Nitroxide-mediated polymerisation of thioacrylates and their transformation into poly(acrylamide)s

Nitroxide mediated polymers of thioacrylates can be transformed into poly(acrylamide)s.

Why can Dispolreg 007 control the nitroxide mediated polymerization of methacrylates?

The alkoxyamine 3-(((2-cyanopropan-2-yl)oxy)(cyclohexyl)amino)-2,2-dimethyl-3-phenylpropanenitrile (Dispolreg 007) has recently emerged as a robust regulator for the controlled (co)polymerization of methacrylates and styrene by nitroxide mediated polymerization.

Metal Free Reversible-Deactivation Radical Polymerizations: Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities

A considerable amount of the worldwide industrial production of synthetic polymers is currently based on radical polymerization methods. The steadily increasing demand on high performance plastics and tailored polymers which serve specialized applications is driven by the development of new techniques to enable control of polymerization reactions on a molecular level. Contrary to conventional radical polymerization, reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) techniques provide the possibility to prepare polymers with well-defined structures and functionalities. The review provides a comprehensive summary over the development of the three most important RDRP methods, which are nitroxide mediated radical polymerization, atom transfer radical polymerization and reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. The focus thereby is set on the newest developments in transition metal free systems, which allow using these techniques for biological or biomedical applications. After each section selected examples from materials synthesis and application to biomedical materials are summarized.

Computational design of pH-switchable control agents for nitroxide mediated polymerization

In the present work we use accurate quantum chemistry to evaluate several known and novel nitroxides bearing acid–base groups as pH-switchable control agents for room temperature NMP.

Dual-initiator alkoxyamines with an N-tert-butyl-N-(1-diethylphosphono-2,2-dimethylpropyl) nitroxide moiety for preparation of block co-polymers

Novel SG1-based alkoxyamines were used as initiators for preparation of block-copolymers both, by sequential NMP and by graft-polymerization.

High resolution mass spectrometric access to nitroxide containing polymers

We introduce a mass spectrometric access route to nitroxide containing polymers via high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR ESI MS), a polymer class that is – due to the presence of unpaired spins – highly challenging to analyze via NMR techniques.

High solids content nitroxide mediated miniemulsion polymerization of n-butyl methacrylate

The synthesis of poly(n-butyl methacrylate) by nitroxide mediated miniemulsion polymerization is described using the alkoxyamine 3-(((2-cyanopropan-2-yl)oxy)(cyclohexyl)amino)-2,2-dimethyl-3-phenylpropanenitrile.

New Class of Alkoxyamines for Efficient Controlled Homopolymerization of Methacrylates

Despite significant efforts, the design of alkoxyamines for polymerization of methacrylic monomers in a well-controlled fashion with good retention of the active chain ends remains a challenge. Herein, the facile synthesis of several alkoxyamines, which are capable of achieving this long sought-after goal, is reported. Controlled homopolymerization of methyl methacrylate is achieved as determined by a linear increase in molecular weight with conversion and first-order rate plots for various alkoxyamine concentrations. The versatility of the alkoxyamines is further exemplified by the ability to control the homopolymerization of styrene and by synthesis of a block copolymer of a second methacrylate in an efficient chain extension process.

Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization of Methacrylic Esters: Insights and Solutions to a Long-Standing Problem

Nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP) is one of the most powerful reversible deactivation radical polymerization techniques and has incredibly gained in maturity and robustness over the last decades. However, control of methacrylic esters is one of the different aspects of NMP that still requires improvement. This family of monomers always represented an important challenge for NMP, despite the many different nitroxide structures that have been designed over the course of time. This Review aims to present the most successful strategies directed toward the control of the NMP technique of methacrylic esters and especially methyl methacrylate. NMP-derived materials comprising uncontrolled methacrylate segments will also be discussed.

Synthesis of conductive polyaniline-modified polymers via a combination of nitroxide-mediated polymerization and “click chemistry”

A new strategy for graft copolymerization of aniline onto polystyrene by a multi step process is suggested.