1
|
Nikolaou V, Agapaki E, Nikoloudakis E, Achilleos K, Ladomenou K, Charalambidis G, Triantafyllou E, Coutsolelos AG. Highly efficient light-driven hydrogen evolution utilizing porphyrin-based nanoparticles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11256-11259. [PMID: 37661797 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02922k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
We developed dye-sensitized photocatalytic systems (DSPs) by utilizing porphyrins as a photosensitizer (PS) or as a photosensitizer-catalyst (PS/CAT) upon their chemisorption onto platinum-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles (Pt-TiO2 NPs). The DSPs coated with Pt-Tc3CP (PS/CAT entity) exhibited a record-high stability (25 500 TONs) and H2 evolution activity (707 mmol g-1 h-1) compared to similar DSPs in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasilis Nikolaou
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Eleni Agapaki
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Emmanouil Nikoloudakis
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Katerina Achilleos
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Kalliopi Ladomenou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, 65404 Kavala, Greece
| | - Georgios Charalambidis
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Evitina Triantafyllou
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Athanassios G Coutsolelos
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL) Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Vassilika Vouton, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Molecular Characteristics of Water-Insoluble Tin-Porphyrins for Designing the One-Photon-Induced Two-Electron Oxidation of Water in Artificial Photosynthesis. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041882. [PMID: 36838871 PMCID: PMC9963784 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Faced with the new stage of water oxidation by molecular catalysts (MCs) in artificial photosynthesis to overcome the bottle neck issue, the "Photon-flux density problem of sunlight," a two-electron oxidation process forming H2O2 in place of the conventional four-electron oxidation evolving O2 has attracted much attention. The molecular characteristics of tin(IV)-tetrapyridylporphyrin (SnTPyP), as one of the most promising MCs for the two-electron water oxidation, has been studied in detail. The protolytic equilibria among nine species of SnTPyP, with eight pKa values on the axial ligands' water molecules and peripheral pyridyl nitrogen atoms in both the ground and excited states, have been clarified through the measurements of UV-vis, fluorescence, 1H NMR, and dynamic fluorescence decay behaviour. The oxidation potentials in the Pourbaix diagram and spin densities by DFT calculation of the one-electron oxidized form of each nine species have predicted that the fully deprotonated species ([SnTPyP(O-)2]2-) and the singly deprotonated one ([SnTPyP(OH)(O-)]-) serve as the most favourable MCs for visible light-induced two-electron water oxidation when they are adsorbed on TiO2 for H2 formation or SnO2 for Z-scheme CO2 reduction in the molecular catalyst sensitized system of artificial photosynthesis.
Collapse
|
3
|
Nikoloudakis E, López-Duarte I, Charalambidis G, Ladomenou K, Ince M, Coutsolelos AG. Porphyrins and phthalocyanines as biomimetic tools for photocatalytic H 2 production and CO 2 reduction. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:6965-7045. [PMID: 35686606 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00183g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The increasing energy demand and environmental issues caused by the over-exploitation of fossil fuels render the need for renewable, clean, and environmentally benign energy sources unquestionably urgent. The zero-emission energy carrier, H2 is an ideal alternative to carbon-based fuels especially when it is generated photocatalytically from water. Additionally, the photocatalytic conversion of CO2 into chemical fuels can reduce the CO2 emissions and have a positive environmental and economic impact. Inspired by natural photosynthesis, plenty of artificial photocatalytic schemes based on porphyrinoids have been investigated. This review covers the recent advances in photocatalytic H2 production and CO2 reduction systems containing porphyrin or phthalocyanine derivatives. The unique properties of porphyrinoids enable their utilization both as chromophores and as catalysts. The homogeneous photocatalytic systems are initially described, presenting the various approaches for the improvement of photosensitizing activity and the enhancement of catalytic performance at the molecular level. On the other hand, for the development of the heterogeneous systems, numerous methods were employed such as self-assembled supramolecular porphyrinoid nanostructures, construction of organic frameworks, combination with 2D materials and adsorption onto semiconductors. The dye sensitization on semiconductors opened the way for molecular-based dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (DSPECs) devices based on porphyrins and phthalocyanines. The research in photocatalytic systems as discussed herein remains challenging since there are still many limitations making them unfeasible to be used at a large scale application before finding a large-scale application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Nikoloudakis
- University of Crete, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Ismael López-Duarte
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Georgios Charalambidis
- University of Crete, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Kalliopi Ladomenou
- International Hellenic University, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Agios Loucas, 65404, Kavala Campus, Greece.
| | - Mine Ince
- Department of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Tarsus University, Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Athanassios G Coutsolelos
- University of Crete, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, Crete, Greece. .,Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL) Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mathew S, Sebastian A, Kuttassery F, Takagi S, Tachibana H, Inoue H. Acid-base equilibria of axial ligand and peripheral pyridyl group with stepwise formation of nine species of aluminum (III) tera(4-pyridyl) porphyrin. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
5
|
Tomboc GM, Park Y, Lee K, Jin K. Directing transition metal-based oxygen-functionalization catalysis. Chem Sci 2021; 12:8967-8995. [PMID: 34276926 PMCID: PMC8261717 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01272j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review presents the recent progress of oxygen functionalization reactions based on non-electrochemical (conventional organic synthesis) and electrochemical methods. Although both methods have their advantages and limitations, the former approach has been used to synthesize a broader range of organic substances as the latter is limited by several factors, such as poor selectivity and high energy cost. However, because electrochemical methods can replace harmful terminal oxidizers with external voltage, organic electrosynthesis has emerged as greener and more eco-friendly compared to conventional organic synthesis. The progress of electrochemical methods toward oxygen functionalization is presented by an in-depth discussion of different types of electrically driven-chemical organic synthesis, with particular attention to recently developed electrochemical systems and catalyst designs. We hope to direct the attention of readers to the latest breakthroughs of traditional oxygen functionalization reactions and to the potential of electrochemistry for the transformation of organic substrates to useful end products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gracita M Tomboc
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeji Park
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangyeol Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungsuk Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 P. R. China
| | - Yong Na
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kuttassery F, Sebastian A, Mathew S, Tachibana H, Inoue H. Promotive Effect of Bicarbonate Ion on Two-Electron Water Oxidation to Form H 2 O 2 Catalyzed by Aluminum Porphyrins. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:1939-1948. [PMID: 30963704 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two-electron water oxidation initiated by one-electron oxidation of aluminum porphyrins (AlTMPyP) is an alternative water oxidation to the conventional four-electron pathway and could help to avoid the bottleneck subject of photon-flux density in artificial photosynthesis. Here, a dramatic enhancement of the reactivity by bicarbonate ion in the two-electron water oxidation to form H2 O2 is reported. An addition of sodium carbonate (Na2 CO3 ) controlled both catalytic current and product selectivity of the two-electron water oxidation to enhance the activity of AlTMPyP at pH≈10-11. Controlled potential electrolysis experiments at different concentrations of Na2 CO3 (10-100 mm) showed that peroxide selectivity was improved up to approximately 73 % by the increase of [Na2 CO3 ] added to the system. The promotion of the reaction cycle was induced by an enhanced dynamic capturing of H2 O2 from the hydroperoxy complex of AlTMPyP through an attack of a bicarbonate ion. The detailed electrochemical studies and product selectivity indicated that the bicarbonate ion served as a good cofactor for producing H2 O2 from water. At stronger alkaline conditions (pH 12.5), however, a retardative effect of the addition of Na2 CO3 on the catalytic reactivity was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fazalurahman Kuttassery
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachiohji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Abin Sebastian
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachiohji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Siby Mathew
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachiohji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tachibana
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachiohji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Haruo Inoue
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachiohji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
New Functionalized Polycycles Obtained by Photocatalytic Oxygenation Using Mn(III) Porphyrins in Basic Media. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9040304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
According to our earlier observations, the products of photocatalytic oxygenations of furan and thiophene derivatives of benzobicyclo[3.2.1]octadiene with anionic and cationic manganese(III) porphyrin at pH = 7 strongly depended on the type and position of the heteroatom in the aromatic ring, as well as the charge of the photocatalyst. Hence, a significant pH increase (to 10) in these systems offered a reasonable tool to affect the diversity and yields of the oxygenation products. They were quantitatively separated by TLC and identified with NMR analyses. The results clearly indicated that the increase of HO− concentration, in most cases, considerably changed the product yield, e.g., enhanced it to 70% for the hydroxy-furyl derivative. Accordingly, the selectivity of the oxygenation of the furan compound could be improved in this way. In the case of one thienyl compound, however, even an additional product appeared, while the yields of the products of the other thiophene derivative (with cationic catalyst) decreased to zero, suggesting the application of lower pH for preparative purposes. The pH effects indicate that oxygenation reactions in these systems involve more photochemically generated oxidative agents, e.g., •OH and (P)Mn(V)=O), the role of which is affected by the pH increase in various ways.
Collapse
|
9
|
Babu B, Amuhaya E, Oluwole D, Prinsloo E, Mack J, Nyokong T. Preparation of NIR absorbing axial substituted tin(iv) porphyrins and their photocytotoxic properties. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:41-48. [PMID: 30774853 PMCID: PMC6349065 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00373d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sn(iv) porphyrins ([Sn(iv)TTP(3PyO)2] (5) and [Sn(iv)TPP(3PyO)2] (6) [tetrathienylporphyrin (TTP), tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP), and pyridyloxy (PyO)]) were prepared and characterized and their photocytotoxicity upon irradiation with 625 nm light has been studied. The presence of the 3PyO axial ligands was found to limit the aggregation and enhance the solubility of 5 and 6 in DMF/H2O (1 : 1). The photophysical properties and photodynamic therapy (PDT) activity of the meso-2-thienyl and meso-phenyl-substituted Sn(iv) porphyrins are compared. 5 and 6 were found to be photocytotoxic in MCF-7 cancer cells when irradiated with a Thorlabs M625L3 LED at 625 nm but remained nontoxic in the dark. The PDT activity of Sn(iv) meso-tetra-2-thienylporphyrin 5 was found to be significantly enhanced relative to its analogous tetraphenylporphyrin 6. There is a marked red-shift of the Q00 band of 5 into the therapeutic window due to the meso-2-thienyl rings, and 5 has an unusually high singlet oxygen quantum yield value of 0.83 in DMF. The results demonstrate that readily synthesized axially ligated Sn(iv) meso-arylporphyrins are potentially suitable for use as singlet oxygen photosensitizers in biomedical applications and merit further in depth investigation in this context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Babu
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation , Department of Chemistry , Rhodes University , Makhanda 6140 , South Africa .
| | - Edith Amuhaya
- School of Pharmacy and Healthy Sciences , United States International University - Africa , Nairobi , Kenya
| | - David Oluwole
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation , Department of Chemistry , Rhodes University , Makhanda 6140 , South Africa .
| | - Earl Prinsloo
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre , Rhodes University , Makhanda 6140 , South Africa
| | - John Mack
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation , Department of Chemistry , Rhodes University , Makhanda 6140 , South Africa .
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation , Department of Chemistry , Rhodes University , Makhanda 6140 , South Africa .
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kuttassery F, Mathew S, Remello SN, Thomas A, Sano K, Ohsaki Y, Nabetani Y, Tachibana H, Inoue H. Alternative route to bypass the bottle-neck of water oxidation: Two-electron oxidation of water catalyzed by earth-abundant metalloporphyrins. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
11
|
How does the tin(IV)-insertion to porphyrins proceed in water at ambient temperature?: Re-investigation by time dependent 1H NMR and detection of intermediates. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
12
|
Protolytic behavior of axially coordinated hydroxy groups of Tin(IV) porphyrins as promising molecular catalysts for water oxidation. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
13
|
Uchida J, Shiragami T. Effect of proton concentration upon two-electron oxidation of water to hydrogen peroxide using GeIV-porphyrin-sensitized photovoltaic cell. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
14
|
Mathew S, Kuttassery F, Remello SN, Thomas A, Yamamoto D, Onuki S, Nabetani Y, Tachibana H, Inoue H. Two-Electron Oxidation of Water Through One-Photon Excitation of Aluminium Porphyrins: Molecular Mechanism and Detection of Key Intermediates. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201700155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siby Mathew
- Center for Artificial Photosynthesis; Tokyo Metropolitan University; 1-1 Minami-Osawa Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
| | - Fazalurahman Kuttassery
- Center for Artificial Photosynthesis; Tokyo Metropolitan University; 1-1 Minami-Osawa Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
| | - Sebastian Nybin Remello
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Cochin University of Science and Technology; Kerala 682022 India
| | - Arun Thomas
- Center for Artificial Photosynthesis; Tokyo Metropolitan University; 1-1 Minami-Osawa Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamamoto
- Center for Artificial Photosynthesis; Tokyo Metropolitan University; 1-1 Minami-Osawa Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
| | - Satomi Onuki
- Center for Artificial Photosynthesis; Tokyo Metropolitan University; 1-1 Minami-Osawa Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
| | - Yu Nabetani
- Department of Applied Chemistry; University of Miyazaki; 1-1, Gakuen-Kibanadai-nishi Miyazaki city Miyazaki 889-2192 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tachibana
- Center for Artificial Photosynthesis; Tokyo Metropolitan University; 1-1 Minami-Osawa Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
| | - Haruo Inoue
- Center for Artificial Photosynthesis; Tokyo Metropolitan University; 1-1 Minami-Osawa Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tatsumi D, Tsukamoto T, Honna R, Hoshino S, Shimada T, Takagi S. Highly Selective Photochemical Epoxidation of Cyclohexene Sensitized by Ru(II) Porphyrin–Clay Hybrid Catalyst. CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.170521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Tatsumi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397
| | - Takamasa Tsukamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS/PD), Ichibancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8471
| | - Ryou Honna
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397
| | - Shota Hoshino
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397
| | - Tetsuya Shimada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397
| | - Shinsuke Takagi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kuttassery F, Mathew S, Sagawa S, Remello SN, Thomas A, Yamamoto D, Onuki S, Nabetani Y, Tachibana H, Inoue H. One Electron-Initiated Two-Electron Oxidation of Water by Aluminum Porphyrins with Earth's Most Abundant Metal. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:1909-1915. [PMID: 28322007 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201700322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We report herein a new molecular catalyst for efficient water splitting, aluminum porphyrins (tetra-methylpyridiniumylporphyrinatealuminum: AlTMPyP), containing earth's most abundant metal as the central ion. One-electron oxidation of the aluminum porphyrin initiates the two-electron oxidation of water to form hydrogen peroxide as the primary reaction product with the lowest known overpotential (97 mV). The aluminum-peroxo complex was detected by a cold-spray ionization mass-spectrometry in high-resolution MS (HRMS) mode and the structure of the intermediate species was further confirmed using laser Raman spectroscopy, indicating the hydroperoxy complex of AlTMPyP to be the key intermediate in the reaction. The two-electron oxidation of water to form hydrogen peroxide was essentially quantitative, with a Faradaic efficiency of 99 %. The catalytic reaction was found to be highly efficient, with a turnover frequency up to ∼2×104 s-1 . A reaction mechanism is proposed involving oxygen-oxygen bond formation by the attack of a hydroxide ion on the oxyl-radical-like axial ligand oxygen atom in the one-electron-oxidized form of AlTMPyP(O- )2 , followed by a second electron transfer to the electrode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fazalurahman Kuttassery
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachiohji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Siby Mathew
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachiohji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Shogo Sagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachiohji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Sebastian Nybin Remello
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachiohji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Arun Thomas
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachiohji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachiohji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Satomi Onuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachiohji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yu Nabetani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachiohji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tachibana
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachiohji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Haruo Inoue
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachiohji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Thomas A, Kuttassery F, Remello SN, Mathew S, Yamamoto D, Onuki S, Nabetani Y, Tachibana H, Inoue H. Facile Synthesis of Water-Soluble Cationic Tin(IV) Porphyrins and Water-Insoluble Tin(IV) Porphyrins in Water at Ambient Temperature. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20160091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
18
|
Remello SN, Kuttassery F, Hirano T, Nabetani Y, Yamamoto D, Onuki S, Tachibana H, Inoue H. Synthesis of water-soluble silicon-porphyrin: protolytic behaviour of axially coordinated hydroxy groups. Dalton Trans 2016; 44:20011-20. [PMID: 26526697 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03654b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new water-soluble silicon(IV)-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (SiTCPP) with silicon(iv), the second most abundant element on Earth, in the center of porphyrin was synthesized. Fundamental properties including protolytic behaviour of axially coordinating hydroxy groups, and electrochemical behaviour were characterized. The properties were compared with those of silicon(IV)-tetra(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)porphyrin (SiTMP) and silicon(IV)-tetra(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)porphyrin (SiTFMPP) and discussed in respect to the electron donating/withdrawing effect of the substituents. Two axially coordinating hydroxy groups of SiTCPP exhibit a four-step protolytic behaviour under the acidic conditions along with a single step protolysis of peripheral carboxyl groups. Though SiTCPP and SiTFMPP did not show any reactivity in the photochemical oxygenation of a substrate with K2PtCl6 as a sacrificial electron acceptor, the first oxidation wave in the electrochemical process of SiTCPP and SiTFMPP showed catalytic behaviour in aqueous acetonitrile solution at any pH condition, in contrast to SiTMP which has only a reversible oxidation wave under neutral and weakly acidic conditions. The criteria for the electrochemical oxidative activation of water and the photooxygenation of the substrate were obtained. The higher oxidation wave of Si-porphyrins than ∼0.86 volt vs. SHE is required for the electrochemical oxidation of water, while suitable protecting groups such as a methyl substituent is a requisite for the photochemical oxygenation with K2PtCl6 as a sacrificial electron acceptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Nybin Remello
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
| | - Fazalurahman Kuttassery
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
| | - Takehiro Hirano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
| | - Yu Nabetani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
| | - Satomi Onuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Tachibana
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
| | - Haruo Inoue
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mathew S, Kuttassery F, Yamamoto D, Onuki S, Nabetani Y, Tachibana H, Inoue H. One-Pot Facile Synthesis of Water-Soluble Cationic Aluminum(III) Porphyrins in a Unique Heterogeneous System at Ambient Temperature. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20150388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siby Mathew
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University
| | - Fazalurahman Kuttassery
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University
| | - Daisuke Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University
| | - Satomi Onuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University
| | - Yu Nabetani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University
| | - Hiroshi Tachibana
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University
| | - Haruo Inoue
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Remello SN, Hirano T, Kuttassery F, Nabetani Y, Yamamoto D, Onuki S, Tachibana H, Inoue H. Visible light induced oxygenation of alkenes with water sensitized by silicon-porphyrins with the second most earth-abundant element. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
21
|
Mathew S, Kuttassery F, Gomi Y, Yamamoto D, Kiyooka R, Onuki S, Nabetani Y, Tachibana H, Inoue H. Photochemical oxygenation of cyclohexene with water sensitized by aluminium(III) porphyrins with visible light. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
22
|
Shiragami T, Nakamura H, Matsumoto J, Yasuda M, Suzuri Y, Tachibana H, Inoue H. Two-electron oxidation of water to form hydrogen peroxide sensitized by di(hydroxo)porphyrin GeIV complex under visible-light irradiation. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
23
|
Shiragami T, Ozawa H, Kajihara K, Matsumoto J, Yasuda M. Visible-light-driven Fuel Cell Constructed by Germanium(IV) Porphyrin/TiO2 Electrode Using Alcohols as an Electron Donor. CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.140963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Shiragami
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki
| | - Hiroki Ozawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki
| | - Kurumi Kajihara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki
| | - Jin Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki
| | - Masahide Yasuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
|