1
|
Duvinage D, Mostaghimi F, Damrath M, Spils J, Komorr P, Odintsov DS, Fedin M, Shundrin LA, Mebs S, Beckmann J. Synthesis and Single-Electron Oxidation of Bulky Bis(m-terphenyl)chalcogenides: The Quest for Kinetically Stabilized Radical Cations. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203498. [PMID: 36416222 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sterically encumbered bis(m-terphenyl)chalcogenides, (2,6-Mes2 C6 H3 )2 E (E=S, Se, Te) were obtained by the reaction of the chalcogen tetrafluorides, EF4 , with three equivalents of m-terphenyl lithium, 2,6-Mes2 C6 H3 Li. The single-electron oxidation of (2,6-Mes2 C6 H3 )2 Te using XeF2 /K[B(C6 F5 )4 ] afforded the radical cation [(2,6-Mes2 C6 H3 )2 Te][B(C6 F5 )4 ] that was isolated and fully characterized. The electrochemical oxidation of the lighter homologs (2,6-Mes2 C6 H3 )2 E (E=S, Se) was irreversible and impaired by rapid decomposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Duvinage
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Strasse 7, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Farzin Mostaghimi
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Strasse 7, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Mattis Damrath
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Strasse 7, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Julian Spils
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Strasse 7, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Pascal Komorr
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Strasse 7, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Danila S Odintsov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Lavrentiev Avenue 9, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Matvey Fedin
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, International Tomography Center Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3a, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Leonid A Shundrin
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Lavrentiev Avenue 9, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Strasse 7, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Feng Z, Tang S, Su Y, Wang X. Recent advances in stable main group element radicals: preparation and characterization. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:5930-5973. [PMID: 35770612 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00288d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Radical species are significant in modern chemistry. Their unique chemical bonding and novel physicochemical properties play significant roles not only in fundamental chemistry, but also in materials science. Main group element radicals are usually transient due to their high reactivity. Highly stable radicals are often stabilized by π-delocalization, sterically demanding ligands, carbenes and weakly coordinating anions in recent years. This review presents the recent advances in the synthesis, characterization, reactivity and physical properties of isolable main group element radicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Shuxuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yuanting Su
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Tanini
- University of Florence Department of Chemistry ‘‘Ugo Schiff'' Via della Lastruccia 3–13 I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Antonella Capperucci
- University of Florence Department of Chemistry ‘‘Ugo Schiff'' Via della Lastruccia 3–13 I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kimura T, Nakahodo T, Suzuki E, Nakanishi Y, Misaki Y, Ogawa S. Preparation, Structure Determination, and Electrochemical Properties of 4,5‐Dialkylbenzo[1,2‐
d
:4,5‐
d’
]bis[1,2,3]triselenoles and Their Singlet and Triplet‐State Dications. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kimura
- Center for Instrumental Analysis Iwate University Morioka 020-8551 Japan
| | - Tsukasa Nakahodo
- Department of Applied Chemistry Kindai University Higashi Osaka 577-8502 Japan
| | - Eiichi Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences Faculty of Science and Engineering Iwate University Morioka 020-8551 Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nakanishi
- Department of Physical Science and Materials Engineering Faculty of Science and Engineering Iwate University Morioka 020-8551 Japan
| | - Yohji Misaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Engineering Ehime University Matsuyama 790-8577 Japan
| | - Satoshi Ogawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences Faculty of Science and Engineering Iwate University Morioka 020-8551 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Arbi M, Khedhiri L, Soudani S, Lefebvre F, Ferretti V, Nasr CB. Elaboration and physicochemical elucidation of two organic cation hydrogensulfates: 2-Fluroanilinium (hydrogensulfate) monohydrate (I) and 2,6-dimethylanilinium (hydrogensulfate) monohydrate (II). J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
6
|
Rupf SM, Pröhm P, Malischewski M. The [2+2] cycloaddition product of perhalogenated cyclopentadienyl cations: structural characterization of salts of the [C 10Cl 10] 2+ and [C 10Br 10] 2+ dications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:9834-9837. [PMID: 32716428 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04226a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Instead of monomeric cyclopentadienyl cations, the low-temperature reaction of hexachloro- and hexabromocyclo-pentadiene (C5Cl6 and C5Br6) with powerful Lewis acids SbF5 and AsF5 in SO2ClF yields salts of perhalogenated dications [C10Cl10][Sb3F16]2 and [C10Br10][As2F11]2 which are characterized via single crystal X-ray diffraction and NMR spectroscopy. Additionally, this reactivity is rationalized by quantum-chemical calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Margot Rupf
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Fabeckstraße 34-36, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Patrick Pröhm
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Fabeckstraße 34-36, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Moritz Malischewski
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Fabeckstraße 34-36, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rottschäfer D, Fuhs DE, Neumann B, Stammler H, Ghadwal RS. Saturated NHC Derived Dichalcogen Dications. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202000189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Rottschäfer
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Désirée E. Fuhs
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Rajendra S. Ghadwal
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Schulz A, Thomas M, Villinger A. Synthesis and Structure of Bismuth–Nitrogen Cage Compounds and Heterocubanes: [Cl-Bi(μ 3-N-TMP)] 4: A Dimer of a 1,3-Dichloro- cyclo-dibismadiazane. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:3344-3352. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Axel Schulz
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Max Thomas
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cutsail GE. Applications of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy to heavy main-group radicals. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:12128-12135. [PMID: 32812583 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02436h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The exploration of heavy main-group radicals is rapidly expanding, for which electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopic characterisation plays a key role. EPR spectroscopy has the capacity to deliver information of the radical's electronic, geometric and bonding structure. Herein, foundations of electron-nuclear hyperfine analysis are detailed before reviewing more recent applications of EPR spectroscopy to As, Sb, and Bi centred radicals. Additional diverse examples of the application of EPR spectroscopy to other heavy main group radicals are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George E Cutsail
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Angeli A, Tanini D, Nocentini A, Capperucci A, Ferraroni M, Gratteri P, Supuran CT. Selenols: a new class of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:648-651. [PMID: 30560259 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc08562e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stable aryl selenols were obtained through a convenient procedure. Selenols represent a new chemotype acting as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs), inhibiting four human isoforms, CAs I, II, VII and the tumor-associated CA IX. X-ray crystallographic, physical and computational studies provided insights into the binding mode of this conceptually new class of CAIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Angeli
- University of Florence, NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pushkarevsky NA, Chulanova EA, Shundrin LA, Smolentsev AI, Salnikov GE, Pritchina EA, Genaev AM, Irtegova IG, Bagryanskaya IY, Konchenko SN, Gritsan NP, Beckmann J, Zibarev AV. Radical Anions, Radical‐Anion Salts, and Anionic Complexes of 2,1,3‐Benzochalcogenadiazoles. Chemistry 2018; 25:806-816. [PMID: 30084508 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay A. Pushkarevsky
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistrySiberian BranchRussian Academy of Sciences 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Department of Natural SciencesNovosibirsk State University. 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Elena A. Chulanova
- Department of Natural SciencesNovosibirsk State University. 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Institute of Organic ChemistrySiberian BranchRussian Academy of Sciences 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Leonid A. Shundrin
- Department of Natural SciencesNovosibirsk State University. 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Institute of Organic ChemistrySiberian BranchRussian Academy of Sciences 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Anton I. Smolentsev
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistrySiberian BranchRussian Academy of Sciences 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Georgy E. Salnikov
- Department of Natural SciencesNovosibirsk State University. 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Institute of Organic ChemistrySiberian BranchRussian Academy of Sciences 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Elena A. Pritchina
- Department of Natural SciencesNovosibirsk State University. 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and CombustionSiberian BranchRussian Academy of Sciences 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Alexander M. Genaev
- Institute of Organic ChemistrySiberian BranchRussian Academy of Sciences 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Irina G. Irtegova
- Institute of Organic ChemistrySiberian BranchRussian Academy of Sciences 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Irina Yu. Bagryanskaya
- Department of Natural SciencesNovosibirsk State University. 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Institute of Organic ChemistrySiberian BranchRussian Academy of Sciences 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Sergey N. Konchenko
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistrySiberian BranchRussian Academy of Sciences 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Department of Natural SciencesNovosibirsk State University. 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Department of PhysicsNovosibirsk State University 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Nina P. Gritsan
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and CombustionSiberian BranchRussian Academy of Sciences 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Department of PhysicsNovosibirsk State University 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and CrystallographyUniversity of Bremen 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Andrey V. Zibarev
- Institute of Organic ChemistrySiberian BranchRussian Academy of Sciences 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Department of PhysicsNovosibirsk State University 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
- Department of ChemistryTomsk State University 634050 Tomsk Russia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Poleschner H, Seppelt K. Seleniranium and Telluriranium Salts. Chemistry 2018; 24:17155-17161. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Poleschner
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieAnorganische ChemieFreie Universität Berlin Fabeckstrasse 34–36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Konrad Seppelt
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieAnorganische ChemieFreie Universität Berlin Fabeckstrasse 34–36 14195 Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Greb L. Lewis Superacids: Classifications, Candidates, and Applications. Chemistry 2018; 24:17881-17896. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Greb
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wilken M, Ortgies S, Breder A, Siewert I. Mechanistic Studies on the Anodic Functionalization of Alkenes Catalyzed by Diselenides. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b01236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Wilken
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Ortgies
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Breder
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Inke Siewert
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Grabowsky S, Mallow O, Pal R, Pergandé Y, Lork E, Näther C, Beckmann J. Conformational trimorphism of bis(2,6-dimesitylphenyl)ditelluride. Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/zkri-2018-2077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Besides the previously known α-form (monoclinic, P21/c, Z=4) of bis(2,6-dimesitylphenyl)ditelluride, two new polymorphic modifications, namely the β-form (monoclinic, P21/c, Z=8) and the γ-form (triclinic, P1̅, Z=2), were obtained serendipitously during chemical reactions. In all three modifications, the individual molecules possess significantly different conformations and bond parameters, such as Te–Te bond lengths, C–Te–Te bond angles, C–Te–Te–C torsion angles and intramolecular Menshutkin interactions, which is also reflected in their non-covalent interactions with adjacent molecules in the crystal lattice via London dispersion and electrostatic forces. The interplay between intermolecular and intramolecular forces in these conformational polymorphs was investigated using quantum chemical calculations, which reveal that the β-form should be thermodynamically stable at absolute zero. In contrast, crystallization experiments and thermoanalytical investigations indicate that the α-form is stable at high temperatures and therefore, both forms might be related by enantiotropism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Grabowsky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen , Leobener Straße 3 und 7 , 28359 Bremen , Germany
| | - Ole Mallow
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen , Leobener Straße 3 und 7 , 28359 Bremen , Germany
| | - Rumpa Pal
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen , Leobener Straße 3 und 7 , 28359 Bremen , Germany
| | - Yves Pergandé
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen , Leobener Straße 3 und 7 , 28359 Bremen , Germany
| | - Enno Lork
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen , Leobener Straße 3 und 7 , 28359 Bremen , Germany
| | - Christian Näther
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel , Max-Eyth-Str. 2 , 24118 Kiel , Germany
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen , Leobener Straße 3 und 7 , 28359 Bremen , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nehzati S, Dolgova NV, Sokaras D, Kroll T, Cotelesage JJH, Pickering IJ, George GN. A Photochemically Generated Selenyl Free Radical Observed by High Energy Resolution Fluorescence Detected X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:10867-10872. [PMID: 30133265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Selenium-based selenyl free radicals are chemical entities that may be involved in a range of biochemical processes. We report the first X-ray spectroscopic observation of a selenyl radical species generated photochemically by X-ray irradiation of low-temperature solutions of l-selenocysteine. We have employed high energy resolution fluorescence detected X-ray absorption spectroscopy (HERFD-XAS) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, coupled with density functional theory calculations, to characterize and understand the species. The HERFD-XAS spectrum of the selenyl radical is distinguished by a uniquely low-energy transition with a peak energy at 12 659.0 eV, which corresponds to a 1s → 4p transition to the singly occupied molecular orbital of the free radical. The EPR spectrum shows the broad features and highly anisotropic g-values that are expected for a selenium free radical species. The availability of spectroscopic probes for selenyl radicals may assist in understanding why life chooses selenium over sulfur in selected biochemical processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Nehzati
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5E2 , Canada
| | - Natalia V Dolgova
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5E2 , Canada
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
| | - Thomas Kroll
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
| | - Julien J H Cotelesage
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5E2 , Canada
| | - Ingrid J Pickering
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5E2 , Canada.,Department of Chemistry , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5C9 , Canada
| | - Graham N George
- Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5E2 , Canada.,Department of Chemistry , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5C9 , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bresien J, Hering-Junghans C, Schulz A, Thomas M, Villinger A. Reactivity of TerN(SiMe3)BiCl2—Synthesis of an Aminobismuthenium Cation and TerN(SiMe3)Bi(N3)2. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Bresien
- Abteilung Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Christian Hering-Junghans
- Abteilung Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Abteilung Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Materialdesign, Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Max Thomas
- Abteilung Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Abteilung Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sulfur Radicals and Their Application. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2018; 376:22. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-018-0197-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
19
|
Bestgen S, Roesky PW. SO 2+
: das Schließen einer Lücke in der Schwefeloxid-Chemie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201712760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Bestgen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory; 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA Großbritannien
| | - Peter W. Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT); Engesserstraße 15 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bestgen S, Roesky PW. SO2+
: Closing a Gap in Sulfur Oxide Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:1148-1150. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201712760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Bestgen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory; 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Peter W. Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Engesserstrasse 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Scilabra P, Terraneo G, Resnati G. Fluorinated elements of Group 15 as pnictogen bond donor sites. J Fluor Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
22
|
Engesser TA, Friedmann C, Martens A, Kratzert D, Malinowski PJ, Krossing I. Homoleptic Gold Acetonitrile Complexes with Medium to Very Weakly Coordinating Counterions: Effect on Aurophilicity? Chemistry 2016; 22:15085-15094. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A. Engesser
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie und Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Christian Friedmann
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie und Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Arthur Martens
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie und Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Daniel Kratzert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie und Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Przemysław J. Malinowski
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie und Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie und Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen X, Gao F, Yang W. Single-Crystal X-ray Structures of conductive π-Stacking Dimers of Tetrakis(alkylthio)benzene Radical Cations. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29314. [PMID: 27403720 PMCID: PMC4941407 DOI: 10.1038/srep29314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Salts containing radical cations of 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(isopropylthio)benzene (TPB) and 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(ethylthio) benzene (TEB) have been successfully synthesized with . These newly synthesized salts have been characterized by UV-Vis absorption, EPR spectroscopy, conductivity measurement, single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis as well as DFT calculation. This study raises the first crystal structure of conductive π-stacking radical cation with single phenyl ring and reveals their conductivity has relationship with the stack structure which affected by the substituent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Chen
- School of Safety, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China
| | - Wuqin Yang
- School of Safety, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Engesser TA, Lichtenthaler MR, Schleep M, Krossing I. Reactive p-block cations stabilized by weakly coordinating anions. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:789-899. [PMID: 26612538 PMCID: PMC4758321 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00672d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of the p-block elements is a huge playground for fundamental and applied work. With their bonding from electron deficient to hypercoordinate and formally hypervalent, the p-block elements represent an area to find terra incognita. Often, the formation of cations that contain p-block elements as central ingredient is desired, for example to make a compound more Lewis acidic for an application or simply to prove an idea. This review has collected the reactive p-block cations (rPBC) with a comprehensive focus on those that have been published since the year 2000, but including the milestones and key citations of earlier work. We include an overview on the weakly coordinating anions (WCAs) used to stabilize the rPBC and give an overview to WCA selection, ionization strategies for rPBC-formation and finally list the rPBC ordered in their respective group from 13 to 18. However, typical, often more organic ion classes that constitute for example ionic liquids (imidazolium, ammonium, etc.) were omitted, as were those that do not fulfill the - naturally subjective -"reactive"-criterion of the rPBC. As a rule, we only included rPBC with crystal structure and only rarely refer to important cations published without crystal structure. This collection is intended for those who are simply interested what has been done or what is possible, as well as those who seek advice on preparative issues, up to people having a certain application in mind, where the knowledge on the existence of a rPBC that might play a role as an intermediate or active center may be useful.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A. Engesser
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) , Universität Freiburg , Albertstr. 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany .
| | - Martin R. Lichtenthaler
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) , Universität Freiburg , Albertstr. 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany .
| | - Mario Schleep
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) , Universität Freiburg , Albertstr. 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany .
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) , Universität Freiburg , Albertstr. 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany .
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Song Q, Li F, Wang Z, Zhang X. A supramolecular strategy for tuning the energy level of naphthalenediimide: Promoted formation of radical anions with extraordinary stability. Chem Sci 2015; 6:3342-3346. [PMID: 28706698 PMCID: PMC5490429 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00862j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a supramolecular strategy to promote and stabilize the formation of naphthalenediimide (NDI) radical anions. The LUMO and HOMO energy of NDI are lowered significantly by introducing cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) to each side of a designed NDI molecule through supramolecular complexation. This promotes efficiently the photo-induced electron transfer process between NDI and bromide anions in aqueous solution. The resulting NDI supramolecular radical anions are of outstanding stability. They are even stable in aqueous solution at higher temperatures of 40 °C and 60 °C. It is anticipated that this supramolecular strategy may provide a facile method for stabilizing radicals towards the development of novel materials with spin-based properties and optical properties in the visible and near-infrared regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Song
- The Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering , Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P. R. China .
| | - Fei Li
- The Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering , Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P. R. China .
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- The Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering , Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P. R. China .
| | - Xi Zhang
- The Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering , Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P. R. China .
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Brückner A, Hinz A, Priebe JB, Schulz A, Villinger A. Cyclic Group 15 Radical Cations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:7426-30. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
27
|
Brückner A, Hinz A, Priebe JB, Schulz A, Villinger A. Cyclische Gruppe-15-Radikalkationen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
28
|
Hering-Junghans C, Thomas M, Villinger A, Schulz A. Synthesis of elusive chloropnictenium ions. Chemistry 2015; 21:6713-7. [PMID: 25782605 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This work describes the synthesis and full characterization of elusive chloropnictenium ion salts of the type [(R)Ar*N(SiMe)ECl][A] ((R)Ar* = 2,6-(CHPh2)-4-R-C6H2, R = Me, tBu; E = Sb, Bi; A(-) = GaCl4, Al(OCH(CF3)2)4). In these species the cation is significantly stabilized by weak arene interactions to flanking phenyl groups of the (R)Ar* moiety. In this context the bonding situation has been studied by computational means and the reactivity towards the Lewis base 4-dimethylaminopyridine (dmap) was investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hering-Junghans
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059 Rostock (Germany) www.schulz.chemie.uni-rostock.de
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
This tutorial review elucidates the fundamental concepts necessary for an understanding of the unique structures and reactivities of tellurium compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Risto S. Laitinen
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry
- Center for Molecular Materials
- University of Oulu
- Finland
| |
Collapse
|