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Guillén M, Liu S, Díaz-Oviedo CD, Klussmann M, List B. Acid-Catalyzed Oxy-aminomethylation of Styrenes. ACS Catal 2024; 14:751-756. [PMID: 38269040 PMCID: PMC10804369 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c05342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
We report a strong Brønsted acid-catalyzed three-component oxy-aminomethylation of styrenes with sym-trioxane and sulfonamides or carbamates. This transformation provides a variety of 1,3-oxazinanes in moderate to good yields under mild reaction conditions. The obtained heterocycles can be readily transformed into the corresponding 1,3-amino alcohols, which are useful building blocks for the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant molecules. Mechanistic studies suggest the intermediacy of an in situ formed 1,3,5-dioxazinane and a subsequent reaction with the olefin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - C. David Díaz-Oviedo
- Max-Planck-Institut für
Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Martin Klussmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für
Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Benjamin List
- Max-Planck-Institut für
Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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2
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Wessels A, Klussmann M, Breugst M, Schlörer NE, Berkessel A. Inside Back Cover: Formation of Breslow Intermediates from N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes and Aldehydes Involves Autocatalysis by the Breslow Intermediate, and a Hemiacetal (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 23/2022). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Wessels
- Department of Chemistry Organic Chemistry University of Cologne Greinstraße 4 50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Martin Klussmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Borchers GmbH Berghausener Straße 100 40764 Langenfeld Germany
| | - Martin Breugst
- Department of Chemistry Organic Chemistry University of Cologne Greinstraße 4 50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Nils E. Schlörer
- Department of Chemistry Organic Chemistry University of Cologne Greinstraße 4 50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Albrecht Berkessel
- Department of Chemistry Organic Chemistry University of Cologne Greinstraße 4 50939 Cologne Germany
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3
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Wessels A, Klussmann M, Breugst M, Schlörer NE, Berkessel A. Formation of Breslow Intermediates from N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes and Aldehydes Involves Autocatalysis by the Breslow Intermediate, and a Hemiacetal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117682. [PMID: 35238462 PMCID: PMC9325009 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Under aprotic conditions, the stoichiometric reaction of N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) such as imidazolidin‐2‐ylidenes with aldehydes affords Breslow Intermediates (BIs), involving a formal 1,2‐C‐to‐O proton shift. We herein report kinetic studies (NMR), complemented by DFT calculations, on the mechanism of this kinetically disfavored H‐translocation. Variable time normalization analysis (VTNA) revealed that the kinetic orders of the reactants vary for different NHC‐to‐aldehyde ratios, indicating different and ratio‐dependent mechanistic regimes. We propose that for high NHC‐to‐aldehyde ratios, the H‐shift takes place in the primary, zwitterionic NHC‐aldehyde adduct. With excess aldehyde, the zwitterion is in equilibrium with a hemiacetal, in which the H‐shift occurs. In both regimes, the critical H‐shift is auto‐catalyzed by the BI. Kinetic isotope effects observed for R‐CDO are in line with our proposal. Furthermore, we detected an H‐bonded complex of the BI with excess NHC (NMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Wessels
- Department of Chemistry Organic Chemistry University of Cologne Greinstraße 4 50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Martin Klussmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Borchers GmbH Berghausener Straße 100 40764 Langenfeld Germany
| | - Martin Breugst
- Department of Chemistry Organic Chemistry University of Cologne Greinstraße 4 50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Nils E. Schlörer
- Department of Chemistry Organic Chemistry University of Cologne Greinstraße 4 50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Albrecht Berkessel
- Department of Chemistry Organic Chemistry University of Cologne Greinstraße 4 50939 Cologne Germany
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4
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Wessels A, Klussmann M, Breugst M, Schlörer NE, Berkessel A. Die Bildung von Breslow‐Intermediaten aus N‐heterocyclischen Carbenen und Aldehyden verläuft autokatalytisch und mit einem Halbacetal als Intermediat. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Wessels
- Department für Chemie Organische Chemie Universität zu Köln Greinstraße 4 50939 Köln Deutschland
| | - Martin Klussmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
- Borchers GmbH Berghausener Straße 100 40764 Langenfeld Deutschland
| | - Martin Breugst
- Department für Chemie Organische Chemie Universität zu Köln Greinstraße 4 50939 Köln Deutschland
| | - Nils E. Schlörer
- Department für Chemie Organische Chemie Universität zu Köln Greinstraße 4 50939 Köln Deutschland
| | - Albrecht Berkessel
- Department für Chemie Organische Chemie Universität zu Köln Greinstraße 4 50939 Köln Deutschland
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5
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Wessels A, Klussmann M, Breugst M, Schlörer NE, Berkessel A. Innenrücktitelbild: Die Bildung von Breslow‐Intermediaten aus N‐heterocyclischen Carbenen und Aldehyden verläuft autokatalytisch und mit einem Halbacetal als Intermediat (Angew. Chem. 23/2022). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Wessels
- Department für Chemie Organische Chemie Universität zu Köln Greinstraße 4 50939 Köln Deutschland
| | - Martin Klussmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
- Borchers GmbH Berghausener Straße 100 40764 Langenfeld Deutschland
| | - Martin Breugst
- Department für Chemie Organische Chemie Universität zu Köln Greinstraße 4 50939 Köln Deutschland
| | - Nils E. Schlörer
- Department für Chemie Organische Chemie Universität zu Köln Greinstraße 4 50939 Köln Deutschland
| | - Albrecht Berkessel
- Department für Chemie Organische Chemie Universität zu Köln Greinstraße 4 50939 Köln Deutschland
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6
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Liu S, Klussmann M. Organo-redox-catalysis for the difunctionalization of alkenes and oxidative Ritter reactions by C–H functionalization. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00259g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Roll over transition metals-triarylamines are redox-catalysts, enabling olefin difunctionalization and C–H functionalization reactions by activating benzoyl peroxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sensheng Liu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung
- 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr
- Germany
| | - Martin Klussmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung
- 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr
- Germany
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7
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Zhang Z, Klussmann M, List B. Kinetic Study of Disulfonimide-Catalyzed Cyanosilylation of Aldehydes by Using a Method of Progress Rates. Synlett 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1706476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Abstract
Kinetic study of organic reactions, especially multistep catalytic reactions, is crucial to in-depth understanding of reaction mechanisms. Here we report our kinetic study on the chiral disulfonimide-catalyzed cyanosilylation of an aldehyde, which revealed that two molecules of TMSCN are involved in the rate-determining C–C bond-forming step. In addition, the apparent activation energy, enthalpy of activation, and entropy of activation were deduced through a study of the temperature dependence of the reaction rates. More importantly, a novel and efficient method that makes use of the progress rates was developed to treat kinetic data obtained by continuous monitoring of the progress of a reaction by in situ FTIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science & Technology
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung
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9
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Abstract
![]()
The
consecutive addition of acyl radicals and N-alkylindole
nucleophiles to styrenes was established, as well as
some additional radical–nucleophile combinations. Both aryl
and aliphatic aldehydes give reasonable yields. The reaction proceeds
best for α-substituted styrenes, effectively creating a quaternary
all-carbon center. Some iridium-based photoredox systems are catalytically
active; furthermore, a base is needed in this transformation. Radicals
are formed by reductive perester cleavage and hydrogen atom transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Lux
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Martin Klussmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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10
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Liu S, Klussmann M. Acid promoted radical-chain difunctionalization of styrenes with stabilized radicals and (N,O)-nucleophiles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:1557-1560. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09369a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A radical chain difunctionalization of styrenes does not require a catalyst, but activation of benzoyl peroxide by a strong acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sensheng Liu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung
- 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr
- Germany
| | - Martin Klussmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung
- 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr
- Germany
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11
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Runikhina SA, Afanasyev OI, Biriukov K, Perekalin DS, Klussmann M, Chusov D. Aldehydes as Alkylating Agents for Ketones. Chemistry 2019; 25:16225-16229. [PMID: 31603584 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Common and non-toxic aldehydes are proposed as reagents for alkylation of ketones instead of carcinogenic alkyl halides. The developed reductive alkylation reaction proceeds in the presence of the commercially available ruthenium catalyst [(cymene)RuCl2 ]2 (as low as 250 ppm) and carbon monoxide as the reducing agent. The reaction works well for a broad substrate scope, including aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes and ketones. It can be carried out without a solvent and often gives nearly quantitative yields of the products. This straightforward and cost-effective method is promising not only for laboratory application but also for industry, which produces carbon monoxide as a large-scale waste product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiya A Runikhina
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 28, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg I Afanasyev
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 28, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Klim Biriukov
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 28, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry S Perekalin
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 28, 119991, Moscow, Russia.,G.V. Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyanny Per., 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Martin Klussmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Denis Chusov
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 28, 119991, Moscow, Russia.,G.V. Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyanny Per., 117997, Moscow, Russia
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12
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Boess E, Van Hoof M, Birdsall SL, Klussmann M. Investigating the Oxidation Step in the CuCl2-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Coupling Reaction of N-Aryl Tetrahydroisoquinolines. J Org Chem 2019; 85:1972-1980. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Boess
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Max Van Hoof
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Sarah Luna Birdsall
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Martin Klussmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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13
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Verschueren RH, Schmauck J, Perryman MS, Yue H, Riegger J, Schweitzer‐Chaput B, Breugst M, Klussmann M. Philicity of Acetonyl and Benzoyl Radicals: A Comparative Experimental and Computational Study. Chemistry 2019; 25:9088-9097. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rik H. Verschueren
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Julie Schmauck
- Department für ChemieUniversität zu Köln Greinstraße 4 50939 Köln Germany
| | - Michael S. Perryman
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Hui‐Lan Yue
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Julian Riegger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Department für ChemieUniversität zu Köln Greinstraße 4 50939 Köln Germany
| | | | - Martin Breugst
- Department für ChemieUniversität zu Köln Greinstraße 4 50939 Köln Germany
| | - Martin Klussmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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14
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Shao W, Lux M, Breugst M, Klussmann M. Radical addition of ketones and cyanide to olefinsviaacid catalyzed formation of intermediate alkenyl peroxides. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00447e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
γ-Cyanoketones are formed by double radical addition from olefins, ketones and sulfonyl cyanidesviareactive alkenyl peroxide intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shao
- Max Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung
- 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr
- Germany
| | - Marcel Lux
- Max Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung
- 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr
- Germany
| | - Martin Breugst
- Universität zu Köln
- Department für Chemie
- 50939 Köln
- Germany
| | - Martin Klussmann
- Max Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung
- 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr
- Germany
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Székely
- Max Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 2 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Martin Klussmann
- Max Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 2 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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16
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Klussmann M. Frontispiece: Alkenyl and Aryl Peroxides. Chemistry 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201881862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Klussmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Klussmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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18
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Schweitzer-Chaput B, Kurtén T, Klussmann M. Corrigendum: Acid-Mediated Formation of Radicals or Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation from Criegee Adducts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:7024. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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19
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Schweitzer-Chaput B, Kurtén T, Klussmann M. Berichtigung: Säurevermittelte Bildung von Radikalen oder Baeyer-Villiger-Oxidation, ausgehend von Criegee-Addukten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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20
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seyma Bozkus
- Universität zu Köln, Department für Chemie, Greinstraße 4, 50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Martin Klussmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Martin Breugst
- Universität zu Köln, Department für Chemie, Greinstraße 4, 50939 Köln, Germany
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21
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Schweitzer-Chaput B, Boess E, Klussmann M. Acid-Catalyzed Activation of Peroxyketals: Tunable Radical Initiation at Ambient Temperature and Below. Org Lett 2016; 18:4944-4947. [PMID: 27649289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study details how peroxyketals, commercially available thermal initiators, and structurally related peroxides are activated in the presence of an acid catalyst to generate radicals at room temperature and below. This simple combination of two substrates was shown to efficiently initiate a variety of radical processes. This phenomenon is rationalized by the acid-catalyzed in situ formation of highly unstable alkenyl peroxides which readily decompose into initiating radical species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esther Boess
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung , Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Martin Klussmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung , Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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22
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Zhang Z, Bae HY, Guin J, Rabalakos C, van Gemmeren M, Leutzsch M, Klussmann M, List B. Asymmetric counteranion-directed Lewis acid organocatalysis for the scalable cyanosilylation of aldehydes. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12478. [PMID: 27530470 PMCID: PMC4992067 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the high versatility of chiral cyanohydrins, the catalytic asymmetric cyanation reaction of carbonyl compounds has attracted widespread interest. However, efficient protocols that function at a preparative scale with low catalyst loading are still rare. Here, asymmetric counteranion-directed Lewis acid organocatalysis proves to be remarkably successful in addressing this problem and enabled a molar-scale cyanosilylation in quantitative yield and with excellent enantioselectivity. Also, the catalyst loading could be lowered to a part-per-million level (50 ppm: 0.005 mol%). A readily accessible chiral disulfonimide was used, which in combination with trimethylsilyl cyanide, turned into the active silylium Lewis acid organocatalyst. The nature of a peculiar phenomenon referred to as a "dormant period", which is mainly induced by water, was systematically investigated by means of in situ Fourier transform infrared analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Zhang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Han Yong Bae
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Joyram Guin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Constantinos Rabalakos
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Manuel van Gemmeren
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Markus Leutzsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Martin Klussmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Benjamin List
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
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23
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24
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Vandenbergh J, Schweitzer-Chaput B, Klussmann M, Junkers T. Acid-Induced Room Temperature RAFT Polymerization: Synthesis and Mechanistic Insights. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joke Vandenbergh
- Polymer Reaction Design Group, Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Campus Diepenbeek, Building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | - Martin Klussmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Tanja Junkers
- Polymer Reaction Design Group, Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Campus Diepenbeek, Building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- IMEC Division IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
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25
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Boess E, Wolf LM, Malakar S, Salamone M, Bietti M, Thiel W, Klussmann M. Competitive Hydrogen Atom Transfer to Oxyl- and Peroxyl Radicals in the Cu-Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of N-Aryl Tetrahydroisoquinolines Using tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Boess
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Larry M. Wolf
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Santanu Malakar
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Michela Salamone
- Dipartimento di
Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche Università “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Bietti
- Dipartimento di
Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche Università “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Walter Thiel
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Martin Klussmann
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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Klussmann M, Schweitzer-Chaput B. Interplay of Method Development and Mechanistic Studies – From Aerobic Oxidative Coupling to Radical Reactions via Alkenyl Peroxides. Synlett 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1560706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Klussmann M, Boess E, Karanestora S, Bosnidou AE, Schweitzer-Chaput B, Hasenbeck M. Synthesis of Oxindoles by Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Radical Cascade Addition of Ketones. Synlett 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1381052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Gulzar N, Jones KM, Konnerth H, Breugst M, Klussmann M. Experimental and Computational Studies on the CH Amination Mechanism of Tetrahydrocarbazoles via Hydroperoxides. Chemistry 2015; 21:3367-76. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naeem Gulzar
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser‐Wilhelm‐Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr (Germany)
| | - Kevin Mark Jones
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser‐Wilhelm‐Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr (Germany)
| | - Hannelore Konnerth
- Universität zu Köln, Department für Chemie, Greinstraße 4, 50939 Köln (Germany)
| | - Martin Breugst
- Universität zu Köln, Department für Chemie, Greinstraße 4, 50939 Köln (Germany)
| | - Martin Klussmann
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser‐Wilhelm‐Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr (Germany)
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Scott M, Sud A, Boess E, Klussmann M. Reaction progress kinetic analysis of a copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidative coupling reaction with N-phenyl tetrahydroisoquinoline. J Org Chem 2014; 79:12033-40. [PMID: 25203932 DOI: 10.1021/jo5018876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The results from a kinetic investigation of a Cu-catalyzed oxidative coupling reaction between N-phenyl tetrahydroisoquinoline and a silyl enol ether using elemental oxygen as oxidant are presented. By using reaction progress kinetic analysis as an evaluation method for the obtained data, we discovered information regarding the reaction order of the substrates and catalysts. Based on this information and some additional experiments, a refined model for the initial oxidative activation of the amine substrate and the activation of the nucleophile by the catalyst was developed. The mechanistic information also helped to understand why silyl nucleophiles have previously failed in a related Cu-catalyzed reaction using tert-butyl hydroperoxide as oxidant and how to overcome this limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Scott
- Max-Planck-Institut fuer Kohlenforschung , Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Muelheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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Gulzar N, Klussmann M. Synthesis of antiviral tetrahydrocarbazole derivatives by photochemical and acid-catalyzed C-H functionalization via intermediate peroxides (CHIPS). J Vis Exp 2014:e51504. [PMID: 24998636 DOI: 10.3791/51504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The direct functionalization of C-H bonds is an important and long standing goal in organic chemistry. Such transformations can be very powerful in order to streamline synthesis by saving steps, time and material compared to conventional methods that require the introduction and removal of activating or directing groups. Therefore, the functionalization of C-H bonds is also attractive for green chemistry. Under oxidative conditions, two C-H bonds or one C-H and one heteroatom-H bond can be transformed to C-C and C-heteroatom bonds, respectively. Often these oxidative coupling reactions require synthetic oxidants, expensive catalysts or high temperatures. Here, we describe a two-step procedure to functionalize indole derivatives, more specifically tetrahydrocarbazoles, by C-H amination using only elemental oxygen as oxidant. The reaction uses the principle of C-H functionalization via Intermediate PeroxideS (CHIPS). In the first step, a hydroperoxide is generated oxidatively using visible light, a photosensitizer and elemental oxygen. In the second step, the N-nucleophile, an aniline, is introduced by Brønsted-acid catalyzed activation of the hydroperoxide leaving group. The products of the first and second step often precipitate and can be conveniently filtered off. The synthesis of a biologically active compound is shown.
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Gulzar N, Schweitzer-Chaput B, Klussmann M. Oxidative coupling reactions for the functionalisation of C–H bonds using oxygen. Catal Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cy00544a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Schweitzer-Chaput B, Demaerel J, Engler H, Klussmann M. Säurekatalysierte oxidative Radikaladdition von Ketonen an Olefine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201401062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Schweitzer-Chaput B, Demaerel J, Engler H, Klussmann M. Acid-Catalyzed Oxidative Radical Addition of Ketones to Olefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:8737-40. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201401062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Schweitzer-Chaput B, Sud A, Pintér Á, Dehn S, Schulze P, Klussmann M. Synergistic Effect of Ketone and Hydroperoxide in Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:13228-32. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201306752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Schweitzer-Chaput B, Sud A, Pintér Á, Dehn S, Schulze P, Klussmann M. Synergistischer Effekt von Keton und Hydroperoxid in Brønsted-Säure-katalysierten oxidativen Kupplungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201306752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Gulzar N, Klussmann M. Aerobic C–H amination of tetrahydrocarbazole derivatives via photochemically generated hydroperoxides. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:4516-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40919h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Schweitzer-Chaput B, Klussmann M. Brønsted Acid Catalyzed C-H Functionalization ofN-Protected Tetrahydroisoquinolines via Intermediate Peroxides. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Boess E, Schmitz C, Klussmann M. A Comparative Mechanistic Study of Cu-Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling Reactions with N-Phenyltetrahydroisoquinoline. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:5317-25. [DOI: 10.1021/ja211697s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Boess
- Max-Planck-Institut fuer Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz
1, 45470 Muelheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Corinna Schmitz
- Max-Planck-Institut fuer Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz
1, 45470 Muelheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Martin Klussmann
- Max-Planck-Institut fuer Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz
1, 45470 Muelheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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Pintér Á, Klussmann M. Sulfonic Acid-Catalyzed Autoxidative Carbon-Carbon Coupling Reaction under Elevated Partial Pressure of Oxygen. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Jones KM, Karier P, Klussmann M. C1-Substituted N-Alkyl Tetrahydroisoquinoline Derivatives through V-Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling. ChemCatChem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201100324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Boess E, Sureshkumar D, Sud A, Wirtz C, Farès C, Klussmann M. Mechanistic Studies on a Cu-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Coupling Reaction with N-Phenyl Tetrahydroisoquinoline: Structure of Intermediates and the Role of Methanol As a Solvent. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:8106-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja201610c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Boess
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Devarajulu Sureshkumar
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Abhishek Sud
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Cornelia Wirtz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Christophe Farès
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Martin Klussmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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Abstract
A direct synthesis of substituted xanthenes from salicylaldehydes and cyclohexenones or tetralones has been developed. The reaction is catalysed by Lewis acids like scandium triflate and furnishes substituted xanthenes in good to excellent yields using either microwave or thermal heating. Microwave heating results in significantly shortened reaction times of 30 min and generally higher yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Böss
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Klussmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Donna G. Blackmond
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemical Technology, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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Klussmann M, Sureshkumar D. Catalytic Oxidative Coupling Reactions for the Formation of Carbon-Carbon Bonds without Carbon-Metal Intermediates. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1258303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron Pintér
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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Pintér Á, Sud A, Sureshkumar D, Klussmann M. Autoxidative Bildung von Kohlenstoff-Kohlenstoff-Bindungen aus Kohlenstoff-Wasserstoff-Bindungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201000711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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