1
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Roberts CT, Beck SK, Prejean CM, Graul LM, Maitland DJ, Grunlan MA. Star-PCL shape memory polymer (SMP) scaffolds with tunable transition temperatures for enhanced utility. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:3694-3702. [PMID: 38529581 PMCID: PMC11022546 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00050a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive shape memory polymers (SMPs) prepared from UV-curable poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) macromers have the potential to create self-fitting bone scaffolds, self-expanding vaginal stents, and other shape-shifting devices. To ensure tissue safety during deployment, the shape actuation temperature (i.e., the melt transition temperature or Tm of PCL) must be reduced from ∼55 °C that is observed for scaffolds prepared from linear-PCL-DA (Mn ∼ 10 kg mol-1). Moreover, increasing the rate of biodegradation would be advantageous, facilitating bone tissue healing and potentially eliminating the need for stent retrieval. Herein, a series of six UV-curable PCL macromers were prepared with linear or 4-arm star architectures and with Mns of 10, 7.5, and 5 kg mol-1, and subsequently fabricated into six porous scaffold compositions (10k, 7.5k, 5k, 10k★, 7.5k★, and 5k★) via solvent casting particulate leaching (SCPL). Scaffolds produced from star-PCL-tetraacrylate (star-PCL-TA) macromers produced pronounced reductions in Tm with decreased Mnversus those formed with the corresponding linear-PCL-diacrylate (linear-PCL-DA) macromers. Scaffolds were produced with the desired reduced Tm profiles: 37 °C < Tm < 55 °C (self-fitting bone scaffold), and Tm ≤ 37 °C (self-expanding stent). As macromer Mn decreased, crosslink density increased while % crystallinity decreased, particularly for scaffolds prepared from star-PCL-TA macromers. While shape memory behavior was retained and radial expansion pressure increased, this imparted a reduction in modulus but with an increase in the rate of degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courteney T Roberts
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
| | - Sarah K Beck
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
| | - C Mabel Prejean
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
| | - Lance M Graul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
| | - Duncan J Maitland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
| | - Melissa A Grunlan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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2
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Maniglio D, Bissoli E, Callone E, Dirè S, Motta A. Polymeric Hydrogels for Intervertebral Disc Replacement/Integration: Playing with the Chemical Composition for Tuning Shear Behavior and Hydrophilicity. Gels 2023; 9:912. [PMID: 37999002 PMCID: PMC10671477 DOI: 10.3390/gels9110912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Damages to the intervertebral disc (IVD) due to improper loading or degeneration result in back pain, which is a common disease affecting an increasing number of patients. Different strategies for IVD remediation have been developed, from surgical treatment to disc replacement, by using both metallic and non-metallic materials. Hydrogels are very attractive materials due to their ability to simulate the properties of many soft tissues; moreover, their chemical composition can be varied in order to assure performances similar to the natural disc. In particular, for the replacement of the IVD outer ring, namely, the anulus fibrosus, the shear properties are of paramount importance. In this work, we produced hydrogels through the photo-induced crosslinking of different mixtures composed of two hydrophilic monofunctional and difunctional polymers, namely, poly(ethyleneglycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMEMA) and poly(ethyleneglycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA), together with a hydrophobic molecule, i.e., tert-butyl acrylate (tBA). By changing the ratio among the precursors, we demonstrated the tunability of both the shear properties and hydrophilicity. The structural properties of hydrogels were studied by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). These experiments provided insights on both the structure and molecular dynamics of polymeric networks and, together with information obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), allowed for correlating the physical properties of the hydrogels with their chemical composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devid Maniglio
- BIOtech Research Center, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Delle Regole 101, 38123 Trento, Italy; (D.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Elia Bissoli
- BIOtech Research Center, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Delle Regole 101, 38123 Trento, Italy; (D.M.); (A.M.)
- “Klaus Müller” Magnetic Resonance Lab., Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Emanuela Callone
- “Klaus Müller” Magnetic Resonance Lab., Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Sandra Dirè
- “Klaus Müller” Magnetic Resonance Lab., Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Antonella Motta
- BIOtech Research Center, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Delle Regole 101, 38123 Trento, Italy; (D.M.); (A.M.)
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3
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Li D, Chen Y, Sun L, Zhou J, Dong L, Ren J. The Role of Interchain Force and/or Chain Entanglement in the Melt Strength and Ductility of PLA-Based Materials. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300577. [PMID: 37466153 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
As an eco-friendly material, PLA was a desirable alternative to polyethylene and polypropylene films due to its biodegradability. The preferable melt strength of PLA-based materials was a key factor in ensuring its processing using extrusion blow. This paper focuses on the influence of interchain force and/or chain entanglement on the melt strength and ductility of PLA-based materials in recent years. In addition, the preparation of PLA-based materials via physical blending or reactive processing was also summarized. The blending of PLA with a flexible heteropolymer, driven by the interchain force and/or chain entanglements, were characterized as a practicable method for toughening PLA-based materials. Also, the restructuring of PLA chains, by branching based on chain entanglement, was suitable for increasing chain entanglements in PLA matrix, yielding satisfactory melt strength and ductility. This review aims to elucidate the relationship between interchain forces and/or entanglement with the melt strength and ductility of PLA-based materials. An essential and systematic understanding of the tailoring melt strength and rheological properties of PLA by interchain forces and/or entanglement was apt to improve and perfect the processing technology of the extrusion blow, and consequently improve the tensile strength and toughness of PLA films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deling Li
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221018, China
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221018, China
| | - Limei Sun
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221018, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221018, China
| | - Liming Dong
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221018, China
| | - Jizhen Ren
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221018, China
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4
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Yu CF, Rwei SP, Yang SJ, Tsen WC, Lin LH. Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(DL-lactide) Containing Fluorene Structures. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15112555. [PMID: 37299353 DOI: 10.3390/polym15112555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
9,9-bis[4-(2-hydroxy-3-acryloyloxypropoxy)phenyl]fluorene (BPF) hydroxyl groups (-OH) were used as initiators in the ring-opening polymerization reaction with DL-lactide monomers at different molar ratios to synthesize a Poly(DL-lactide) polymer containing bisphenol fluorene structure and acrylate functional groups (DL-BPF). The polymer's structure and molecular weight range were analyzed using NMR (1H, 13C) and gel permeation chromatography. DL-BPF was then subjected to photocrosslinking using the photoinitiator Omnirad 1173, resulting in the formation of an optically transparent crosslinked polymer. Characterization of the crosslinked polymer involved analyzing its gel content, refractive index, thermal stability (via differential scanning thermometry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)), as well as conducting cytotoxicity tests. The crosslinked copolymer exhibited a maximum refractive index of 1.5276, a maximum glass transition temperature of 61.1 °C, and cell survival rates higher than 83% in the cytotoxicity tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Fu Yu
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106344, Taiwan
| | - Syang-Peng Rwei
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106344, Taiwan
- Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology, Taipei 106344, Taiwan
| | - Shung-Jim Yang
- Department of Aeronautical and Opto-Mechatronic Engineering, Vanung University, Taoyuan 320313, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chin Tsen
- Graduate School of Fabric Technology Management, Lee-Ming Institute of Technology, New Taipei City 243083, Taiwan
| | - Li-Huei Lin
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Vanung University, Taoyuan 320313, Taiwan
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5
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Ahmad Shariff SH, Daik R, Haris MS, Ismail MW. Hydrophobic Drug Carrier from Polycaprolactone- b-Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Star-Shaped Polymers Hydrogel Blend as Potential for Wound Healing Application. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092072. [PMID: 37177238 PMCID: PMC10181117 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Blending hydrogel with an amphiphilic polymer can increase the hydrophobic drug loading and entrapment efficiency of hydrogel-based formulations. In this study, a hydrogel formulation with star-shaped polycaprolactone-b-poly(ethylene glycol) (PCL-b-PEG) as the hydrophobic drug cargo is produced. The 4-arm and 6-arm star-shaped PCL are synthesized with different molecular weights (5000, 10,000, 15,000 g/mol) via ROP and MPEG as the hydrophilic segment is attached via the Steglich esterification. FTIR and 1H-NMR analysis showed the presence of all functional groups for homopolymers and copolymers. Mn for all synthesized polymers is close to the theoretical value while GPC spectra showed a monomodal peak with narrow molecular weight distribution (PDI:1.01-1.25). The thermal degradation temperature and crystalline melting point of synthesized polymers increase with the increase in molecular weight and number of arms. All formulations possess high drug loading and entrapment efficiency (>99%) and increase with increasing molecular weight, number of arms, and amount of polymer in the formulations. All formulations showed a sustained drug release pattern with no initial burst, which follows the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model. The polymer hydrogel formulations showed antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. The hydrogel containing 4-arm PCL15k-PEG is chosen as the best formulation due to its high drug release, good antimicrobial activity, and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Hajar Ahmad Shariff
- Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia
| | - Rusli Daik
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Salahuddin Haris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia
- IKOP Pharma Sdn Bhd, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Wafiuddin Ismail
- Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia
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6
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Yu CF, Rwei SP, Shu YC. One-pot synthesis of liquid photocrosslinkable poly(l-lactide) with terminal triacrylate. RSC Adv 2023; 13:2331-2338. [PMID: 36741150 PMCID: PMC9841444 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05937a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We synthesized a poly(l-lactide)-pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) polymer modified with acrylic trifunctional groups using a one-pot method based on ring-opening polymerization of l-lactide and PETA. We calculated the molecular weight and structure of PLA-PETA using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (1H, 13C, heteronuclear multiple bond correlation [HMBC]) spectroscopy. Photocrosslinking PLA-PETA using the Omnirad 1173 photoinitiator yielded a transparent sample with 91% crosslinkage. The crosslinked sample was analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and thermomechanical analysis (TMA) to determine its thermal properties and thermal expansion coefficient. In vitro cell toxicity tests showed an average cell viability >90%, indicating that the PLA-PETA polymer had good biocompatibility with cells after photocrosslinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Fu Yu
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research, National Taipei University of Technology1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd.Taipei 10608TaiwanRepublic of China
| | - Syang-Peng Rwei
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research, National Taipei University of Technology1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd.Taipei 10608TaiwanRepublic of China,Research and Development Center for Smart Textile TechnologyTaiwan
| | - Yao-Chi Shu
- Graduate School of Fabric Technology Management, Lee-Ming Institute of TechnologyTaiwan
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7
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Biodegradable and biocompatible supramolecular polymers based on poly(ε-caprolactone-co-δ-valerolactone)-b-poly(lactide) block copolymers with different branched structures: Synthesis, crystallization and properties. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Synthesis of branched and benzyl chlorine-free poly(4-acetoxystyrene) via living polymerization followed by Friedel–Crafts alkylation. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04437-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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9
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Goonesinghe C, Jung HJ, Roshandel H, Diaz C, Baalbaki HA, Nyamayaro K, Ezhova M, Hosseini K, Mehrkhodavandi P. An Air Stable Cationic Indium Catalyst for Formation of High-Molecular-Weight Cyclic Poly(lactic acid). ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chatura Goonesinghe
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Hyuk-Joon Jung
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Hootan Roshandel
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Carlos Diaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Hassan A. Baalbaki
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Kudzanai Nyamayaro
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Maria Ezhova
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Kimia Hosseini
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Parisa Mehrkhodavandi
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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10
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De Hoe GX, Şucu T, Shaver MP. Sustainability and Polyesters: Beyond Metals and Monomers to Function and Fate. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:1514-1523. [PMID: 35579567 PMCID: PMC9178795 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Poor waste management and unchecked consumption underpin our current
paradigm of plastics use, which is demonstrably unsustainable in the
long term. Nonetheless, the utility and versatility of plastics suggest
that the notion of a plastic-free society is also unsustainable. Responses
to this conundrum are increasing, and among these are research efforts
focused on the development of more sustainable plastics. This Account,
written by trained chemists, reflects an academic research journey
culminating in an appreciation of the importance of improving and
enabling the overarching systems that plastics exist within. Our primary
initial focus was on catalyst development because catalysts are key
drivers of sustainability by improving the efficiency and ease of
polymerization. Metal catalysts ranging in ligand structure and the
incorporated metal(s) were developed for the preparation of traditional
polyesters such as poly(lactic acid) and polycaprolactone. The central
themes in these works were stereocontrol (tacticity), efficiency (polymerization
rate), and versatility (monomer scope). Alongside insights gained
by systematically varying catalyst structure came impressive results
gained through collaboration, including the remarkably high activity
of novel heterometallic zinc catalysts toward various cyclic esters. This catalysis work was complemented by and slowly transitioned
to a focus on polymer functionality and monomer design. Several fundamental
studies focus on polymer topology, specifically star-shaped polyesters,
tuned arm number, length, and tacticity. These reports feature emphases
on the end of life (solvolysis) and physical properties of polymers,
which were increasingly important themes as work shifted toward new
methods of incorporating functionality in polymers produced by ring-opening
polymerization. Three key highlights demonstrate this shift: the first
two rely upon the exploitation of olefin metathesis (cross- and ring-closing)
to functionalize polyesters or polyethers, and the third involves
the manipulation of ring-opening polymerization equilibrium to enable
selective monomer recovery from a polyester. Our foundational work
on 1,3-dioxolan-4-one (DOX) monomers is then discussed because this
emerging class of molecules offers a distinct synthetic pathway toward
functional polyesters, both conventional and novel. With this DOX
framework, polyesters that are usually challenging to synthesize (e.g.,
poly(mandelic acid)) are accessible because polymerization is driven
by the concomitant, controlled extrusion of small molecules (acetone
or formaldehyde). After these polyester-focused highlights,
the foundation of our
ongoing work is presented, namely, that polymer sustainability must
be viewed from a systems-level perspective, including economic and
social components alongside the environmental considerations. Material
design must be driven by practice, and we have to involve key players
in academia, industry, and government in a concerted effort to enable
positive and robust change. The key goal is to develop sustainable
systems that retain plastics in their highest value state for as long
as possible by designing materials and products for a particular (and
assured) end-of-life fate, whether that be reuse, recycling, (bio)degradation,
or energy recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilhem X. De Hoe
- Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 3BB, United Kingdom
- Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, Sustainable Materials Innovation Hub, Manchester M13 9BL, United Kingdom
| | - Theona Şucu
- Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 3BB, United Kingdom
- Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, Sustainable Materials Innovation Hub, Manchester M13 9BL, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P. Shaver
- Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 3BB, United Kingdom
- Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, Sustainable Materials Innovation Hub, Manchester M13 9BL, United Kingdom
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Kost B, Basko M, Bednarek M, Socka M, Kopka B, Łapienis G, Biela T, Kubisa P, Brzeziński M. The influence of the functional end groups on the properties of polylactide-based materials. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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12
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Vlachopoulos A, Karlioti G, Balla E, Daniilidis V, Kalamas T, Stefanidou M, Bikiaris ND, Christodoulou E, Koumentakou I, Karavas E, Bikiaris DN. Poly(Lactic Acid)-Based Microparticles for Drug Delivery Applications: An Overview of Recent Advances. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020359. [PMID: 35214091 PMCID: PMC8877458 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The sustained release of pharmaceutical substances remains the most convenient way of drug delivery. Hence, a great variety of reports can be traced in the open literature associated with drug delivery systems (DDS). Specifically, the use of microparticle systems has received special attention during the past two decades. Polymeric microparticles (MPs) are acknowledged as very prevalent carriers toward an enhanced bio-distribution and bioavailability of both hydrophilic and lipophilic drug substances. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), and their copolymers are among the most frequently used biodegradable polymers for encapsulated drugs. This review describes the current state-of-the-art research in the study of poly(lactic acid)/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles and PLA-copolymers with other aliphatic acids as drug delivery devices for increasing the efficiency of drug delivery, enhancing the release profile, and drug targeting of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). Potential advances in generics and the constant discovery of therapeutic peptides will hopefully promote the success of microsphere technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Vlachopoulos
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.V.); (G.K.); (E.B.); (V.D.); (T.K.); (M.S.); (N.D.B.); (E.C.); (I.K.)
| | - Georgia Karlioti
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.V.); (G.K.); (E.B.); (V.D.); (T.K.); (M.S.); (N.D.B.); (E.C.); (I.K.)
| | - Evangelia Balla
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.V.); (G.K.); (E.B.); (V.D.); (T.K.); (M.S.); (N.D.B.); (E.C.); (I.K.)
| | - Vasileios Daniilidis
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.V.); (G.K.); (E.B.); (V.D.); (T.K.); (M.S.); (N.D.B.); (E.C.); (I.K.)
| | - Theocharis Kalamas
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.V.); (G.K.); (E.B.); (V.D.); (T.K.); (M.S.); (N.D.B.); (E.C.); (I.K.)
| | - Myrika Stefanidou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.V.); (G.K.); (E.B.); (V.D.); (T.K.); (M.S.); (N.D.B.); (E.C.); (I.K.)
| | - Nikolaos D. Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.V.); (G.K.); (E.B.); (V.D.); (T.K.); (M.S.); (N.D.B.); (E.C.); (I.K.)
| | - Evi Christodoulou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.V.); (G.K.); (E.B.); (V.D.); (T.K.); (M.S.); (N.D.B.); (E.C.); (I.K.)
| | - Ioanna Koumentakou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.V.); (G.K.); (E.B.); (V.D.); (T.K.); (M.S.); (N.D.B.); (E.C.); (I.K.)
| | - Evangelos Karavas
- Pharmathen S.A., Pharmaceutical Industry, Dervenakion Str. 6, Pallini Attikis, GR-153 51 Attiki, Greece
- Correspondence: (E.K.); (D.N.B.); Tel.: +30-231-099-7812 (D.N.B.)
| | - Dimitrios N. Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.V.); (G.K.); (E.B.); (V.D.); (T.K.); (M.S.); (N.D.B.); (E.C.); (I.K.)
- Correspondence: (E.K.); (D.N.B.); Tel.: +30-231-099-7812 (D.N.B.)
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13
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Fournier L, Rivera Mirabal DM, Hillmyer MA. Toward Sustainable Elastomers from the Grafting-Through Polymerization of Lactone-Containing Polyester Macromonomers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Fournier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | | | - Marc A. Hillmyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
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14
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Krieghoff J, Kascholke C, Loth R, Starke A, Koenig A, Schulz-Siegmund M, Hacker MC. Composition-controlled degradation behavior of macroporous scaffolds from three-armed biodegradable macromers. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Münster K, Raeder J, Walter MD. Synthesis and characterisation of an enantiomerically pure scandium pentadienyl complex and its application in the polymerisation of rac-lactide. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:986-997. [PMID: 34931626 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03920b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The alkyl-functionalised scandium complex [(pdl*SiMe2NtBu)Sc(thf)(CH2SiMe3)] (2) was synthesised in enantiomerically pure form and characterised by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Complex 2 features a chiral constrained geometry ligand derived from the natural compound (1R)-(-)-myrtenal, in which the pentadienyl (pdl*) fragment coordinates in η3:η2-allyl-en fashion to the scandium atom. Compound 2 catalyses the polymerisation of rac-lactide at 30 °C and 50 °C yielding amorphous poly(lactide) with slightly heterotactic enchainment (Pm = 0.36 and 0.37). In agreement with the data obtained from GPC and DSC measurements, a chain-end control mechanism is proposed with fast chain propagation relative to the initiation, which leads to broad molecular weight distributions (Đ ≈ 1.80) and higher than expected molecular weights. Furthermore, chain transfer processes are observed, but only small amounts of transesterification and racemisation occur. Kinetic studies reveal a second-order dependence in rac-lactide (monomer) concentration and a first-order dependence in the concentration of catalyst 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Münster
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Jan Raeder
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Marc D Walter
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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16
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Zhao X, Li J, Liu J, Zhou W, Peng S. Recent progress of preparation of branched poly(lactic acid) and its application in the modification of polylactic acid materials. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:874-892. [PMID: 34728305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) with branched structure has abundant terminal groups, high melt strength, good rheological properties, and excellent processability; it is a new research and application direction of PLA materials. This study mainly summarizes the molecular structure design, preparation methods, basic properties of branched PLA, and its application in modified PLA materials. The structure and properties of branched PLA prepared by ring-opening polymerization of monomer, functional group polycondensation, and chain extender in the processing process were introduced. The research progress of in situ formation of branched PLA by initiators, multifunctional monomers/additives through dynamic vulcanization, and irradiation induction was described. The effect of branched PLA on the structure and properties of linear PLA materials was analyzed. The role of branched PLA in improving the crystallization behavior, phase morphology, foaming properties, and mechanical properties of linear PLA materials was discussed. At the same time, its research progress in biomedicine and tissue engineering was analyzed. Branched PLA has excellent compatibility with PLA, which has important research value in regulating the structure and properties of PLA materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xipo Zhao
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-weight Materials and Processing, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Juncheng Li
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-weight Materials and Processing, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Jinchao Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-weight Materials and Processing, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Weiyi Zhou
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-weight Materials and Processing, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Shaoxian Peng
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-weight Materials and Processing, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
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17
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Lednev I, Salomatina E, Ilyina S, Zaitsev S, Kovylin R, Smirnova L. Development of Biodegradable Polymer Blends Based on Chitosan and Polylactide and Study of Their Properties. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14174900. [PMID: 34500990 PMCID: PMC8432718 DOI: 10.3390/ma14174900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Composite materials of various compositions based on chitosan and polylactide were obtained in the form of films or porous bulk samples. Preliminarily, poly-d,l-lactide was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of lactide in the presence of Ti(OiPr)4. Polylactide obtained at components molar ratio [lactide]:[Ti(OiPr)4] = 3:1 had the best molecular weight characteristics at a high product yield. Film composition with the weight ratio chitosan-polylactide 50:50 wt. % was characterized by high mechanical properties. The value of the tensile strength of the film was 72 MPa with a deformation of 10% and an elastic modulus of 40 GPa, which is higher than the tensile strength of native chitosan by ~three times. The observed effect is a consequence of the fact that the chitosan-polylactide composite has an amorphous structure in contrast to the native chitosan, which is proved by X-ray phase analysis. An increase in the elastic modulus of the composite in the range of 20–60 °C in contrast to polylactide was found by dynamic mechanical analysis. The observed effect is apparently caused by the formation of hydrogen bonds between functional groups of chitosan and polylactide which is possible through an increase in polylactide segments mobility when its glass transition temperature is reached. The composite material is biocompatible and characterized by high cellular adhesion of fibroblasts (line hTERT BJ-5ta). Their growth on the composite surface was 2.4 times more active than on native chitosan. Bulk porous samples of the composition with the weight ratio chitosan-polylactide 50:50 wt. % were synthesized by original method in ammonium bicarbonate presence. Samples were characterized by a porosity of 82.4% and an average pore size of 100 microns. The biodegradability of such material and absence of inflammatory processes were proven in vivo by the blood parameters of experimental animals. Thus, materials with the weight ratio chitosan-polylactide 50:50 wt. % are promising for potential use in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Lednev
- Chemistry Department, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Ave, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (I.L.); (E.S.); (S.I.); (S.Z.)
| | - Evgeniia Salomatina
- Chemistry Department, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Ave, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (I.L.); (E.S.); (S.I.); (S.Z.)
| | - Svetlana Ilyina
- Chemistry Department, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Ave, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (I.L.); (E.S.); (S.I.); (S.Z.)
| | - Sergey Zaitsev
- Chemistry Department, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Ave, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (I.L.); (E.S.); (S.I.); (S.Z.)
| | - Roman Kovylin
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinina St., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia;
| | - Larisa Smirnova
- Chemistry Department, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Ave, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (I.L.); (E.S.); (S.I.); (S.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-8-(831)-462-32-35
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18
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Gomzyak VI, Sedush NG, Puchkov AA, Polyakov DK, Chvalun SN. Linear and Branched Lactide Polymers for Targeted Drug Delivery Systems. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090421030064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The review presents modern advances in the synthesis of biodegradable polymers based on lactide of various topologies and also analyzes the main methods for preparation of nanoparticles that show promise for the creation of targeted drug delivery systems.
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Ring-Opening Copolymerization of Cyclohexene Oxide and Cyclic Anhydrides Catalyzed by Bimetallic Scorpionate Zinc Catalysts. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13101651. [PMID: 34069623 PMCID: PMC8161297 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The catalytic activity and high selectivity reported by bimetallic heteroscorpionate acetate zinc complexes in ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP) reactions involving CO2 as substrate encouraged us to expand their use as catalysts for ROCOP of cyclohexene oxide (CHO) and cyclic anhydrides. Among the catalysts tested for the ROCOP of CHO and phthalic anhydride at different reaction conditions, the most active catalytic system was the combination of complex 3 with bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium as cocatalyst in toluene at 80 °C. Once the optimal catalytic system was determined, the scope in terms of other cyclic anhydrides was broadened. The catalytic system was capable of copolymerizing selectively and efficiently CHO with phthalic, maleic, succinic and naphthalic anhydrides to afford the corresponding polyester materials. The polyesters obtained were characterized by spectroscopic, spectrometric, and calorimetric techniques. Finally, the reaction mechanism of the catalytic system was proposed based on stoichiometric reactions.
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20
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Li P, Zhu X, Kong M, Lv Y, Huang Y, Yang Q, Li G. Fully biodegradable polylactide foams with ultrahigh expansion ratio and heat resistance for green packaging. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:222-234. [PMID: 33930441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Long chain branching (LCB) structures are efficiently introduced into polylactide (PLA) by employing sustainable soybean oil (SO) under the initiation of trace amount of cyclic peroxide, which displays robust foamability and heat resistance. It is discovered that with the introduction of 0.6 wt% SO, the expansion ratio and Vicat softening temperature of LCB PLA are sharply raised to 75.2-fold and 155.8 °C, respectively, which is about 17.9 and 2.6 times those of linear PLA. This is because that the amounts of LCB structures are significantly increased in LCB PLA by the addition of SO with low reactivity of internal CC bonds, which can avoid the oligomerization reaction, resulting in more dramatically improved melting strength and crystallization performance of LCB PLA. Moreover, the hydrolytic degradation of LCB PLA is largely expedited as compared to linear PLA, owing to the more rapid water permeation caused by the loose packing of LCB structures. Finally, the PLA foam tray with light weight and good heat resistance is successfully developed by using LCB PLA with 0.6 wt% SO through extrusion foaming with supercritical carbon oxide and thermoforming techniques. Hence, this research offers a green route to produce eco-friendly light-weight and high-heat-resistance LCB-PLA foam with full biodegradability, which is an ideal alternative to the non-degradable oil-based plastics in the field of disposable packaging products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Miqiu Kong
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China.
| | - Yadong Lv
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Yajiang Huang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Qi Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Guangxian Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
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21
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Li Z, Song S, Lv X, Sun S. Enhanced the melt strength, toughness and stiffness balance of the reactive PB-g-SAG core–shell particles modified polylactide blends with the aid of a multifunctional epoxy-based chain extender. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02511-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Cleto S, Haslinger K, Prather KLJ, Lu TK. Natural combinatorial genetics and prolific polyamine production enable siderophore diversification in Serratia plymuthica. BMC Biol 2021; 19:46. [PMID: 33722216 PMCID: PMC7962358 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-00971-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron is essential for bacterial survival. Bacterial siderophores are small molecules with unmatched capacity to scavenge iron from proteins and the extracellular milieu, where it mostly occurs as insoluble Fe3+. Siderophores chelate Fe3+ for uptake into the cell, where it is reduced to soluble Fe2+. Siderophores are key molecules in low soluble iron conditions. The ability of bacteria to synthesize proprietary siderophores may have increased bacterial evolutionary fitness; one way that bacteria diversify siderophore structure is by incorporating different polyamine backbones while maintaining the catechol moieties. RESULTS We report that Serratia plymuthica V4 produces a variety of siderophores, which we term the siderome, and which are assembled by the concerted action of enzymes encoded in two independent gene clusters. Besides assembling serratiochelin A and B with diaminopropane, S. plymuthica utilizes putrescine and the same set of enzymes to assemble photobactin, a siderophore found in the bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens. The enzymes encoded by one of the gene clusters can independently assemble enterobactin. A third, independent operon is responsible for biosynthesis of the hydroxamate siderophore aerobactin, initially described in Enterobacter aerogenes. Mutant strains not synthesizing polyamine-siderophores significantly increased enterobactin production levels, though lack of enterobactin did not impact the production of serratiochelins. Knocking out SchF0, an enzyme involved in the assembly of enterobactin alone, significantly reduced bacterial fitness. CONCLUSIONS This study shows the natural occurrence of serratiochelins, photobactin, enterobactin, and aerobactin in a single bacterial species and illuminates the interplay between siderophore biosynthetic pathways and polyamine production, indicating routes of molecular diversification. Given its natural yields of diaminopropane (97.75 μmol/g DW) and putrescine (30.83 μmol/g DW), S. plymuthica can be exploited for the industrial production of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cleto
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kristina Haslinger
- Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kristala L J Prather
- Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Timothy K Lu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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23
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Glova AD, Melnikova SD, Mercurieva AA, Larin SV, Nazarychev VM, Polotsky AA, Lyulin SV. Branched versus linear lactide chains for cellulose nanoparticle modification: an atomistic molecular dynamics study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:457-469. [PMID: 33320128 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04556j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We studied the structure of brushes consisting of branched oligolactide (OLA) chains grafted onto the surface of cellulose nanoparticles (CNPs) in polylactide (PLA) and compared the outcomes to the case of grafting linear OLA chains using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. The systems were considered in a melt state. The branched model OLA chains comprised one branching point and three branches, while the linear OLA chains examined had a molecular weight similar to the branched chains. It was shown that free branches of the branched OLA chains tend to fold back toward the CNPs due to dipole-dipole interactions within the grafted layer, in contrast to the well-established behavior of the grafted uncharged branched chains. This result, however, is in qualitative agreement with the conformational behavior known for linear OLA chains. At the same time, no significant difference in the effectiveness of covering the filler surface with grafted branched or linear OLA chains was found. In terms of the expelling ability of the grafted chains and the interaction between PLA and CNP or OLA, the linear chains were broadly similar (sparse grafting) or better (intermediate or dense grafting) compared to the branched ones. Thus, the grafted lactide chains with a linear architecture, rather than their branched counterpart, may be preferable for the covalent modification of cellulose nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artyom D Glova
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoj pr. 31 (V.O.), St. Petersburg 199004, Russia.
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24
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Jiang Y, Li Z, Song S, Sun S, Li Q. Highly‐modified polylactide transparent blends with better heat‐resistance, melt strength, toughness and stiffness balance due to the compatibilization and chain extender effects of methacrylate
‐
co
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glycidyl methacrylate copolymer. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Jiang
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Zhaokun Li
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Shixin Song
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Shulin Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Quanming Li
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, College of Materials Science & Engineering Jilin University Changchun China
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25
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Barra A, Santos JDC, Silva MRF, Nunes C, Ruiz-Hitzky E, Gonçalves I, Yildirim S, Ferreira P, Marques PAAP. Graphene Derivatives in Biopolymer-Based Composites for Food Packaging Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2077. [PMID: 33096705 PMCID: PMC7589102 DOI: 10.3390/nano10102077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review aims to showcase the current use of graphene derivatives, graphene-based nanomaterials in particular, in biopolymer-based composites for food packaging applications. A brief introduction regarding the valuable attributes of available and emergent bioplastic materials is made so that their contributions to the packaging field can be understood. Furthermore, their drawbacks are also disclosed to highlight the benefits that graphene derivatives can bring to bio-based formulations, from physicochemical to mechanical, barrier, and functional properties as antioxidant activity or electrical conductivity. The reported improvements in biopolymer-based composites carried out by graphene derivatives in the last three years are discussed, pointing to their potential for innovative food packaging applications such as electrically conductive food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Barra
- Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.B.); (J.D.C.S.); (M.R.F.S.)
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (C.N.); (I.G.)
- Materials Science Institute of Madrid, CSIC, c/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jéssica D. C. Santos
- Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.B.); (J.D.C.S.); (M.R.F.S.)
- Institute of Food and Beverage Innovation, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland;
| | - Mariana R. F. Silva
- Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.B.); (J.D.C.S.); (M.R.F.S.)
| | - Cláudia Nunes
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (C.N.); (I.G.)
| | - Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky
- Materials Science Institute of Madrid, CSIC, c/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Idalina Gonçalves
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (C.N.); (I.G.)
| | - Selçuk Yildirim
- Institute of Food and Beverage Innovation, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland;
| | - Paula Ferreira
- Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.B.); (J.D.C.S.); (M.R.F.S.)
| | - Paula A. A. P. Marques
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, TEMA—Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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26
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de la Cruz-Martínez F, Martínez de Sarasa Buchaca M, Martínez J, Tejeda J, Fernández-Baeza J, Alonso-Moreno C, Rodríguez AM, Castro-Osma JA, Lara-Sánchez A. Bimetallic Zinc Catalysts for Ring-Opening Copolymerization Processes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:8412-8423. [PMID: 32452688 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Novel bimetallic zinc acetate complexes supported by heteroscorpionate ligands have been developed for the ring-opening copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide and CO2 and the terpolymerization of cyclohexene oxide, phthalic anhydride, and CO2. Heteroscorpionate ligands precursors L1-L3 were reacted with two equivalents of zinc acetate to afford the dinuclear zinc complexes [{Zn(κ3-bpzappe)}(μ-O2CCH3)3-{Zn(HO2CCH3)}] (1), [{Zn(κ3-bpzbdmape)}(μ-O2CCH3)3-{Zn(HO2CCH3)}] (2), and [{Zn(κ3-bpzbdeape)}(μ-O2CCH3)3{Zn(HO2CCH3)}] (3) in excellent yields. The molecular structure of these compounds was determined spectroscopically and confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. Zinc acetate complexes 1-3 were screened as catalysts for the copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide and CO2 to produce poly(cyclohexene)carbonate, and complex 3 was found to be the most active catalyst for this process in the absence of a cocatalyst. Furthermore, the terpolymerization of cyclohexene oxide, phthalic anhydride, and CO2 was studied using the combination of complex 3 and 4-dimethylaminopyridine as catalyst system yielding the corresponding polyester-polycarbonate materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe de la Cruz-Martínez
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquı́mica-Centro de Innovación en Quı́mica Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologı́as Quı́micas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071-Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Marc Martínez de Sarasa Buchaca
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquı́mica-Centro de Innovación en Quı́mica Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologı́as Quı́micas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071-Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquı́mica-Centro de Innovación en Quı́mica Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologı́as Quı́micas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071-Ciudad Real, Spain.,Laboratorio de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Facultad de Quı́mica, Universidad Católica de Chile Casilla 306, Santiago-22 6094411, Chile
| | - Juan Tejeda
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquı́mica-Centro de Innovación en Quı́mica Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologı́as Quı́micas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071-Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Juan Fernández-Baeza
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquı́mica-Centro de Innovación en Quı́mica Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologı́as Quı́micas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071-Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Carlos Alonso-Moreno
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquı́mica-Centro de Innovación en Quı́mica Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071-Albacete, Spain
| | - Ana M Rodríguez
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquı́mica-Centro de Innovación en Quı́mica Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologı́as Quı́micas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071-Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José A Castro-Osma
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquı́mica-Centro de Innovación en Quı́mica Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071-Albacete, Spain
| | - Agustín Lara-Sánchez
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquı́mica-Centro de Innovación en Quı́mica Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologı́as Quı́micas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071-Ciudad Real, Spain
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Chen WG, Hu N, Chen Y, Pan H. Sustainable branched polylactides with N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine as branching units: Intrinsic photoluminescence, guest encapsulation and multifunctional additive for poly(l-lactide) plastics. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fahnhorst GW, De Hoe GX, Hillmyer MA, Hoye TR. 4-Carboalkoxylated Polyvalerolactones from Malic Acid: Tough and Degradable Polyesters. Macromolecules 2020; 53:3194-3201. [PMID: 34334815 PMCID: PMC8323767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Eight 4-carboalkoxyvalerolactones (CRVLs), varying in the composition of their alkyl (R) side chains, were synthesized from malic acid and subjected to ring-opening transesterification polymerization (ROTEP) using diphenyl phosphate [DPP, (PhO)2PO2H] as a catalyst. Each CRVL produced a semicrystalline poly(4-carboalkoxyvalerolactone) (PCRVL), and the nature of the R group impacted the thermal transitions of these polyesters. Bulk polymerizations at 70 °C allowed for preparation of high molar mass samples that contained small amounts of branching, as evidenced by 1H NMR spectroscopy, MALDI spectrometry, size-exclusion chromatography, and eliminative degradation. Tensile testing of these lightly branched, high molar mass samples revealed that these polyesters are tough (tensile toughness values up to 88 ± 33 MJ•m-3) and have Young's moduli (E) up to 186 ± 13 MPa. The acid- and base-catalyzed hydrolytic degradation of the PCRVLs was quantitatively monitored using total organic carbon analysis, and effect of the alkyl chain length on PCRVL hydrolysis rate was determined. Finally, the methyl ester variant of these malic acid-derived thermoplastics is known to be chemically recyclable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant W. Fahnhorst
- Department of Chemistry, 207 Pleasant Street, SE, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Guilhem X. De Hoe
- Department of Chemistry, 207 Pleasant Street, SE, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Marc A. Hillmyer
- Department of Chemistry, 207 Pleasant Street, SE, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Thomas R. Hoye
- Department of Chemistry, 207 Pleasant Street, SE, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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Miranda CS, Ribeiro ARM, Homem NC, Felgueiras HP. Spun Biotextiles in Tissue Engineering and Biomolecules Delivery Systems. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E174. [PMID: 32290536 PMCID: PMC7235791 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9040174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, tissue engineering is described as an interdisciplinary field that combines engineering principles and life sciences to generate implantable devices to repair, restore and/or improve functions of injured tissues. Such devices are designed to induce the interaction and integration of tissue and cells within the implantable matrices and are manufactured to meet the appropriate physical, mechanical and physiological local demands. Biodegradable constructs based on polymeric fibers are desirable for tissue engineering due to their large surface area, interconnectivity, open pore structure, and controlled mechanical strength. Additionally, biodegradable constructs are also very sought-out for biomolecule delivery systems with a target-directed action. In the present review, we explore the properties of some of the most common biodegradable polymers used in tissue engineering applications and biomolecule delivery systems and highlight their most important uses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Helena P. Felgueiras
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Department of Textile Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (C.S.M.); (A.R.M.R.); (N.C.H.)
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30
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Scoponi G, Guzman-Puyol S, Caputo G, Ceseracciu L, Athanassiou A, Heredia-Guerrero JA. Highly biodegradable, ductile all-polylactide blends. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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31
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O'Brien DM, Atkinson RL, Cavanagh R, Pacheco AA, Larder R, Kortsen K, Krumins E, Haddleton AJ, Alexander C, Stockman RA, Howdle SM, Taresco V. A ‘greener’ one-pot synthesis of monoterpene-functionalised lactide oligomers. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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32
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Giuntoli A, Chremos A, Douglas JF. Influence of polymer topology on crystallization in thin films. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:044501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5134983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Giuntoli
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
- Department of Physics, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, USA
| | - Alexandros Chremos
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
- Department of Physics, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, USA
| | - Jack F. Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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Synthesis and Properties of Bioresorbable Block Copolymers of l-Lactide, Glycolide, Butyl Succinate and Butyl Citrate. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12010214. [PMID: 31952266 PMCID: PMC7023550 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper presents the course of synthesis and properties of a series of block copolymers intended for biomedical applications, mainly as a material for forming scaffolds for tissue engineering. These materials were obtained in the polymerization of l-lactide and copolymerization of l-lactide with glycolide carried out using a number of macroinitiators previously obtained in the reaction of polytransesterification of succinic diester, citric triester and 1,4-butanediol. NMR, FTIR and DSC were used to characterize the materials obtained; wettability and surface free energy were assessed too. Moreover, biological tests, i.e., viability and metabolic activity of MG-63 osteoblast-like cells in contact with synthesized polymers were performed. Properties of obtained block copolymers were controlled by the composition of the polymerization mixture and by the composition of the macroinitiator. The copolymers contained active side hydroxyl groups derived from citrate units present in the polymer chain. During the polymerization of l-lactide in the presence of polyesters with butylene citrate units in the chain, obtained products of the reaction held a fraction of highly branched copolymers with ultrahigh molecular weight. The reason for this observed phenomenon was strong intermolecular transesterification directed to lactidyl side chains, formed as a result of chain growth on hydroxyl groups related to the quaternary carbons of the citrate units. Based on the physicochemical properties and results of biological tests it was found that the most promising materials for scaffolds formation were poly(l-lactide–co–glycolide)–block–poly(butylene succinate–co–butylene citrate)s, especially those copolymers containing more than 60 mol % of lactidyl units.
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34
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Doerr AM, Burroughs JM, Legaux NM, Long BK. Redox-switchable ring-opening polymerization by tridentate ONN-type titanium and zirconium catalysts. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy00642d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A study designed to ascertain the impact that ligand symmetry, number of redox-active moieties, and identity of the active metal center have on the catalytic ring-opening polymerization performance of redox-switchable catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Brian K. Long
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville
- USA
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35
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Hydrolytic Degradation of Comb-Like Graft Poly (Lactide-co-Trimethylene Carbonate): The Role of Comonomer Compositions and Sequences. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11122024. [PMID: 31817765 PMCID: PMC6960914 DOI: 10.3390/polym11122024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of sequence on copolymer properties is rarely studied, especially the degradation behavior of the biomaterials. A series of linear-comb block, gradient, random copolymers were successfully achieved using hydroxylated polybutadiene as the macroinitiator by simple ring-opening polymerization of l-lactide (l-LA) and 1,3-trimethylene carbonate (TMC). The hydrolytic degradation behaviors of the copolymers were systemically evaluated by using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to illustrate the influences of comonomer compositions and sequence structures. The linear-comb block copolymers (lcP(TMC-b-LLA)) with different compositions had different degradation rates, which increased with l-LA content. Thermal property changes were observed with decreased Tm and increased ΔHm in all block copolymers during the degradation. To combine different sequence structures, unique degradation behaviors were observed for the linear-comb block, gradient and random copolymers even with similar comonomer composition. The degradation rates of linear-comb PLLA-gradient-PTMC (lcP(LLA-grad-TMC)) and linear-comb PLLA-random-PTMC (lcP(LLA-ran-TMC)) were accelerated due to the loss of regularity and crystallinity, resulting in a remarkable decrease on weight retention and molar mass. The hydrolysis degradation rate increased in the order lcP(TMC-b-LLA), lcP(LLA-ran-TMC), lcP(LLA-grad-TMC). Therefore, the hydrolytic degradation behavior of comb-like graft copolymers depends on both the compositions and the sequences dramatically.
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36
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Martínez-Mercado E, Ruiz-Treviño FA, González-Montiel A, Lugo-Uribe LE, Flores-Santos L. Long chain branched structures of polylactic acid through reactive extrusion with styrene-acrylic copolymers bearing epoxy functional groups. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-019-1938-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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37
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Bian Y, Leng X, Wei Z, Wang Z, Tu Z, Wang Y, Li Y. End-Chain Fluorescent Highly Branched Poly(l-lactide)s: Synthesis, Architecture-Dependence, and Fluorescent Visible Paclitaxel-Loaded Microspheres. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:3952-3968. [PMID: 31490668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A facile method in combination of "grafting from" and "end-functionalization" was developed for the synthesis of fluorescent highly branched poly(l-lactide)s (PLLA-COU) via ring opening polymerization (ROP) and esterification end-capping. These resulting PLLA-COU with four kinds of architectures, including linear, star, linear-comb, and star-comb structures, were subjected to characterization and application as fluorescent visible paclitaxel-loaded microspheres. The mutual effects of architecture and end-groups on thermal and fluorescence properties, enzymatic degradation, and drug release behaviors were focused. Contrast to linear and star PLLA-COU, two comb-shaped analogues demonstrated higher fluorescence quantum yield, faster drug release, and lower enzymatic degradation rate. All the fluorescent microspheres could maintain fluorescence traceability. The fluorescent PLLA-COU displayed negligible toxicity and good biocompatibility. This work highlights that the fluorescent highly branched poly(l-lactide)s are properties-tailored and used as fluorescent visible drug delivery systems (DDS) for potential theranostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Xuefei Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Zhiyong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Zefeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Lishui University , Lishui 323000 , China
| | - Zhu Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Yanshai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
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38
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Casalini T, Rossi F, Castrovinci A, Perale G. A Perspective on Polylactic Acid-Based Polymers Use for Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:259. [PMID: 31681741 PMCID: PMC6797553 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA)-based polymers are ubiquitous in the biomedical field thanks to their combination of attractive peculiarities: biocompatibility (degradation products do not elicit critical responses and are easily metabolized by the body), hydrolytic degradation in situ, tailorable properties, and well-established processing technologies. This led to the development of several applications, such as bone fixation screws, bioresorbable suture threads, and stent coating, just to name a few. Nanomedicine could not be unconcerned by PLA-based materials as well, where their use for the synthesis of nanocarriers for the targeted delivery of hydrophobic drugs emerged as a new promising application. The purpose of the here presented review is two-fold: on one side, it aims at providing a broad overview of PLA-based materials and their properties, which allow them gaining a leading role in the biomedical field; on the other side, it offers a specific focus on their recent use in nanomedicine, highlighting opportunities and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Casalini
- Polymer Engineering Laboratory, Department of Innovative Technologies, Institute for Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland, Manno, Switzerland
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Castrovinci
- Polymer Engineering Laboratory, Department of Innovative Technologies, Institute for Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland, Manno, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Perale
- Polymer Engineering Laboratory, Department of Innovative Technologies, Institute for Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland, Manno, Switzerland
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
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39
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Mase N, Moniruzzaman, Yamamoto S, Sato K, Narumi T, Yanai H. Epimerization-suppressed organocatalytic synthesis of poly-l-lactide in supercritical carbon dioxide under plasticizing conditions. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.150987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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40
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Ussama W, Matsuda S, Shibata M. Synthesis and properties of polyurethane networks composed of comb-shaped polymers grafted with L-lactide and ɛ-caprolactone oligomers. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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41
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John G, Nagarajan S, Vemula PK, Silverman JR, Pillai C. Natural monomers: A mine for functional and sustainable materials – Occurrence, chemical modification and polymerization. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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42
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Standau T, Zhao C, Murillo Castellón S, Bonten C, Altstädt V. Chemical Modification and Foam Processing of Polylactide (PLA). Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E306. [PMID: 30960290 PMCID: PMC6419231 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polylactide (PLA) is known as one of the most promising biopolymers as it is derived from renewable feedstock and can be biodegraded. During the last two decades, it moved more and more into the focus of scientific research and industrial use. It is even considered as a suitable replacement for standard petroleum-based polymers, such as polystyrene (PS), which can be found in a wide range of applications-amongst others in foams for packaging and insulation applications-but cause strong environmental issues. PLA has comparable mechanical properties to PS. However, the lack of melt strength is often referred to as a drawback for most foaming processes. One way to overcome this issue is the incorporation of chemical modifiers which can induce chain extension, branching, or cross-linking. As such, a wide variety of substances were studied in the literature. This work should give an overview of the most commonly used chemical modifiers and their effects on rheological, thermal, and foaming behavior. Therefore, this review article summarizes the research conducted on neat and chemically modified PLA foamed with the conventional foaming methods (i.e., batch foaming, foam extrusion, foam injection molding, and bead foaming).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Standau
- Depatment of Polymer Engineering, University Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Chunjing Zhao
- Depatment of Polymer Engineering, University Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Svenja Murillo Castellón
- Institut für Kunststofftechnik, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 32, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Christian Bonten
- Institut für Kunststofftechnik, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 32, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Volker Altstädt
- Depatment of Polymer Engineering, University Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.
- Bavarian Polymer Institute and Bayreuth Institute of Macromolecular Research, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.
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Schäfer PM, McKeown P, Fuchs M, Rittinghaus RD, Hermann A, Henkel J, Seidel S, Roitzheim C, Ksiazkiewicz AN, Hoffmann A, Pich A, Jones MD, Herres-Pawlis S. Tuning a robust system: N,O zinc guanidine catalysts for the ROP of lactide. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:6071-6082. [PMID: 30758389 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04938f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Non-toxic, highly active and robust complexes are the holy grail as ideal green catalysts for the polymerisation of biorenewable and biodegradable polylactide. Four new zinc guanidine complexes [ZnCl2(TMG4NMe2asme)], [ZnCl2(TMG5Clasme)], [ZnCl2(TMG5Measme)] and [ZnCl2(TMG5NMe2asme)] with different electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups on the ligand's aromatic backbone have been synthesised. Ligands are derived from low-cost commercially available compounds and have been converted by a three- or four-step synthesis process into the desired ligand in good yields. The compounds have been fully characterised and tested in the ROP of rac-LA under industrially relevant conditions. The complexes are based on the recently published structure [ZnCl2(TMGasme)] which has shown high activity in the polymerisation of lactide at 150 °C. Different substituents in the para-position of the guanidine moiety significantly increase the polymerisation rate whereas positioning substituents in the meta-position causes no change in the reaction rate. With molecular weights over 71 000 g mol-1 being achievable, the best system produces polymers for multiple industrial applications and its polymerisation rate approaches that of Sn(Oct)2. The robust systems are able to polymerise non-purified lactide. The initiation of the polymerisation is suggested to occur due to impurities in the monomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal M Schäfer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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Scala A, Piperno A, Torcasio SM, Nicosia A, Mineo PG, Grassi G. “Clickable” polylactic acids obtained by solvent free intra-chain amidation. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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46
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Zaharescu T, Râpă M, Lungulescu EM, Butoi N. Filler effect on the degradation of γ-processed PLA/vinyl POSS hybrid. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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47
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Zhang S, Hou Y, Chen H, Liao Z, Chen J, Xu BB, Kong J. Reduction-responsive amphiphilic star copolymers with long-chain hyperbranched poly(ε-caprolactone) core and disulfide bonds for trigger release of anticancer drugs. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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48
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Fahnhorst GW, Stasiw DE, Tolman WB, Hoye TR. Isomerization of Linear to Hyperbranched Polymers: Two Isomeric Lactones Converge via Metastable Isostructural Polyesters to a Highly Branched Analogue. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:1144-1148. [PMID: 35651265 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report here the Zn(II)-catalyzed convergence of two metastable and isostructural polyesters to an isomeric polymer having a hyperbranched architecture. Ring-opening transesterification polymerization (ROTEP) of 4-carbomethoxyvalerolactone (CMVL) under Brønsted catalysis is known to give the linear polyester PCMVL. We show here that this can be isomerized to the equilibrated (and highly branched) polyester EQ-PCMVL. Analysis of the fragments obtained from eliminative degradation of EQ-PCMVL were critical in the formulation of its structure. The isomerization of PCMVL to EQ-PCMVL is a direct consequence of the presence of the second ester functional group in the CMVL ester-lactone, a rarely studied class of monomer. Zn(II)-catalysis of the ROTEP of the isomeric β-lactone, 2-(2-carbomethoxyethyl)propiolactone (isoCMVL), as well as isomerization of the isostructural linear homopolymer derived from that isomeric monomer, led to the same EQ-PCMVL. These results suggest a new strategy for the introduction of branching into various polyesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant W. Fahnhorst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St., SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Daniel E. Stasiw
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St., SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - William B. Tolman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St., SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Thomas R. Hoye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St., SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Wu T, Wei Z, Ren Y, Yu Y, Leng X, Li Y. Highly branched linear-comb random copolyesters of ε-caprolactone and δ-valerolactone: Isodimorphism, mechanical properties and enzymatic degradation behavior. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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50
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Supramolecular aggregates of linear and star-shaped polylactides with different number of hydroxyl or carboxyl end-groups. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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