precision (96% on average) in a real-time fashion over a defined area of skin. We have introduced a theoretical model for the proposed wearable interfacial microfluidic platform, under which various design parameters have been investigated and optimized for various conditions. The novel digitalized measurement principle of DDF provides fast responses, digital readouts, system flexibility, and continuous performance of the flow measurement. Moreover, the proposed DDF platform can be conveniently implemented on regular apparel or a wearable device, and has potential to be applied to dynamic removal, collection and monitoring of biofluids for various physiological and clinical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Yang
- Micro-Nano Innovations (MiNI) Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
| | - Siyuan Xing
- Micro-Nano Innovations (MiNI) Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
| | - Zecong Fang
- Micro-Nano Innovations (MiNI) Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
| | - Ruya Li
- Micro-Nano Innovations (MiNI) Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, USA. and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Helen Koo
- Department of Design, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Tingrui Pan
- Micro-Nano Innovations (MiNI) Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, USA. and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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34
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Wang H, Wang SG, Kan JJ, Deng XY, Wang WC, Wu MH, Lei Y. Low voltage driven surface micro-flow by Joule heating. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03259e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a low voltage driven surface microfluidic system simply by Joule heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Wang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - S. G. Wang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - J. J. Kan
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - X. Y. Deng
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - W. C. Wang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - M. H. Wu
- Shanghai Applied Radiation Institute
- Shanghai University
- P. R. China
| | - Y. Lei
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
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35
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36
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Lv T, Cheng Z, Zhang D, Zhang E, Zhao Q, Liu Y, Jiang L. Superhydrophobic Surface With Shape Memory Micro/Nanostructure and Its Application in Rewritable Chip for Droplet Storage. ACS NANO 2016; 10:9379-9386. [PMID: 27654220 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b04257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Recently, superhydrophobic surfaces with tunable wettability have aroused much attention. Noticeably, almost all present smart performances rely on the variation of surface chemistry on static micro/nanostructure, to obtain a surface with dynamically tunable micro/nanostructure, especially that can memorize and keep different micro/nanostructures and related wettabilities, is still a challenge. Herein, by creating micro/nanostructured arrays on shape memory polymer, a superhydrophobic surface that has shape memory ability in changing and recovering its hierarchical structures and related wettabilities was reported. Meanwhile, the surface was successfully used in the rewritable functional chip for droplet storage by designing microstructure-dependent patterns, which breaks through current research that structure patterns cannot be reprogrammed. This article advances a superhydrophobic surface with shape memory hierarchical structure and the application in rewritable functional chip, which could start some fresh ideas for the development of smart superhydrophobic surface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lei Jiang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100080, PR China
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37
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Yeo JC, Lim CT. Emergence of microfluidic wearable technologies. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:4082-4090. [PMID: 27713996 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00926c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
There has been an intense interest in the development of wearable technologies, arising from increasing demands in the areas of fitness and healthcare. While still at an early stage, incorporating microfluidics in wearable technologies has enormous potential, especially in healthcare applications. For example, current microfluidic fabrication techniques can be innovatively modified to fabricate microstructures and incorporate electrically conductive elements on soft, flexible and stretchable materials. In fact, by leverarging on such microfabrication and liquid manipulation techniques, the developed flexible microfluidic wearable technologies have enabled several biosensing applications, including in situ sweat metabolites analysis, vital signs monitoring, and gait analysis. As such, we anticipate further significant breakthroughs and potential uses of wearable microfluidics in active drug delivery patches, soft robotics sensing and control, and even implantable artificial organs in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Chuan Yeo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575 Singapore.
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575 Singapore. and Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411 Singapore
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38
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Liu M, Liu R, Wang D, Liu C, Zhang C. A low-cost, ultraflexible cloth-based microfluidic device for wireless electrochemiluminescence application. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:2860-2870. [PMID: 27356231 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00289g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The rising need for low-cost diagnostic devices has led to the search for inexpensive matrices that allow performing alternative analytical assays. Cloth is a viable material for the development of analytical devices due to its low material and manufacture costs, ability to wick assay fluids by capillary forces, and potential for patterning multiplexed channel geometries. In this paper, we describe the construction of low-cost, ultraflexible microfluidic cloth-based analytical devices (μCADs) for wireless electrochemiluminescence based on closed bipolar electrodes (C-WL-ECL), employing extremely cheap materials and a manufacturing process. The C-WL-ECL μCADs are built with wax-screen-printed cloth channels and carbon ink screen-printed electrodes, and the estimated cost per device is only $0.015. To demonstrate the performance of C-WL-ECL μCADs, the two most commonly used ECL systems - tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(ii)/tri-n-propylamine (Ru(bpy)3(2+)/TPA) and 3-aminophthalhydrazide/hydrogen peroxide (luminol/H2O2) - are applied. Under optimized conditions, the C-WL-ECL method has successfully fulfilled the quantitative determination of TPA with a detection limit of 0.085 mM. In addition, on the bent μCADs (bending angle (θ) = 180°), the luminol/H2O2-based ECL system can detect H2O2 as low as 0.024 mM. Based on such an ECL system, the bent μCADs are further used for determination of glucose in a phosphate buffer solution (PBS), with the detection limit of 0.195 mM. Finally, the applicability and validity, anti-interference ability, and storage stability of the C-WL-ECL μCADs are investigated. The results indicate that the proposed device has shown potential to extend the use of microfluidic analytical devices, due to its simplicity, low cost, ultraflexibility, and acceptable analytical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, No. 55, Zhongshan Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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39
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Gabardo CM, Soleymani L. Deposition, patterning, and utility of conductive materials for the rapid prototyping of chemical and bioanalytical devices. Analyst 2016; 141:3511-25. [PMID: 27001624 DOI: 10.1039/c6an00210b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Rapid prototyping is a critical step in the product development cycle of miniaturized chemical and bioanalytical devices, often categorized as lab-on-a-chip devices, biosensors, and micro-total analysis systems. While high throughput manufacturing methods are often preferred for large-volume production, rapid prototyping is necessary for demonstrating and predicting the performance of a device and performing field testing and validation before translating a product from research and development to large volume production. Choosing a specific rapid prototyping method involves considering device design requirements in terms of minimum feature sizes, mechanical stability, thermal and chemical resistance, and optical and electrical properties. A rapid prototyping method is then selected by making engineering trade-off decisions between the suitability of the method in meeting the design specifications and manufacturing metrics such as speed, cost, precision, and potential for scale up. In this review article, we review four categories of rapid prototyping methods that are applicable to developing miniaturized bioanalytical devices, single step, mask and deposit, mask and etch, and mask-free assembly, and we will focus on the trade-offs that need to be made when selecting a particular rapid prototyping method. The focus of the review article will be on the development of systems having a specific arrangement of conductive or semiconductive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Gabardo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Canada
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40
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Liu H, Gao SW, Cai JS, He CL, Mao JJ, Zhu TX, Chen Z, Huang JY, Meng K, Zhang KQ, Al-Deyab SS, Lai YK. Recent Progress in Fabrication and Applications of Superhydrophobic Coating on Cellulose-Based Substrates. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9030124. [PMID: 28773253 PMCID: PMC5456681 DOI: 10.3390/ma9030124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Multifuntional fabrics with special wettability have attracted a lot of interest in both fundamental research and industry applications over the last two decades. In this review, recent progress of various kinds of approaches and strategies to construct super-antiwetting coating on cellulose-based substrates (fabrics and paper) has been discussed in detail. We focus on the significant applications related to artificial superhydrophobic fabrics with special wettability and controllable adhesion, e.g., oil-water separation, self-cleaning, asymmetric/anisotropic wetting for microfluidic manipulation, air/liquid directional gating, and micro-template for patterning. In addition to the anti-wetting properties and promising applications, particular attention is paid to coating durability and other incorporated functionalities, e.g., air permeability, UV-shielding, photocatalytic self-cleaning, self-healing and patterned antiwetting properties. Finally, the existing difficulties and future prospects of this traditional and developing field are briefly proposed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Shou-Wei Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Jing-Sheng Cai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Cheng-Lin He
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Jia-Jun Mao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Tian-Xue Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Zhong Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798.
| | - Jian-Ying Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Kai Meng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
- Research Center of Cooperative Innovation for Functional Organic/Polymer Material Micro/Nanofabrication, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Ke-Qin Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
- Research Center of Cooperative Innovation for Functional Organic/Polymer Material Micro/Nanofabrication, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Salem S Al-Deyab
- Department of Chemistry, Petrochemical Research Chair, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Yue-Kun Lai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
- Research Center of Cooperative Innovation for Functional Organic/Polymer Material Micro/Nanofabrication, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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41
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Agustini D, Bergamini MF, Marcolino-Junior LH. Low cost microfluidic device based on cotton threads for electroanalytical application. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:345-52. [PMID: 26659997 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc01348h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices are an interesting alternative for performing analytical assays, due to the speed of analyses, reduced sample, reagent and solvent consumption and less waste generation. However, the high manufacturing costs still prevent the massive use of these devices worldwide. Here, we present the construction of a low cost microfluidic thread-based electroanalytical device (μTED), employing extremely cheap materials and a manufacturing process free of equipment. The microfluidic channels were built with cotton threads and the estimated cost per device was only $0.39. The flow of solutions (1.12 μL s(-1)) is generated spontaneously due to the capillary forces, eliminating the use of any pumping system. To demonstrate the analytical performance of the μTED, a simultaneous determination of acetaminophen (ACT) and diclofenac (DCF) was performed by multiple pulse amperometry (MPA). A linear dynamic range (LDR) of 10 to 320 μmol L(-1) for both species, a limit of detection (LOD) and a limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 1.4 and 4.7 μmol L(-1) and 2.5 and 8.3 μmol L(-1) for ACT and DCF, respectively, as well as an analytical frequency of 45 injections per hour were reached. Thus, the proposed device has shown potential to extend the use of microfluidic analytical devices, due to its simplicity, low cost and good analytical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deonir Agustini
- Laboratório de Sensores Eletroquímicos (LabSensE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba-PR, Brazil.
| | - Márcio F Bergamini
- Laboratório de Sensores Eletroquímicos (LabSensE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba-PR, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Humberto Marcolino-Junior
- Laboratório de Sensores Eletroquímicos (LabSensE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba-PR, Brazil.
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42
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Electrochemiluminescence detection in microfluidic cloth-based analytical devices. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 75:247-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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43
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Sun J, Bao B, Jiang J, He M, Zhang X, Song Y. Facile fabrication of a superhydrophilic–superhydrophobic patterned surface by inkjet printing a sacrificial layer on a superhydrophilic surface. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra02170k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A superhydrophilic–superhydrophobic patterned surface was facilely fabricated by controlling the depositing morphology of the inkjet droplet on a superhydrophilic surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhen Sun
- School of Chemistry and Environment
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100191
- China
| | - Bin Bao
- School of Chemistry and Environment
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100191
- China
| | - Jieke Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
| | - Min He
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
| | - Xingye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
| | - Yanlin Song
- School of Chemistry and Environment
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100191
- China
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing
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44
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Beyazkilic P, Tuvshindorj U, Yildirim A, Elbuken C, Bayindir M. Robust superhydrophilic patterning of superhydrophobic ormosil surfaces for high-throughput on-chip screening applications. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra19669a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This article describes a facile method for the preparation of two-dimensionally patterned superhydrophobic hybrid coatings with controlled wettability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Beyazkilic
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Centre
- Turkey
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology
- Turkey
| | - Urandelger Tuvshindorj
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Centre
- Turkey
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology
- Turkey
| | - Adem Yildirim
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Centre
- Turkey
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology
- Turkey
| | - Caglar Elbuken
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Centre
- Turkey
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology
- Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bayindir
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Centre
- Turkey
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology
- Turkey
- Department of Physics
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45
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Liu M, Zhang C, Liu F. Understanding wax screen-printing: A novel patterning process for microfluidic cloth-based analytical devices. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 891:234-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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46
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Karnaushenko D, Ibarlucea B, Lee S, Lin G, Baraban L, Pregl S, Melzer M, Makarov D, Weber WM, Mikolajick T, Schmidt OG, Cuniberti G. Light Weight and Flexible High-Performance Diagnostic Platform. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:1517-25. [PMID: 25946521 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A flexible diagnostic platform is realized and its performance is demonstrated for early detection of avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H1N1 DNA sequences. The key component of the platform is high-performance biosensors based on high output currents and low power dissipation Si nanowire field effect transistors (SiNW-FETs) fabricated on flexible 100 μm thick polyimide foils. The devices on a polymeric support are about ten times lighter compared to their rigid counterparts on Si wafers and can be prepared on large areas. While the latter potentially allows reducing the fabrication costs per device, the former makes them cost efficient for high-volume delivery to medical institutions in, e.g., developing countries. The flexible devices withstand bending down to a 7.5 mm radius and do not degrade in performance even after 1000 consecutive bending cycles. In addition to these remarkable mechanical properties, on the analytic side, the diagnostic platform allows fast detection of specific DNA sequences of AIV subtype H1N1 with a limit of detection of 40 × 10(-12) m within 30 min suggesting its suitability for early stage disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil Karnaushenko
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences; IFW Dresden; Helmholtzstr. 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Bergoi Ibarlucea
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials; Dresden University of Technology; Budapesterstr. 27 01062 Dresden Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CfAED); Dresden University of Technology; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Sanghun Lee
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials; Dresden University of Technology; Budapesterstr. 27 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Gungun Lin
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences; IFW Dresden; Helmholtzstr. 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Larysa Baraban
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials; Dresden University of Technology; Budapesterstr. 27 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Sebastian Pregl
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials; Dresden University of Technology; Budapesterstr. 27 01062 Dresden Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CfAED); Dresden University of Technology; 01062 Dresden Germany
- Namlab GmbH; Nöthnitzerstraße 64 01187 Dresden Germany
| | - Michael Melzer
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences; IFW Dresden; Helmholtzstr. 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Denys Makarov
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences; IFW Dresden; Helmholtzstr. 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Walter M. Weber
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CfAED); Dresden University of Technology; 01062 Dresden Germany
- Namlab GmbH; Nöthnitzerstraße 64 01187 Dresden Germany
| | - Thomas Mikolajick
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CfAED); Dresden University of Technology; 01062 Dresden Germany
- Namlab GmbH; Nöthnitzerstraße 64 01187 Dresden Germany
- Institute for Semiconductors and Microsystems; Dresden University of Technology; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Oliver G. Schmidt
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences; IFW Dresden; Helmholtzstr. 20 01069 Dresden Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CfAED); Dresden University of Technology; 01062 Dresden Germany
- Material Systemsfor Nanoelectronics; Chemnitz University of Technology; Reichenhainer Str. 70 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials; Dresden University of Technology; Budapesterstr. 27 01062 Dresden Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CfAED); Dresden University of Technology; 01062 Dresden Germany
- Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCCMS); Dresden University of Technology; 01062 Dresden Germany
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47
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Kim J, Bae S, Song S, Chung K, Kwon S. Fiber composite slices for multiplexed immunoassays. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2015; 9:044109. [PMID: 26339310 PMCID: PMC4522008 DOI: 10.1063/1.4927590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication methods for the development of multiplexed immunoassay platforms primarily depend on the individual functionalization of reaction chambers to achieve a heterogeneous reacting substrate composition, which increases the overall manufacturing time and cost. Here, we describe a new type of low-cost fabrication method for a scalable immunoassay platform based on cotton threads. The manufacturing process involves the fabrication of functionalized fibers and the arrangement of these fibers into a bundle; this bundle is then sectioned to make microarray-like particles with a predefined surface architecture. With these sections, composed of heterogeneous thread fragments with different types of antibodies, we demonstrated quantitative and 7-plex immunoassays. We expect that this methodology will prove to be a versatile, low-cost, and highly scalable method for the fabrication of multiplexed bioassay platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Kim
- Nano Systems Institute, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-744, South Korea
| | | | | | - Keumsim Chung
- QuantaMatrix Inc., Se oul National University , Seoul 151-744, South Korea
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48
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Guan W, Zhang C, Liu F, Liu M. Chemiluminescence detection for microfluidic cloth-based analytical devices (μCADs). Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 72:114-20. [PMID: 25974173 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report the first demonstration of chemiluminescence (CL) detection for microfluidic cloth-based analytical devices (μCADs). Wax screen-printing is used to make cloth channels or chambers, and enzyme-catalyzed CL reactions are imaged using an inexpensive charge coupled device (CCD). We first evaluate the relationship between the wicking rate and the length/width of cloth channel. For our device, the channel length and width between the loading and detection chambers are optimized to be 10mm and 3mm. Thus, the detection procedure can be accomplished in about 15s on a cloth-based device (15 × 30 mm(2)) by using 25-μL sample spotted on it. Next, several parameters affecting cloth-based CL intensity are studied, including exposure time, pH, and concentrations of luminol and enzyme. Under optimal conditions, a linear relationship is obtained between CL intensity and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations in the range of 0.5-5mM with a detection limit of 0.46 mM. Finally, the utility of cloth-based CL is demonstrated for determination of H2O2 residues in meat samples. On our device, the chicken meat soaked for 6h with 3% H2O2 can be detected. Moreover, the supernatant of grinded meat sample can be directly applied, without need for other treatments. We believe that μCADs with CL detection could provide a new platform of rapid and low-cost assays for use in areas such as food detection and environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrong Guan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Chunsun Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
| | - Feifei Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Min Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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49
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Wu P, Zhang C. Low-cost, high-throughput fabrication of cloth-based microfluidic devices using a photolithographical patterning technique. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:1598-608. [PMID: 25656508 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc01135j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we first report a facile, low-cost and high-throughput method for photolithographical fabrication of microfluidic cloth-based analytical devices (μCADs) by simply using a cotton cloth as a substrate material and employing an inexpensive hydrophobic photoresist laboratory-formulated from commercially available reagents, which allows patterning of reproducible hydrophilic-hydrophobic features in the cloth with well-defined and uniform boundaries. Firstly, we evaluated the wicking properties of cotton cloths by testing the wicking rate in the cloth channel, in combination with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses. It is demonstrated that the wicking properties of the cloth microfluidic channel can be improved by soaking the cloth substrate in 20 wt% NaOH solution and by washing the cloth-based microfluidic patterns with 3 wt% SDS solution. Next, we studied the minimum dimensions achievable for the width of the hydrophobic barriers and hydrophilic channels. The results indicate that the smallest width for a desired hydrophobic barrier is designed to be 100 μm and that for a desired hydrophilic channel is designed to be 500 μm. Finally, the high-throughput μCADs prepared using the developed fabrication technique were demonstrated for colorimetric assays of glucose and protein in artificial urine samples. It has been shown that the photolithographically patterned μCADs have potential for a simple, quantitative colorimetric urine test. The combination of cheap cloth and inexpensive high-throughput photolithography enables the development of new types of low-cost cloth-based microfluidic devices, such as "microzone plates" and "gate arrays", which provide new methods to perform biochemical assays or control fluid flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijing Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, No. 55, Zhongshan Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510631, PR China.
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50
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Lu F, Mao Q, Wu R, Zhang S, Du J, Lv J. A siphonage flow and thread-based low-cost platform enables quantitative and sensitive assays. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:495-503. [PMID: 25406338 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc01248h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
For pump-free, material abundant, portable, and easy-to-operate low-cost microfluidics, a siphonage flow microfluidic thread-based analytical device (S-μTAD) platform enabling quantitative and sensitive assays was designed. Renewable and continuous siphonage flow allowed replicate sampling and detection on one channel/device, obviating some possible inconsistencies among channels or devices. Y-shaped channels were fabricated with polyester cotton blend thread, due to its greater chemiluminescent sensitivity in comparison with that of cotton and polyester threads. S-μTAD sensors for glucose and uric acid were fabricated by using oxidase-immobilized cotton thread as the sample arm of the channels. The acceptable reproducibility and high sensitivity, demonstrated by the relative standard deviations of less than 5% in all cases and the detection limits of 4 × 10(-8) mol L(-1) for hydrogen peroxide, 1 × 10(-7) mol L(-1) for glucose, and 3 × 10(-6) mol L(-1) for uric acid, demonstrated the feasibility of the S-μTAD for quantitative assays. Good agreements between S-μTAD/sensor results and hospital results for blood glucose and uric acid assays indicated the capability of S-μTAD/sensors for the analysis of real samples. These findings proved the utility of siphonage for low-cost microfluidics and the suitability of our S-μTAD design for quantitative assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 710062 Xi'an, China.
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