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Im S, Frey E, Lacks DJ, Genzer J, Dickey MD. Enhanced Triboelectric Charge Stability by Air-Stable Radicals. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304459. [PMID: 37675836 PMCID: PMC10625048 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper demonstrates that air-stable radicals enhance the stability of triboelectric charge on surfaces. While charge on surfaces is often undesirable (e.g., static discharge), improved charge retention can benefit specific applications such as air filtration. Here, it is shown that self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) containing air-stable radicals, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxidanyl (TEMPO), hold the charge longer than those without TEMPO. Charging and retention are monitored by Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM) as a function of time. Without the radicals on the surface, charge retention increases with the water contact angle (hydrophobicity), consistent with the understanding that surface water molecules can accelerate charge dissipation. Yet, the most prolonged charge retention is observed in surfaces treated with TEMPO, which are more hydrophilic than untreated control surfaces. The charge retention decreases with reducing radical density by etching the TEMPO-silane with tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) or scavenging the radicals with ascorbic acid. These results suggest a pathway toward increasing the lifetime of triboelectric charges, which may enhance air filtration, improve tribocharging for patterning charges on surfaces, or boost triboelectric energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooik Im
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27695‐7905USA
| | - Ethan Frey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27695‐7905USA
| | - Daniel J. Lacks
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH44106USA
| | - Jan Genzer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27695‐7905USA
| | - Michael D. Dickey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27695‐7905USA
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2
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Deng J, Ben Tayeb K, Dong C, Simon P, Marinova M, Dubois M, Morin JC, Zhou W, Capron M, Ordomsky VV. TEMPO-Ru-BEA Composite Material for the Selective Oxidation of Alcohols to Aldehydes. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianying Deng
- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, UMR CNRS 8181, Université de Lille, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Karima Ben Tayeb
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions, la Réactivité et l’Environnement, UMR CNRS 8516, Université de Lille, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Chunyang Dong
- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, UMR CNRS 8181, Université de Lille, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Pardis Simon
- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, UMR CNRS 8181, Université de Lille, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Maya Marinova
- Institut Michel-Eugène Chevreul, Villeneuve-d’Ascq 59655, France
| | - Melanie Dubois
- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, UMR CNRS 8181, Université de Lille, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Jean-Charles Morin
- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, UMR CNRS 8181, Université de Lille, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Wenjuan Zhou
- Eco-Efficient Products and Processes Laboratory (E2P2L), UMI 3464 CNRS/Solvay, Shanghai 201108, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mickael Capron
- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, UMR CNRS 8181, Université de Lille, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Vitaly V. Ordomsky
- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, UMR CNRS 8181, Université de Lille, Lille F-59000, France
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3
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Zheng X, Zhang C, Jin Z, Southworth SH, Cheng L. Benchmark relativistic delta-coupled-cluster calculations of K-edge core-ionization energies of third-row elements. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:13587-13596. [PMID: 35616685 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00993e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A benchmark computational study of K-edge core-ionization energies of third-row elements using relativistic delta-coupled-cluster (ΔCC) methods and a revised core-valence separation (CVS) scheme is reported. High-level relativistic (HLR) corrections beyond the spin-free exact two-component theory in its one-electron variant (SFX2C-1e), including the contributions from two-electron picture-change effects, spin-orbit coupling, the Breit term, and quantum electrodynamics effects, have been taken into account and demonstrated to play an important role. Relativistic ΔCC calculations are shown to provide accurate results for core-ionization energies of third-row elements. The SFX2C-1e-CVS-ΔCC results augmented with HLR corrections show a maximum deviation of less than 0.5 eV with respect to experimental values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechen Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Chaoqun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Zheqi Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Stephen H Southworth
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Lan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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Totani R, Ljubić I, Ciavardini A, Grazioli C, Galdenzi F, de Simone M, Coreno M. Frontier orbital stability of nitroxyl organic radicals probed by means of inner shell resonantly enhanced valence band photoelectron spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:1993-2003. [PMID: 35018901 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05264k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the frontier orbitals of persistent organic radicals known as nitroxyls by resonant photoelectron spectroscopy (ResPES) under inner shell excitation. By means of this site-specific technique, we were able to disentangle the different atomic contributions to the outer valence molecular orbitals and examine several core-hole relaxation pathways involving the singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) localized on the nitroxyl group. To interpret the ResPES intensity trends, especially the strong enhancement of the SOMO ionized state at the N K-edge, we computed the Dyson spin orbitals (DSOs) pertaining to the transitions between the core-excited initial states and several of the singly ionized valence final states. We found that the computed vertical valence ionization potentials and norms of the DSOs are reasonably reliable when based on the long-range corrected CAM-B3LYP density functional. Thanks to their unpaired electrons, nitroxyls have recently found application in technological fields implying a spin control, such as spintronics and quantum computing. The present findings on the electronic structure of nitroxyl persistent radicals furnish important hints for their implementation in technological devices and, more in general, for the synthesis of new and stable organic radicals with tailored properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Totani
- ISM-CNR, LD2 Unit, Basovizza Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
| | - I Ljubić
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - A Ciavardini
- University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, SI-5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - C Grazioli
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, Basovizza SS-14, km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - F Galdenzi
- University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, SI-5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - M de Simone
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, Basovizza SS-14, km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - M Coreno
- ISM-CNR, LD2 Unit, Basovizza Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
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5
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Influence of TEMPO oxidation on the properties of ethylene glycol methyl ether acrylate grafted cellulose sponges. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 272:118458. [PMID: 34420718 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, cellulose nanofibers (CNF) obtained via high-pressure microfluidization were 2,6,6-tetra-methylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) oxidized (TOCNF) in order to facilitate the grafting of ethylene glycol methyl ether acrylate (EGA). FTIR and XPS analyses revealed a more efficient grafting of EGA oligomers on the surface of TOCNF as compared to the original CNF. As a result, a consistent covering of the TOCNF fibers with EGA oligomers, an increased hydrophobicity and a reduction in porosity were noticed for TOCNF-EGA. However, the swelling ratio of TOCNF-EGA was similar to that of original CNF grafted with EGA and higher than that of TOCNF, because the higher amount of grafted EGA onto oxidized cellulose and the looser structure reduced the contacts between the fibrils and increased the absorption of water. All these results corroborated with a good cytocompatibility and compression strength recommend TOCNF-EGA for applications in regenerative medicine.
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Banerjee S, Sokolov AY. Efficient implementation of the single-reference algebraic diagrammatic construction theory for charged excitations: Applications to the TEMPO radical and DNA base pairs. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:074105. [PMID: 33607870 DOI: 10.1063/5.0040317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an efficient implementation of the second- and third-order single-reference algebraic diagrammatic construction (ADC) theory for electron attachment and ionization energies and spectra [EA/IP-ADC(n), n = 2, 3]. Our new EA/IP-ADC program features spin adaptation for closed-shell systems, density fitting for efficient handling of the two-electron integral tensors, and vectorized and parallel implementation of tensor contractions. We demonstrate capabilities of our efficient implementation by applying the EA/IP-ADC(n) (n = 2, 3) methods to compute the photoelectron spectrum of the (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO) radical, as well as the vertical and adiabatic electron affinities of TEMPO and two DNA base pairs (guanine-cytosine and adenine-thymine). The spectra and electron affinities computed using large diffuse basis sets with up to 1028 molecular orbitals are found to be in good agreement with the best available results from the experiment and theoretical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samragni Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Alexander Yu Sokolov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Ljubić I, Cvitaš MT, Grazioli C, Coreno M, Kazazić S, Novak I. Vibrationally resolved valence and core photoionization and photoexcitation spectra of an electron-deficient trivalent boron compound: the case of catecholborane. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:25396-25407. [PMID: 33141120 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04822d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Compounds containing trivalent boron (TB) as the electron-deficient site(s) find numerous practical uses ranging from Lewis bases in organic synthesis to high-tech industry, with a number of novel applications anticipated. We present an experimental and theoretical study of the gas-phase valence photoionization (VUV-PES), core photoionization (XPS) and photoexcitation (NEXAFS) spectra of a representative TB compound catecholborane (CB). For modelling and assigning the spectra we used the ΔDFT and restricted single excitation space TD-DFT methods for the XPS and NEXAFS, and OVGF and EOM-CCSD for the VUV-PES. The vibrationally resolved structure was computed in the Franck-Condon (FC) and Herzberg-Teller (FCHT) approximations generally resulting in a good agreement with the observed spectral features. For the prediction of core-electron binding energies (CEBEs) several density functionals were tested. The best performance overall was furnished by ωB97X-D suggesting that including the dispersion correction is beneficial. The FCHT vibronic intensities are in clear discrepancy with the B 1s NEXAFS spectrum if the harmonic approximation is used for the B-H wagging mode both in the ground and in the first core-excited state. Instead, a much better agreement is obtained if the excited state potential is approximated to a symmetric double-well. The observed vibronic pattern could be a general fingerprint of the presence of TB centre(s), specifically, the transfer of the (core) density to the vacant boron p-orbital in the excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ljubić
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Sarangi R, Vidal ML, Coriani S, Krylov AI. On the basis set selection for calculations of core-level states: different strategies to balance cost and accuracy. Mol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2020.1769872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Sarangi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marta L. Vidal
- DTU Chemistry – Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sonia Coriani
- DTU Chemistry – Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anna I. Krylov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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9
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Zheng X, Cheng L. Performance of Delta-Coupled-Cluster Methods for Calculations of Core-Ionization Energies of First-Row Elements. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:4945-4955. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuechen Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Lan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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10
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Wang Z, Paquette JA, Staroverov VN, Gilroy JB, Sham TK. X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure Spectroscopy of a Stable 6-Oxoverdazyl Radical and Its Diamagnetic Precursor. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:323-328. [PMID: 30582809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b11639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The electronic structure of 1,3,5-triphenyl-6-oxoverdazyl, a heteroatom-rich stable organic radical, and its diamagnetic 1,3,5-triphenyl-6-oxotetrazane precursor are probed using X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The N K-edge XANES spectra of the 6-oxoverdazyl radical contain strong N 1s → π* resonances for each set of equivalent nitrogen atoms. The fact that these resonances are absent from the analogous spectra of the 6-oxotetrazane, whereas the O K-edge and C K-edge XANES spectra of both species are very similar, demonstrates that the unpaired electron of the radical is localized primarily on the N atoms of the 6-oxoverdazyl heterocycle. The O K-edge XANES spectra of both species contain strong O 1s → π* (C═O) peaks, but the peak of the radical is red-shifted by 0.5 eV relative to that of the 6-oxotetrazane, which indicates that the C═O bond in the radical is part of a larger π-conjugated system. The proposed interpretations of the XANES spectra are aided by density-functional calculations.
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12
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Ljubić I, Kivimäki A, Coreno M, Kazazić S, Novak I. Characterisation of the electronic structure of galvinoxyl free radical by variable energy UPS, XPS and NEXAFS spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:2480-2491. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07266j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
UPS, XPS and NEXAFS spectra of persistent free radical galvinoxyl are assigned using theoretical ΔDFT and TDDFT methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ljubić
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | | | | | - Saša Kazazić
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Igor Novak
- Charles Sturt University
- Orange NSW 2800
- Australia
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13
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Corral I, González-Vázquez J, Martín F. Potential Energy Surfaces of Core-Hole and Shake-Up States for Dissociative Ionization Studies. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:1723-1736. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b01214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Inés Corral
- Departamento
de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute
for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IADCHEM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús González-Vázquez
- Departamento
de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute
for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IADCHEM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Martín
- Departamento
de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Condensed
Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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14
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Ljubić I, Kivimäki A, Coreno M. An experimental NEXAFS and computational TDDFT and ΔDFT study of the gas-phase core excitation spectra of nitroxide free radical TEMPO and its analogues. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:10207-17. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00490c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Core excitation (NEXAFS) C 1s, N 1s, and O 1s gas-phase spectra of stable nitroxide free radical TEMPO and two of its amide-substituted analogues are assigned from the onset of the absorptions to the vicinity of the core-ionization thresholds using the theoretical TDDFT and ΔDFT methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ljubić
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
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15
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Rani JR, Oh SI, Woo JM, Tarwal NL, Kim HW, Mun BS, Lee S, Kim KJ, Jang JH. Graphene oxide-phosphor hybrid nanoscrolls with high luminescent quantum yield: synthesis, structural, and X-ray absorption studies. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:5693-5700. [PMID: 25710469 DOI: 10.1021/am507342w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Highly luminescent graphene oxide (GO)-phosphor hybrid thin films with a maximum quantum yield of 9.6% were synthesized via a simple chemical method. An intense luminescence emission peak at 537 nm and a broad emission peak at 400 nm were observed from the GO-phosphor hybrid films. The maximum quantum yield of the emissions from the hybrid films was found to be 9.6%, which is 48 times higher than that of pristine GO films. The GO-phosphor hybrids were prepared via spin-coating and subsequent postannealing of the films, resulting in scrolling of the GO sheets. The resulting GO nanoscrolls exhibited a length of ∼2 μm with nanoscale interior cavities. Transmission electron microscopy and selected-area electron diffraction analyses revealed that the lattice structure of the tubular scrolls is similar to that of carbon nanotubes. While pristine GO films are p-type, in the GO-phosphor hybrids, the Fermi level shifted upward and fell between the HOMO-LUMO gap due to phosphor attachment via C-N bonding. The highly luminescent GO-phosphor hybrids will find important applications in graphene-based optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ki-Jeong Kim
- §Beamline Research Division, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, South Korea
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Kovač B, Ljubić I, Kivimäki A, Coreno M, Novak I. The study of the electronic structure of some N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) by variable energy photoelectron spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:10656-67. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00482a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
UV and X-ray photoelectron spectra of three N-heterocyclic carbenes under synchrotron radiation reveal details of their electronic structure and are used as a benchmark to test computational methods for treating core ionizations in systems with unusual electronic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan Ljubić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- HR-10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | | | | | - Igor Novak
- Charles Sturt University
- Orange NSW 2800
- Australia
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17
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A theoretical study of the thermodynamic and hydrogen-bond basicity of TEMPO radical and related nitroxides. Struct Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-014-0484-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Ljubić I. Reliability of Density Functional and Perturbation Theories for Calculating Core-Ionization Spectra of Free Radicals. J Chem Theory Comput 2014; 10:2333-43. [DOI: 10.1021/ct500111n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ljubić
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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