1
|
Fadali OA, Ali RH, Nassar MM, Mahmoud MS, Abdel-Aty MM, Barakat NAM. Electromagnetic field-enhanced novel tubular electrocoagulation cell for effective and low-cost color removal of beet sugar industry wastewater. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8693. [PMID: 37248303 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35182-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of real beet sugar mill effluent by a modified electrocoagulation process is proposed. An innovative design of an electromagnetic field-enhanced electrochemical cell consisting of a tubular screen roll anode and two cathodes (an inner and outer cathode) has been used. Different parameters have been investigated including current density, effluent concentration, NaCl concentration, rpm, number of screen layers per anode, and the effect of addition and direction of an electromagnetic field. The results showed that, under the optimum conditions, current density of 3.13 A/m2, two screens per anode, NaCl concentration of 12 g/l, and rotation speed of 120 rpm, the percentage of color removal was 85.5% and the electrical energy consumption was 3.595 kWh/m3. However, the presence of an electromagnetic field distinctly enhanced the energy consumption and the color removal percentage. Numerically, applying the magnetic field resulted in performing a color removal efficiency of 97.7% using a power consumption of 2.569 KWh/m3 which is considered a distinct achievement in industrial wastewater treatment process. The strong enhancement in color removal using a low power consumption significantly reduced the required treatment cost; the estimated treatment cost was 0.00017 $/h.m2. This design has proven to be a promising one for the continuous treatment of beet sugar industrial effluents and to be a competitor to the currently available techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olfat A Fadali
- Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, Minia University, El-Minia, 61516, Egypt
| | - Rasha H Ali
- Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, Minia University, El-Minia, 61516, Egypt
| | - Mamdouh M Nassar
- Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, Minia University, El-Minia, 61516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Mahmoud
- Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, Minia University, El-Minia, 61516, Egypt
- Department of Engineering, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, 311, Suhar, Oman
| | - Marwa M Abdel-Aty
- Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, Minia University, El-Minia, 61516, Egypt
| | - Nasser A M Barakat
- Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, Minia University, El-Minia, 61516, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sharma P, Joshi H, Srivastava VC, Singh S, Lo SL. Treatment of biologically treated distillery spent wash employing electrocoagulation and reverse-osmosis treatment train. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 43:4257-4268. [PMID: 34152251 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1946596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, electro-coagulation (EC) with stainless steel (SS) electrodes has been used as a pretreatment process before the reverse osmosis (RO) for the biologically treated distillery spent wash. The optimized operating parameters (pH, time, current, and electrode distance) for the EC process were obtained from the previous study. EC treated wastewater was further used as a feed for the RO system. RO membrane system operating parameters (pH, temperature, and trans-membrane pressure) were optimized by employing response surface methodology. Optimized conditions for the RO process were found to be: pH (pHo): 6.12; temperature (T): 20°C and trans-membrane pressure (TMP): 45.7 bar. The combined (EC-RO) process showed 98%, 99.2%, and 98.5% of COD, color, and TDS removal, respectively, with permeate flux of 40.5 L/m2/h (EC-RO). Experimental results indicated that EC followed by RO could be used as an additional step for biologically treated spent wash treatment to improve the treated effluent quality and membrane life. Results also revealed that the techno-economic performance of combined (EC-RO) treatment in terms of total annual water production is more efficient and economical than RO alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pinki Sharma
- Department of Hydrology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Himanshu Joshi
- Department of Hydrology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | | | - Seema Singh
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shang-Lien Lo
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Water Innovation, Low Carbon and Environmental Sustainability Research Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Singla J, Thakur I, Sangal V, Verma A. Dimensionally stable anode (Doped-MMO) mediated electro-oxidation and multi-response optimization study for remediation of urea wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 285:131498. [PMID: 34252807 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the potential application of novel doped-MMO (Ti/IrO2/Ta2O5/SnO2-Sb2O4) anodes as an alternative source to costly electrodes have been visualized for the EO treatment of urea. Parametric optimization for the treatment of urea through the EO process by doped-MMO has been done successfully. The high R2 values of both responses i.e. % Degradation and energy consumption for quadratic suggested by BBD under RSM advocates a good correlation between predicted and experimental data. The maximum % Degradation and energy consumption at optimized were found to be 91.2%, 51.53 kWh m-3 for urea respectively. Additionally, efforts were made to minimize treatment time further by implementing a dual effect, namely photo-electrocatalysis. The anode was found to be relatively stable even after 120 runs. The analysis of treated urea solution was verified in terms of total organic carbon (TOC) 90.0% reduction. The average operating cost of the electro-oxidation treatment process is determined to be 1.91 $ m-3. The results of this study demonstrate the potential of doped-MMO as a promising concept for the treatment of wastewater that can be successfully applied in real life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayishnu Singla
- School of Energy and Environment, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India
| | - Ina Thakur
- School of Energy and Environment, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India
| | - Vikas Sangal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anoop Verma
- School of Energy and Environment, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Patidar R, Srivastava VC. Evaluation of the sono-assisted photolysis method for the mineralization of toxic pollutants. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
|
5
|
Urbano BF, Bustamante S, Palacio DA, Vera M, Rivas BL. Polymer supports for the removal and degradation of hazardous organic pollutants: an overview. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno F Urbano
- Departamento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad de Concepción Concepción Chile
| | - Saúl Bustamante
- Departamento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad de Concepción Concepción Chile
| | - Daniel A Palacio
- Departamento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad de Concepción Concepción Chile
| | - Myleidi Vera
- Departamento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad de Concepción Concepción Chile
| | - Bernabé L Rivas
- Departamento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad de Concepción Concepción Chile
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ansari A, Nematollahi D. A comprehensive study on the electrocatalytic degradation, electrochemical behavior and degradation mechanism of malachite green using electrodeposited nanostructured β-PbO 2 electrodes. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 144:462-473. [PMID: 30075442 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This work has investigated the electrocatalytic degradation of malachite green (MG) in aqueous solution with G/β-PbO2, SS316/β-PbO2, Ti/β-PbO2 and Pb/β-PbO2 electrodes. These electrodes show high oxygen evolution over-potential and excellent electrochemical degradation efficiency for organic pollutants. The optimum conditions for the degradation of MG were obtained by studying the effects of different parameters, such as initial current densities and initial MG concentration. The remaining organic compounds concentrations (color) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency were investigated and compared. The results indicate that the efficiency of G/β-PbO2 electrode for both color and COD removals is more than those of other electrodes. At the optimum conditions, the color and COD removal efficiencies of MG reached up to 100% and 94%, respectively. The observed degradation rate of MG was found to vary in the order G/β-PbO2> SS316/β-PbO2> Ti/β-PbO2> Pb/β-PbO2. Moreover, in this paper, the electrochemical behavior and adsorption characteristic of MG in aqueous solutions with different pH values were studied in details at glassy carbon electrode using both constant-current coulometry and cyclic voltammetry techniques. This study has led to the proposed mechanism for the oxidation pathway of MG and determine the absorption properties of MG in acidic, neutral and basic solutions. We also proposed the mineralization pathway of MG at β-PbO2 electrode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ansari
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, 65178-38683, Iran
| | - Davood Nematollahi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, 65178-38683, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Guo DM, An QD, Li R, Xiao ZY, Zhai SR. Ultrahigh selective and efficient removal of anionic dyes by recyclable polyethylenimine-modified cellulose aerogels in batch and fixed-bed systems. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.06.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
8
|
Saini G, Pant S, Singh SO, Kazmi AA, Alam T. A comparative study of occurrence and fate of endocrine disruptors: diethyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate in ASP- and SBR-based wastewater treatment plants. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:609. [PMID: 27718090 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5617-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are endocrine-disrupting chemicals which affect endocrine system by bio-accumulation in aquatic organisms and produce adverse health effects in aquatic organisms as well as human beings, when come in contact. Present study focuses on occurrence and removal of two phthalates: diethylphthalate (DEP) and dibutylphthalate (DBP) in two full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) i.e. sewage treatment plants (STPs) based on well-adopted technologies, activated sludge process (ASP) and sequencing batch reactor (SBR).Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was performed for both wastewater and sludge sample for determination and identification of the concentration of these compounds in both STPs by monitoring the STPs for 9 months. It was observed that the concentration of DEP was less than DBP in the influent of ASP and SBR. Average concentrations of DEP and DBP in sludge sample of ASP were found to be 2.15 and 2.08 ng/g, whereas in SBR plant, these values were observed as 1.71 and 2.01 ng/g, respectively. Concerning the removal efficiency of DEP, SBR and ASP plants were found effective with removal efficiency of 91.51 and 91.03 %, respectively. However, in the case of DBP, SBR showed lower removal efficiency (85.42 %) as compared to ASP (92.67 %). Comparative study of both plants proposed that in ASP plant, DBP reduction was higher than the SBR. Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) analysis also confirmed the same result of sludge analysis for both STPs. Sludge disposal studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques confirmed that sludge of both STPs have high calorific value and can be used as fuel to make fuel-briquettes and bottom ash to make firebricks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gita Saini
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, 247667, India.
| | - Shalini Pant
- S. D. Degree College, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 246174, India
| | - Shri Om Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - A A Kazmi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Tanveer Alam
- D. A. V. P. G. College, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 246174, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Singh S, Singh S, Lo SL, Kumar N. Electrochemical treatment of Ayurveda pharmaceuticals wastewater: Optimization and characterization of sludge residue. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2016.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
10
|
Chen B, Liu Y, Chen S, Zhao X, Meng X, Pan X. Magnetically recoverable cross-linked polyethylenimine as a novel adsorbent for removal of anionic dyes with different structures from aqueous solution. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
11
|
Singh S, Srivastava VC, Mandal TK, Mall ID, Lo SL. Synthesis and application of green mixed-metal oxide nano-composite materials from solid waste for dye degradation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 181:146-156. [PMID: 27341375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Present study demonstrates reutilization of electrochemical (EC) sludge as a potential low-cost green catalyst for dye degradation. Hexagonal Fe2O3 type phase with trevorite (NiFe2O4)-type cubic phase nanocomposite material (NCM) was synthesized from solid waste sludge generated during EC treatment of textile industry wastewater with stainless steel electrode. For NCM synthesis, sludge was heated at different temperatures under controlled condition. Various synthesized NCMs were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The synthesized NCMs were found to contain iron, chromium, nickel and oxygen in the form of α-Fe2O3 (metal: oxygen = 40:60), (Fe,Cr,Ni)2O3 and trevorite NiFe2O4, (Ni,Fe,Cr) (Fe,Cr,Ni)2O4 (metal: oxygen = 43:57). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), pore size distribution, and atomic force microscope (AFM) analysis showed distribution of grains of different shapes and sizes. Catalytic activity of NCM was studied by the methylene red dye degradation by using the catalytic wet peroxidation process. Zeta potential study was performed under different pH so as to determine the performance of the NCMs during dye degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seema Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India; Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71, Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Vimal Chandra Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Tapas Kumar Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Indra Deo Mall
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shang Lien Lo
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71, Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mahesh S, Garg KK, Srivastava VC, Mishra IM, Prasad B, Mall ID. Continuous electrocoagulation treatment of pulp and paper mill wastewater: operating cost and sludge study. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra27486a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Schematic view of continuous electrocoagulation set up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Mahesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee-247667
- India
- Department of Environmental Engineering
| | - Krishan Kishor Garg
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee-247667
- India
| | | | - Indra Mani Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee-247667
- India
- Department of Chemical Engineering
| | - Basheshwar Prasad
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee-247667
- India
| | - Indra Deo Mall
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee-247667
- India
- Department of Chemical Engineering
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Saini G, Pant S, Alam T, Kazmi AA. Occurrence and fate of endocrine disrupting chemicals in ASP based sewage treatment plant in Hardwar. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 74:1039-1050. [PMID: 27642823 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of emerging contaminants such as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in our water resources is of prime concern. With this context, fate and seasonal variation of six EDCs (testosterone, T; progesterone, P; diethyl phthalate, DEP; dibutyl phthalate, DBP; propyl-paraben, PP and butyl-paraben, BP) were assessed throughout the year, i.e. in rainy, winter, spring and summer seasons in the raw, treated wastewater and activated sludge in an activated sludge process (ASP) based sewage treatment plant (STP) located in Haridwar, India. Qualitative and quantitative measurements were performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Results indicate that in summer, the examined STP could effectively remove 82.9% of T, 86.4% of P, 95.5% of DEP, 92.4% of DBP, 91.5% of PP, and 89.9% of BP from the wastewater. Among the EDCs considered, higher removal efficiencies were achieved for phthalates in the summer season. GC-MS analysis showed that a small fraction of EDCs was sorbed on the solid fraction of activated sludge. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy analysis were also performed to investigate the occurrence of EDCs in biomass samples. Results of this study also demonstrated that removal efficiency, assessed in terms of physicochemical and microbiological parameters, was maximum in summer and reached minimum in rainy season.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gita Saini
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India E-mail:
| | - Shalini Pant
- S. S. D. P. C. Girls P. G. College, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 246174, India
| | - Tanveer Alam
- K. L. D. A. V. P. G. College, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 246174, India
| | - A A Kazmi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jagati VS, Srivastava VC, Prasad B. Multi-Response Optimization of Parameters for the Electrocoagulation Treatment of Electroplating Wash-Water using Aluminum Electrodes. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2014.954672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
15
|
Hoseinzadeh E, Rezaee A. Electrochemical degradation of RB19 dye using low-frequency alternating current: effect of a square wave. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra19686h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study mainly aims to investigate the effects of alternating current (AC) on Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RB19) dye removal from aqueous solutions by an electrochemical (EC) process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edris Hoseinzadeh
- Environmental and Occupational Health Dept
- Faculty of Medical Sciences
- Tarbiat Modares University
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Abbas Rezaee
- Environmental and Occupational Health Dept
- Faculty of Medical Sciences
- Tarbiat Modares University
- Tehran
- Iran
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Singh S, Srivastava VC, Mall ID. Electrochemical Treatment of Dye Bearing Effluent with Different Anode–Cathode Combinations: Mechanistic Study and Sludge Analysis. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie4042005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seema Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vimal Chandra Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Indra Deo Mall
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Singh S, Srivastava VC, Mandal TK, Mall ID. Synthesis of different crystallographic Al2O3 nanomaterials from solid waste for application in dye degradation. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08842e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recycling of sludge generated during electrochemical treatment to synthesize alumina nanomaterials with different crystallographic orientations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seema Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee-247667, India
| | | | - Tapas Kumar Mandal
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee-247667, India
| | - Indra Deo Mall
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee-247667, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bhatnagar R, Joshi H, Mall ID, Srivastava VC. Electrochemical oxidation of textile industry wastewater by graphite electrodes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2014; 49:955-966. [PMID: 24766597 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2014.894320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present article, studies have been performed on the electrochemical (EC) oxidation of actual textile industry wastewater by graphite electrodes. Multi-response optimization of four independent parameters namely initial pH (pHo): 4-10, current density (j): 27.78-138.89 A/m(2), NaCl concentration (w): 0-2 g/L and electrolysis time (t): 10-130 min have been performed using Box-Behnken (BB) experimental design. It was aimed to simultaneously maximize the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color removal efficiencies and minimize specific energy consumption using desirability function approach. Pareto analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a high coefficient of determination value for COD (R(2) = 0.8418), color (R(2) = 0.7010) and specific energy (R(2) = 0.9125) between the experimental values and the predicted values by a second-order regression model. Maximum COD and color removal and minimum specific energy consumed was 90.78%, 96.27% and 23.58 kWh/kg COD removed, respectively, were observed at optimum conditions. The wastewater, sludge and scum obtained after treatment at optimum condition have been characterized by various techniques. UV-visible study showed that all azo bonds of the dyes present in the wastewater were totally broken and most of the aromatic rings were mineralized during EC oxidation with graphite electrode. Carbon balance showed that out of the total carbon eroded from the graphite electrodes, 27-29.2% goes to the scum, 71.1-73.3% goes into the sludge and rest goes to the treated wastewater. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the generated sludge and scum can be dried and used as a fuel in the boilers/incinerators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Bhatnagar
- a Department of Hydrology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee , Uttarakhand , India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|