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Nachbar M, Duft D, Leisner T. Correction to "Volatility of Amorphous Solid Water". J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:8706-8707. [PMID: 37766461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c06158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
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2
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Gao L, Buchholz A, Li Z, Song J, Vallon M, Jiang F, Möhler O, Leisner T, Saathoff H. Volatility of Secondary Organic Aerosol from β-Caryophyllene Ozonolysis over a Wide Tropospheric Temperature Range. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:8965-8974. [PMID: 37286187 PMCID: PMC10286803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigated secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from β-caryophyllene oxidation generated over a wide tropospheric temperature range (213-313 K) from ozonolysis. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was used to deconvolute the desorption data (thermograms) of SOA products detected by a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (FIGAERO-CIMS). A nonmonotonic dependence of particle volatility (saturation concentration at 298 K, C298K*) on formation temperature (213-313 K) was observed, primarily due to temperature-dependent formation pathways of β-caryophyllene oxidation products. The PMF analysis grouped detected ions into 11 compound groups (factors) with characteristic volatility. These compound groups act as indicators for the underlying SOA formation mechanisms. Their different temperature responses revealed that the relevant chemical pathways (e.g., autoxidation, oligomer formation, and isomer formation) had distinct optimal temperatures between 213 and 313 K, significantly beyond the effect of temperature-dependent partitioning. Furthermore, PMF-resolved volatility groups were compared with volatility basis set (VBS) distributions based on different vapor pressure estimation methods. The variation of the volatilities predicted by different methods is affected by highly oxygenated molecules, isomers, and thermal decomposition of oligomers with long carbon chains. This work distinguishes multiple isomers and identifies compound groups of varying volatilities, providing new insights into the temperature-dependent formation mechanisms of β-caryophyllene-derived SOA particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyu Gao
- Institute
of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76344, Germany
- Institute
of Geography and Geoecology, Working Group for Environmental Mineralogy
and Environmental System Analysis, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Angela Buchholz
- Department
of Technical Physics, University of Eastern
Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Zijun Li
- Department
of Technical Physics, University of Eastern
Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland
- International
Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, School of Earth and Atmospheric
Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Junwei Song
- Institute
of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76344, Germany
- Institute
of Geography and Geoecology, Working Group for Environmental Mineralogy
and Environmental System Analysis, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Magdalena Vallon
- Institute
of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76344, Germany
| | - Feng Jiang
- Institute
of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76344, Germany
- Institute
of Geography and Geoecology, Working Group for Environmental Mineralogy
and Environmental System Analysis, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Ottmar Möhler
- Institute
of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76344, Germany
| | - Thomas Leisner
- Institute
of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76344, Germany
- Institute
of Environmental Physics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Harald Saathoff
- Institute
of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76344, Germany
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3
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Antonsson E, Gerke F, Langer B, Goroncy C, Dresch T, Leisner T, Graf C, Rühl E. Inelastic mean-free path and mean escape depth of 10-140 eV electrons in SiO 2 nanoparticles determined by Si 2p photoelectron yields. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37222473 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01284k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We report on photoelectron spectra of SiO2 nanoparticles (d = 157 ± 6 nm) above the Si 2p threshold in the photon energy range 118-248 eV with electron kinetic energy 10-140 eV and analyze the photoelectron yield as a function of photon energy. Comparison of the experimental results with Monte-Carlo simulations on electron transport allows us to quantify the inelastic mean-free path and mean escape depth of photoelectrons in the nanoparticle samples. The influence of the nanoparticle geometry and electron elastic scattering on photoelectron yields is highlighted. The results show that the previously proposed direct proportionality of the photoelectron signal to the inelastic mean-free path or the mean escape depth does not hold for photoelectron kinetic energies below 30 eV due to the strong influence of electron elastic scattering. The present results deviate for photoelectron kinetic energies below 30 eV from the previously proposed direct proportionality of the photoelectron signal to the inelastic mean-free path or the mean escape depth, which is the result of a strong influence of electron elastic scattering. The presented inelastic mean-free paths and mean escape depths appear to be useful for the quantitative interpretation of photoemission experiments on nanoparticles and for modeling of the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Antonsson
- Physical Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - F Gerke
- Physical Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - B Langer
- Physical Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - C Goroncy
- Physical Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - T Dresch
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institut of Technology, - KIT Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldhafen, Germany
| | - T Leisner
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institut of Technology, - KIT Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldhafen, Germany
- Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Graf
- Fachbereich Chemie- und Biotechnologie, Hochschule Darmstadt - University of Applied Sciences, Stephanstr. 7, D-64295 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - E Rühl
- Physical Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
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Artemov V, Frank L, Doronin R, Stärk P, Schlaich A, Andreev A, Leisner T, Radenovic A, Kiselev A. The Three-Phase Contact Potential Difference Modulates the Water Surface Charge. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:4796-4802. [PMID: 37191100 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The surface charge of an open water surface is crucial for solvation phenomena and interfacial processes in aqueous systems. However, the magnitude of the charge is controversial, and the physical mechanism of charging remains incompletely understood. Here we identify a previously overlooked physical mechanism determining the surface charge of water. Using accurate charge measurements of water microdrops, we demonstrate that the water surface charge originates from the electrostatic effects in the contact line vicinity of three phases, one of which is water. Our experiments, theory, and simulations provide evidence that a junction of two aqueous interfaces (e.g., liquid-solid and liquid-air) develops a pH-dependent contact potential difference Δϕ due to the longitudinal charge redistribution between two contacting interfaces. This universal static charging mechanism may have implications for the origin of electrical potentials in biological, nanofluidic, and electrochemical systems and helps to predict and control the surface charge of water in various experimental environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily Artemov
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laura Frank
- Steinbuch Centre for Computing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Roman Doronin
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Philipp Stärk
- SC Simtech, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alexander Schlaich
- SC Simtech, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute for Computational Physics, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anton Andreev
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Thomas Leisner
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Radenovic
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexei Kiselev
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Vogel F, Lacher L, Nadolny J, Saathoff H, Leisner T, Möhler O. Development and validation of a new cloud simulation experiment for lab-based aerosol-cloud studies. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:095106. [PMID: 36182527 DOI: 10.1063/5.0098777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Aerosol Interaction and Dynamics in the Atmosphere (AIDA) cloud expansion chamber with a volume of 84 m3 was extended for the small cloud expansion chamber AIDA mini (AIDAm) with a volume of 20 L. AIDAm is located in the cold room of AIDA and can perform automated ice-nucleation measurements over longer time periods of hours to days. AIDAm samples from the AIDA chamber, which acts as a reservoir of atmospheric aerosol types, which can slowly be modified by physical or chemical processes similar to those occurring in the atmosphere. AIDAm was validated for accurate ice-nucleation temperature control by measuring homogeneous freezing of pure water droplets at temperatures around -34 °C and for immersion freezing induced by dust aerosol particles in the temperature range between -20 and -30 °C. Further validation experiments at cirrus cloud temperatures of -45 °C revealed that AIDAm can distinguish between heterogeneous ice formation on mineral dust aerosols and homogeneous freezing of sulfuric acid solution particles. The contribution of homogeneous and heterogeneous ice formation processes to the ice-nucleation activity of coated dust particles was investigated in a 7 h long experiment, where solid dust particles were slowly coated with sulfuric acid. The continuous AIDAm measurements with a time resolution of 6 min showed a substantial suppression of the heterogeneous freezing phenomenon and an increasing role of homogeneous freezing while the coating amount was slowly increased. This experiment proved the capability of AIDAm to sensitively detect small changes in the ice-nucleation ability of aerosols, which undergo slow processing like chemical surface coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Vogel
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - L Lacher
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - J Nadolny
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - H Saathoff
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - T Leisner
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - O Möhler
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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6
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Keinert A, Deck K, Gädeke T, Leisner T, Kiselev AA. Mechanism of ice nucleation in liquid water on alkali feldspars. Faraday Discuss 2022; 235:148-161. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fd00115a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Crystallization of supercooled liquid water in most natural environments starts with heterogeneous nucleation of ice induced by a nucleation site. Mineral surfaces, which form the majority of aqueous interfaces in...
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Nachbar
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2640, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Denis Duft
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2640, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thomas Leisner
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2640, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Environmental Physics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Huang W, Saathoff H, Shen X, Ramisetty R, Leisner T, Mohr C. Chemical Characterization of Highly Functionalized Organonitrates Contributing to Night-Time Organic Aerosol Mass Loadings and Particle Growth. Environ Sci Technol 2019; 53:1165-1174. [PMID: 30615422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Reactions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) with NO3 radicals and of reactive intermediates of oxidized VOC with NO x can lead to the formation of highly functionalized organonitrates (ON). We present quantitative and chemical information on ON contributing to high night-time organic aerosol (OA) mass concentrations measured during July-August 2016 in a rural area in southwest Germany. A filter inlet for gases and aerosols coupled to a high-resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (FIGAERO-HR-ToF-CIMS) was used to analyze the molecular composition of ON in both the gas and particle phase. We find larger contributions of ON to OA mass during the night. Identified ON are highly functionalized, with 4 to 12 oxygen atoms. The diel patterns of ON compounds with 5, 7, 10, or 15 carbon atoms per molecule vary, indicating a corresponding behavior of their potential precursor VOC. The temporal behavior of ON after sunset correlates with that of the number concentration of ultrafine particles, indicating a potential role of ON in night-time new particle formation (NPF) regularly observed at this location. We estimate an ON contribution of 18-25% to the mass increase of newly formed particles after sunset. Our study provides insights into the chemical composition of highly functionalized ON in the rural atmosphere and the role of anthropogenic emissions for night-time SOA formation in an area where biogenic VOC emissions dominate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , 76344 , Germany
- Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Working Group for Environmental Mineralogy and Environmental System Analysis , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Karlsruhe , 76131 , Germany
| | - Harald Saathoff
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , 76344 , Germany
| | - Xiaoli Shen
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , 76344 , Germany
- Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Working Group for Environmental Mineralogy and Environmental System Analysis , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Karlsruhe , 76131 , Germany
| | - Ramakrishna Ramisetty
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , 76344 , Germany
| | - Thomas Leisner
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , 76344 , Germany
- Institute of Environmental Physics , Heidelberg University , Heidelberg , 69120 , Germany
| | - Claudia Mohr
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry , Stockholm University , Stockholm , 11418 , Sweden
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Abstract
Amorphous solid water is probably the most abundant form of solid water in the universe. Its saturation vapor pressure and thermodynamic properties, however, are not well known. We have investigated the saturation vapor pressure over vapor-deposited amorphous ice at temperatures between 133 and 147 K using a novel experimental method. The new method determines the absolute vapor pressures and the sublimation rates by measuring the mass growth rates of ice-covered nanoparticles under supersaturated water vapor conditions. We find that the vapor pressure of amorphous solid water is up to a factor of 3 higher than that predicted by current parameterizations, which are based in part on calorimetric measurements. We demonstrate that the calorimetric measurements can be reconciled with our data by acknowledging the formation of nanocrystalline ice as an intermediate ice phase during the crystallization of amorphous ice. As a result, we propose a new value for the enthalpy of crystallization of amorphous solid water of Δ H = 2312 ± 227 J/mol, which is about 1000 J/mol higher than the current consensus. Our results shine a new light on the abundance of water ice clouds on Mars and mesospheric clouds on Earth and may alter our understanding of ice formation in the stratosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Nachbar
- Institute of Environmental Physics , University of Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 229 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology-KIT , P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Denis Duft
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology-KIT , P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Thomas Leisner
- Institute of Environmental Physics , University of Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 229 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology-KIT , P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe , Germany
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10
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Nachbar M, Duft D, Kiselev A, Leisner T. Composition, Mixing State and Water Affinity of Meteoric Smoke Analogue Nanoparticles Produced in a Non-Thermal Microwave Plasma Source. Z PHYS CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2017-1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The article reports on the composition, mixing state and water affinity of iron silicate particles which were produced in a non-thermal low-pressure microwave plasma reactor. The particles are intended to be used as meteoric smoke particle analogues. We used the organometallic precursors ferrocene (Fe(C5H5)2) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS, Si(OC2H5)4) in various mixing ratios to produce nanoparticles with radii between 1 nm and 4 nm. The nanoparticles were deposited on sample grids and their stoichiometric composition was analyzed in an electron microscope using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). We show that the pure silicon oxide and iron oxide particles consist of SiO2 and Fe2O3, respectively. For Fe:(Fe+Si) ratios between 0.2 and 0.8 our reactor produces (in contrast to other particle sources) mixed iron silicates with a stoichiometric composition according to FexSi(1−x)O3 (0≤x≤1). This indicates that the particles are formed by polymerization of FeO3 and SiO3 and that rearrangement to the more stable silicates ferrosilite (FeSiO3) and fayalite (Fe2SiO4) does not occur at these conditions. To investigate the internal mixing state of the particles, the H2O surface desorption energy of the particles was measured. We found that the nanoparticles are internally mixed and that differential coating resulting in a core-shell structure does not occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Nachbar
- Institute of Environmental Physics , University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology – KIT, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany , Tel.: +4972160829074
| | - Denis Duft
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology – KIT, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany
| | - Alexei Kiselev
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology – KIT, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany
| | - Thomas Leisner
- Institute of Environmental Physics , University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology – KIT, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany
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Peckhaus A, Kiselev A, Wagner R, Duft D, Leisner T. Temperature-dependent formation of NaCl dihydrate in levitated NaCl and sea salt aerosol particles. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:244503. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4972589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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12
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Kiselev A, Bachmann F, Pedevilla P, Cox SJ, Michaelides A, Gerthsen D, Leisner T. Active sites in heterogeneous ice nucleation—the example of K-rich feldspars. Science 2016; 355:367-371. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aai8034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Ice formation on aerosol particles is a process of crucial importance to Earth’s climate and the environmental sciences, but it is not understood at the molecular level. This is partly because the nature of active sites, local surface features where ice growth commences, is still unclear. Here we report direct electron-microscopic observations of deposition growth of aligned ice crystals on feldspar, an atmospherically important component of mineral dust. Our molecular-scale computer simulations indicate that this alignment arises from the preferential nucleation of prismatic crystal planes of ice on high-energy (100) surface planes of feldspar. The microscopic patches of (100) surface, exposed at surface defects such as steps, cracks, and cavities, are thought to be responsible for the high ice nucleation efficacy of potassium (K)–feldspar particles.
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Field PR, Lawson RP, Brown PRA, Lloyd G, Westbrook C, Moisseev D, Miltenberger A, Nenes A, Blyth A, Choularton T, Connolly P, Buehl J, Crosier J, Cui Z, Dearden C, DeMott P, Flossmann A, Heymsfield A, Huang Y, Kalesse H, Kanji ZA, Korolev A, Kirchgaessner A, Lasher-Trapp S, Leisner T, McFarquhar G, Phillips V, Stith J, Sullivan S. Chapter 7. Secondary Ice Production - current state of the science and recommendations for the future. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1175/amsmonographs-d-16-0014.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Matthews M, Pomel F, Wender C, Kiselev A, Duft D, Kasparian J, Wolf JP, Leisner T. Laser vaporization of cirrus-like ice particles with secondary ice multiplication. Sci Adv 2016; 2:e1501912. [PMID: 27386537 PMCID: PMC4928985 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the interaction of ultrashort laser filaments with individual 90-μm ice particles, representative of cirrus particles. The ice particles fragment under laser illumination. By monitoring the evolution of the corresponding ice/vapor system at up to 140,000 frames per second over 30 ms, we conclude that a shockwave vaporization supersaturates the neighboring region relative to ice, allowing the nucleation and growth of new ice particles, supported by laser-induced plasma photochemistry. This process constitutes the first direct observation of filament-induced secondary ice multiplication, a process that strongly modifies the particle size distribution and, thus, the albedo of typical cirrus clouds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Matthews
- Université de Genève, GAP-Biophotonics, Chemin de Pinchat 22, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - François Pomel
- Université de Genève, GAP-Biophotonics, Chemin de Pinchat 22, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Wender
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Alexei Kiselev
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Denis Duft
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jérôme Kasparian
- Université de Genève, GAP-Nonlinear, Chemin de Pinchat 22, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pierre Wolf
- Université de Genève, GAP-Biophotonics, Chemin de Pinchat 22, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Leisner
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Zawadowicz MA, Abdelmonem A, Mohr C, Saathoff H, Froyd KD, Murphy DM, Leisner T, Cziczo DJ. Single-Particle Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Utilizing a Femtosecond Desorption and Ionization Laser. Anal Chem 2015; 87:12221-9. [PMID: 26575413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Single-particle time-of-flight mass spectrometry has now been used since the 1990s to determine particle-to-particle variability and internal mixing state. Instruments commonly use 193 nm excimer or 266 nm frequency-quadrupled Nd:YAG lasers to ablate and ionize particles in a single step. We describe the use of a femtosecond laser system (800 nm wavelength, 100 fs pulse duration) in combination with an existing single-particle time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The goal of this project was to determine the suitability of a femtosecond laser for single-particle studies via direct comparison to the excimer laser (193 nm wavelength, ∼10 ns pulse duration) usually used with the instrument. Laser power, frequency, and polarization were varied to determine the effect on mass spectra. Atmospherically relevant materials that are often used in laboratory studies, ammonium nitrate and sodium chloride, were used for the aerosol. Detection of trace amounts of a heavy metal, lead, in an ammonium nitrate matrix was also investigated. The femtosecond ionization had a large air background not present with the 193 nm excimer and produced more multiply charged ions. Overall, we find that femtosecond laser ablation and ionization of aerosol particles is not radically different than that provided by a 193 nm excimer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Abdelmonem
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Claudia Mohr
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Harald Saathoff
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Karl D Froyd
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory , Boulder, Colorado 80305 United States.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309 United States
| | - Daniel M Murphy
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory , Boulder, Colorado 80305 United States
| | - Thomas Leisner
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Karlsruhe, Germany
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Panas A, Comouth A, Saathoff H, Leisner T, Al-Rawi M, Simon M, Seemann G, Dössel O, Mülhopt S, Paur HR, Fritsch-Decker S, Weiss C, Diabaté S. Silica nanoparticles are less toxic to human lung cells when deposited at the air-liquid interface compared to conventional submerged exposure. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2014; 5:1590-1602. [PMID: 25247141 PMCID: PMC4168966 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.5.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Investigations on adverse biological effects of nanoparticles (NPs) in the lung by in vitro studies are usually performed under submerged conditions where NPs are suspended in cell culture media. However, the behaviour of nanoparticles such as agglomeration and sedimentation in such complex suspensions is difficult to control and hence the deposited cellular dose often remains unknown. Moreover, the cellular responses to NPs under submerged culture conditions might differ from those observed at physiological settings at the air-liquid interface. RESULTS In order to avoid problems because of an altered behaviour of the nanoparticles in cell culture medium and to mimic a more realistic situation relevant for inhalation, human A549 lung epithelial cells were exposed to aerosols at the air-liquid interphase (ALI) by using the ALI deposition apparatus (ALIDA). The application of an electrostatic field allowed for particle deposition efficiencies that were higher by a factor of more than 20 compared to the unmodified VITROCELL deposition system. We studied two different amorphous silica nanoparticles (particles produced by flame synthesis and particles produced in suspension by the Stöber method). Aerosols with well-defined particle sizes and concentrations were generated by using a commercial electrospray generator or an atomizer. Only the electrospray method allowed for the generation of an aerosol containing monodisperse NPs. However, the deposited mass and surface dose of the particles was too low to induce cellular responses. Therefore, we generated the aerosol with an atomizer which supplied agglomerates and thus allowed a particle deposition with a three orders of magnitude higher mass and of surface doses on lung cells that induced significant biological effects. The deposited dose was estimated and independently validated by measurements using either transmission electron microscopy or, in case of labelled NPs, by fluorescence analyses. Surprisingly, cells exposed at the ALI were less sensitive to silica NPs as evidenced by reduced cytotoxicity and inflammatory responses. CONCLUSION Amorphous silica NPs induced qualitatively similar cellular responses under submerged conditions and at the ALI. However, submerged exposure to NPs triggers stronger effects at much lower cellular doses. Hence, more studies are warranted to decipher whether cells at the ALI are in general less vulnerable to NPs or specific NPs show different activities dependent on the exposure method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Panas
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Andreas Comouth
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Harald Saathoff
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Thomas Leisner
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Marco Al-Rawi
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Michael Simon
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus South, Kaiserstraße 12, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gunnar Seemann
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus South, Kaiserstraße 12, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Olaf Dössel
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus South, Kaiserstraße 12, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sonja Mülhopt
- Institute for Technical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Hanns-Rudolf Paur
- Institute for Technical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Susanne Fritsch-Decker
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Carsten Weiss
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Silvia Diabaté
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Hoffmann N, Duft D, Kiselev A, Leisner T. Contact freezing efficiency of mineral dust aerosols studied in an electrodynamic balance: quantitative size and temperature dependence for illite particles. Faraday Discuss 2013; 165:383-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fd00033h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rzesanke D, Nadolny J, Duft D, Müller R, Kiselev A, Leisner T. On the role of surface charges for homogeneous freezing of supercooled water microdroplets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:9359-63. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23653b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
ABSTRACTWe observe thermionic emission from tungsten clusters Wn, n ≥ 5, following excitation by a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. The ion yield from this process dominates over prompt ionization if the laser fluence is chosen properly. Clusters originating from thermionic emission are significantly colder than expected if evaporative cooling would prevail.
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Meinen J, Khasminskaya S, Eritt M, Leisner T, Antonsson E, Langer B, Rühl E. Core level photoionization on free sub-10-nm nanoparticles using synchrotron radiation. Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:085107. [PMID: 20815628 DOI: 10.1063/1.3475154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A novel instrument is presented, which permits studies on singly charged free nanoparticles in the diameter range from 1 to 30 nm using synchrotron radiation in the soft x-ray regime. It consists of a high pressure nanoparticle source, a high efficiency nanoparticle beam inlet, and an electron time-of-flight spectrometer suitable for probing surface and bulk properties of free, levitated nanoparticles. We show results from x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study near the Si L(3,2)-edge on 8.2 nm SiO(2) particles prepared in a nanoparticle beam. The possible use of this apparatus regarding chemical reactions on the surface of nanometer-sized particles is highlighted. This approach has the potential to be exploited for process studies on heterogeneous atmospheric chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Meinen
- Institute for Environmental Physics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Krämer B, Schwell M, Hübner O, Vortisch H, Leisner T, Rühl E, Baumgärtel H, Wöste L. Homogeneous ice nucleation observed in single levitated micro droplets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19961001120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Weidinger I, Klein J, Stöckel P, Biller E, Baumgärtel H, Leisner T. The Freezing of n-Alkanes C15H32 and C17H36: An Unsual Mechanism of Homogeneous Nucleation. Z PHYS CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.217.12.1597.20473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The nucleation kinetics of n-alkane droplets with carbon numbers of 15 and 17 was observed in an electrodynamic balance. Changes in the elastic light scattering pattern of the single levitated microdroplets indicate the phase transition liquid to solid. Measurements of the nucleation rates gave information on the dynamics of the nucleation process and allow to propose a new mechanism for the nucleation. Large induction times observed for the C15H32 droplets indicate that the nucleation starts after a solid layer has been built up at the surface.
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Wagner R, Benz S, Bunz H, Möhler O, Saathoff H, Schnaiter M, Leisner T, Ebert V. Infrared Optical Constants of Highly Diluted Sulfuric Acid Solution Droplets at Cirrus Temperatures. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:11661-76. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8066102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wagner
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-AAF), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefan Benz
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-AAF), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Helmut Bunz
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-AAF), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ottmar Möhler
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-AAF), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Harald Saathoff
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-AAF), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Martin Schnaiter
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-AAF), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thomas Leisner
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-AAF), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Volker Ebert
- University of Heidelberg, Physical Chemistry Institute, Heidelberg, Germany
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Giglio E, Gervais B, Rangama J, Manil B, Huber BA, Duft D, Müller R, Leisner T, Guet C. Shape deformations of surface-charged microdroplets. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2008; 77:036319. [PMID: 18517523 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.77.036319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2007] [Revised: 12/18/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We present the deformation pathway of critically charged glycol and water droplets from the onset of the Rayleigh instability and compare it to numerical results, obtained for perfectly conducting inviscid droplets. In this simple model presented here, the time evolution of the droplet shape is given by the velocity potential equation. The Laplace equation for the velocity potential is solved by expanding the potential onto harmonic functions. For the part of the pathway dominated by electrostatic pressure, the calculations reproduce the experimental data nicely, obtained for both, glycol and water microdroplets. We find that the droplet shape and in particular the tips, just before charge emission, are well fitted by a lemon shape. We stress that the tip is tangent to a cone of 39 degrees and thus significantly narrower than a Taylor cone.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Giglio
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche Ions Lasers (CIRIL), CEA-CNRS-ENSICAEN, Caen, France
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Bresch H, Wassermann B, Langer B, Graf C, Flesch R, Becker U, Österreicher B, Leisner T, Rühl E. Elastic light scattering from free sub-micron particles in the soft X-ray regime. Faraday Discuss 2008; 137:389-402; discussion 403-24. [DOI: 10.1039/b702630g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wagner R, Benz S, Möhler O, Saathoff H, Schnaiter M, Leisner T. Influence of Particle Aspect Ratio on the Midinfrared Extinction Spectra of Wavelength-Sized Ice Crystals. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:13003-22. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0741713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wagner
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefan Benz
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ottmar Möhler
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Harald Saathoff
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Martin Schnaiter
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thomas Leisner
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Abstract
Rates of homogeneous nucleation of H2O droplets in a temperature range from 236.37 to 237.91 K and of D2O droplets from 241.34 to 242.33 K were measured. The single microdroplets consisted of pure H2O or D2O and were levitated in an electrodynamic balance. In comparison to H2O, D2O shows a stronger tendency to nucleate. Over the investigated temperature interval, D2O droplets need to be supercooled less by 1.1 K compared to H2O droplets in order to arrive at the same nucleation rate. This is in good agreement with the higher degree of intermolecular association in liquid D2O, a fact which has been well established previously both from theory and experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Stöckel
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Binger Str. 173, 55216 Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany.
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Lindinger A, Hagen J, Socaciu LD, Bernhardt TM, Wöste L, Duft D, Leisner T. Time-resolved explosion dynamics of H2O droplets induced by femtosecond laser pulses. Appl Opt 2004; 43:5263-5269. [PMID: 15473248 DOI: 10.1364/ao.43.005263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Series of time-resolved still images of the explosion dynamics of micrometer-sized water droplets after femtosecond laser-pulse irradiation were obtained for different laser-pulse intensities. Amplified pulses centered around a wavelength of 805 nm with 1-mJ energy and 60-fs duration were focused onto the droplet to initiate the dynamics. Several effects, such as forward and backward plumes, jets, water films, and shock waves, were investigated. Additionally, the influence of different pulse durations produced by chirping the laser pulses was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albrecht Lindinger
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimalle 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Weidinger
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - J. Klein
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - P. Stöckel
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - H. Baumgärtel
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - T. Leisner
- Institut für Physik, TU Ilmenau, Postfach 100565, 98684 Ilmenau, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Duft
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Postfach 100565, 98684 Ilmenau, Germany
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Duft D, Lebius H, Huber BA, Guet C, Leisner T. Shape oscillations and stability of charged microdroplets. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 89:084503. [PMID: 12190473 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.084503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2002] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Classical Rayleigh theory predicts an instability of a surface charged liquid sphere, when the Coulomb energy E(C) exceeds twice the surface energy E(S). Previously, electrified liquid droplets have been found to disintegrate at a fissility X=E(C)/2E(S) well below one, however. We determine the stability of charged droplets in an electrodynamic levitator by observing the amplitude and phase of their quadrupolar shape oscillations as a function of the fissility. With this novel approach, which does not rely on an independent determination of the charge and surface tension of the droplets, we are able to confirm for the first time the Rayleigh limit of stability at X=1 for micrometer sized droplets of ethylene glycol.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Duft
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche Ions Lasers - CEA-CNRS-ISMRA, CIRIL, rue Claude Bloch, BP 5133, F-14070 Caen Cedex 5, France
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Vajda Š, Bartelt A, Kaposta EC, Leisner T, Lupulescu C, Minemoto S, Rosendo-Francisco P, Wöste L. Feedback optimization of shaped femtosecond laser pulses for controlling the wavepacket dynamics and reactivity of mixed alkaline clusters. Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(01)00275-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Schwell M, Baumgärtel H, Weidinger I, Krämer B, Vortisch H, Wöste L, Leisner T, Rühl E. Uptake Dynamics and Diffusion of HCl in Sulfuric Acid Solution Measured in Single Levitated Microdroplets. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp994200c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - E. Rühl
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 7, D-49069 Osnabrück, Germany
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Vortisch H, Krämer B, Weidinger I, Wöste L, Leisner T, Schwell M, Baumgärtel H, Rühl E. Homogeneous freezing nucleation rates and crystallization dynamics of single levitated sulfuric acid solution droplets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1039/a908225e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Krämer B, Hübner O, Vortisch H, Wöste L, Leisner T, Schwell M, Rühl E, Baumgärtel H. Homogeneous nucleation rates of supercooled water measured in single levitated microdroplets. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.479946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Leisner T, Vajda S, Wolf S, Wöste L, Berry RS. The relaxation from linear to triangular Ag3 probed by femtosecond resonant two-photon ionization. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.479382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Vajda Š, Wolf S, Leisner T, Busolt U, Wöste LH, Wales DJ. Reactions of size-selected positively charged nickel clusters with carbon monoxide in molecular beams. J Chem Phys 1997. [DOI: 10.1063/1.474688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Wolf S, Sommerer G, Rutz S, Schreiber E, Leisner T, Wöste L, Berry RS. Spectroscopy of size-selected neutral clusters: Femtosecond evolution of neutral silver trimers. Phys Rev Lett 1995; 74:4177-4180. [PMID: 10058435 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.74.4177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Leisner T, Athanassenas K, Kreisle D, Recknagel E, Echt O. Thermionic emission from free, photoexcited tungsten clusters. J Chem Phys 1993. [DOI: 10.1063/1.465500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Weidele H, Frenzel U, Leisner T, Kreisle D. Production of ?cold/hot? metal cluster ions: a modified laser vaporization source. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01544024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kandler O, Athanassenas K, Echt O, Kreisle D, Leisner T, Recknagel E. Electronic shell structure in multiply charged silver clusters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01448278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Miehle W, Kandler O, Leisner T, Echt O. Mass spectrometric evidence for icosahedral structure in large rare gas clusters: Ar, Kr, Xe. J Chem Phys 1989. [DOI: 10.1063/1.457464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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