1
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Klíma M, Celný D, Janek J, Kolafa J. Properties of water and argon clusters developed in supersonic expansions. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:124302. [PMID: 38127374 DOI: 10.1063/5.0166912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Using adiabatic molecular dynamics coupled with the fluid dynamics equations, we model nucleation in an expanding beam of water vapor and argon on a microsecond scale. The size distribution of clusters, their temperature, and pickup cross sections in dependence on velocity are investigated and compared to the geometric cross sections and the experiment. The clusters are warmer than the expanding gas because of the time scale of relaxation processes. We also suggest that their translational and rotational kinetic energies are modified due to evaporative cooling. The pickup cross sections determined for the final clusters using molecules of the same kind increase with decreasing velocity, still obeying the (a+bN1/3)2 law.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Klíma
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - David Celný
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Janek
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kolafa
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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2
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Tonauer CM, Fidler LR, Giebelmann J, Yamashita K, Loerting T. Nucleation and growth of crystalline ices from amorphous ices. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:141001. [PMID: 37061482 DOI: 10.1063/5.0143343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We here review mostly experimental and some computational work devoted to nucleation in amorphous ices. In fact, there are only a handful of studies in which nucleation and growth in amorphous ices are investigated as two separate processes. In most studies, crystallization temperatures Tx or crystallization rates RJG are accessed for the combined process. Our Review deals with different amorphous ices, namely, vapor-deposited amorphous solid water (ASW) encountered in many astrophysical environments; hyperquenched glassy water (HGW) produced from μm-droplets of liquid water; and low density amorphous (LDA), high density amorphous (HDA), and very high density amorphous (VHDA) ices produced via pressure-induced amorphization of ice I or from high-pressure polymorphs. We cover the pressure range of up to about 6 GPa and the temperature range of up to 270 K, where only the presence of salts allows for the observation of amorphous ices at such high temperatures. In the case of ASW, its microporosity and very high internal surface to volume ratio are the key factors determining its crystallization kinetics. For HGW, the role of interfaces between individual glassy droplets is crucial but mostly neglected in nucleation or crystallization studies. In the case of LDA, HDA, and VHDA, parallel crystallization kinetics to different ice phases is observed, where the fraction of crystallized ices is controlled by the heating rate. A key aspect here is that in different experiments, amorphous ices of different "purities" are obtained, where "purity" here means the "absence of crystalline nuclei." For this reason, "preseeded amorphous ice" and "nuclei-free amorphous ice" should be distinguished carefully, which has not been done properly in most studies. This makes a direct comparison of results obtained in different laboratories very hard, and even results obtained in the same laboratory are affected by very small changes in the preparation protocol. In terms of mechanism, the results are consistent with amorphous ices turning into an ultraviscous, deeply supercooled liquid prior to nucleation. However, especially in preseeded amorphous ices, crystallization from the preexisting nuclei takes place simultaneously. To separate the time scales of crystallization from the time scale of structure relaxation cleanly, the goal needs to be to produce amorphous ices free from crystalline ice nuclei. Such ices have only been produced in very few studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Tonauer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lilli-Ruth Fidler
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Giebelmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Keishiro Yamashita
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Loerting
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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3
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Rosu-Finsen A, Davies MB, Amon A, Wu H, Sella A, Michaelides A, Salzmann CG. Medium-density amorphous ice. Science 2023; 379:474-478. [PMID: 36730416 DOI: 10.1126/science.abq2105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous ices govern a range of cosmological processes and are potentially key materials for explaining the anomalies of liquid water. A substantial density gap between low-density and high-density amorphous ice with liquid water in the middle is a cornerstone of our current understanding of water. However, we show that ball milling "ordinary" ice Ih at low temperature gives a structurally distinct medium-density amorphous ice (MDA) within this density gap. These results raise the possibility that MDA is the true glassy state of liquid water or alternatively a heavily sheared crystalline state. Notably, the compression of MDA at low temperature leads to a sharp increase of its recrystallization enthalpy, highlighting that H2O can be a high-energy geophysical material.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael B Davies
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.,Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Alfred Amon
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Han Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Andrea Sella
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Angelos Michaelides
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.,Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
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4
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Yin Q, Alexandrov EV, Si D, Huang Q, Fang Z, Zhang Y, Zhang A, Qin W, Li Y, Liu T, Proserpio DM. Metallization‐Prompted Robust Porphyrin‐Based Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic CO
2
Reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences 350002, Fujian Fuzhou P. R. China
| | - Eugeny V. Alexandrov
- Samara Center for Theoretical Material Science (SCTMS) Samara State Technical University Samara 443100 Russia
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology Samara State Medical University 443099 Samara Russia
| | - Duan‐Hui Si
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences 350002, Fujian Fuzhou P. R. China
| | - Qian‐Qian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences 350002, Fujian Fuzhou P. R. China
| | - Zhi‐Bin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences 350002, Fujian Fuzhou P. R. China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences 350002, Fujian Fuzhou P. R. China
| | - An‐An Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences 350002, Fujian Fuzhou P. R. China
| | - Wei‐Kang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences 350002, Fujian Fuzhou P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No.19 (A) Yuquan Road Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences 350002, Fujian Fuzhou P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No.19 (A) Yuquan Road Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Tian‐Fu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences 350002, Fujian Fuzhou P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No.19 (A) Yuquan Road Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Davide M. Proserpio
- Università degli studi di Milano Dipartimento di Chimica 20133 Milano Italy
- Samara Center for Theoretical Material Science (SCTMS) Samara State Technical University Samara 443100 Russia
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5
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Li H, Karina A, Ladd-Parada M, Späh A, Perakis F, Benmore C, Amann-Winkel K. Long-Range Structures of Amorphous Solid Water. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:13320-13328. [PMID: 34846876 PMCID: PMC8667042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c06899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
![]()
High-energy X-ray
diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy (FTIR) of amorphous solid water (ASW) were studied during
vapor deposition and the heating process. From the diffraction patterns,
the oxygen–oxygen pair distribution functions (PDFs) were calculated
up to the eighth coordination shell and an r = 23 Å. The PDF of ASW obtained both during vapor deposition
at 80 K as well as the subsequent heating are consistent with that
of low-density amorphous ice. The formation and temperature-induced
collapse of micropores were observed in the XRD data and in the FTIR
measurements, more specifically, in the OH stretch and the dangling
mode. Above 140 K, ASW crystallizes into a stacking disordered ice,
Isd. It is observed that the fourth, fifth, and sixth peaks
in the PDF, corresponding to structural arrangements between 8 and
12 Å, are the most sensitive to the onset of crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Li
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Aigerim Karina
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Marjorie Ladd-Parada
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Alexander Späh
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Fivos Perakis
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Chris Benmore
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Katrin Amann-Winkel
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
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6
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Yin Q, Alexandrov EV, Si DH, Huang QQ, Fang ZB, Zhang Y, Zhang AA, Qin WK, Li YL, Liu TF, Proserpio DM. Metallization-Prompted Robust Porphyrin-Based Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202115854. [PMID: 34877789 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Under topological guidance, the self-assembly process based on a tetratopic porphyrin synthon results in a hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF) with the predicted square layers topology (sql) but unsatisfied stability. Strikingly, simply introducing a transition metal in the porphyrin center does not change the network topology but drastically causes noticeable change on noncovalent interaction, orbital overlap, and molecular geometry, therefore ultimately giving rise to a series of metalloporphyrinic HOFs with high surface area, and excellent stability (intact after being soaked in boiling water, concentrated HCl, and heated to 270 °C). On integrating both photosensitizers and catalytic sites into robust backbones, this series of HOFs can effectively catalyze the photoreduction of CO2 to CO, and their catalytic performances greatly depend on the chelated metal species in the porphyrin centers. This work enriches the library of stable functional HOFs and expands their applications in photocatalytic CO2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002, Fujian, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Eugeny V Alexandrov
- Samara Center for Theoretical Material Science (SCTMS), Samara State Technical University, Samara, 443100, Russia.,Institute of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Samara State Medical University, 443099, Samara, Russia
| | - Duan-Hui Si
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002, Fujian, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qian-Qian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002, Fujian, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Bin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002, Fujian, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002, Fujian, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - An-An Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002, Fujian, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Kang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002, Fujian, Fuzhou, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 (A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002, Fujian, Fuzhou, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 (A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Fu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350002, Fujian, Fuzhou, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 (A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Davide M Proserpio
- Università degli studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, 20133, Milano, Italy.,Samara Center for Theoretical Material Science (SCTMS), Samara State Technical University, Samara, 443100, Russia
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7
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Burdette-Trofimov MK, Armstrong BL, Murphy RP, Heroux L, Doucet M, Rogers A, Veith GM. Probing clustering dynamics between silicon and PAA or LiPAA slurries under processing conditions. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2021; 3:2447-2460. [PMID: 37719714 PMCID: PMC10502875 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.1c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
This work explores the complex interplay between slurry aggregation, agglomeration, and conformation (i.e. shape) of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and lithiated poly(acrylic acid) (LiPAA) based silicon slurries as a function of shear rate, and the resulting slurry homogeneity. These values were measured by small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and rheology coupled ultra-small angle neutron scattering (rheo-USANS) at conditions relevant to battery electrode casting. Different binder solution preparation methods, either a ball mill (BM) process or a planetary centrifugal mixing (PCM) process, dramatically modify the resulting polymer dynamics and organization around a silicon material. This is due to the different energy profiles of mixing where the more violent and higher energy PCM causes extensive breakdown and reformation of the binder, which is now likely in a branched conformation, while the lower energy BM results in simply lower molecular weight linear polymers. The break down and reorganization of the polymer structure affects silicon slurry homogeneity, which affects subsequent electrode architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beth L Armstrong
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
| | - Ryan P Murphy
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology
| | - Luke Heroux
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
| | - Mathieu Doucet
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
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8
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Talewar SK, Halukeerthi SO, Riedlaicher R, Shephard JJ, Clout AE, Rosu-Finsen A, Williams GR, Langhoff A, Johannsmann D, Salzmann CG. Gaseous "nanoprobes" for detecting gas-trapping environments in macroscopic films of vapor-deposited amorphous ice. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:134505. [PMID: 31594355 DOI: 10.1063/1.5113505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vapor-deposited amorphous ice, traditionally called amorphous solid water (ASW), is one of the most abundant materials in the universe and a prototypical material for studying physical vapor-deposition processes. Its complex nature arises from a strong tendency to form porous structures combined with complicated glass transition, relaxation, and desorption behavior. To gain further insights into the various gas-trapping environments that exist in ASW and hence its morphology, films in the 25-100 μm thickness range were codeposited with small amounts of gaseous "nanoprobes" including argon, methane, helium, and carbon dioxide. Upon heating in the 95-185 K temperature range, three distinct desorption processes are observed which we attribute to the gas desorption out of open cracks above 100 K, from internal voids that collapse due to the glass transition at ∼125 K and finally from fully matrix-isolated gas induced by the irreversible crystallization to stacking disordered ice (ice Isd) at ∼155 K. Nanoscale films of ASW have only displayed the latter desorption process which means that the first two desorption processes arise from the macroscopic dimensions of our ASW films. Baffling the flow of water vapor toward the deposition plate greatly reduces the first desorption feature, and hence the formation of cracks, but it significantly increases the amount of matrix-isolated gas. The complex nature in which ASW can trap gaseous species is thought to be relevant for a range of cosmological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhpreet K Talewar
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Siriney O Halukeerthi
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Regina Riedlaicher
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob J Shephard
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander E Clout
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Rosu-Finsen
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth R Williams
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Arne Langhoff
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Str. 4, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Diethelm Johannsmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Str. 4, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Christoph G Salzmann
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
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9
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Nachbar M, Duft D, Leisner T. The vapor pressure of liquid and solid water phases at conditions relevant to the atmosphere. J Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5100364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Nachbar
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2640, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Denis Duft
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2640, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thomas Leisner
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2640, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Environmental Physics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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10
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Plaga LJ, Raidt A, Fuentes Landete V, Amann-Winkel K, Massani B, Gasser TM, Gainaru C, Loerting T, Böhmer R. Amorphous and crystalline ices studied by dielectric spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:244501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5100785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L. J. Plaga
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - A. Raidt
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - V. Fuentes Landete
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - K. Amann-Winkel
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - B. Massani
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - T. M. Gasser
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - C. Gainaru
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - T. Loerting
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R. Böhmer
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
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11
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The Effective Surface Area of Amorphous Solid Water Measured by the Infrared Absorption of Carbon Monoxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab1f6a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Hill CR, Mitterdorfer C, Youngs TGA, Bowron DT, Fraser HJ, Loerting T. Neutron Scattering Analysis of Water's Glass Transition and Micropore Collapse in Amorphous Solid Water. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:215501. [PMID: 27284664 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.215501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The question of the nature of water's glass transition has continued to be disputed over many years. Here we use slow heating scans (0.4 K min^{-1}) of compact amorphous solid water deposited at 77 K and an analysis of the accompanying changes in the small-angle neutron scattering signal, to study mesoscale changes in the ice network topology. From the data we infer the onset of rotational diffusion at 115 K, a sudden switchover from nondiffusive motion and enthalpy relaxation of the network at <121 K to diffusive motion across sample grains and sudden pore collapse at >121 K, in excellent agreement with the glass transition onset deduced from heat capacity and dielectric measurements. This indicates that water's glass transition is linked with long-range transport of water molecules on the time scale of minutes and, thus, clarifies its nature. Furthermore, the slow heating rates combined with the high crystallization resistance of the amorphous sample allow us to identify the glass transition end point at 136 K, which is well separated from the crystallization onset at 144 K-in contrast to all earlier experiments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine R Hill
- Department of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tristan G A Youngs
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel T Bowron
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Helen J Fraser
- Department of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Loerting
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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13
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Townrow S, Coleman PG. Observation of residual disorder in the centre of amorphous solid water films after pore collapse at 125 K. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:475007. [PMID: 26517206 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/47/475007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The rapid structural re-organisation of porous amorphous solid water, grown to thicknesses in the range 2.5-70 μm by vapour deposition on a copper substrate at 75 K, after heating to 125 K has been found to leave a μm-wide band of residual disorder-for example, nm-sized closed pores-in the centre of the film. This layer was revealed by thinning the film by sublimation and continuously measuring the fraction of 1.5 keV positrons implanted into the film which forms ortho-positronium in the top 150 nm and decays into three gamma photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Townrow
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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14
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Bu C, Baragiola RA. Proton transport in ice at 30–140 K: Effects of porosity. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:074702. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4928506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Bu
- Laboratory for Astrophysics and Surface Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Raúl A. Baragiola
- Laboratory for Astrophysics and Surface Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
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15
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Townrow S, Coleman PG. Structural changes in amorphous solid water films on heating to 120-140 K and 150-160 K seen by positronium annihilation spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:225401. [PMID: 25985151 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/22/225401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the structure of amorphous solid water films, grown by vapour deposition on a copper substrate at 75 K and then held at 120 K for 10 min to effect pore collapse, have been observed in the ranges 122-139 K and 150-162 K using positronium annihilation spectroscopy. It is proposed that the former is associated with the glass transition, with an effective activation energy of 0.266(3) eV. The data for the latter, which exhibit minima suggesting the temporary introduction of molecular disorder, can be processed to yield an effective activation energy of 0.47(2) eV, and are consistent with either a structural reorganization of the crystalline lattice or a relaxation of the amorphous structure mediated by defect migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Townrow
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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Loerting T, Fuentes-Landete V, Handle PH, Seidl M, Amann-Winkel K, Gainaru C, Böhmer R. The glass transition in high-density amorphous ice. JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS 2015; 407:423-430. [PMID: 25641986 PMCID: PMC4308024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
There has been a long controversy regarding the glass transition in low-density amorphous ice (LDA). The central question is whether or not it transforms to an ultraviscous liquid state above 136 K at ambient pressure prior to crystallization. Currently, the most widespread interpretation of the experimental findings is in terms of a transformation to a superstrong liquid above 136 K. In the last decade some work has also been devoted to the study of the glass transition in high-density amorphous ice (HDA) which is in the focus of the present review. At ambient pressure HDA is metastable against both ice I and LDA, whereas at > 0.2 GPa HDA is no longer metastable against LDA, but merely against high-pressure forms of crystalline ice. The first experimental observation interpreted as the glass transition of HDA was made using in situ methods by Mishima, who reported a glass transition temperature Tg of 160 K at 0.40 GPa. Soon thereafter Andersson and Inaba reported a much lower glass transition temperature of 122 K at 1.0 GPa. Based on the pressure dependence of HDA's Tg measured in Innsbruck, we suggest that they were in fact probing the distinct glass transition of very high-density amorphous ice (VHDA). Very recently the glass transition in HDA was also observed at ambient pressure at 116 K. That is, LDA and HDA show two distinct glass transitions, clearly separated by about 20 K at ambient pressure. In summary, this suggests that three glass transition lines can be defined in the p-T plane for LDA, HDA, and VHDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Loerting
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Violeta Fuentes-Landete
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Philip H. Handle
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Seidl
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katrin Amann-Winkel
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Catalin Gainaru
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Roland Böhmer
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
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