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Chi TC, Yang PC, Hung SK, Wu HW, Wang HC, Liu HK, Liu LW, Chou HH. Synthesis of Multisubstituted 1,2,3-Triazoles: Regioselective Formation and Reaction Mechanism. J Org Chem 2024; 89:5401-5408. [PMID: 38546539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
A synthetically useful approach to functionalized triazoles is described via the reaction of β-carbonyl phosphonates and azides. 1,4- and 1,5-disubstituted and 1,4,5-trisubstituted triazoles can be regio- and chemoselectively accessed under mild conditions in good to excellent yields (31 examples, up to 99%). A mechanism is proposed that rationalizes the avoidance of the 4-phosphonate byproducts, which is aligned with crystallographic and experimental evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ching Chi
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Kung Hung
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Chi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Kuan Liu
- Core Facility Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wen Liu
- National Tainan First Senior High School, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Hsuan Chou
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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Vasanthan RJ, Pradhan S, Thangamuthu MD. Emerging Aspects of Triazole in Organic Synthesis: Exploring its Potential as a Gelator. Curr Org Synth 2024; 21:456-512. [PMID: 36221871 DOI: 10.2174/1570179420666221010094531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC) - commonly known as the "click reaction" - serves as the most effective and highly reliable tool for facile construction of simple to complex designs at the molecular level. It relates to the formation of carbon heteroatomic systems by joining or clicking small molecular pieces together with the help of various organic reactions such as cycloaddition, conjugate addition, ring-opening, etc. Such dynamic strategy results in the generation of triazole and its derivatives from azides and alkynes with three nitrogen atoms in the five-membered aromatic azole ring that often forms gel-assembled structures having gelating properties. These scaffolds have led to prominent applications in designing advanced soft materials, 3D printing, ion sensing, drug delivery, photonics, separation, and purification. In this review, we mainly emphasize the different mechanistic aspects of triazole formation, which includes the synthesis of sugar-based and non-sugar-based triazoles, and their gel applications reported in the literature for the past ten years, as well as the upcoming scope in different branches of applied sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabecca Jenifer Vasanthan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu (CUTN), Thiruvarur, 610 005, India
| | - Sheersha Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu (CUTN), Thiruvarur, 610 005, India
| | - Mohan Das Thangamuthu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu (CUTN), Thiruvarur, 610 005, India
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Wang R, Stevaert A, Truong TN, Li Q, Krasniqi B, Van Loy B, Voet A, Naesens L, Dehaen W. Exploration of 1,2,3-triazolo fused triterpenoids as inhibitors of human coronavirus 229E targeting the viral nsp15 protein. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300442. [PMID: 37840345 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has raised major interest in innovative drug concepts to suppress human coronavirus (HCoV) infections. We previously reported on a class of 1,2,3-triazolo fused betulonic acid derivatives causing strong inhibition of HCoV-229E replication via the viral nsp15 protein, which is proposedly related to compound binding at an intermonomer interface in hexameric nsp15. In the present study, we further explored the structure-activity relationship (SAR), by varying the substituent at the 1,2,3-triazolo ring as well as the triterpenoid skeleton. The 1,2,3-triazolo fused triterpenoids were synthesized by a multicomponent triazolization reaction, which has been developed in-house. Several analogs possessing a betulin, oleanolic acid, or ursolic acid core displayed favorable activity and selectivity (EC50 values for HCoV-229E: 1.6-3.5 μM), but neither of them proved as effective as the lead compound containing betulonic acid. The 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid-containing analogs had low selectivity. The antiviral findings were rationalized by in silico docking in the available structure of the HCoV-229E nsp15 protein. The new SAR insights will aid the further development of these 1,2,3-triazolo fused triterpenoid compounds as a unique type of coronavirus inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Sustainable Chemistry for Metals and Molecules, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annelies Stevaert
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tien Nguyen Truong
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Qifei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Sustainable Chemistry for Metals and Molecules, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Besir Krasniqi
- Department of Chemistry, Sustainable Chemistry for Metals and Molecules, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Van Loy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arnout Voet
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieve Naesens
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Department of Chemistry, Sustainable Chemistry for Metals and Molecules, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Jaiswal MK, Gupta A, Ansari FJ, Pandey VK, Tiwari VK. Recent Progress on Synthesis of Functionalized 1,5-Disubstituted Triazoles. Curr Org Synth 2024; 21:513-558. [PMID: 38804327 DOI: 10.2174/1570179420666230418123350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Immediately after the invention of 'Click Chemistry' in 2002, the regioselective 1,2,3- triazole scaffolds resulted from respective organic azides and terminal alkynes under Cu(I) catalysis have been well recognized as the functional heterocyclic core at the centre of modern organic chemistry, medicinal chemistry, and material sciences. This CuAAC reaction has several notable features including excellent regioselectivity, high-to-excellent yields, easy to execute, short reaction time, modular in nature, mild condition, readily available starting materials, etc. Moreover, the resulting regioselective triazoles can serve as amide bond isosteres, a privileged functional group in drug discovery and development. More than hundreds of reviews had been devoted to the 'Click Chemistry' in special reference to 1,4-disubstituted triazoles, while only little efforts were made for an opposite regioisomer i.e., 1,5-disubstituted triazole. Herein, we have presented various classical approaches for an expeditious synthesis of a wide range of biologically relevant 1,5- disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole analogues. The syntheses of such a class of diversly functionalized triazoles have emerged as a crucial investigation in the domain of chemistry and biology. This tutorial review covers the literature assessment on the development of various synthetic protocols for the functionalized 1,5-disubstituted triazoles reported during the last 12 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Jaiswal
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Abhishek Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Faisal J Ansari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Vinay K Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Vinod K Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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Guo H, Zhou B, Chang J, Chang W, Feng J, Zhang Z. Multicomponent cyclization with azides to synthesize N-heterocycles. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8054-8074. [PMID: 37801029 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01115a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds, both naturally derived and synthetically produced, constitute a wide variety of biologically active and industrially important compounds. The synthesis and application of heterocyclic compounds have garnered significant attention and experienced rapid growth in recent decades. Organic azides, due to their unique properties and distinctive reactivity, have become a convenient chemical tool for achieving a wide range of heterocycles such as triazoles and tetrazoles. Importantly, the field of multicomponent reaction (MCR) chemistry provides a convergent approach to access various N-heterocyclic scaffolds, offering novelty, diversity, and complexity. However, the exploration of MCR pathways to N-heterocyclic compounds remains incomplete. Here, we review the use of multicomponent reactions for the preparation of N-heterocycles. A wide range of reactions based on azides for the synthesis of various types of N-heterocyclic systems have been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Guo
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Bei Zhou
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jingjing Chang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Wenxu Chang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jiyao Feng
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Al-Hakim Badawi MA, Al-Zaben MI, Thomas R. DFT Studies on Mechanism of Organocatalytic Metal-Free Click 32CA Reaction for Synthesis of NH-1,2,3-triazoles. Catal Letters 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-023-04374-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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7
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Metal-free synthetic approaches to 1,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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8
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Lengerli D, Ibis K, Nural Y, Banoglu E. The 1,2,3-triazole 'all-in-one' ring system in drug discovery: a good bioisostere, a good pharmacophore, a good linker, and a versatile synthetic tool. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:1209-1236. [PMID: 36164263 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2129613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The 1,2,3-triazole ring occupies an important space in medicinal chemistry due to its unique structural properties, synthetic versatility and pharmacological potential making it a critical scaffold. Since it is readily available through click chemistry for creating compound collections against various diseases, it has become an emerging area of interest for medicinal chemists. AREAS COVERED This review article addresses the unique properties of the1,2,3-triazole nucleus as an intriguing ring system in drug discovery while focusing on the most recent medicinal chemistry strategies exploited for the design and development of 1,2,3-triazole analogs as inhibitors of various biological targets. EXPERT OPINION Evidently, the 1,2,3-triazole ring with unique structural features has enormous potential in drug design against various diseases as a pharmacophore, a bioisoster or a structural platform. The most recent evidence indicates that it may be more emerging in drug molecules in near future along with an increasing understanding of its prominent roles in drug structures. The synthetic feasibility and versatility of triazole chemistry make it certainly ideal for creating compound libraries for more constructive structure-activity relationship studies. However, more comparative and target-specific studies are needed to gain a deeper understanding of the roles of the 1,2,3-triazole ring in molecular recognition.[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Lengerli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kübra Ibis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yahya Nural
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Erden Banoglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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A Facile One-Pot Synthesis of New Poly Functionalized Pyrrolotriazoles via a Regioselective Multicomponent Cyclisation and Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reactions. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12080828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The first access to N-1, N-4 disubstituted pyrrolo[2,3-d][1,2,3]triazoles is reported. The series were generated using a “one-pot” MCR, leading to a single regioisomer of the attempted heteroaromatic skeleton in good yields. Next, the functionalization of C-5 and C-6 positions was investigated. (Het)aryl groups were introduced at the C-5 and C-6 positions of the pyrrolo[2,3-d][1,2,3]triazoles using regioselective electrophilic brominations followed by Suzuki–Miyaura cross coupling reactions. Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling conditions were optimized and a representative library of various boronic acids was employed to establish the scope and limitations of the method.
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Wang R, Krasniqi B, Li Y, Dehaen W. Triphenylphosphonium-linked derivative of allobetulin: preparation, anticancer properties and their mechanism of inhibiting SGC-7901 cells proliferation. Bioorg Chem 2022; 126:105853. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Matin MM, Matin P, Rahman MR, Ben Hadda T, Almalki FA, Mahmud S, Ghoneim MM, Alruwaily M, Alshehri S. Triazoles and Their Derivatives: Chemistry, Synthesis, and Therapeutic Applications. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:864286. [PMID: 35547394 PMCID: PMC9081720 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.864286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, triazoles emerge with superior pharmacological applications. Structurally, there are two types of five-membered triazoles: 1,2,3-triazole and 1,2,4-triazole. Due to the structural characteristics, both 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-triazoles are able to accommodate a broad range of substituents (electrophiles and nucleophiles) around the core structures and pave the way for the construction of diverse novel bioactive molecules. Both the triazoles and their derivatives have significant biological properties including antimicrobial, antiviral, antitubercular, anticancer, anticonvulsant, analgesic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidepressant activities. These are also important in organocatalysis, agrochemicals, and materials science. Thus, they have a broad range of therapeutic applications with ever-widening future scope across scientific disciplines. However, adverse events such as hepatotoxicity and hormonal problems lead to a careful revision of the azole family to obtain higher efficacy with minimum side effects. This review focuses on the structural features, synthesis, and notable therapeutic applications of triazoles and related compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M. Matin
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Chittagong, Hathajari, Chittagong, Bangladesh
- *Correspondence: Mohammed M. Matin ,
| | - Priyanka Matin
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Chittagong, Hathajari, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Rezaur Rahman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy Sustainability, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - Taibi Ben Hadda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal A. Almalki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafi Mahmud
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Alruwaily
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Eerlings R, Barbakadze N, Nguyen T, Nadaraia N, Smeets E, Moris L, Handle F, El Kharraz S, Devlies W, Voet A, Dehaen W, Claessens F, Helsen C. Small-molecule profiling for steroid receptor activity using a universal steroid receptor reporter assay. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 217:106043. [PMID: 34902544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.106043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A critical step in the development of novel drug candidates for the treatment of steroid related diseases is ensuring the absence of crosstalk with steroid receptors (SRs). Establishing this SR cross-reactivity profile requires multiple reporter assays as each SR associates with its unique enhancer region, a labor intensive and time-consuming approach. To overcome this need for multi-reporter assays, we established a steroid receptor inducible luciferase reporter assay (SRi-Luc) that allows side-by-side examination of agonistic and antagonistic properties of small-molecules on all steroid receptors. This state-of-the-art SRi-Luc consists of a unique alteration of four distinct keto-steroid- and estrogen response elements. As proof of principle, the SRi-Luc assay was used to profile a set of novel designed steroidal 1,2,3-triazoles. These triazolized steroidal compounds were developed via our in-house triazolization methodology, in which an enolizable ketone is converted into a triazolo-fused or -linked analog by treatment with a primary amine or ammonium salt in the presence of 4-nitrophenyl azide. From these designed steroidal 1,2,3-triazoles, six successfully reduced androgen receptor activity by 40 %. Although opted as antiandrogens, their cross-reactivity with other SRs was apparent in our SRi-Luc assay and rendered them unsuited for further antagonist development and clinical use. Overall, the SRi-Luc overcomes the need of multi-reporter assays for the profiling of small-molecules on all SRs. This not only reduces the risk of introducing biases, it as well accelerates early-stage drug discovery when designing particular SR selective (ant)agonists or characterizing off-target effects of lead molecules acting on any drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Eerlings
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nana Barbakadze
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Plant Biopolymers and Chemical Modification of Natural Compounds, TSMU Iovel Kutateladze Institute of Pharmacochemistry, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Tien Nguyen
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Modelling and Design, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nanuli Nadaraia
- Department of Plant Biopolymers and Chemical Modification of Natural Compounds, TSMU Iovel Kutateladze Institute of Pharmacochemistry, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Elien Smeets
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lisa Moris
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Florian Handle
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah El Kharraz
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wout Devlies
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arnout Voet
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Modelling and Design, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank Claessens
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christine Helsen
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Enamines and their variants as intermediates for synthesis of aza-heterocycles with applications in MCRs. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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1-(4-Nitrophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-Triazole-4-carbaldehyde: Scalable Synthesis and Its Use in the Preparation of 1-Alkyl-4-Formyl-1,2,3-triazoles. ORGANICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/org2040024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
1,2,3-Triazole-4-carbaldehydes are useful synthetic intermediates which may play an important role in the discovery of novel applications of the 1,2,3-triazole moiety. In this work, a one-step multigram scale synthesis of 4-formyl-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole (FNPT) as a preferred reagent for the synthesis of 1-alkyl-4-formyltriazoles is described, making use of the commercially available 3-dimethylaminoacrolein and 4-nitrophenyl azide. Next, the earlier reported reaction of FNPT with alkylamines is further explored, and for hexylamine, the one-pot sequential cycloaddition and Cornforth rearrangement is demonstrated. In addition, a useful protocol for the in situ diazotization of 4-nitroaniline is provided. This facilitated the complete hydrolysis of rearranged 4-iminomethyl-1,2,3-triazoles and allowed for the recycling of 4-nitrophenyl azide.
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Synthesis and Anti-HIV Activity of a Novel Series of Isoquinoline-Based CXCR4 Antagonists. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206297. [PMID: 34684878 PMCID: PMC8539250 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An expansion of the structure–activity relationship study of CXCR4 antagonists led to the synthesis of a series of isoquinolines, bearing a tetrahydroquinoline or a 3-methylpyridinyl moiety as head group. All compounds were investigated for CXCR4 affinity and antagonism in competition binding and calcium mobilization assays, respectively. In addition, the anti-HIV activity of all analogues was determined. All compounds showed excellent activity, with compound 24c being the most promising one, since it displayed consistently low nanomolar activity in the various assays.
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Botta L, Cesarini S, Zippilli C, Bizzarri BM, Fanelli A, Saladino R. Multicomponent reactions in the synthesis of antiviral compounds. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:2013-2050. [PMID: 34620058 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666211007121837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multicomponent reactions are one-pot processes for the synthesis of highly functionalized hetero-cyclic and hetero-acyclic compounds, often endowed with biological activity. OBJECTIVE Multicomponent reactions are considered green processes with high atom economy. In addition, they present advantages compared to the classic synthetic methods such as high efficiency and low wastes production. METHOD In these reactions two or more reagents are combined together in the same flask to yield a product containing almost all the atoms of the starting materials. RESULTS The scope of this review is to present an overview of the application of multicomponent reactions in the synthesis of compounds endowed with antiviral activity. The syntheses are classified depending on the viral target. CONCLUSION Multicomponent reactions can be applied to all the stages of the drug discovery and development process making them very useful in the search for new agents active against emerging (viral) pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Botta
- Department Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo. Italy
| | - Silvia Cesarini
- Department Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo. Italy
| | - Claudio Zippilli
- Department Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo. Italy
| | | | - Angelica Fanelli
- Department Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo. Italy
| | - Raffaele Saladino
- Department Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo. Italy
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Horsten T, de Jong F, Theunissen D, Van der Auweraer M, Dehaen W. Synthesis and Spectroscopic Properties of 1,2,3-Triazole BOPAHY Dyes and Their Water-Soluble Triazolium Salts. J Org Chem 2021; 86:13774-13782. [PMID: 34516732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Water-soluble BOPAHY fluorophores have not yet been reported. The potential of 1,2,3-triazolium salts for the formation of water-soluble chromophores is explored. 1,2,3-Triazole-substituted pyrroles were synthesized in a metal-free pathway and alkylated to obtain water-soluble 1,2,3-triazolium BOPAHY dyes. High fluorescence quantum yields were observed for triazole-bridged BOPAHY dyes in DCM and moderate fluorescence quantum yields for 1,2,3-triazolium-bridged BOPAHY chromophores in DCM and water. The fluorescence of the freely rotatable 1,2,3-triazolium-linked BOPAHYs is partially quenched in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Horsten
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Flip de Jong
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dries Theunissen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mark Van der Auweraer
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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18
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Abstract
1,2,3-triazoles represent a functional heterocyclic core that has been at the center of modern organic chemistry since the beginning of click chemistry. Being a versatile framework, such an aromatic ring can be observed in uncountable molecules useful in medicine and photochemistry, just to name a few. This review summarizes the progress achieved in their synthesis from 2015 to today, with particular emphasis on the development of new catalytic and eco-compatible approaches. In doing so, we subdivided the report based on their degree of functionalization and, for each subparagraph, we outlined the role of the catalyst employed.
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19
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Oxidative cyclization of 5-aryl-1-benzyl-1,2,3-triazoles bearing electron-rich aromatic groups: ortho/ortho and ortho/ipso coupling. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-021-02985-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Talukdar R, Singh V, Mourya H, Nasibullah M, Tiwari B. Stitching Triazoles to Arenes via a Transition Metal-Free Aryne Diels-Alder/1,3-Prototropic Shift/Dehydrobromination Cascade. J Org Chem 2021; 86:12277-12284. [PMID: 34328329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The 1,2,3-triazole-fused polyaromatic frameworks are traditionally obtained through transition metal-catalyzed C-H/C-X arylation of the preinstalled triazoles at a very high temperature. Herein, a transition metal-free direct synthesis via an aryne Diels-Alder/1,3-prototropic shift/dehydrobromination cascade is reported. This method gives access to triazole-fused aromatics as well as the corresponding dihydrocarbocycles under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranadeep Talukdar
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Vikram Singh
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Hemlata Mourya
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Malik Nasibullah
- Department of Chemistry, Integral University, Dasauli, Bas-ha Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, India
| | - Bhoopendra Tiwari
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India
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21
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Wang R, Li Y, Hu H, Persoons L, Daelemans D, De Jonghe S, Luyten W, Krasniqi B, Dehaen W. Antibacterial and antitumoral properties of 1,2,3-triazolo fused triterpenes and their mechanism of inhibiting the proliferation of HL-60 cells. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113727. [PMID: 34352711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance and cancer are two important problems affecting human health. Actively developing novel antibiotics and anticancer medicines is a priority. Natural pentacyclic triterpenoids have attracted wide attention due to their significant biological activities. In this study, a series of 1,2,3-triazolo fused triterpenoids (betulin, oleanolic acid and ursolic acid) were functionalized on the A-ring by an in-house developed multi-component triazolization reaction. The compounds were investigated for antitumoral activity in twelve cancer cell lines and were also tested for antibacterial activity against four bacteria. In terms of anticancer effects, compounds 5b-f and 8a-d displayed strong cytotoxic activity in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (Capan-1), chronic myeloid leukemia (Hap-1), acute myeloid leukemia (HL-60), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Jurkat) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (Rec-1) cell lines. Among them, compound 5f exhibited the most potent antiproliferative effect on HL-60 cells. Further pharmacological research confirmed that compound 5f caused mitochondrial dysfunction and arrested the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase to induce apoptosis of HL-60 cells. In addition, compound 5f also induced autophagy to inhibit the proliferation of HL-60 cells. Antibacterial screening revealed that compounds 2a-g and 5a-d showed modest activity against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica) with especially compounds 2c and 2d being potent inhibitors of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica growth. Because of their promising anticancer and antibacterial activity, this series of compounds deserve further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yang Li
- Zhong Yuan Academy of Biological Medicine, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, 252000, PR China
| | - Haibo Hu
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, Box 2465, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leentje Persoons
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49 - Box 1043, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Daelemans
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49 - Box 1043, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Jonghe
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49 - Box 1043, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Walter Luyten
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, Box 2465, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Besir Krasniqi
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium.
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Horsten T, Dehaen W. 4,5,6,7-Tetrahydroindol-4-Ones as a Valuable Starting Point for the Synthesis of Polyheterocyclic Structures. Molecules 2021; 26:4596. [PMID: 34361747 PMCID: PMC8348459 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the synthesis of polyheterocyclic structures with a variety of medicinal and optoelectronic applications, starting from readily available 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindol-4-one analogs. First, routes toward the 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindol-4-one starting materials are summarized, followed by synthetic pathways towards polyheterocyclic structures which are categorized based on the size and attachment point of the newly formed (hetero)cyclic ring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium;
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23
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Vroemans R, Ribone SR, Thomas J, Van Meervelt L, Ollevier T, Dehaen W. Synthesis of homochiral sulfanyl- and sulfoxide-substituted naphthyltriazoles and study of the conformational stability. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:6521-6526. [PMID: 34254109 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00784j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of a series of novel homochiral atropisomeric sulfanyl- and sulfoxide-substituted naphthyltriazoles is described. The triazolization methodology used presents a new way towards novel and highly stable 1,2,3-triazole-based atropisomers, and introduces a new and complementary synthetic pathway towards 4-sulfanyl substituted 1,2,3-triazoles. Starting from sulfanyl-substituted naphthyl ketones, enantiopure amines, and 4-nitrophenyl azide, a collection of 16 sulfanyl-substituted naphthyltriazoles were obtained via the triazolization reaction in which the homochiral diastereomers are readily isolated. Subsequent monooxidation results in the preparation of several sulfoxide-substituted naphthyltriazoles. The absolute configuration of a set of diastereomeric sulfanyl- and sulfoxide-appended naphthyltriazoles was deduced via X-ray crystallography. Furthermore, the conformational stability of the atropisomers was determined experimentally, and further confirmed and analyzed with the aid of computational DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robby Vroemans
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Sergio R Ribone
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA, CONICET), Dpto. Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Fac. Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Joice Thomas
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Luc Van Meervelt
- Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thierry Ollevier
- Département de chimie, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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24
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Kumar H, Dhameja M, Rizvi M, Gupta P. Progress in the Synthesis of Fused 1,2,3‐Triazoles. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hariom Kumar
- Department of Chemistry School of Physical & Decision Sciences Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University) Rae barelli Road Lucknow 226025, U. P. India
| | - Manoj Dhameja
- Department of Chemistry School of Physical & Decision Sciences Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University) Rae barelli Road Lucknow 226025, U. P. India
| | - Marziya Rizvi
- Department of Chemistry School of Physical & Decision Sciences Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University) Rae barelli Road Lucknow 226025, U. P. India
| | - Preeti Gupta
- Department of Chemistry School of Physical & Decision Sciences Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University) Rae barelli Road Lucknow 226025, U. P. India
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25
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Stevaert A, Krasniqi B, Van Loy B, Nguyen T, Thomas J, Vandeput J, Jochmans D, Thiel V, Dijkman R, Dehaen W, Voet A, Naesens L. Betulonic Acid Derivatives Interfering with Human Coronavirus 229E Replication via the nsp15 Endoribonuclease. J Med Chem 2021; 64:5632-5644. [PMID: 33877845 PMCID: PMC8084268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
To develop antiviral therapeutics against human coronavirus (HCoV) infections, suitable coronavirus drug targets and corresponding lead molecules must be urgently identified. Here, we describe the discovery of a class of HCoV inhibitors acting on nsp15, a hexameric protein component of the viral replication-transcription complexes, endowed with immune evasion-associated endoribonuclease activity. Structure-activity relationship exploration of these 1,2,3-triazolo-fused betulonic acid derivatives yielded lead molecule 5h as a strong inhibitor (antiviral EC50: 0.6 μM) of HCoV-229E replication. An nsp15 endoribonuclease active site mutant virus was markedly less sensitive to 5h, and selected resistance to the compound mapped to mutations in the N-terminal part of HCoV-229E nsp15, at an interface between two nsp15 monomers. The biological findings were substantiated by the nsp15 binding mode for 5h, predicted by docking. Hence, besides delivering a distinct class of inhibitors, our study revealed a druggable pocket in the nsp15 hexamer with relevance for anti-coronavirus drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Stevaert
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy,
Rega Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven,
Belgium
| | - Besir Krasniqi
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of
Chemistry, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven,
Belgium
| | - Benjamin Van Loy
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy,
Rega Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven,
Belgium
| | - Tien Nguyen
- Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology,
Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven,
Belgium
| | - Joice Thomas
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of
Chemistry, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven,
Belgium
| | - Julie Vandeput
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy,
Rega Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven,
Belgium
| | - Dirk Jochmans
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy,
Rega Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven,
Belgium
| | - Volker Thiel
- Institute of Virology and Immunology
(IVI), 3012 Bern and 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology,
Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern,
Switzerland
| | - Ronald Dijkman
- Institute of Virology and Immunology
(IVI), 3012 Bern and 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology,
Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern,
Switzerland
- Institute for Infectious Diseases (IFIK),
University of Bern, 3012 Bern,
Switzerland
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of
Chemistry, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven,
Belgium
| | - Arnout Voet
- Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology,
Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven,
Belgium
| | - Lieve Naesens
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy,
Rega Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven,
Belgium
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26
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Pulikkal Veettil S, Pookkandam Parambil S, Van Hoof M, Dehaen W. A Multicomponent Approach toward Angularly Fused/Linear Bitriazoles: A Cascade Cornforth Rearrangement and Triazolization. J Org Chem 2021; 86:4346-4354. [PMID: 33577310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c03014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A multicomponent reaction of triazoloketones, primary amines, and 4-nitrophenyl azide was developed for the synthesis of hitherto unknown angularly fused/linear bitriazoles. The two-stage mechanism was well proven by the isolation of the intermediate. This sequential reaction consists of Cornforth rearrangement and triazolization, which has also been demonstrated in a one-pot manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhini Pulikkal Veettil
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven B-3001, Belgium
| | - Shandev Pookkandam Parambil
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven B-3001, Belgium
| | - Max Van Hoof
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven B-3001, Belgium
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven B-3001, Belgium
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27
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Opsomer T, Dehaen W. Metal-free syntheses of N-functionalized and NH-1,2,3-triazoles: an update on recent developments. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:1568-1590. [PMID: 33491711 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06654k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An overview of the latest developments in the metal-free synthesis of non-benzo-fused N-functionalized and NH-1,2,3-triazoles is provided in this feature article. Synthetic studies that appeared from 2016 until August 2020 are organized according to a wide-ranging classification, comprising oxidative and eliminative azide-dipolarophile cycloadditions, diazo transfer reactions and N-tosylhydrazone-mediated syntheses. The newly developed methods constitute a significant contribution to the field of 1,2,3-triazole synthesis in terms of structural variation via either the exploration of novel reactions, or the exploitation of existing methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Opsomer
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
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28
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Prakash R, Opsomer T, Dehaen W. Triazolization of Enolizable Ketones with Primary Amines: A General Strategy toward Multifunctional 1,2,3-Triazoles. CHEM REC 2020; 21:376-385. [PMID: 33350560 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of metal-free syntheses toward 1,2,3-triazoles has been a burgeoning research area throughout the past decade. Despite the numerous advances, the scarceness of methods for the preparation of 1,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles from readily available substrates remained a challenge that was addressed by our group in 2016. A metal-free three-component reaction, which we have dubbed the triazolization reaction, was established for the rapid synthesis of 1,5-disubstituted, fully functionalized and NH-1,2,3-triazoles. This novel approach stands out because it utilizes widely available starting materials, namely primary amines and enolizable ketones. Furthermore, the broad substrate scope is a major advantage, and was further expanded by the number of modified protocols that have been reported. Triazolization products have successfully found utility as intermediates in various synthetic transformations, and were the subject of a few interesting biological activity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Prakash
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tomas Opsomer
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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29
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Wang R, Li Y, Dehaen W. Antiproliferative effect of mitochondria-targeting allobetulin 1,2,3-triazolium salt derivatives and their mechanism of inducing apoptosis of cancer cells. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112737. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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30
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Deng L, Liu Y, Zhu Y, Wan J. Transition‐Metal‐Free Annulation of Enamines and Tosyl Azide toward N‐Heterocycle Fused and 5‐Amino‐1,2,3‐Triazoles. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leiling Deng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangxi Normal University 330022 Nanchang P. R. China
| | - Yunyun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangxi Normal University 330022 Nanchang P. R. China
| | - Yanping Zhu
- School of Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong Yantai University 264005 Yantai P. R. China
| | - Jie‐Ping Wan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangxi Normal University 330022 Nanchang P. R. China
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31
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Wang Y, Opsomer T, Van Meervelt L, Dehaen W. Ring-Degenerate Rearrangement Resulting from the Azo Coupling Reaction of a 3-Aryl-1,3a,6a-triazapentalene. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9434-9439. [PMID: 32573232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The 3-(4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)triazapentalene is a highly fluorescent small molecule which is readily accessible via a two-step synthesis. In the search for postfunctionalization methods, a radical CH-arylation with diazonium salts was attempted. However, azo coupling resulted in a ring-degenerate rearrangement toward a 2-aryl-4-azotriazapentalene, which was confirmed via crystallographic analysis. A mechanism involving the generation of a nitrilimine is proposed. In addition, reduction of the azo group led to cleavage of the triazapentalene core. The present results further demonstrate the sensitivity of the triazapentalene fluorophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Wang
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tomas Opsomer
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Meervelt
- Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology Section, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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32
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Vroemans R, Horsten T, Van Espen M, Dehaen W. 5-Formyltriazoles as Valuable Starting Materials for Unsymmetrically Substituted Bi-1,2,3-Triazoles. Front Chem 2020; 8:271. [PMID: 32351938 PMCID: PMC7174647 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we present the first synthetic methodologies toward non-symmetrical 5,5′-C, C-linked bi-1,2,3-triazoles starting from 5-formyl-1,2,3-triazole via two related pathways. In a first reaction, 5-formyl-1,2,3-triazole is successfully reacted with a variety of nitroalkanes and organic azides in a one-pot three-component fashion resulting in tetra-ortho-substituted bi-1,2,3-triazoles. In the second, closely related reaction, 5-formyl-1,2,3-triazole is initially converted with nitromethane to the corresponding nitroalkene, and then subsequently oxidatively cyclized with a number of organic azides toward 4-nitro substituted non-symmetrical tetra-ortho-substituted 5,5′-bi-1,2,3-triazoles. The scope of both reactions and furtherr post-functionalizations are examined, and the atropisomeric properties of the obtained bi-1,2,3-triazoles are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robby Vroemans
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tomas Horsten
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten Van Espen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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33
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Opsomer T, Van Hoof M, D’Angelo A, Dehaen W. 1,2,3-Triazole-Mediated Synthesis of 1-Methyleneisoquinolines: A Three-Step Synthesis of Papaverine and Analogues. Org Lett 2020; 22:3596-3600. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Opsomer
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Max Van Hoof
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andrea D’Angelo
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Dhameja
- Department of Chemistry School Of Physical & Decision SciencesBabasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University) Rae barelli Road Lucknow 226025 (U. P.) India
| | - Hariom Kumar
- Department of Chemistry School Of Physical & Decision SciencesBabasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University) Rae barelli Road Lucknow 226025 (U. P.) India
| | - Preeti Gupta
- Department of Chemistry School Of Physical & Decision SciencesBabasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University) Rae barelli Road Lucknow 226025 (U. P.) India
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35
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Guo N, Liu X, Xu H, Zhou X, Zhao H. A simple route towards the synthesis of 1,4,5-trisubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles from primary amines and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds under metal-free conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:6148-6152. [PMID: 31187848 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01156k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An acetic acid-promoted approach that enables the synthesis of 1,4,5-trisubstituted 1,2,3-triazole derivatives has been achieved. This transformation employs readily available primary amines, 1,3-dicarbonyls and tosyl azide as the starting materials via a cycloaddition reaction under metal-free conditions. The reaction provides a simple access to fully substituted 1,2,3-triazoles from commercial substrates in moderate to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningxin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P. R. China.
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36
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Safarnejad Shad M, Santhini PV, Dehaen W. 1,2,3-Triazolium macrocycles in supramolecular chemistry. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:2142-2155. [PMID: 31579083 PMCID: PMC6753851 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this short review, we describe different pathways for synthesizing 1,2,3-triazolium macrocycles and focus on their application in different areas of supramolecular chemistry. The synthesis is mostly relying on the well-known "click reaction" (CuAAC) leading to 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles that then can be quaternized. Applications of triazolium macrocycles thus prepared include receptors for molecular recognition of anionic species, pH sensors, mechanically interlocked molecules, molecular machines, and molecular reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mastaneh Safarnejad Shad
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pulikkal Veettil Santhini
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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37
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Krasniqi B, Dehaen W. Synthesis of 1,2,3-Triazolo-Fused Allocolchicine Analogs via Intramolecular Oxidative Biaryl Coupling. Org Lett 2019; 21:5002-5005. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Besir Krasniqi
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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38
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Csuk R, Deigner HP. The potential of click reactions for the synthesis of bioactive triterpenes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:949-958. [PMID: 30799214 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Click reactions between alkynes and azides using the privileged scaffold of triterpenes have been of interest for biological chemistry. Many publications deal with the synthesis of novel bioactive molecules; these conjugates have also been used for bioanalytical and diagnostic purposes. As a result, conjugates of better physicochemical properties were obtained; even compounds of improved solubility in water and physiological fluids were made through the introduction of a triazol residue. "Hybrid-structures", i.e. molecules consisting of two independently bioactive subunits linked by a triazole residue were higher bioactive than their parent compounds but not as active as expected, and with a few exceptions the ultimate breakthrough has not yet been achieved. Only in the synthesis of compounds with anti-leishmanial activity some new and promising lead structures were found. As a consequence, triazole modified triterpenes seem to hold their greatest future prospect rather as diagnostic reagents and molecular probes than as drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Csuk
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Deigner
- Furtwangen University, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Jakob-Kienzle Str. 17, D-78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
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39
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Aleksanyan DV, Churusova SG, Klemenkova ZS, Aysin RR, Rybalkina EY, Nelyubina YV, Artyushin OI, Peregudov AS, Kozlov VA. Extending the Application Scope of Organophosphorus(V) Compounds in Palladium(II) Pincer Chemistry. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana V. Aleksanyan
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - Svetlana G. Churusova
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - Zinaida S. Klemenkova
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - Rinat R. Aysin
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - Ekaterina Yu. Rybalkina
- Institute of Carcinogenesis, Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Kashirskoe shosse 24, Moscow, 115478 Russia
| | - Yulia V. Nelyubina
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow, 119991 Russia
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow, 117901 Russia
| | - Oleg I. Artyushin
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - Alexander S. Peregudov
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Kozlov
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow, 119991 Russia
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40
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Silveira-Dorta G, Jana S, Borkova L, Thomas J, Dehaen W. Straightforward synthesis of enantiomerically pure 1,2,3-triazoles derived from amino esters. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:3168-3176. [PMID: 29645062 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00533h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A practical and straightforward approach that enables, for the first time, the synthesis of enantiomerically pure 1,4,5-trisubstituted, 1,5-disubstituted, and fused 1,2,3-triazole derivatives has been developed. The synthesis employs enantiomerically pure amino esters derived from amino acids and commercially available ketones under metal-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gastón Silveira-Dorta
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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41
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Xie S, Zhou J, Chen X, Kong N, Fan Y, Zhang Y, Hammer G, Castner DG, Ramström O, Yan M. A Versatile Catalyst-Free Perfluoroaryl Azide-Aldehyde-Amine Conjugation Reaction. MATERIALS CHEMISTRY FRONTIERS 2019; 3:251-256. [PMID: 31543961 PMCID: PMC6754110 DOI: 10.1039/c8qm00516h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A tri-component reaction, involving an electrophilically-activated perfluoroaryl azide, an enolizable aldehyde and an amine, reacts readily at room temperature without any catalysts in solvents including aqueous conditions to yield a stable amidine conjugate. The versatility of this reaction is demonstrated in the conjugation of an amino acid without prior protection of the carboxyl group, and in the synthesize antibiotic-nanoparticle conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Xie
- Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA. E-mail: ,
| | - Na Kong
- Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yanmiao Fan
- Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerry Hammer
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical Engineering, National ESCA and Surface Analysis Center for Biomedical Problems, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David G Castner
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical Engineering, National ESCA and Surface Analysis Center for Biomedical Problems, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Olof Ramström
- Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA. E-mail: ,
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Mingdi Yan
- Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA. E-mail: ,
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42
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Payra S, Saha A, Banerjee S. On Water Cu@g‐C
3
N
4
Catalyzed Synthesis of NH‐1,2,3‐Triazoles via [2+3] Cycloadditions of Nitroolefins/Alkynes and Sodium Azide. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Payra
- Department of ChemistryGuru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya Bilaspur 495009 India
| | - Arijit Saha
- Department of ChemistryGuru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya Bilaspur 495009 India
| | - Subhash Banerjee
- Department of ChemistryGuru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya Bilaspur 495009 India
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43
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Vroemans R, Verhaegen Y, Dieu MTT, Dehaen W. Assembly of fully substituted triazolochromenes via a novel multicomponent reaction or mechanochemical synthesis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:2689-2697. [PMID: 30410630 PMCID: PMC6204814 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A new metal-free one-pot three-component procedure towards fully substituted triazolochromenes has been developed, starting from commercially available materials. Salicylaldehydes and nitroalkenes were reacted under solvent-free conditions, followed by a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of the intermediate 3-nitro-2H-chromenes with organic azides in a one-pot two-step sequence. The triazolochromenes were formed with complete regioselectivity and new biologically relevant structures were synthesized via extension of the developed procedure and via postfunctionalization. The mechanochemical synthesis was carried out for several salicylaldehydes and gave a clear improvement in the yield of the corresponding triazolochromenes and consequently showed to be a viable alternative for solid salicylaldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robby Vroemans
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yenthel Verhaegen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - My Tran Thi Dieu
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- The University of Danang, University of Science and Education, 459 Ton Duc Thang, Lien Chieu, Danang, Vietnam
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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44
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Karypidou K, Ribone SR, Quevedo MA, Persoons L, Pannecouque C, Helsen C, Claessens F, Dehaen W. Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling of a novel series of fused 1,2,3-triazoles as potential anti-coronavirus agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3472-3476. [PMID: 30286952 PMCID: PMC7127349 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of fused 1,2,3-triazoles was accessed via an organocatalytic route. Compounds 14d, 14n, 14q, 18f and 18i are active against coronavirus 229E. Molecular modelling work flow was developed to identify key molecular interactions. All active compounds established the key interactions based on molecular modelling.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel library of fused 1,2,3-triazole derivatives are described. The in-house developed multicomponent reaction based on commercially available starting materials was applied and broad biological screening against various viruses was performed, showing promising antiviral properties for compounds 14d, 14n, 14q, 18f and 18i against human coronavirus 229E. Further in silico studies identified the key molecular interactions between those compounds and the 3-chymotrypsin-like protease, which is essential to the intracellular replication of the virus, supporting the hypothesis that the protease is the target molecule of the potential antiviral derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Karypidou
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Sergio R Ribone
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA, CONICET), Dpto. Farmacia, Fac. Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina.
| | - Mario A Quevedo
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA, CONICET), Dpto. Farmacia, Fac. Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina.
| | - Leentje Persoons
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Christophe Pannecouque
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Christine Helsen
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Frank Claessens
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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45
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Yang L, Wu Y, Yang Y, Wen C, Wan JP. Catalyst-free synthesis of 4-acyl- NH-1,2,3-triazoles by water-mediated cycloaddition reactions of enaminones and tosyl azide. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:2348-2353. [PMID: 30254699 PMCID: PMC6142726 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of 4-acyl-NH-1,2,3-triazoles has been accomplished with high efficiency through the cycloaddition reactions between N,N-dimethylenaminones and tosyl azide. This method is featured with extraordinary sustainability by employing water as the sole medium, free of any catalyst or additive, authentically mild conditions (40 °C stirring) as well as practical scalability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Yuwei Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Chengping Wen
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, P. R. China
| | - Jie-Ping Wan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
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46
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Raiguel S, Thomas J, Binnemans K, Dehaen W. Multi-Gram Scale Synthesis of 1,2,3-Triazolium Ionic Liquids and Assay of Their Resistance towards Bases. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Raiguel
- Department of Chemistry; KU Leuven; Celestijnenlaan 200F P.O. Box 2404 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Joice Thomas
- Department of Chemistry; KU Leuven; Celestijnenlaan 200F P.O. Box 2404 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Koen Binnemans
- Department of Chemistry; KU Leuven; Celestijnenlaan 200F P.O. Box 2404 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Department of Chemistry; KU Leuven; Celestijnenlaan 200F P.O. Box 2404 3001 Leuven Belgium
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47
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Kayet A, Pathak T. A metal-free route towards 1,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazolylmethylene linked disaccharides: Synthesis in a biodegradable hydroxyl-ammonium-based aqueous ionic liquid media. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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48
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Ahamad S, Kumar A, Kant R, Mohanan K. Metal-Free Three-Component Assembly of Fully Substituted 1,2,3-Triazoles. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shakir Ahamad
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; New Delhi India
| | - Anuj Kumar
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow 226031 India
| | - Ruchir Kant
- Molecular and Structural Biology; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow 226031 India
| | - Kishor Mohanan
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; New Delhi India
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49
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Vroemans R, Bamba F, Winters J, Thomas J, Jacobs J, Van Meervelt L, John J, Dehaen W. Sequential Ugi reaction/base-induced ring closing/IAAC protocol toward triazolobenzodiazepine-fused diketopiperazines and hydantoins. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:626-633. [PMID: 29623124 PMCID: PMC5870159 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A practical three-step protocol for the assembly of triazolobenzodiazepine-fused diketopiperazines and hydantoins has been developed. The synthesis of these tetracyclic ring systems was initiated by an Ugi reaction, which brought together all necessary functionalities for further transformations. The Ugi adducts were then subjected to a base-induced ring closing and an intramolecular azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction in succession to obtain highly fused benzodiazepine frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robby Vroemans
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fante Bamba
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Structurale, UFR Sciences des Structures de la Matiere et de Technologie, Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Ivory Coast
| | - Jonas Winters
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joice Thomas
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Jacobs
- Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2404, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Meervelt
- Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2404, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jubi John
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.,Organic Chemistry Section, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram-19, India
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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50
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Raiguel S, Depuydt D, Vander Hoogerstraete T, Thomas J, Dehaen W, Binnemans K. Selective alkaline stripping of metal ions after solvent extraction by base-stable 1,2,3-triazolium ionic liquids. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:5269-5278. [PMID: 28379269 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00624a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Novel 1,2,3-triazolium ionic liquids with a high base stability were synthesized for use in solvent extraction of first-row transition elements and rare earths from chloride media. The synthesis of these ionic liquids makes use of a recently reported, metal-free multicomponent reaction that allows full substitution of the 1,2,3-triazolium skeleton. The physical and chemical properties of these ionic liquids are compared with those of a trisubstituted analog. Peralkylation of the 1,2,3-triazolium skeleton leads to ionic liquids with superior properties, such as low viscosity, low solubility in water and higher thermal and base stability. Iodide and thiocyanate ionic liquids with peralkylated cations were applied to the solvent extraction of metal ions, and their stability in alkaline media was exploited in the selective stripping of the metals from the loaded ionic liquid phase by alkaline solutions. EXAFS and Raman spectroscopy were performed to gain insight into the extraction mechanism. The applicability of these extraction systems was demonstrated in separations relevant for the recovery of metals from ores and end-of-life products: Fe(iii)/Cu(ii)/Zn(ii) (copper ores, brass scraps) and Fe(iii)/Nd(iii) (rare earth magnets).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Raiguel
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnlaan 200F - P.O. Box 2404, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
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