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Klokic S, Naumenko D, Marmiroli B, Carraro F, Linares-Moreau M, Zilio SD, Birarda G, Kargl R, Falcaro P, Amenitsch H. Unraveling the timescale of the structural photo-response within oriented metal-organic framework films. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11869-11877. [PMID: 36320901 PMCID: PMC9580475 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02405e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fundamental knowledge on the intrinsic timescale of structural transformations in photo-switchable metal-organic framework films is crucial to tune their switching performance and to facilitate their applicability as stimuli-responsive materials. In this work, for the first time, an integrated approach to study and quantify the temporal evolution of structural transformations is demonstrated on an epitaxially oriented DMOF-1-on-MOF film system comprising azobenzene in the DMOF-1 pores (DMOF-1/AB). We employed time-resolved Grazing Incidence Wide-Angle X-Ray Scattering measurements to track the structural response of the DMOF-1/AB film upon altering the length of the azobenzene molecule by photo-isomerization (trans-to-cis, 343 nm; cis-to-trans, 450 nm). Within seconds, the DMOF-1/AB response occurred fully reversible and over several switching cycles by cooperative photo-switching of the oriented DMOF-1/AB crystallites as confirmed further by infrared measurements. Our work thereby suggests a new avenue to elucidate the timescales and photo-switching characteristics in structurally responsive MOF film systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumea Klokic
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Denys Naumenko
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Benedetta Marmiroli
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Francesco Carraro
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Mercedes Linares-Moreau
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Simone Dal Zilio
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC S.S. 14, 163.5 km, Basovizza Trieste 34149 Italy
| | - Giovanni Birarda
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste - SISSI Bio Beamline S.S. 14, 163.5 km, Basovizza Trieste 34149 Italy
| | - Rupert Kargl
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Bio-Based Systems, Graz University of Technology 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Paolo Falcaro
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology 8010 Graz Austria
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2
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A contemporary report on explications of flexible metal-organic frameworks with regards to structural simulation, dynamics and material applications. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.116041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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3
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Chen K, Mousavi SH, Singh R, Snurr RQ, Li G, Webley PA. Gating effect for gas adsorption in microporous materials-mechanisms and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:1139-1166. [PMID: 35040460 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00822f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In the past two decades, various microporous materials have been developed as useful adsorbents for gas adsorption for a wide range of industries. Considerable efforts have been made to regulate the pore accessibility in microporous materials for the manipulation of guest molecules' admission and release. It has long been known that some microporous adsorbents suddenly become highly accessible to guest molecules at specific conditions, e.g., above a threshold pressure or temperature. This anomalous adsorption behavior results from a gating effect, where a structural variation of the adsorbent leads to an abrupt change in the gas admission. This review summarizes the mechanisms of the gating effect, which can be a result of the deformation of the framework (e.g., expansion, contraction, reorientation, and sliding of the unit cells), the vibration of the pore-keeping groups (e.g., rotation, swing, and collapse of organic linkers), and the oscillation of the pore-keeping ions (e.g. cesium, potassium, etc.). These structural variations are induced either by the host-guest interaction or by an external stimulus, such as temperature or light, and account for the gating effect at a threshold value of the stimulus. Emphasis is given to the temperature-regulated gating effect, where the critical admission temperature is dictated by the combined effect of the gate opening and thermodynamic factors and plays a key role in regulating guest admission. Molecular simulations can improve our understanding of the gate opening/closing transitions at the atomic scale and enable the construction of quantitative models to describe the gated adsorption behaviour at the macroscale level. The gating effect in porous materials has been widely applied in highly selective gas separation and offers great potential for gas storage and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifei Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Seyed Hesam Mousavi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Ranjeet Singh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Randall Q Snurr
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Paul A Webley
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia.
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4
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Li R, Chen H, Choi JH. Auxetic Two-Dimensional Nanostructures from DNA*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7165-7173. [PMID: 33403767 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Architectured materials exhibit negative Poisson's ratios and enhanced mechanical properties compared with regular materials. Their auxetic behaviors emerge from periodic cellular structures regardless of the materials used. The majority of such metamaterials are constructed by top-down approaches and macroscopic with unit cells of microns or larger. There are also molecular auxetics including natural crystals which are not designable. There is a gap from few nanometers to microns, which may be filled by biomolecular self-assembly. Herein, we demonstrate two-dimensional auxetic nanostructures using DNA origami. Structural reconfigurations are performed by two-step DNA reactions and complemented by mechanical deformation studies using molecular dynamics simulations. We find that the auxetic behaviors are mostly defined by geometrical designs, yet the properties of the materials also play an important role. From elasticity theory, we introduce design principles for auxetic DNA metamaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Haorong Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jong Hyun Choi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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5
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Li R, Chen H, Choi JH. Auxetic Two‐Dimensional Nanostructures from DNA**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Haorong Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Jong Hyun Choi
- School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
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6
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Chong S, Lee S, Kim B, Kim J. Applications of machine learning in metal-organic frameworks. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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7
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Wharmby MT, Niekiel F, Benecke J, Waitschat S, Reinsch H, Daisenberger D, Stock N, Yot PG. Influence of Thermal and Mechanical Stimuli on the Behavior of Al-CAU-13 Metal-Organic Framework. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1698. [PMID: 32872371 PMCID: PMC7557782 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The response of the metal-organic framework aluminum-1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate or Al-CAU-13 (CAU: Christian Albrecht University) to the application of thermal and mechanical stimuli was investigated using synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction (SPXRD). Variable temperature in situ SPXRD data, over the range 80-500 K, revealed a complex evolution of the structure of the water guest containing Al-CAU-13H2O, the dehydration process from ca. 310 to 370 K, and also the evolution of the guest free Al-CAU-13 structure between ca. 370 and 500 K. Rietveld refinement allowed this complexity to be rationalized in the different regions of heating. The Berman thermal Equation of State was determined for the two structures (Al-CAU-13H2O and Al-CAU-13). Diamond anvil cell studies at elevated pressure (from ambient to up to ca. 11 GPa) revealed similarities in the structural responses on application of pressure and temperature. The ability of the pressure medium to penetrate the framework was also found to be important: non-penetrating silicone oil caused pressure induced amorphization, whereas penetrating helium showed no plastic deformation of the structure. Third-order Vinet equations of state were calculated and show Al-CAU-13H2O is a hard compound for a metal-organic framework material. The mechanical response of Al-CAU-13, with tetramethylpyrazine guests replacing water, was also investigated. Although the connectivity of the structure is the same, all the linkers have a linear e,e-conformation and the structure adopts a more open, wine-rack-like arrangement, which demonstrates negative linear compressibility (NLC) similar to Al-MIL-53 and a significantly softer mechanical response. The origin of this variation in behavior is attributed to the different linker conformation, demonstrating the influence of the S-shaped a,a-conformation on the response of the framework to external stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Wharmby
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felicitas Niekiel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Christian Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth-Straße 2, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (F.N.); (J.B.); (S.W.); (H.R.); (N.S.)
| | - Jannik Benecke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Christian Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth-Straße 2, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (F.N.); (J.B.); (S.W.); (H.R.); (N.S.)
| | - Steve Waitschat
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Christian Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth-Straße 2, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (F.N.); (J.B.); (S.W.); (H.R.); (N.S.)
| | - Helge Reinsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Christian Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth-Straße 2, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (F.N.); (J.B.); (S.W.); (H.R.); (N.S.)
| | - Dominik Daisenberger
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond House, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK;
| | - Norbert Stock
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Christian Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth-Straße 2, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (F.N.); (J.B.); (S.W.); (H.R.); (N.S.)
| | - Pascal G. Yot
- ICGM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, F-34095 Montpellier, France
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Demuynck R, Wieme J, Rogge SMJ, Dedecker KD, Vanduyfhuys L, Waroquier M, Van Speybroeck V. Protocol for Identifying Accurate Collective Variables in Enhanced Molecular Dynamics Simulations for the Description of Structural Transformations in Flexible Metal-Organic Frameworks. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:5511-5526. [PMID: 30336016 PMCID: PMC6236469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Various kinds of flexibility have been observed in metal-organic frameworks, which may originate from the topology of the material or the presence of flexible ligands. The construction of free energy profiles describing the full dynamical behavior along the phase transition path is challenging since it is not trivial to identify collective variables able to identify all metastable states along the reaction path. In this work, a systematic three-step protocol to uniquely identify the dominant order parameters for structural transformations in flexible metal-organic frameworks and subsequently construct accurate free energy profiles is presented. Methodologically, this protocol is rooted in the time-structure based independent component analysis (tICA), a well-established statistical modeling technique embedded in the Markov state model methodology and often employed to study protein folding, that allows for the identification of the slowest order parameters characterizing the structural transformation. To ensure an unbiased and systematic identification of these order parameters, the tICA decomposition is performed based on information from a prior replica exchange (RE) simulation, as this technique enhances the sampling along all degrees of freedom of the system simultaneously. From this simulation, the tICA procedure extracts the order parameters-often structural parameters-that characterize the slowest transformations in the material. Subsequently, these order parameters are adopted in traditional enhanced sampling methods such as umbrella sampling, thermodynamic integration, and variationally enhanced sampling to construct accurate free energy profiles capturing the flexibility in these nanoporous materials. In this work, the applicability of this tICA-RE protocol is demonstrated by determining the slowest order parameters in both MIL-53(Al) and CAU-13, which exhibit a strongly different type of flexibility. The obtained free energy profiles as a function of this extracted order parameter are furthermore compared to the profiles obtained when adopting less-suited collective variables, indicating the importance of systematically selecting the relevant order parameters to construct accurate free energy profiles for flexible metal-organic frameworks, which is in correspondence with experimental findings. The method succeeds in mapping the full free energy surface in terms of appropriate collective variables for MOFs exhibiting linker flexibility. For CAU-13, we show the decreased stability of the closed pore phase by systematically adding adsorbed xylene molecules in the framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Demuynck
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Jelle Wieme
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Sven M. J. Rogge
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Karen D. Dedecker
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Louis Vanduyfhuys
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Michel Waroquier
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Veronique Van Speybroeck
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
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9
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Vanduyfhuys L, Vandenbrande S, Wieme J, Waroquier M, Verstraelen T, Van Speybroeck V. Extension of the QuickFF force field protocol for an improved accuracy of structural, vibrational, mechanical and thermal properties of metal-organic frameworks. J Comput Chem 2018; 39:999-1011. [PMID: 29396847 PMCID: PMC5947575 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
QuickFF was originally launched in 2015 to derive accurate force fields for isolated and complex molecular systems in a quick and easy way. Apart from the general applicability, the functionality was especially tested for metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a class of hybrid materials consisting of organic and inorganic building blocks. Herein, we launch a new release of the QuickFF protocol which includes new major features to predict structural, vibrational, mechanical and thermal properties with greater accuracy, without compromising its robustness and transparent workflow. First, the ab initio data necessary for the fitting procedure may now also be derived from periodic models for the molecular system, as opposed to the earlier cluster-based models. This is essential for an accurate description of MOFs with one-dimensional metal-oxide chains. Second, cross terms that couple internal coordinates (ICs) and anharmonic contributions for bond and bend terms are implemented. These features are essential for a proper description of vibrational and thermal properties. Third, the fitting scheme was modified to improve robustness and accuracy. The new features are tested on MIL-53(Al), MOF-5, CAU-13 and NOTT-300. As expected, periodic input data are proven to be essential for a correct description of structural, vibrational and thermodynamic properties of MIL-53(Al). Bulk moduli and thermal expansion coefficients of MOF-5 are very accurately reproduced by static and dynamic simulations using the newly derived force fields which include cross terms and anharmonic corrections. For the flexible materials CAU-13 and NOTT-300, the transition pressure is accurately predicted provided cross terms are taken into account. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Vanduyfhuys
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Ghent UniversityTechnologiepark903, 9052ZwijnaardeBelgium
| | - Steven Vandenbrande
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Ghent UniversityTechnologiepark903, 9052ZwijnaardeBelgium
| | - Jelle Wieme
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Ghent UniversityTechnologiepark903, 9052ZwijnaardeBelgium
| | - Michel Waroquier
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Ghent UniversityTechnologiepark903, 9052ZwijnaardeBelgium
| | - Toon Verstraelen
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Ghent UniversityTechnologiepark903, 9052ZwijnaardeBelgium
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Lü J, Perez-Krap C, Trousselet F, Yan Y, Alsmail NH, Karadeniz B, Jacques NM, Lewis W, Blake AJ, Coudert FX, Cao R, Schröder M. Polycatenated 2D Hydrogen-Bonded Binary Supramolecular Organic Frameworks (SOFs) with Enhanced Gas Adsorption and Selectivity. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2018; 18:2555-2562. [PMID: 29651229 PMCID: PMC5890310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.8b00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Controlled assembly of two-dimensional (2D) supramolecular organic frameworks (SOFs) has been demonstrated through a binary strategy in which 1,4-bis-(4-(3,5-dicyano-2,6-dipyridyl)pyridyl)naphthalene (2), generated in situ by oxidative dehydrogenation of 1,4-bis-(4-(3,5-dicyano-2,6-dipyridyl)dihydropyridyl)naphthalene (1), is coupled in a 1:1 ratio with terphenyl-3,3',4,4'-tetracarboxylic acid (3; to form SOF-8), 5,5'-(anthracene-9,10-diyl)diisophthalic acid (4; to form SOF-9), or 5,5'-bis-(azanediyl)-oxalyl-diisophthalic acid (5; to form SOF-10). Complementary O-H···N hydrogen bonds assemble 2D 63-hcb (honeycomb) subunits that pack as layers in SOF-8 to give a three-dimensional (3D) supramolecular network with parallel channels hosting guest DMF (DMF = N,N'-dimethylformamide) molecules. SOF-9 and SOF-10 feature supramolecular networks of 2D → 3D inclined polycatenation of similar hcb layers as those in SOF-8. Although SOF-8 suffers framework collapse upon guest removal, the polycatenated frameworks of SOF-9 and SOF-10 exhibit excellent chemical and thermal stability, solvent/moisture durability, and permanent porosity. Moreover, their corresponding desolvated (activated) samples SOF-9a and SOF-10a display enhanced adsorption and selectivity for CO2 over N2 and CH4. The structures of these activated compounds are well described by quantum chemistry calculations, which have allowed us to determine their mechanical properties, as well as identify their soft deformation modes and a large number of low-energy vibration modes. These results not only demonstrate an effective synthetic platform for porous organic molecular materials stabilized solely by primary hydrogen bonds but also suggest a viable means to build robust SOF materials with enhanced gas uptake capacity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lü
- Fujian
Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation,
College of Resources and Environment, Fujian
Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Cristina Perez-Krap
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Fabien Trousselet
- Chimie
ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de
Chimie Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Yong Yan
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Nada H. Alsmail
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
- Department
of General Studies, Jubail University College, P.O. Box 10074, Jubail Industrial City 31961, SKA
| | - Bahar Karadeniz
- Fujian
Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation,
College of Resources and Environment, Fujian
Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Nicholas M. Jacques
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - William Lewis
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Alexander J. Blake
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - François-Xavier Coudert
- Chimie
ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de
Chimie Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Rong Cao
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Martin Schröder
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
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11
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Duarte Rodrigues A, Fahsi K, Dumail X, Masquelez N, van der Lee A, Mallet-Ladeira S, Sibille R, Filhol JS, Dutremez SG. Joint Experimental and Computational Investigation of the Flexibility of a Diacetylene-Based Mixed-Linker MOF: Revealing the Existence of Two Low-Temperature Phase Transitions and the Presence of Colossal Positive and Giant Negative Thermal Expansions. Chemistry 2018; 24:1586-1605. [PMID: 29115702 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Solvothermal reaction in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) between 1,6-bis(1-imidazolyl)-2,4-hexadiyne monohydrate (L1⋅H2 O), isophthalic acid (H2 L2), and Zn(NO3 )2 ⋅6 H2 O gives the diacetylene-based mixed-ligand coordination polymer {[Zn(L1)(L2)](DMF)2 }n (UMON-44) in 38 % yield. Combination of DSC with variable-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed the occurrence of two phase transitions spanning the ranges 129-144 K and 158-188 K. Furthermore, the three structurally similar phases of UMON-44 show giant negative and/or colossal positive thermal expansions. These unusual phenomena exist without any change in the contents of the unit cell. DFT calculations using the PBE+D3 dispersion scheme were able to distinguish between these polymorphs by accurately reproducing their salient structural features, although corrections in the size of the unit cell turned out to be necessary for the high-temperature phase to account for its large thermal expansion. In addition, the infrared spectra (vibration frequencies and peak intensities) of these theoretical models were calculated, allowing for univocal identification of the corresponding polymorphs. Last, the limits of our computational method were tested by calculating the phase transition temperatures and their associated enthalpies, and the derived figures compare favorably with the values determined experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alysson Duarte Rodrigues
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR 5253 CNRS-ENSCM-UM, Equipe CMOS, Université de Montpellier, Bât. 17, CC 1701, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Karim Fahsi
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR 5253 CNRS-ENSCM-UM, Equipe CMOS, Université de Montpellier, Bât. 17, CC 1701, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Xavier Dumail
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR 5253 CNRS-ENSCM-UM, Equipe CMOS, Université de Montpellier, Bât. 17, CC 1701, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Nathalie Masquelez
- Institut Européen des Membranes, UMR 5635 CNRS-ENSCM-UM, Université de Montpellier, Case Courrier 047, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Arie van der Lee
- Institut Européen des Membranes, UMR 5635 CNRS-ENSCM-UM, Université de Montpellier, Case Courrier 047, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Sonia Mallet-Ladeira
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (FR 2599), Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Romain Sibille
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Sébastien Filhol
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR 5253 CNRS-ENSCM-UM, Equipe CTMM, Université de Montpellier, Bât. 15, CC 1501, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Sylvain G Dutremez
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR 5253 CNRS-ENSCM-UM, Equipe CMOS, Université de Montpellier, Bât. 17, CC 1701, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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12
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Vanduyfhuys L, Rogge SMJ, Wieme J, Vandenbrande S, Maurin G, Waroquier M, Van Speybroeck V. Thermodynamic insight into stimuli-responsive behaviour of soft porous crystals. Nat Commun 2018; 9:204. [PMID: 29335556 PMCID: PMC5768703 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02666-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the thermodynamic potential in terms of the independent variables allows to characterize the macroscopic state of the system. However, in practice, it is difficult to access this potential experimentally due to irreversible transitions that occur between equilibrium states. A showcase example of sudden transitions between (meta)stable equilibrium states is observed for soft porous crystals possessing a network with long-range structural order, which can transform between various states upon external stimuli such as pressure, temperature and guest adsorption. Such phase transformations are typically characterized by large volume changes and may be followed experimentally by monitoring the volume change in terms of certain external triggers. Herein, we present a generalized thermodynamic approach to construct the underlying Helmholtz free energy as a function of the state variables that governs the observed behaviour based on microscopic simulations. This concept allows a unique identification of the conditions under which a material becomes flexible.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Vanduyfhuys
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium.
| | - S M J Rogge
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - J Wieme
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - S Vandenbrande
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - G Maurin
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, Cedex 05, France
| | - M Waroquier
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - V Van Speybroeck
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium.
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13
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Demuynck R, Rogge SMJ, Vanduyfhuys L, Wieme J, Waroquier M, Van Speybroeck V. Efficient Construction of Free Energy Profiles of Breathing Metal-Organic Frameworks Using Advanced Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:5861-5873. [PMID: 29131647 PMCID: PMC5729547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b01014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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In order to reliably
predict and understand the breathing behavior
of highly flexible metal–organic frameworks from thermodynamic
considerations, an accurate estimation of the free energy difference
between their different metastable states is a prerequisite. Herein,
a variety of free energy estimation methods are thoroughly tested
for their ability to construct the free energy profile as a function
of the unit cell volume of MIL-53(Al). The methods comprise free energy
perturbation, thermodynamic integration, umbrella sampling, metadynamics,
and variationally enhanced sampling. A series of molecular dynamics
simulations have been performed in the frame of each of the five methods
to describe structural transformations in flexible materials with
the volume as the collective variable, which offers a unique opportunity
to assess their computational efficiency. Subsequently, the most efficient
method, umbrella sampling, is used to construct an accurate free energy
profile at different temperatures for MIL-53(Al) from first principles
at the PBE+D3(BJ) level of theory. This study yields insight into
the importance of the different aspects such as entropy contributions
and anharmonic contributions on the resulting free energy profile.
As such, this thorough study provides unparalleled insight in the
thermodynamics of the large structural deformations of flexible materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Demuynck
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Ghent University , Technologiepark 903, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Sven M J Rogge
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Ghent University , Technologiepark 903, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Louis Vanduyfhuys
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Ghent University , Technologiepark 903, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Jelle Wieme
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Ghent University , Technologiepark 903, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Michel Waroquier
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Ghent University , Technologiepark 903, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Veronique Van Speybroeck
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Ghent University , Technologiepark 903, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
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14
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Krause S, Bon V, Stoeck U, Senkovska I, Többens DM, Wallacher D, Kaskel S. A Stimuli-Responsive Zirconium Metal-Organic Framework Based on Supermolecular Design. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201702357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Krause
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; Bergstrasse 66 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Volodymyr Bon
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; Bergstrasse 66 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Ulrich Stoeck
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; Bergstrasse 66 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Irena Senkovska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; Bergstrasse 66 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Daniel M. Többens
- Structure and Dynamics of Energy Materials Group; Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie; Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 14109 Berlin Germany
| | - Dirk Wallacher
- Department Sample Environments; Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie; Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 14109 Berlin Germany
| | - Stefan Kaskel
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; Bergstrasse 66 01069 Dresden Germany
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15
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Krause S, Bon V, Stoeck U, Senkovska I, Többens DM, Wallacher D, Kaskel S. A Stimuli-Responsive Zirconium Metal-Organic Framework Based on Supermolecular Design. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:10676-10680. [PMID: 28670873 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201702357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A flexible, yet very stable metal-organic framework (DUT-98, Zr6 O4 (OH)4 (CPCDC)4 (H2 O)4 , CPCDC=9-(4-carboxyphenyl)-9H-carbazole-3,6-dicarboxylate) was synthesized using a rational supermolecular building block approach based on molecular modelling of metal-organic chains and subsequent virtual interlinking into a 3D MOF. Structural characterization via synchrotron single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) revealed the one-dimensional pore architecture of DUT-98, envisioned in silico. After supercritical solvent extraction, distinctive responses towards various gases stimulated reversible structural transformations, as detected using coupled synchrotron diffraction and physisorption techniques. DUT-98 shows a surprisingly low water uptake but a high selectivity for pore opening towards specific gases and vapors (N2 , CO2 , n-butane, alcohols) at characteristic pressure resulting in multiple steps in the adsorption isotherm and hysteretic behavior upon desorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Krause
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Volodymyr Bon
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Stoeck
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Irena Senkovska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel M Többens
- Structure and Dynamics of Energy Materials Group, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Wallacher
- Department Sample Environments, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Kaskel
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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16
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Banlusan K, Strachan A. First-principles study of elastic mechanical responses to applied deformation of metal-organic frameworks. J Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4982356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kiettipong Banlusan
- School of Materials Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Alejandro Strachan
- School of Materials Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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17
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Zeng Q, Wang K, Qiao Y, Li X, Zou B. Negative Linear Compressibility Due to Layer Sliding in a Layered Metal-Organic Framework. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:1436-1441. [PMID: 28296412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Negative linear compressibility (NLC) is a rare and counterintuitive phenomenon because materials with this property would expand along one specific direction when uniformly compressed. NLC materials have a broad range of potential applications in designing pressure sensors, artificial muscles, and so on. Designing and searching for systems with NLC is desired and crucial for material and compression science. Herein, with the help of high-pressure X-ray diffraction measurements and density functional theory calculations, we find that the 2D layered Co(SCN)2(pyrazine)2 exhibits NLC with a new mechanism: layer sliding. When compressed, the ab planes slide along the a axis, leading to the decrease of lattice parameter β, which results in the NLC effect along principal axis X3 (≈ -0.84a - 0.55c). The layer sliding mechanism opens exciting opportunities for seeking, designing, and synthesizing new classes of materials with anomalous mechanical properties in monoclinic layered or other related systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yuancun Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039, China
| | - Bo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
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18
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Marmier A, Evans KE. Flexibility in MOFs: do scalar and group-theoretical counting rules work? Dalton Trans 2016; 45:4360-9. [PMID: 26732663 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03586d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the ability of counting rules drafted from engineering to predict the flexibility or rigidity of bar-and-joint or body-and-joint assemblies representing metal organic frameworks. We show that while scalar counting rules are not reliable, group-theoretical approaches are able to disentangle mechanisms from states of self-stress and to predict the existence of flexible mechanisms. We give several detailed examples of such calculations, highlighting the fact that behind an abstract exterior they are in fact easy to apply and similar to the method used to obtain molecular vibrations. We also correct a slight misinterpretation of the rigidity of IRMOF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Marmier
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Science, University of Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK.
| | - K E Evans
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Science, University of Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK.
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19
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Evans JD, Coudert FX. Microscopic Mechanism of Chiral Induction in a Metal–Organic Framework. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:6131-4. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b02781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jack D. Evans
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - François-Xavier Coudert
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 75005 Paris, France
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20
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Abstract
In the recent past an enormous number of Metal–Organic Framework type compounds (MOFs) have been synthesized.
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21
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Coudert FX, Fuchs AH. Computational characterization and prediction of metal–organic framework properties. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Chang Z, Yang DH, Xu J, Hu TL, Bu XH. Flexible Metal-Organic Frameworks: Recent Advances and Potential Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:5432-41. [PMID: 26270630 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201501523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Flexible metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) receive much attention owing to their attractive properties that originate from their flexibility and dynamic behavior, and show great potential applications in many fields. Here, recent progress in the discovery, understanding, and property investigations of flexible MOFs are reviewed, and the examples of their potential applications in storage and separation, sensing, and guest capture and release are presented to highlight the developing trends in flexible MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Chang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Dong-Hui Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jian Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Tong-Liang Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xian-He Bu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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23
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Odoh SO, Cramer CJ, Truhlar DG, Gagliardi L. Quantum-Chemical Characterization of the Properties and Reactivities of Metal–Organic Frameworks. Chem Rev 2015; 115:6051-111. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500551h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel O. Odoh
- Department of Chemistry,
Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Christopher J. Cramer
- Department of Chemistry,
Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Donald G. Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry,
Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry,
Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
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24
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Ortiz AU, Boutin A, Gagnon KJ, Clearfield A, Coudert FX. Remarkable Pressure Responses of Metal–Organic Frameworks: Proton Transfer and Linker Coiling in Zinc Alkyl Gates. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:11540-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5060059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie U. Ortiz
- PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech − CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Anne Boutin
- École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Département de Chimie, Sorbonne Universités −
UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8640 PASTEUR, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Kevin J. Gagnon
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron
Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Abraham Clearfield
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - François-Xavier Coudert
- PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech − CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 75005 Paris, France
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25
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Canivet J, Fateeva A, Guo Y, Coasne B, Farrusseng D. Water adsorption in MOFs: fundamentals and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:5594-617. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00078a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 882] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MOF and water, friend or enemy?
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Canivet
- IRCELYON
- Université Lyon 1
- CNRS
- UMR 5256
- F-69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Alexandra Fateeva
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces
- Université Lyon 1
- UMR 5615
- F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Youmin Guo
- IRCELYON
- Université Lyon 1
- CNRS
- UMR 5256
- F-69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Benoit Coasne
- MultiScale Material Science for Energy and Environment
- CNRS/MIT
- UMI 3466
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge, USA
| | - David Farrusseng
- IRCELYON
- Université Lyon 1
- CNRS
- UMR 5256
- F-69626 Villeurbanne, France
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