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Gillet A, Cher S, Tassé M, Blon T, Alves S, Izzet G, Chaudret B, Proust A, Demont P, Volatron F, Tricard S. Polarizability is a key parameter for molecular electronics. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2021; 6:271-276. [PMID: 33507203 DOI: 10.1039/d0nh00583e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Identifying descriptors that govern charge transport in molecular electronics is of prime importance for the elaboration of devices. The effects of molecule characteristics, such as size, bulkiness or charge, have been widely reported. Herein, we show that the molecule polarizability can be a crucial parameter to consider. To this end, platinum nanoparticle self-assemblies (PtNP SAs) are synthesized in solution, including a series of polyoxometalates (POMs). The charge of the POM unit can be modified according to the nature of the central heteroatom while keeping its size constant. POM hybrids that display remote terminal thiol functions strongly anchor the PtNP surface to form robust SAs. IV curves, recorded by conductive AFM, show a decrease in Coulomb blockade as the dielectric constant of the POMs increases. In this system, charge transport across molecular junctions can be interpreted as variations in polarizability, which is directly related to the dielectric constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélique Gillet
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets, INSA, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
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Zhao X, Guo J, Xiao T, Zhang Y, Yan Y, Grzybowski BA. Charged Metal Nanoparticles for Chemoelectronic Circuits. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1804864. [PMID: 30687979 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although metal nanoparticles (NPs) stabilized with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of various organic ligands have proven useful in applications ranging from chemical sensing, to bionanotechnology, to plasmonics and energy conversion, they have not been widely considered as suitable building blocks of electronic circuitry, largely because metals screen electric fields and prevent electrically tunable conductivity. However, when metal nanoparticles a few nanometers in size are stabilized by charged ligands and placed under bias, the counterions surrounding the NPs can redistribute and establish local electric fields that feed back into the electronic currents passing through the nanoparticles' metallic cores. Herein, the manner in which the interplay between counterion gradients and electron flows can be controlled by using different types of SAMs is discussed. This can give rise to a new class of nanoparticle-based "chemoelectronic" logic circuits capable of sensing, processing, and ultimately reporting various chemical signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jiahui Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tao Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuchun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yong Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Bartosz A Grzybowski
- IBS Center for Soft and Living Matter and Department of Chemistry, UNIST, 50, UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
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Ketelsen B, Yesilmen M, Schlicke H, Noei H, Su CH, Liao YC, Vossmeyer T. Fabrication of Strain Gauges via Contact Printing: A Simple Route to Healthcare Sensors Based on Cross-Linked Gold Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:37374-37385. [PMID: 30280559 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a novel and efficient process for the fabrication of resistive strain gauges for healthcare-related applications. First, 1,9-nonanedithiol cross-linked gold nanoparticle (GNP) films were prepared via layer-by-layer (LbL) spin-coating and subsequently transferred onto flexible polyimide foil by contact printing. Four-point bending tests revealed linear response characteristics with gauge factors of ∼14 for 4 nm GNPs and ∼26 for 7 nm GNPs. This dependency of strain sensitivity is attributed to the perturbation of charge carrier tunneling between neighboring GNPs, which becomes more efficient with increasing particle size. Fatigue tests revealed that the strain-resistance performance remained nearly the same after 10.000 strain/relaxation cycles. We demonstrate that these sensors are well suited to monitor muscle movements. Furthermore, we fabricated all-printed strain sensors by directly transferring cross-linked GNP films onto soft PDMS sheets equipped with interdigitated electrodes. Due to the low elastic modulus of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), these sensors are easily deformed and, therefore, they respond sensitively to faint forces. When taped onto the skin above the radial artery, they enable the well-resolved and robust recording of pulse waves with diagnostically relevant details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bendix Ketelsen
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , University of Hamburg , Grindelallee 117 , 20146 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Mazlum Yesilmen
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , University of Hamburg , Grindelallee 117 , 20146 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Hendrik Schlicke
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , University of Hamburg , Grindelallee 117 , 20146 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Heshmat Noei
- DESY NanoLab , Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Chun-Hao Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chih Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Tobias Vossmeyer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , University of Hamburg , Grindelallee 117 , 20146 Hamburg , Germany
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Nesser H, Grisolia J, Alnasser T, Viallet B, Ressier L. Towards wireless highly sensitive capacitive strain sensors based on gold colloidal nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:10479-10487. [PMID: 29799037 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr09685b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We designed, produced and characterized new capacitive strain sensors based on colloidal gold nanoparticles. The active area of these sensors, made up of a 1 mm2 close-packed assembly of gold nanoparticles between interdigitated electrodes, was designed to achieve measurable capacitance (>∼1 pF) and overcome parasitic capacitances. Electro-mechanical experiments revealed that the sensitivity of such capacitive sensors increases in relation to the size of the nanoparticles. In the case of 14 nm gold NPs, such sensors present a relative capacitance variation of -5.2% for a strain of 1.5%, which is more than 5 times higher than that observed for conventional capacitive strain gauges. The existence of two domains (pure capacitive domain and mixed capacitive-resistance domain) as a function of the frequency measurement allows for the adaptation of sensitivity of these capacitive sensors. A simple low-cost circuit based on a microcontroller board was finally developed to detect the capacitance variations of such NP based strain sensors. This low-cost equipment paves the way for the development of an entirely wireless application set-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nesser
- Université de Toulouse, LPCNO, INSA-CNRS-UPS, 135 avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse 31077, France.
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Biaye M, Zbydniewska E, Mélin T, Deresmes D, Copie G, Cleri F, Sangeetha N, Decorde N, Viallet B, Grisolia J, Ressier L, Diesinger H. Tunneling mechanism and contact mechanics of colloidal nanoparticle assemblies. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:475502. [PMID: 27775922 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/47/475502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle assemblies with thiol-terminated alkyl chains are studied by conducting atomic force microscopy (c-AFM) regarding their use as strain gauges for touch-sensitive panels. Current-force spectroscopy is used as a characterization tool complementary to the macroscopic setup since it allows a bias to be applied to a limited number of junctions, overcoming the Coulomb blockade energy and focusing on the contact electromechanics and the transport mechanism across the ligand. First, transition voltage spectroscopy is applied with varying force to target the underlying tunneling mechanism by observing whether the transition between the ohmic and exponential current-voltage behavior is force-dependent. Secondly, current-force spectroscopy in the ohmic range below the transition voltage is performed. The current-force behavior of the AFM probe in contact with a nanoparticle multilayer is associated with the spread of force and current within the nanoparticle lattice and at the level of adjacent particles by detailed contact mechanics treatment. The result is twofold: concerning the architecture of sensors, this work is a sample case of contact electromechanics at scales ranging from the device scale down to the individual ligand molecule. Regarding transport across the molecule, the vacuum tunneling mechanism is favored over the conduction by coherent molecular states, which is a decision-making aid for the choice of ligand in applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moussa Biaye
- Institut d'Electronique, Microelectronique et Nanotechnologie, CNRS UMR 8520, CS60069, F-59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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Gauvin M, Grisolia J, Alnasser T, Viallet B, Xie S, Brugger J, Ressier L. Electro-mechanical sensing in freestanding monolayered gold nanoparticle membranes. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:11363-11370. [PMID: 27194578 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr02004f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The electro-mechanical sensing properties of freestanding monolayered membranes of dodecanethiol coated 7 nm gold nanoparticles (NPs) are investigated using AFM force spectroscopy and conductive AFM simultaneously. The electrical resistance of the NP membranes increases sensitively with the point-load force applied in the center of the membranes using an AFM tip. Numerical simulations of electronic conduction in a hexagonally close-packed two-dimensional (2D) array of NPs under point load-deformation are carried out on the basis of electronic transport measurements at low temperatures and strain modeling of the NP membranes by finite element analysis. These simulations, supporting AFM-based electro-mechanical measurements, attribute the high strain sensitivity of the monolayered NP membranes to the exponential dependence of the tunnel electron transport in 2D NP arrays on the strain-induced length variation of the interparticle junctions. This work thus evidences a new class of highly sensitive nano-electro-mechanical systems based on freestanding monolayered gold NP membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gauvin
- Université de Toulouse, LPCNO, INSA-CNRS-UPS, 135 avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse 31077, France.
| | - J Grisolia
- Université de Toulouse, LPCNO, INSA-CNRS-UPS, 135 avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse 31077, France.
| | - T Alnasser
- Université de Toulouse, LPCNO, INSA-CNRS-UPS, 135 avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse 31077, France.
| | - B Viallet
- Université de Toulouse, LPCNO, INSA-CNRS-UPS, 135 avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse 31077, France.
| | - S Xie
- Microsystems Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 17, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J Brugger
- Microsystems Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 17, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Ressier
- Université de Toulouse, LPCNO, INSA-CNRS-UPS, 135 avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse 31077, France.
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Jiang CW, Ni IC, Tzeng SD, Kuo W. Nearly isotropic piezoresistive response due to charge detour conduction in nanoparticle thin films. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11939. [PMID: 26173736 PMCID: PMC4502517 DOI: 10.1038/srep11939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Piezoresistive responses of nanoparticle thin-film strain sensors on flexible polyimide substrates were studied. Disordered interparticle tunneling introduces microscopic detour of charge conduction so as to reduce gauge factors. The disorder also results in large resistance change when current flows in the direction perpendicular to a unidirectional strain, reducing response anisotropy. For practical usages, stability and endurance of these strain sensors are confirmed with 7 × 104 bending cycles. Cracks form in devices under prolonged cyclic bending and slightly reduce gauge factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Jiang
- Department of Physics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - I-Chih Ni
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Shien-Der Tzeng
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Watson Kuo
- 1] Department of Physics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan [2] Institute of NanoScience and Research Center for Sustainable Energy and Nanotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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