1
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Kuo CY, Zhu JH, Chiu YP, Ni IC, Chen MH, Wu YR, Wu CI. Graphene-All-Around Cobalt Interconnect with a Back-End-of-Line Compatible Process. Nano Lett 2024; 24:2102-2109. [PMID: 38295289 PMCID: PMC10870778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The graphene-all-around (GAA) structure has been verified to grow directly at 380 °C using hot-wire chemical vapor deposition, within the thermal budget of the back end of the line (BEOL). The cobalt (Co) interconnects with the GAA structure have demonstrated a 10.8% increase in current density, a 27% reduction in resistance, and a 36 times longer electromigration lifetime. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations have revealed the presence of bonding between carbon and Co, which makes the Co atom more stable to resist external forces. The ability of graphene to act as a diffusion barrier in the GAA structure was confirmed through time-dependent dielectric breakdown measurement. The Co interconnect within the GAA structure exhibits enhanced electrical properties and reliability, which indicates compatibility applications as next-generation interconnect materials in CMOS BEOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yuan Kuo
- Graduate
Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical
Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Heng Zhu
- Graduate
Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical
Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ping Chiu
- Graduate
Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical
Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - I-Chih Ni
- Graduate
Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical
Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsin Chen
- Department
of Electro-Optical Engineering, National
Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Renn Wu
- Graduate
Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical
Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chih-I Wu
- Graduate
Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical
Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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2
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Chen CH, Yu MH, Wang YY, Tseng YC, Chao IH, Ni IC, Lin BH, Lu YJ, Chueh CC. Enhancing the Performance of 2D Tin-Based Pure Red Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes through the Synergistic Effect of Natural Antioxidants and Cyclic Molecular Additives. Small 2024:e2307774. [PMID: 38200683 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Tin (Sn)-based perovskites are being investigated in many optoelectronic applications given their similar valence electron configuration to that of lead-based perovskites and the potential environmental hazards of lead-based perovskites. However, the formation of high-quality Sn-based perovskite films faces several challenges, mainly due to the easy oxidation of Sn2+ to Sn4+ and the fast crystallization rate. Here, to develop an environmentally friendly process for Sn-based perovskite fabrication, a series of natural antioxidants are studied as additives and ascorbic acid (VitC) is found to have a superior ability to inhibit the oxidation problem. A common cyclic molecule, 18-Crown-6, is further added as a second additive, which synergizes with VitC to significantly reduce the nonradiative recombination pathways in the PEA2 SnI4 film. This synergistic effect greatly improves the performance of 2D red Sn-based PeLED, with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 1.87% (≈9 times that of the pristine device), a purer color, and better bias stability. This work demonstrates the potential of the dual-additive approach in enhancing the performance of 2D Sn-based PeLEDs, while the use of these environmentally friendly additives contributes to their future sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Han Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsuan Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yu Wang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Tseng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsiang Chao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - I-Chih Ni
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Bi-Hsuan Lin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jung Lu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Chen Chueh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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3
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Kuo CY, Chang YT, Huang YT, Ni IC, Chen MH, Wu CI. MoS 2 as an Effective Cu Diffusion Barrier with a Back-End Compatible Process. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:47845-47854. [PMID: 37768847 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) as a superior candidate as a diffusion barrier and liner. This research explores a newly developed process to show how effectively MoS2 can be applied. First, a new approach is developed to prepare molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) by microwave plasma-enhanced sulfurization (MW-PES). MW-PES can rapidly and directly grow on the target substrate at low temperatures, which is compatible with the back-end-of-line (BEOL) technology. Second, the performance of MW-PES MoS2 as a diffusion barrier and liner is reported in the subsequent section. Through time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) measurements, MoS2 is shown to have a barrier property better than that of the current material, Ta, with the same thickness. According to the model fitting, the lifetime of the device is about 45.2 times the lifetime under normal operating conditions. Furthermore, MoS2 shows its superior thermal stability in maintaining the barrier properties. MoS2 is proven to be an excellent interface as a liner as it can provide sufficient adhesion and wettability to further effectively reduce the surface scattering of copper (Cu) and significantly lower the circuit resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yuan Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Chang
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Huang
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - I-Chih Ni
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chih-I Wu
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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4
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Lan PL, Ni IC, Wu CI, Hsu CC, Cheng IC, Chen JZ. Ultrafast Fabrication of H 2SO 4, LiCl, and Li 2SO 4 Gel Electrolyte Supercapacitors with Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO)-LiMnO x Electrodes Processed Using Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Jet. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:1701. [PMID: 37763864 PMCID: PMC10535643 DOI: 10.3390/mi14091701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Pastes containing reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and LiCl-Mn(NO3)2·4H2O are screen-printed on a carbon cloth substrate and then calcined using a nitrogen atmospheric-pressure plasma jet (APPJ) for conversion into rGO-LiMnOx nanocomposites. The APPJ processing time is within 300 s. RGO-LiMnOx on carbon cloth is used to sandwich H2SO4, LiCl, or Li2SO4 gel electrolytes to form hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs). The areal capacitance, energy density, and cycling stability of the HSCs are evaluated using electrochemical measurement. The HSC utilizing the Li2SO4 gel electrolyte exhibits enhanced electrode-electrolyte interface reactions and increased effective surface area due to its high pseudocapacitance (PC) ratio and lithium ion migration rate. As a result, it demonstrates the highest areal capacitance and energy density. The coupling of charges generated by embedded lithium ions with the electric double-layer capacitance (EDLC) further contributed to the significant overall capacitance enhancement. Conversely, the HSC with the H2SO4 gel electrolyte exhibits better cycling stability. Our findings shed light on the interplay between gel electrolytes and electrode materials, offering insights into the design and optimization of high-performance HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ling Lan
- Graduate Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan;
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
| | - I-Chih Ni
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan; (I.-C.N.); (C.-I.W.); (I.-C.C.)
| | - Chih-I Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan; (I.-C.N.); (C.-I.W.); (I.-C.C.)
- Graduate School of Advanced Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Che Hsu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan;
| | - I-Chun Cheng
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan; (I.-C.N.); (C.-I.W.); (I.-C.C.)
| | - Jian-Zhang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan;
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
- Graduate School of Advanced Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
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5
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Chao IH, Yang YT, Yu MH, Chen CH, Liao CH, Lin BH, Ni IC, Chen WC, Ho-Baillie AWY, Chueh CC. Performance Enhancement of Lead-Free 2D Tin Halide Perovskite Transistors by Surface Passivation and Its Impact on Non-Volatile Photomemory Characteristics. Small 2023; 19:e2207734. [PMID: 36794296 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) tin (Sn)-based perovskites have recently received increasing research attention for perovskite transistor application. Although some progress is made, Sn-based perovskites have long suffered from easy oxidation from Sn2+ to Sn4+ , leading to undesirable p-doping and instability. In this study, it is demonstrated that surface passivation by phenethylammonium iodide (PEAI) and 4-fluorophenethylammonium iodide (FPEAI) effectively passivates surface defects in 2D phenethylammonium tin iodide (PEA2 SnI4 ) films, increases the grain size by surface recrystallization, and p-dopes the PEA2 SnI4 film to form a better energy-level alignment with the electrodes and promote charge transport properties. As a result, the passivated devices exhibit better ambient and gate bias stability, improved photo-response, and higher mobility, for example, 2.96 cm2 V-1 s-1 for the FPEAI-passivated films-four times higher than the control film (0.76 cm2 V-1 s-1 ). In addition, these perovskite transistors display non-volatile photomemory characteristics and are used as perovskite-transistor-based memories. Although the reduction of surface defects in perovskite films results in reduced charge retention time due to lower trap density, these passivated devices with better photoresponse and air stability show promise for future photomemory applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Hsiang Chao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsuan Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Han Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chwen-Haw Liao
- School of Physics and University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Bi-Hsuan Lin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - I-Chih Ni
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Anita W Y Ho-Baillie
- School of Physics and University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Chu-Chen Chueh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
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6
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Gu MW, Lai CT, Ni IC, Wu CI, Chen CH. Increased Surface Density of States at the Fermi Level for Electron Transport Across Single-Molecule Junctions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214963. [PMID: 36484557 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fermi's golden rule, a remarkable concept for the transition probability involving continuous states, is applicable to the interfacial electron-transporting efficiency via correlation with the surface density of states (SDOS). Yet, this concept has not been reported to tailor single-molecule junctions where gold is an overwhelmingly popular electrode material due to its superior amenability in regenerating molecular junctions. At the Fermi level, however, the SDOS of gold is small due to its fully filled d-shell. To increase the electron-transport efficiency, herein, gold electrodes are modified by a monolayer of platinum or palladium that bears partially filled d-shells and exhibits significant SDOS at the Fermi energy. An increase by 2-30 fold is found for single-molecule conductance of α,ω-hexanes bridged via common headgroups. The improved junction conductance is attributed to the electrode self-energy which involves a stronger coupling with the molecule and a larger SDOS participated by d-electrons at the electrode-molecule interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mong-Wen Gu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Materials and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ta Lai
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Materials and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - I-Chih Ni
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-I Wu
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsien Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Materials and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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7
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Gu MW, Lai CT, Ni IC, Wu CI, Chen CH. Increased Surface Density of States at the Fermi Level for Electron Transport Across Single‐Molecule Junctions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202214963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mong-Wen Gu
- National Taiwan University Department of Chemistry No. 1, Sec 4, Roosevelt Rd 10617 Taipei TAIWAN
| | - Chih-Ta Lai
- National Taiwan University Department of Chemistry No. 1, Sec 4, Roosevelt Rd 10617 Taipei TAIWAN
| | - I-Chih Ni
- National Taiwan University Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics No. 1, Sec 4, Roosevelt Rd 10617 Taipei TAIWAN
| | - Chih-I Wu
- National Taiwan University > No. 1, Sec 4, Roosevelt Rd 10617 Taipei TAIWAN
| | - Chun-hsien Chen
- National Taiwan University Department of Chemistry No. 1, Sec 4, Roosevelt Rd 10617 Taipei TAIWAN
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8
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Chen CH, Hsu CH, Ni IC, Lin BH, Wu CI, Kuo CC, Chueh CC. Regulating the phase distribution of quasi-2D perovskites using a three-dimensional cyclic molecule toward improved light-emitting performance. Nanoscale 2022; 14:17409-17417. [PMID: 36383153 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04735g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a molecule with a three-dimensional (3D) cyclic structure, a cryptand, is demonstrated as an effective additive for the quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) PEA2Csn-1PbnBr3n+1 (n = 3, herein) to improve its light-emitting performance. The cryptand can effectively regulate the phase distribution of the quasi-2D perovskite through its intense interaction with PbBr2, benefitting from its cage-like structure that can better capture the Pb2+ ions. Due to the inhibited growth of the low-n phases, a much-concentrated phase distribution is achieved for the cryptand-containing films. Moreover, its constituent O/N atoms can passivate the uncoordinated Pb2+ ions to improve the film quality. Such a synergistic effect thereby facilitates the charge/energy transfer among the multiple phases and reduces the non-radiative recombination. As a result, the quasi-2D perovskite light-emitting diode (PeLED) with the optimized cryptand doping ratio is shown to deliver the highest luminance (Lmax) of 15 532 cd m-2 with a highest external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 4.02%. Compared to the pristine device, Lmax is enhanced by ∼5 times and EQE is enhanced by ∼10 times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Han Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan, University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Hsin Hsu
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Material, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - I-Chih Ni
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Bi-Hsuan Lin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Chih-I Wu
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ching Kuo
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Material, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Chu-Chen Chueh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan, University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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9
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Huang JZ, Ni IC, Hsu YH, Li SW, Chan YC, Yang SY, Lee MH, Shue SL, Chen MH, Wu CI. Low-temperature synthesis of high-quality graphene by controlling the carbon-hydrogen ratio of the precursor. Nano Ex 2022. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/ac3388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A furnace-free inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition (ICP-PECVD) system, which does not require sample heating, was used to grow graphene at a temperature below 300 °C. This studies have found that under low-temperature PECVD growth conditions, liquid precursors are more suitable for preparing low-temperature graphene precursors than gaseous precursors. Hence, benzene is used as a carbon precursor to obtain a sheet resistance of approximately 1.24 kΩ sq−1. In this research, it was discovered that the carbon-hydrogen ratio of the precursor molecule is an important factor while using PECVD to grow graphene. This factor affects the quality of graphene and the sheet resistance value —when the carbon–hydrogen ratio for the precursor molecule is 1:1, graphene has the high quality and lowest sheet resistance; when it is less than 1:2, the graphene that cannot be deposited has the worst quality and sheet resistance. Furthermore, we found that methane, a precursor often used to deposit graphene, will etch graphene under low-temperature conditions, and that acetylene can be used as a precursor to deposit graphene. It was further proven that the carbon–hydrogen ratio of the precursor molecules in the PECVD process caused the reduction in the graphene temperature.
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10
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Chen CH, Kuo YH, Lin YK, Ni IC, Lin BH, Wu CI, Yip HL, Kuo CC, Chueh CC. Enhancing the Performance of Quasi-2D Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes Using Natural Cyclic Molecules with Distinct Phase Regulation Behaviors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:9587-9596. [PMID: 35142213 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two natural small molecules, α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), are used as additives to improve the performance of quasi-2D PEA2Csn-1PbnBr3n+1 (n = 3, herein) PeLEDs. Both of them are shown to efficiently passivate the quasi-2D perovskite films to afford improved film quality and morphology, but they exhibit distinct phase regulation behaviors possibly due to their different pore sizes. It reveals that α-CD effectively suppresses the formation of the low-n phases (n ≤ 2), while β-CD better regulates the phase with a medium-n value (n = 3). Because of effectively suppressing the formation of low-n phases, the CD-assisted quasi-2D perovskite films possess facilitated exciton energy transfer and reduced nonradiative recombination. Consequently, the optimized α-CD-derived PeLED shows the highest luminance (Lmax) of 37,825 cd/m2 with an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 3.81%, while the β-CD-derived PeLED delivers a lower Lmax of 24,793 cd/m2 with an EQE of 3.09%. Compared to the pristine device, Lmax is enhanced by 6.3 and 3.8 times for α-CD- and β-CD-based PeLEDs, respectively, and EQE is enhanced by ∼4.8 times for both devices; besides, both CD-assisted devices also exhibit improved color purity and a lower bias dependency of electroluminescent intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Han Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hung Kuo
- Insitute of Organic and Polymeric Material, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kuan Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - I-Chih Ni
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Bi-Hsuan Lin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Chih-I Wu
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hin-Lap Yip
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Chi-Ching Kuo
- Insitute of Organic and Polymeric Material, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Chen Chueh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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11
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Jiang CW, Ni IC, Tzeng SD, Kuo W. Nearly isotropic piezoresistive response due to charge detour conduction in nanoparticle thin films. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11939. [PMID: 26173736 PMCID: PMC4502517 DOI: 10.1038/srep11939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Piezoresistive responses of nanoparticle thin-film strain sensors on flexible polyimide substrates were studied. Disordered interparticle tunneling introduces microscopic detour of charge conduction so as to reduce gauge factors. The disorder also results in large resistance change when current flows in the direction perpendicular to a unidirectional strain, reducing response anisotropy. For practical usages, stability and endurance of these strain sensors are confirmed with 7 × 104 bending cycles. Cracks form in devices under prolonged cyclic bending and slightly reduce gauge factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Jiang
- Department of Physics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - I-Chih Ni
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Shien-Der Tzeng
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Watson Kuo
- 1] Department of Physics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan [2] Institute of NanoScience and Research Center for Sustainable Energy and Nanotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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12
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Hsiao HT, Ni IC, Tzeng SD, Lin WF, Lin CH. The n-type Ge photodetectors with gold nanoparticles deposited to enhance the responsivity. Nanoscale Res Lett 2014; 9:640. [PMID: 25489291 PMCID: PMC4256966 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been deposited on n-type Ge photodetectors to improve the responsivity. Two different coverage ratios, including 10.5 and 30.3% of AuNPs have been prepared, and the fabricated photodetectors are compared with the control sample. The 1,310-nm responsivities at -2 V of the control, 10.5% AuNPs, and 30.3% AuNPs samples are 465, 556, and 623 mA/W, respectively. The AuNPs could increase the responsivities due to the plasmon resonance. The reflectance spectra of these samples have been measured to verify that plasmon resonance contributes to the forward scattering of incident light. The reflectance decreases with AuNP deposition, and a denser coverage results in a smaller reflectance. The smaller reflectance indicates more light could penetrate into the Ge active layer, and it results in a larger responsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Tse Hsiao
- Department of Opto-electronic Engineering, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - I-Chih Ni
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Shien-Der Tzeng
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fan Lin
- Department of Opto-electronic Engineering, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Opto-electronic Engineering, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974, Taiwan
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Jiang CW, Ni IC, Tzeng SD, Wu CS, Kuo W. Identification of Mott insulators and Anderson insulators in self-assembled gold nanoparticles thin films. Nanoscale 2014; 6:5887-5893. [PMID: 24752439 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr06627d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
How the interparticle tunnelling affects the charge conduction of self-assembled gold nanoparticles is studied by three means: tuning the tunnel barrier width by different molecule modification and by substrate bending, and tuning the barrier height by high-dose electron beam exposure. All approaches indicate that the metal-Mott insulator transition is governed predominantly by the interparticle coupling strength, which can be quantified by the room temperature sheet resistance. The Hubbard gap, following the prediction of quantum fluctuation theory, reduces to zero rapidly as the sheet resistance decreases to the quantum resistance. At very low temperature, the fate of devices near the Mott transition depends on the strength of disorder. The charge conduction is from nearest-neighbour hopping to co-tunnelling between nanoparticles in Mott insulators whereas it is from variable-range hopping through charge puddles in Anderson insulators. When the two-dimensional nanoparticle network is under a unidirectional strain, the interparticle coupling becomes anisotropic so the average sheet resistance is required to describe the charge conduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Jiang
- Department of Physics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
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