1
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Cummings E, Karadakov PB. Aromaticity in the Electronic Ground and Lowest Triplet States of Molecules with Fused Thiophene Rings. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303724. [PMID: 38038597 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of the variations of the off-nucleus isotropic magnetic shielding, σiso(r), around thiophene, thienothiophenes, dithienothiophenes and sulflowers in their electronic ground (S0) and lowest triplet (T1) states reveals that some of the features of aromaticity and bonding in these molecules do not fit in with predictions based on the popular Hückel's and Baird's rules. Despite having 4n π electrons, the S0 states of the sulflowers are shown to be aromatic, due to the local aromaticities of the individual thiophene rings. To reduce its T1 antiaromaticity, the geometry of thiophene changes considerably between S0 and T1: In addition to losing planarity, the carbon-carbon two 'double' and one 'single' bonds in S0 turn into two 'single' and one 'double' bonds in T1. Well-defined Baird-style aromaticity reversals are observed between the S0 and T1 states of only three of the twelve thiophene-based compounds investigated in this work, in contrast, the sulflower with six thiophene rings which is weakly aromatic in S0 becomes more aromatic in T1. The results suggest that the change in aromaticity between the S0 and T1 states in longer chains of fused rings is likely to affect mostly the central ring (or the pair of central rings); rings sufficiently far away from the central ring(s) can retain aromatic character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Cummings
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Peter B Karadakov
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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2
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Fowler PW, Anstöter CS. Tuning (Anti)Aromaticity: Variations on the [8]-Circulene Framework. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300791. [PMID: 38279875 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Optoelectronic properties of organic molecules are underpinned by delocalisation and delocalisability of π-electrons. These properties are sensitive to small changes in electron count, whether achieved by heteroatom substitution or redox chemistry. One measure of the delocalisability of π-electrons is the current induced by an external magnetic field, which is diagnostic of (anti)aromaticity. The ab initio ipsocentric method is used here to model diverse ring-current patterns in the family of [8]-circulenes based on tetracyclopenta[def,jkl,pqr,vwx]tetraphenylene (TCPTP), in different charge states, with disjoint hetero-atom substitution, and with CC units systematically replaced by BN pairs. Maps calculated at the CHF/CTOCD-DZ2/6-31G** level reveal that these modifications of the TCPTP framework access the full range of possibilities for current from concentric global circulations (typically counter rotating) to full (non-aromatic) localisation. In the ipsocentric approach, induced current density is partitioned into robust orbital contributions that obey selection rules based on orbital symmetry, energy and nodal character. The selection rules are applied here to interpret current-density and exploit insights gained from simpler models to suggest design strategies for fine-tuning of π-delocalisability (aromaticity and antiaromaticity) in macrocyclic frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W Fowler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Cate S Anstöter
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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3
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Yu X, Wu P, Yuan Q, Yan C, Li D, Cheng L. Unraveling the Aromatic Rule of Cyclic Superatomic Molecules in π-Conjugated Compounds. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:7487-7495. [PMID: 37669444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c03872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The aromaticity of π-conjugated compounds has long been a confusing issue. Based on a recently emerged two-dimensional (2D) superatomic-molecule theory, a unified rule was built to decipher the aromaticity of cyclic superatomic molecules of π-conjugated compounds from the chemical bonding perspective. Herein, a series of planar [n]helicenes and [n]circulenes, composed of benzene, thiophene, or furfuran, are systemically studied and seen as superatomic molecules ◊On-2◊F2 or ◊On, where superatoms ◊F and ◊O denote π-conjugated units with 5 and 4 π electrons, respectively. The ascertained superatomic Lewis structures intuitively display aromaticity with each basic unit meeting the superatomic sextet rule of benzene, similar to classical valence bond theory, which is favored by the synthesized complex π-conjugated compounds comprising different numbers and kinds of subrings. The evolutionary trend of ring currents and chemical bonding suggests a local ribbon-like aromaticity in these π-conjugated compounds. Moreover, nonplanar helical π-conjugated compounds have the potential to evolve into spring-like periodic materials with excellent physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Panpan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Qinqin Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Chen Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Longjiu Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei 230601, China
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4
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Karaush-Karmazin N, Baryshnikov G, Minaeva V, Panchenko O, Minaev B. IR, UV-Visible, NMR Spectra And Aromaticity Of The Covalent Organic TetraoxaCirculene Frameworks. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Protonation‐Induced Antiaromaticity in Octaaza[8]circulenes: Cyclooctatetraene Scaffolds Constrained with Four Amidine Moieties. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200244. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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6
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Morimoto Y, Koo YH, Otsubo K, Kitakado H, Seki S, Osuka A, Tanaka T. Dibenzodiazapyracylenes: Doubly N‐Doped Cyclopenta‐Fused Polycyclic Molecules That Exhibit High Carrier Mobility. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200341. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Morimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Yun Hee Koo
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Kazuya Otsubo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Hidetsugu Kitakado
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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7
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Tanaka T. Synthesis of Novel Heteronanographenes via Fold-in Approach. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20220030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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8
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Morimoto Y, Koo YH, Otsubo K, Kitakado H, Seki S, Osuka A, Tanaka T. Dibenzodiazapyracylenes: Doubly N‐Doped Cyclopenta‐fused Polycyclic Molecules That Exhibit High Carrier Mobility. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yun Hee Koo
- Kyoto University: Kyoto Daigaku Molecular Engineering JAPAN
| | | | | | - Shu Seki
- Kyoto University: Kyoto Daigaku Molecular Engineering JAPAN
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9
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Hashimoto S, Kishi R, Tahara K. Theoretical study on the structures, electronic properties, and aromaticity of thia[4]circulenes. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj04359a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The structures, electronic properties, and aromaticity of a series of thia[4]circulenes are predicted using quantum chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Hashimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Ryohei Kishi
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering Science, and Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry (RCSEC), Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology (QIQB), Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazukuni Tahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
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10
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Petrov NG, Chartier P, Maris T, Wuest JD. Designing Tetraoxa[8]circulenes To Serve as Hosts and Sensors. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 144:556-572. [PMID: 34941250 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In D4-symmetric tetraoxa[8]circulenes, alternating fused benzene and furan rings form an octagonal array. These compounds are little known despite their novel properties, which include extended planar π-conjugation and a formally antiaromatic cyclooctatetraene core. Tetraoxa[8]circulenes can be formed by acid-induced cyclocondensations of suitable quinones, but existing methods often give very low yields. In addition, π-stacking of simple tetraoxa[8]circulenes reduces solubility and limits opportunities to form homogeneous mixtures or cocrystals with other compounds. To help make tetraoxa[8]circulenes more useful, we have developed better ways to synthesize them, and we have used these methods to produce awkwardly shaped derivatives with large concave electron-rich aromatic surfaces. These compounds crystallize to form open structures that can accommodate various guests, including C60. Analysis of the structures shows that the cyclooctatetraene core of the hosts exhibits surprising variations in C-C bond lengths and conjugation, which appear to be related to the gain or loss of aromaticity. This allows tetraoxa[8]circulenes to serve as sensitive probes of local molecular environment and to be used as sensors of electron-deficient species such as nitroaromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nino G Petrov
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Patrick Chartier
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Thierry Maris
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - James D Wuest
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2V 0B3, Canada
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11
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Abstract
This review summarizes the results on the aromaticity of a series of synthesized and hypothetical neutral heterocirculene molecules and their double charged ions. The aromaticity of heterocirculenes is a direct reflection of their electronic structure responsible for the specific optoelectronic and photophysical properties. We show how the presence of a heteroatom in the outer macrocycle affects the aromaticity of hetero[8]circulenes. In addition, we also describe the change in aromaticity and strain energy for a series of the “lower” (n < 8) and “higher” (n > 8) hetero[n]circulenes. It was demonstrated that the loss of planarity with increased strain leads to an increased antiaromaticity of the lower hetero[n]circulenes, whereas higher hetero[n]circulenes demonstrate a more pronounced aromatic nature because of the small departure from planarity of each heteroarene ring in hetero[n]circulene molecule. Finally, we discuss the aromatic nature of the first examples of π-extended hetero[8]circulenes.
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12
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Nguyen LH. A Computational Study of the Electronic Properties of Heterocirculenes: Oxiflowers and Sulflowers. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:30085-30092. [PMID: 34778680 PMCID: PMC8582269 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship of electronic properties with some structural parameters of two circulene classes: Sulflowers and Oxiflowers. It is found that correlations between the HOMO-LUMO gap and some electronic properties of these circulenes are opposite to those of linear conjugated structures. Moreover, a new hybrid molecule, called an Oxisulflower, is proposed to be a potential structure for synthesizing as Sulflower. Also, a brand-new descriptor, namely, the "degree of non-planarity", is evaluated with excellent correlations with the HOMO-LUMO gap of molecules in Oxiflower and Sulflower classes. The correlations have also shown that the steric characteristic of a structure can be controlled to modulate its band gap for studying the prediction science of the electronic properties in developing organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lam H. Nguyen
- Institute
for Computational Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Faculty
of Chemistry, VNUHCM-University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
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13
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Pedersen SK, Pedersen VBR, Kamounah FS, Broløs LM, Baryshnikov GV, Valiev RR, Ivaniuk K, Stakhira P, Minaev B, Karaush-Karmazin N, Ågren H, Pittelkow M. Dianthracenylazatrioxa[8]circulene: Synthesis, Characterization and Application in OLEDs. Chemistry 2021; 27:11609-11617. [PMID: 33899273 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A soluble, green-blue fluorescent, π-extended azatrioxa[8]circulene was synthesized by oxidative condensation of a 3,6-dihydroxycarbazole and 1,4-anthraquinone by using benzofuran scaffolding. This is the first circulene to incorporate anthracene within its carbon framework. Solvent-dependent fluorescence and bright green electroluminescence accompanied by excimer emission are the key optical properties of this material. The presence of sliding π-stacked columns in the single crystal of dianthracenylazatrioxa[8]circulene is found to cause a very high electron-hopping rate, thus making this material a promising n-type organic semiconductor with an electron mobility predicted to be around 2.26 cm2 V-1 s-1 . The best organic light-emitting diode (OLED) device based on the dianthracenylazatrioxa[8]circulene fluorescent emitter has a brightness of around 16 000 Cd m-2 and an external quantum efficiency of 3.3 %. Quantum dot-based OLEDs were fabricated by using dianthracenylazatrioxa[8]circulene as a host matrix material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan K Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Viktor B R Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Fadhil S Kamounah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Line M Broløs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Glib V Baryshnikov
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden.,Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Rashid R Valiev
- Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtanens plats 1), 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Khrystyna Ivaniuk
- Lviv Polytechnic National University S. Bandera 12, 79013, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Pavlo Stakhira
- Lviv Polytechnic National University S. Bandera 12, 79013, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Boris Minaev
- Department of Chemistry and Nanomaterials Science, Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University, 18031, Cherkasy, Ukraine
| | - Nataliya Karaush-Karmazin
- Department of Chemistry and Nanomaterials Science, Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University, 18031, Cherkasy, Ukraine
| | - Hans Ågren
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, P.R. China.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Pittelkow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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14
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Patra SG, Mondal T. Interplay of Hückel and Möbius Aromaticity in Metal-Metal Quintuple Bonded Complexes of Cr, Mo, and W with Amidinate Ligand: Ab initio DFT and Multireference Analysis*. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:298-311. [PMID: 33252161 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The aromaticity of metal-metal quintuple bonded complexes of the type M2 L2 (M=Cr, Mo, and W; L=amidinate) are studied employing gauge including magnetically induced ring current (GIMIC) analysis and electron density of delocalized bonds (EDDB). It is found that the complexes possess two types of aromaticity: i) Hückel aromaticity through delocalization of ligand π electrons with metal-metal δ-bond-forming 6 conjugated electrons (4π and 2δ) ring; ii) Craig-Möbius aromaticity through delocalization of π electrons of both the ligands with metal d-orbitals in Craig type orientation forming 10π electrons ring with a double twist. Extended transition state natural orbital chemical valence (ETS-NOCV) and canonical molecular orbital natural chemical shielding (CMO-NCS) analysis confirm the Craig-Möbius type arrangement of the orbitals. Furthermore, the unprecedented Hückel and Möbius type aromaticity is confirmed from the plot of the current pathways using 3D line integral convolution (3D-LIC) plots. The metal-metal bond order also increases down the group as justified from the complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) analysis. Due to an increase in the π and δ electron conjugation, both the Hückel and Möbius aromaticity increase down the group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanti G Patra
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, 40700, Israel
| | - Totan Mondal
- Department of Organic Chemistry and the, Lise Meitner-Minerva Centre for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
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15
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Tanaka T. Synthesis and Properties of Tetraaza[8]circulene and its Analogs. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2020. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.78.683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University
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16
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Matsuo Y, Tanaka T, Osuka A. Highly Stable Radical Cations of N,N'-Diarylated Tetrabenzotetraaza[8]circulene. Chemistry 2020; 26:8144-8152. [PMID: 32342540 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
N,N'-Diarylated tetrabenzotetraaza[8]circulenes 3 a and 3 b were synthesized in good yields by a reaction sequence involving oxidation of tetrabenzodiazadithia[8]circulene 5-Oct and SN Ar reaction with aniline derivatives. The obtained aza[8]circulenes 3 a and 3 b were easily oxidized to give their radical cations 3 a+ and 3 b+ , which are highly stable under ambient conditions. X-ray diffraction analysis of radical cation 3 a+ showed a face-to-face dimer arrangement with an interplanar separation of 3.320 Å. The spin density of 3 a+ was calculated to be delocalized over the whole circulene π-systems with spin-spin exchange integral (J=-144 cm-1 ) in the dimeric part. These radical cations displayed far red-shifted absorption bands reaching to 2000 nm. Thus this study has proved the hetero[8]circulene scaffold to be a new entry of promising electronics and spin materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Matsuo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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17
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Nakamura K, Li QQ, Krejčí O, Foster AS, Sun K, Kawai S, Ito S. On-Surface Synthesis of a π-Extended Diaza[8]circulene. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11363-11369. [PMID: 32413264 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Heterocyclic [8]circulenes are an important class of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules because of their unique structural properties and promising applications. However, the synthesis of heterocyclic [8]circulenes is still limited and thus is an important synthetic challenge. Here we describe the first example of a π-extended diaza[8]circulene surrounded by and fused with six hexagons and two pentagons, which was successfully synthesized only by a combined in-solution and on-surface synthetic strategy. State-of-the-art scanning tunneling microscopy with a CO-functionalized tip and density functional theory calculations revealed its planar conformation and unique electronic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimihiro Nakamura
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Qiang-Qiang Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Ondřej Krejčí
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Aalto 00076, Finland
| | - Adam S Foster
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Aalto 00076, Finland.,WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kewei Sun
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kawai
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Shingo Ito
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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18
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Effect of heteroatoms on aromaticity analyzed by geometric, magnetic, and electronic criteria. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Lousen B, Pedersen SK, Bols P, Hansen KH, Pedersen MR, Hammerich O, Bondarchuk S, Minaev B, Baryshnikov GV, Ågren H, Pittelkow M. Compressing a Non‐Planar Aromatic Heterocyclic [7]Helicene to a Planar Hetero[8]Circulene. Chemistry 2020; 26:4935-4940. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bodil Lousen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Stephan K. Pedersen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Pernille Bols
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Kasper H. Hansen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Michelle R. Pedersen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Ole Hammerich
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Sergey Bondarchuk
- Department of Chemistry and Nanomaterials ScienceBohdan Khmelnytsky National University 18031 Cherkasy Ukraine
| | - Boris Minaev
- Department of Chemistry and Nanomaterials ScienceBohdan Khmelnytsky National University 18031 Cherkasy Ukraine
| | - Glib V. Baryshnikov
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and BiologySchool of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and HealthKTH Royal Institute of Technology 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Hans Ågren
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and BiologySchool of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and HealthKTH Royal Institute of Technology 10691 Stockholm Sweden
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHenan University Kaifeng Henan 475004 P. R. China
| | - Michael Pittelkow
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
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20
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Hamaoka H, Shiroma S, Aburaya K, Hasegawa M, Nishinaga T. Oxidation of a Dithieno[3,4-b:3',4'-d]thiophene Cyclic Dimer Containing a Planar Cyclooctatetraene Ring: Retention of High Antiaromaticity During Reactions. Chempluschem 2020; 84:704-711. [PMID: 31944031 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
One-electron and peracid oxidations of dithieno[3,4-b : 3',4'-d]thiophene cyclic dimer, which contains an antiaromatic planar cyclooctatetraene (COT) core, were conducted. The reaction of the cyclic dimer with SbCl5 produced isolable radical cation salts. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that the spin density of the radical cation resides not on the COT ring but on the peripheral sulfur and carbon atoms in the thiophene unit with retention of high antiaromaticity based on the nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS). The peracid oxidation of the cyclic dimer was found to proceed not on the COT ring but on the bridging sulfur atom in the dithienothiophene moiety. The retention of the high antiaromaticity of the COT ring after the sulfoxide formation was experimentally confirmed based on the relative hardness, and also was theoretically supported by NICS calculations. Interestingly, the DFT calculations suggested that the high antiaromaticity does not enhance the reactivity towards the epoxidation on the COT ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hinako Hamaoka
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Shun Shiroma
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Aburaya
- Rigaku Corporation 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akishima, Tokyo, 196-8666, Japan
| | - Masashi Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, Kitasato University 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Tohru Nishinaga
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
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21
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Miyake Y, Shinokubo H. Hetero[8]circulenes: synthetic progress and intrinsic properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:15605-15614. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06495e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic route for hetero[8]circulenes are classified into the annulative construction of eight-membered ring and the peripheral ring fusion of eight-membered ring. Post-transformation enables the tuning of structural features and electronic nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Miyake
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8603
- Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8603
- Japan
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22
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Valiev R. Competition between the nonadiabatic electronic state-mixing and the Herzberg-Teller vibronic effects in fluorescence process of tetraoxa[8]circulene. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.136914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Zhang Q, Cao Z. Persulfurated Coronene and Its Chalcogenide Analogues: Insight into Effects of Peripheral Substitution. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:10273-10280. [PMID: 31692345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b08401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT methods have been used to investigate the persulfurated coronene (PSC) and its chalcogenide analogues (POC and PSeC), derived from the substitution of sulfur, oxygen, and selenium for all hydrogen atoms in coronene, respectively. The presence of peripheral S-S in PSC results in a σ-type lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and the dark low-lying states (S1 ∼ S15). The peripheral S-S bond is responsible for its electron capture, which maintains a planar configuration of the singly and doubly negative-charged PSC. POC is predicted to have the most stable saddle-shaped structure with the C═O group, and its bowl-shaped isomer with the O-O moiety is less stable by 279.2 kcal/mol energetically. PSeC has similar electronic and structural features with PSC, but its dimer is predicted to have much better hole mobility, compared to PSC. The present results indicate that the chalcogenide substitution at the periphery of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons may remarkably change their electronic and spectroscopic properties as well as the carrier transport behavior of their molecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , Fujian 360015 , China
| | - Zexing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , Fujian 360015 , China
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24
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Kato S, Akahori S, Serizawa Y, Lin X, Yamauchi M, Yagai S, Sakurai T, Matsuda W, Seki S, Shinokubo H, Miyake Y. Systematic Synthesis of Tetrathia[8]circulenes: The Influence of Peripheral Substituents on the Structures and Properties in Solution and Solid States. J Org Chem 2019; 85:62-69. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Kato
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shuhei Akahori
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yuma Serizawa
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Xu Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Yamauchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Shiki Yagai
- Institute for Global Prominent Research (IGPR), Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Tsuneaki Sakurai
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Wakana Matsuda
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyake
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
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25
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Barquera‐Lozada JE. Vorticity: Simplifying the analysis of the current density. J Comput Chem 2019; 40:2602-2610. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José E. Barquera‐Lozada
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán Ciudad de México 04510 Mexico
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26
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Schneeweis APW, Hauer ST, Reiss GJ, Müller TJJ. Bis[1]benzothieno[1,4]thiazines: Planarity, Enhanced Redox Activity and Luminescence by Thieno-Expansion of Phenothiazine. Chemistry 2019; 25:3582-3590. [PMID: 30557458 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Twofold Buchwald-Hartwig aminations selectively furnish three regioisomers of bis[1]benzothieno[1,4]thiazines; X-ray structure analyses and DFT calculations were corroborated for correlation of their electronic properties. All regioisomers outscore the parent compound phenothiazine with respect to a low-lying oxidation potential and reversible redox activity. The anti-anti bis[1]benzothieno[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]thiazines possess the lowest oxidation potentials in this series and displayed pronounced green luminescence in solution (ΦF ≈20 %) and in the solid state. Syn-anti regioisomers were only weakly luminescent in solution, but showed aggregation-induced emission enhancement and solid-state luminescence. Most interestingly, X-ray structure analyses revealed that anti-anti derivatives have an amazingly coplanar structure of the pentacyclic anellated 1,4-thiazine system, emphasizing a structural similarity to heteroacenes. The calculated theoretical nucleus-independent chemical shifts additionally suggested that these 8π-electron core systems can be considered as the first electronically unbiased anellated 1,4-thiazines with antiaromatic character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arno P W Schneeweis
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Simone T Hauer
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Guido J Reiss
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas J J Müller
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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27
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Baryshnikov GV, Valiev RR, Cherepanov VN, Karaush-Karmazin NN, Minaeva VA, Minaev BF, Ågren H. Aromaticity and photophysics of tetrasila- and tetragerma-annelated tetrathienylenes as new representatives of the hetero[8]circulene family. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:9246-9254. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01608b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The electronic structure, absorption and emission spectra, aromaticity and photophysical behavior of the recently synthesized tetrasilatetrathia[8]circulene and tetragermatetrathia[8]circulene compounds have been studied computationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. V. Baryshnikov
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry
- Biotechnology and Health
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- Stockholm
| | - R. R. Valiev
- Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University
- Tomsk 634050
- Russia
- Department of Chemistry
| | | | - N. N. Karaush-Karmazin
- Department of Chemistry and Nanomaterials Science
- Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University
- Cherkasy
- Ukraine
| | - V. A. Minaeva
- Department of Chemistry and Nanomaterials Science
- Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University
- Cherkasy
- Ukraine
| | - B. F. Minaev
- Department of Chemistry and Nanomaterials Science
- Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University
- Cherkasy
- Ukraine
| | - H. Ågren
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry
- Biotechnology and Health
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- Stockholm
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28
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Karaush-Karmazin NN, Baryshnikov GV, Valiulina LI, Valiev R, Ågren H, Minaev BF. Impact of heteroatoms (S, Se, and Te) on the aromaticity of heterocirculenes. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj02468a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Computations reveal the structural and energetic aspects of aromaticity in heterocirculenes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gleb V. Baryshnikov
- Department of Chemistry and Nanomaterials Science
- Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University
- Cherkasy
- Ukraine
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry
| | | | - Rashid Valiev
- Tomsk Polytechnic University
- 634050 Tomsk
- Russia
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research
- Faculty of Science
| | - Hans Ågren
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry
- Biotechnology and Health
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- 10691 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Boris F. Minaev
- Department of Chemistry and Nanomaterials Science
- Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University
- Cherkasy
- Ukraine
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29
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Valiev RR, Baryshnikov GV, Sundholm D. Relations between the aromaticity and magnetic dipole transitions in the electronic spectra of hetero[8]circulenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:30239-30246. [PMID: 30474088 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05694c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnetically induced current densities have been calculated at the second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) level for seven hetero[8]circulenes and their dicationic and dianionic forms. Calculations of the magnetic dipole transition moments have also been carried out at the algebraic diagrammatic construction (ADC(2)) and the second-order approximate coupled-cluster (CC2) levels. The calculations show that the degree of aromaticity and the size of the magnetic dipole transition moment of the lowest magnetic-dipole allowed excited state are related. We show that neutral hetero[8]circulenes are weakly antiaromatic when the first excited state with a large magnetic dipole transition moment of 10-16 a.u. lies at high energies (∼2.8-3.5 eV). For the dications, this transition often lies at much lower energies. Hetero[8]circulene dications with large magnetic dipole transition moments are strongly antiaromatic. The lowest excited states of the hetero[8]circulene dianions have very small magnetic dipole transition moments implying that they are aromatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Valiev
- Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Avenue, 634050, Tomsk, Russian Federation.
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30
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Janosik T, Rannug A, Rannug U, Wahlström N, Slätt J, Bergman J. Chemistry and Properties of Indolocarbazoles. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9058-9128. [PMID: 30191712 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The indolocarbazoles are an important class of nitrogen heterocycles which has evolved significantly in recent years, with numerous studies focusing on their diverse biological effects, or targeting new materials with potential applications in organic electronics. This review aims at providing a broad survey of the chemistry and properties of indolocarbazoles from an interdisciplinary point of view, with particular emphasis on practical synthetic aspects, as well as certain topics which have not been previously accounted for in detail, such as the occurrence, formation, biological activities, and metabolism of indolo[3,2- b]carbazoles. The literature of the past decade forms the basis of the text, which is further supplemented with older key references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Janosik
- Research Institutes of Sweden , Bioscience and Materials, RISE Surface, Process and Formulation , SE-151 36 Södertälje , Sweden
| | - Agneta Rannug
- Institute of Environmental Medicine , Karolinska Institutet , SE-171 77 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Ulf Rannug
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute , Stockholm University , SE-106 91 Stockholm , Sweden
| | | | - Johnny Slätt
- Department of Chemistry, Applied Physical Chemistry , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Jan Bergman
- Karolinska Institutet , Department of Biosciences and Nutrition , SE-141 83 Huddinge , Sweden
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31
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Understanding the structure, reactivity and absorption spectra of borazine doped pillar[5]arene: A DFT study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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32
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Liu C, Sandoval-Salinas ME, Hong Y, Gopalakrishna TY, Phan H, Aratani N, Herng TS, Ding J, Yamada H, Kim D, Casanova D, Wu J. Macrocyclic Polyradicaloids with Unusual Super-ring Structure and Global Aromaticity. Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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33
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Abdukadir A, Mattursun A, Kerim A, Omar K, Hushur L. A study of the aromaticity of heteroannelated cyclooctatetraene derivatives. J Mol Model 2018; 24:123. [PMID: 29721619 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-018-3659-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aromaticity of the rings of thiophene, pyrrole, furan, and benzene annelated cyclooctatetraene (COT) derivatives and of their double charged ions was studied using the graph-theoretical theory of aromaticity. On the basis of topological resonance energy, it was found that the global aromaticity is dependent upon on the arrangement of heteroatoms in the given molecule. Relative stability of these molecules when in different charged states can been explained in terms of the topological charge stabilization rule. We expect that fusing the COT ring with an increasing number of aromatic rings will lead to an increase in the aromaticity of the molecule. According to the bond resonance energy (BRE) and circuit resonance energy (CRE) indices, local antiaromaticity of the COT ring is weakened as the number of fused rings increases, and these changes play a significant role in the global aromaticity of the molecule. For some compounds, our BRE and CRE indices do not predict the same order of magnitude of the local aromatic character of certain rings that the nucleus independent chemical shift (NICS(0) and (NICS(1)) methods predict. Finally, for the available compounds, correlations between the diatropic and paratropic chemical shifts of the protons and our ring current results were analyzed and good agreement was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ablimit Abdukadir
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Aygul Mattursun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Ablikim Kerim
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China.
| | - Kamalbek Omar
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Lutpulla Hushur
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
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34
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Jones L, Lin L, Chamberlain TW. Oxygen, sulfur and selenium terminated single-walled heterocyclic carbon nanobelts (SWHNBs) as potential 3D organic semiconductors. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:7639-7648. [PMID: 29645046 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr01216d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), graphene, fullerenes and nanotubes are on the frontline of materials research due to their excellent physical properties, which in recent years, have started to compete with conventional inorganic materials in charge transfer based applications. Recently, a variety of new structures such as single-walled carbon nanobelts (SWCNBs) have been conceived, however, to date only one 'all-phenyl' example has been synthesised, due to problems with their stability and the challenging synthetic methodologies required. This study introduces a new class of phenacene-based SWCNBs and their chalcogenide derivatives, forming the new sub-class of single-walled heterocyclic carbon nanobelts (SWHNBs) which are expected to be both more stable and easier to synthesise than the all carbon analogues. Subsequent theoretical examination of the structure-property relationships found that unlike the small-molecule acene homologues (tetracene, pentacene etc.) which become more reactive with addition of oxygen, an increase in the molecular size of the SWCNBs actually stabilises the HOMO energy level, in correlation with the increasingly negative nuclear independent chemical shift (NICS) calculations of their cylindrical aromaticities. The FMO energies of the phenacene SWCNBs are similar to that of the nanobelt reported by Itami and co-workers, but those of the SWHNBs are deeper and thus more stable. The sulfur derivative of one SWHNB was found to give hole-charge transfer mobilities as high as 1.12 cm2 V-1 s-1, which is three orders of magnitude larger than the corresponding unsubstituted SWCNB (3 × 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1). These findings suggest the candidates are air-stable and potentially high-performing organic semiconductors for organic thin film transistor (OTFT) devices, while the structure-property relationships uncovered here will aid the design and synthesis of future three-dimensional organic nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jones
- Centre for Industrial Collaboration, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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35
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Karaush NN, Baryshnikov GV, Minaeva VA, Ågren H, Minaev BF. Recent progress in quantum chemistry of hetero[8]circulenes. Mol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2017.1287438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya N. Karaush
- Department of Chemistry and Nanomaterials Science, Bogdan Khmelnitsky National University, Cherkasy, Ukraine
| | - Gleb V. Baryshnikov
- Department of Chemistry and Nanomaterials Science, Bogdan Khmelnitsky National University, Cherkasy, Ukraine
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valentina A. Minaeva
- Department of Chemistry and Nanomaterials Science, Bogdan Khmelnitsky National University, Cherkasy, Ukraine
| | - Hans Ågren
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Boris F. Minaev
- Department of Chemistry and Nanomaterials Science, Bogdan Khmelnitsky National University, Cherkasy, Ukraine
- Department of Physics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
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36
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Baryshnikov GV, Valiev RR, Minaev BF, Ågren H. A computational study of aromaticity and photophysical properties of unsymmetrical azatrioxa[8]circulenes. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj03925a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present work we have studied a series of unsymmetrical azatrioxa[8]circulenes in order to explain the impact of outer substituents and benzoannelation on photophysical constants and aromaticity of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleb V. Baryshnikov
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology
- School of Biotechnology
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- 10691 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Rashid R. Valiev
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology
- School of Biotechnology
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- 10691 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Boris F. Minaev
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology
- School of Biotechnology
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- 10691 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Hans Ågren
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology
- School of Biotechnology
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- 10691 Stockholm
- Sweden
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37
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Miller RW, Averill SE, Van Wyck SJ, Whalley AC. General Method for the Synthesis of Functionalized Tetrabenzo[8]circulenes. J Org Chem 2016; 81:12001-12005. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert W. Miller
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - Summer E. Averill
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - Stephen J. Van Wyck
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - Adam C. Whalley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
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38
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Sundholm D, Fliegl H, Berger RJ. Calculations of magnetically induced current densities: theory and applications. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dage Sundholm
- Department of Chemistry; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Heike Fliegl
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (CTCC), Department of Chemistry; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Raphael J.F. Berger
- Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg; Chemistry of Materials; Salzburg Austria
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39
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40
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Baryshnikov GV, Valiev RR, Karaush NN, Sundholm D, Minaev BF. Aromaticity of the doubly charged [8]circulenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:8980-92. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00365f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnetically induced current densities and current pathways have been calculated for a series of fully annelated dicationic and dianionic tetraphenylenes, which are also named [8]circulenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleb V. Baryshnikov
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology
- School of Biotechnology
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- 10691 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Rashid R. Valiev
- Tomsk Polytechnic University
- Tomsk
- Russia
- Tomsk State University
- Tomsk
| | - Nataliya N. Karaush
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Bohdan Khmelnitsky National University
- Cherkasy
- Ukraine
| | - Dage Sundholm
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- Helsinki Fin-00014
- Finland
| | - Boris F. Minaev
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Bohdan Khmelnitsky National University
- Cherkasy
- Ukraine
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science
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41
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Baryshnikov GV, Valiev RR, Karaush NN, Minaeva VA, Sinelnikov AN, Pedersen SK, Pittelkow M, Minaev BF, Ågren H. Benzoannelated aza-, oxa- and azaoxa[8]circulenes as promising blue organic emitters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:28040-28051. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03060b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we studied the synergetic effect of benzoannelation and NH/O-substitution for enhancing the absorption intensity in a series of novel designed benzoannelated aza- and oxa[8]circulenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleb V. Baryshnikov
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology
- School of Biotechnology
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- 10691 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Rashid R. Valiev
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology
- School of Biotechnology
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- 10691 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Nataliya N. Karaush
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology
- School of Biotechnology
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- 10691 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Valentina A. Minaeva
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology
- School of Biotechnology
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- 10691 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | | | | | - Michael Pittelkow
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Copenhagen
- DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø
- Denmark
| | - Boris F. Minaev
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology
- School of Biotechnology
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- 10691 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Hans Ågren
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology
- School of Biotechnology
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- 10691 Stockholm
- Sweden
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42
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Minaeva VA, Baryshnikov GV, Minaev BF, Karaush NN, Xiong XD, Li MD, Phillips DL, Wong HNC. Structure and spectroscopic characterization of tetrathia- and tetraselena[8]circulenes as a new class of polyaromatic heterocycles. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 151:247-261. [PMID: 26142658 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The FTIR, Raman and UV-vis spectra of the recently synthesized tetrathia[8]circulene and tetraselena[8]circulene compounds have been measured and interpreted in details by the density functional theory (DFT) calculations taking into account the molecular symmetry constrains. The structural and electronic features of the studied compounds have also been discussed in connection with the observed spectroscopic characteristics. Particularly, we have found that despite a slightly non-planar conformation the neutral tetrathia[8]circulene and tetraselena[8]circulene molecules demonstrate bifacial aromatic/antiaromatic nature. The inner octatetraene core is characterized by the presence of paratropic ("antiaromatic") ring currents, whereas the outer macrocycle constructed of benzene, thiophene or selenophene rings possesses the strong magnetically-induced diatropic ("aromatic") ring current. This fact suggests the general electronic and magnetic similarity of the tetrathia- and tetraselena[8]circulenes with the strictly planar isoelectronic tetraoxa[8]circulene and related azaoxa-derivatives discussed earlier. However, the vibrational and UV-vis absorption spectra of the studied circulenes are rather different from those of the parent tetraoxa[8]circulene which indicates a clear manifestation of the symmetry selection rules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina A Minaeva
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bogdan Khmelnitsky National University, blvd. Shevchenko 81, 18031 Cherkasy, Ukraine
| | - Gleb V Baryshnikov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bogdan Khmelnitsky National University, blvd. Shevchenko 81, 18031 Cherkasy, Ukraine.
| | - Boris F Minaev
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bogdan Khmelnitsky National University, blvd. Shevchenko 81, 18031 Cherkasy, Ukraine; Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Nataliya N Karaush
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bogdan Khmelnitsky National University, blvd. Shevchenko 81, 18031 Cherkasy, Ukraine
| | - Xiao-Dong Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Center of Novel Functional Molecules, and Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Ming-De Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - David Lee Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Henry N C Wong
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Center of Novel Functional Molecules, and Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis of Medicinal Organic Molecules & Shenzhen Center of Novel Functional Molecules, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, No. 10, Second Yuexing Road, Shenzhen 518507, China
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43
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Brogdon P, Giordano F, Puneky GA, Dass A, Zakeeruddin SM, Nazeeruddin MK, Grätzel M, Tschumper GS, Delcamp JH. A Computational and Experimental Study of Thieno[3,4-b]thiophene as a Proaromatic π-Bridge in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Chemistry 2015; 22:694-703. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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44
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Karaush NN, Valiev RR, Baryshnikov GV, Minaev BF, Ågren H. DFT simulation of the heteroannelated octatetraenes vibronic spectra with the Franck–Condon and Herzberg–Teller approaches including Duschinsky effect. Chem Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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45
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Chen F, Hong YS, Shimizu S, Kim D, Tanaka T, Osuka A. Synthesis of a Tetrabenzotetraaza[8]circulene by a "Fold-In" Oxidative Fusion Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [PMID: 26216171 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabenzotetraaza[8]circulene (1) has been synthesized in good yield by a "fold-in" oxidative fusion reaction of a 1,2-phenylene-bridged cyclic tetrapyrrole. X-ray diffraction analysis of 1 has revealed a planar square structure with a central cyclooctatetraene (COT) core that shows little alternation of the bond lengths. Despite these structural features, 1 shows aromatic-like character, such as sharp absorption bands, high fluorescence quantum yields (Φ(F)=0.55 in THF), and a single exponential fluorescence decay with τ(F)=3.8 ns. These observations indicate a dominant contribution of an [8]radialene-like π conjugation and hence aromatic character of the local aromatic segments in 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengkun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 (Japan)
| | - Yong Seok Hong
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749 (Korea)
| | - Soji Shimizu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395 (Japan)
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749 (Korea).
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 (Japan).
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 (Japan).
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46
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Chen F, Hong YS, Shimizu S, Kim D, Tanaka T, Osuka A. Synthesis of a Tetrabenzotetraaza[8]circulene by a “Fold-In” Oxidative Fusion Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201505124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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47
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Abstract
This review describes the current state of magnetic criteria of aromaticity. The introduction contains the fundamentals of ring currents in aromatic and antiaromatic systems, followed by a brief description of experimental and computational tools: NMR, diamagnetic susceptibility exaltation, current density analyses (CDA) and nucleus independent chemical shifts (NICS). This is followed by more comprehensive chapters: NMR - focusing on the work of R. Mitchell - NICS and CDA - describing the progress and development of the methods to their current state and presenting some examples of representative work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renana Gershoni-Poranne
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
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48
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Baryshnikov GV, Minaev BF, Minaeva VA. Electronic structure, aromaticity and spectra of hetero[8]circulenes. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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49
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Aromaticity of the completely annelated tetraphenylenes: NICS and GIMIC characterization. J Mol Model 2015; 21:136. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-015-2683-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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50
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Valiev RR, Fliegl H, Sundholm D. Aromatic Pathways in Carbathiaporphyrins. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:1201-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5120652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rashid R. Valiev
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, 43a Lenin Avenue, Building 2, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation
- Tomsk State University, Lenina
Avenue 36, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Heike Fliegl
- Centre
for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (CTCC), Department of
Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, Oslo 0315, Norway
| | - Dage Sundholm
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtanens plats
1), Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
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