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Neal RD, Lawson ZR, Tuff WJ, Xu K, Kumar V, Korsa MT, Zhukovskyi M, Rosenberger MR, Adam J, Hachtel JA, Camden JP, Hughes RA, Neretina S. Large-Area Periodic Arrays of Atomically Flat Single-Crystal Gold Nanotriangles Formed Directly on Substrate Surfaces. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2205780. [PMID: 36344422 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The advancement of nanoenabled wafer-based devices requires the establishment of core competencies related to the deterministic positioning of nanometric building blocks over large areas. Within this realm, plasmonic single-crystal gold nanotriangles represent one of the most attractive nanoscale components but where the formation of addressable arrays at scale has heretofore proven impracticable. Herein, a benchtop process is presented for the formation of large-area periodic arrays of gold nanotriangles. The devised growth pathway sees the formation of an array of defect-laden seeds using lithographic and vapor-phase assembly processes followed by their placement in a growth solution promoting planar growth and threefold symmetric side-faceting. The nanotriangles formed in this high-yield synthesis distinguish themselves in that they are epitaxially aligned with the underlying substrate, grown to thicknesses that are not readily obtainable in colloidal syntheses, and present atomically flat pristine surfaces exhibiting gold atoms with a close-packed structure. As such, they express crisp and unambiguous plasmonic modes and form photoactive surfaces with highly tunable and readily modeled plasmon resonances. The devised methods, hence, advance the integration of single-crystal gold nanotriangles into device platforms and provide an overall fabrication strategy that is adaptable to other nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Neal
- College of Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Zachary R Lawson
- College of Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Walker J Tuff
- College of Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Kaikui Xu
- College of Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Vishal Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Matiyas T Korsa
- Computational Materials Group, SDU Centre for Photonics Engineering, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, 5230, Denmark
| | - Maksym Zhukovskyi
- Notre Dame Integrated Imaging Facility, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | | | - Jost Adam
- Computational Materials Group, SDU Centre for Photonics Engineering, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, 5230, Denmark
| | - Jordan A Hachtel
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Jon P Camden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Robert A Hughes
- College of Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Svetlana Neretina
- College of Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
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2
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Wu X, Wang L, Xu YN, Chen JL, Luo KQ, Yuan MH, Li J, Yuan G, Gu ZY, Jia XH, Chen X, Zhu XM, Jiang R. Chemo-Phototherapy with Carfilzomib-Encapsulated TiN Nanoshells Suppressing Tumor Growth and Lymphatic Metastasis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200522. [PMID: 35748183 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The design of nanomedicine for cancer therapy, especially the treatment of tumor metastasis has received great attention. Proteasome inhibition is accepted as a new strategy for cancer therapy. Despite being a big breakthrough in multiple myeloma therapy, carfilzomib (CFZ), a second-in-class proteasome inhibitor is still unsatisfactory for solid tumor and metastasis therapy. In this study, hollow titanium nitride (TiN) nanoshells are synthesized as a drug carrier of CFZ. The TiN nanoshells have a high loading capacity of CFZ, and their intrinsic inhibitory effect on autophagy synergistically enhances the activity of CFZ. Due to an excellent photothermal conversion efficiency in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) region, TiN nanoshell-based photothermal therapy further induces a synergistic anticancer effect. In vivo study demonstrates that TiN nanoshells readily drain into the lymph nodes, which are responsible for tumor lymphatic metastasis. The CFZ-loaded TiN nanoshell-based chemo-photothermal therapy combined with surgery offers a remarkable therapeutic outcome in greatly inhibiting further metastatic spread of cancer cells. These findings suggest that TiN nanoshells act as an efficient carrier of CFZ for realizing enhanced outcomes for proteasome inhibitor-based cancer therapy, and this work also presents a "combined chemo-phototherapy assisted surgery" strategy, promising for future cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau S.A.R., 999078, China
| | - Le Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yan-Neng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau S.A.R., 999078, China
- Department of Intervention Radiology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Jian-Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau S.A.R., 999078, China
| | - Kathy Qian Luo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau S.A.R., 999078, China
| | - Ming-Heng Yuan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau S.A.R., 999078, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau S.A.R., 999078, China
| | - Gang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau S.A.R., 999078, China
- Department of Intervention Radiology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Ze-Yun Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau S.A.R., 999078, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau S.A.R., 999078, China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau S.A.R., 999078, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau S.A.R., 999078, China
| | - Ruibin Jiang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
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3
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Park GS, Min KS, Kwon H, Yoon S, Park S, Kwon JH, Lee S, Jo J, Kim M, Kim SK. Strain-Induced Modulation of Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance in Ultrathin Hexagonal Gold Nanoplates. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100653. [PMID: 34338357 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropic gold nanoplates (NPLs) have raised the interesting possibility that their reduced geometrical symmetry allows fine tuning of their optical properties associated with the excitation of localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs). Recent developments have greatly improved LSPR tunability by utilizing the spatial distribution of LSPR modes. However, the nanoscale interplay between defect-induced mechanical strain and the spatial variation of LSPR modes remains poorly understood. In this work, the combination of high spatial- and spectral-resolution mapping of LSPR modes and nanoscale strain mapping using aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy are applied to investigate the nanoscale distribution of LSPR modes in an ultrathin single hexagonal gold NPL and the effect of defect-induced strains on its LSPR properties. The electron energy-loss spectral maps reveal four distinct LSPR components and intensity distributions of all LSPR modes in a hexagonal gold NPL. Furthermore, the strain maps provide experimental evidence that the tensile strain field induced by a Z-shaped faulted dipole is responsible for the asymmetric distribution of LSPR intensity in a hexagonal gold NPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong-Su Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Suk Min
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuksang Kwon
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwoon Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwon Park
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hwan Kwon
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyeon Jo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Miyoung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Keun Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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4
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Kejík L, Horák M, Šikola T, Křápek V. Structural and optical properties of monocrystalline and polycrystalline gold plasmonic nanorods. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:34960-34972. [PMID: 33182953 DOI: 10.1364/oe.409428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The quality of lithographically prepared structures is intimately related to the properties of the metal film from which they are fabricated. Here we compare two kinds of thin gold films on a silicon nitride membrane: a conventional polycrystalline thin film deposited by magnetron sputtering and monocrystalline gold microplates that were chemically synthesised directly on the membrane's surface for the first time. Both pristine metals were used to fabricate plasmonic nanorods using focused ion beam lithography. The structural and optical properties of the nanorods were characterized by analytical transmission electron microscopy including electron energy loss spectroscopy. The dimensions of the nanorods in both substrates reproduced well the designed size of 240×80 nm2 with the deviations up to 20 nm in both length and width. The shape reproducibility was considerably improved among monocrystalline nanorods fabricated from the same microplate. Interestingly, monocrystalline nanorods featured inclined boundaries while the boundaries of the polycrystalline nanorods were upright. Q factors and peak loss probabilities of the modes in both structures are within the experimental uncertainty identical. We demonstrate that the optical response of the plasmonic nanorods is not deteriorated when the polycrystalline metal is used instead of the monocrystalline metal.
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5
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Milagres de Oliveira T, Albrecht W, González-Rubio G, Altantzis T, Lobato Hoyos IP, Béché A, Van Aert S, Guerrero-Martínez A, Liz-Marzán LM, Bals S. 3D Characterization and Plasmon Mapping of Gold Nanorods Welded by Femtosecond Laser Irradiation. ACS NANO 2020; 14:12558-12570. [PMID: 32790321 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c02610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast laser irradiation can induce morphological and structural changes in plasmonic nanoparticles. Gold nanorods (Au NRs), in particular, can be welded together upon irradiation with femtosecond laser pulses, leading to dimers and trimers through the formation of necks between individual nanorods. We used electron tomography to determine the 3D (atomic) structure at such necks for representative welding geometries and to characterize the induced defects. The spatial distribution of localized surface plasmon modes for different welding configurations was assessed by electron energy loss spectroscopy. Additionally, we were able to directly compare the plasmon line width of single-crystalline and welded Au NRs with single defects at the same resonance energy, thus making a direct link between the structural and plasmonic properties. In this manner, we show that the occurrence of (single) defects results in significant plasmon broadening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Milagres de Oliveira
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wiebke Albrecht
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guillermo González-Rubio
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas Altantzis
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ivan Pedro Lobato Hoyos
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Armand Béché
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Aert
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Andrés Guerrero-Martínez
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M Liz-Marzán
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque (Basque Foundation for Science), 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Sara Bals
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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6
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Liang L, Lam SH, Ma L, Lu W, Wang SB, Chen A, Wang J, Shao L, Jiang N. (Gold nanorod core)/(poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene) shell) nanostructures and their monolayer arrays for plasmonic switching. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:20684-20692. [PMID: 33047771 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05502f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
(Gold nanorod core)/(poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) shell) nanostructures are prepared by the surfactant-assisted oxidative polymerization of 3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene on the surface of gold nanorods (NRs). The PEDOT shell exhibits distinct dielectric properties at doped and undoped states, which allows the manipulation of plasmonic responses of the Au nanorod core. The shift in plasmon resonance induced by the dedoping of PEDOT is found to be associated with the overlap between the plasmon resonance band of the core/shell nanostructure and the spectral region where the largest refractive index variation of PEDOT occurs, as well as with the type of the dedopant. Macroscopic two-dimensional (2D) monolayer arrays of core/shell nanostructures with controlled particle number densities are fabricated on indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrates by electrophoretic deposition. A reversible plasmonic shift of about 70 nm is obtained on the core/shell nanostructure monolayer array with a number density of around 18 particles per μm2. Our design of colloidal (Au nanorod core)/(PEDOT shell) nanostructures and their 2D monolayer arrays paves the way for the fabrication of high-performance plasmonic switches in large-scale practical usages as well as for the preparation of advanced, programmable chromic materials for a broad range of applications, such as smart windows, anti-counterfeiting tags, and medical and environmental sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Liang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Shiu Hei Lam
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lijuan Ma
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Wenzheng Lu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shi-Bin Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China. and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Aizheng Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China. and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lei Shao
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China. and Shenzhen JL Computational Science and Applied Research Institute, Shenzhen 518109, China
| | - Nina Jiang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China. and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
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7
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Kar A, Thambi V, Paital D, Joshi G, Khatua S. Synthesis of Solution-Stable End-to-End Linked Gold Nanorod Dimers via pH-Dependent Surface Reconfiguration. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:9894-9899. [PMID: 32787063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
End-to-end dimers of gold nanorods are predicted to be excellent substrates for surface-enhanced spectroscopy. However, the synthesis of solution-stable end-to-end dimers remains challenging. We exploit the pH-dependent configurational change of polyelectrolytes to initiate and terminate the gold nanorod assembly formation to produce end-to-end linked dimers in high yield. The gold nanorods are first overcoated with a polyelectrolyte, and the end-to-end attachment is initiated by adding a thiol linker in acidic medium. The assembly formation is then terminated at the dimer stage by changing the pH of the medium by the addition of an appropriate amount of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO).The nanorod dimers synthesized here are stable in solution for a week without any additional surface encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kar
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382355, India
| | - Varsha Thambi
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382355, India
| | - Diptiranjan Paital
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382355, India
| | - Gayatri Joshi
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382355, India
| | - Saumyakanti Khatua
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382355, India
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8
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Yin H, Li N, Si Y, Zhang H, Yang B, Wang J. Gold nanonails for surface-enhanced infrared absorption. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2020; 5:1200-1212. [PMID: 32578657 DOI: 10.1039/d0nh00244e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) can dramatically enhance the vibrational signals of analyte molecules owing to the interaction between plasmons and molecular vibrations. It has huge potential for applications in various detection and diagnostic fields. High-aspect-ratio rod-like metal nanostructures have been the most widely studied nanomaterials for SEIRA. However, nearly all of the rod-like nanostructures reported previously are fabricated using physical methods. They suffer from damping and low areal number densities. In this work, high-aspect-ratio Au nanorods are synthesized, and Au nanonails are prepared through Au overgrowth on the as-prepared Au nanorods. The aspect ratios of the Au nanorods and nanonails can be varied in the range of ∼10 to ∼60, and their longitudinal dipolar plasmon resonance wavelengths can be correspondingly tailored from ∼1.6 to ∼8.3 μm. The Au nanonails exhibit superior SEIRA performance with 4-aminothiophenol used as the probe molecules. They are further used to detect the common biomolecule l-cysteine. Numerical simulations are further performed to understand the experimental results. They match well with the experimental observations, revealing the mechanism of the SEIRA enhancement. Our study demonstrates that colloidal high-aspect-ratio Au nanonails and nanorods can function as SEIRA nanoantennas for highly sensitive molecular detection in various situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yin
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanocomposites and Applications, Institute of Nanostructured Functional Materials, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou, Henan 450006, China.
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9
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Shen Y, Han Y, Zhan R, Chen X, Wen S, Huang W, Sun F, Wei Y, Chen H, Wu J, Chen J, Xu N, Deng S. Pyramid-Shaped Single-Crystalline Nanostructure of Molybdenum with Excellent Mechanical, Electrical, and Optical Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:24218-24230. [PMID: 32374587 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c02351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Specific geometric morphology and improved crystalline properties are of great significance for the development of materials in micro-nano scale. However, for high-melting molybdenum (Mo), it is difficult to get high-quality structures exhibiting a single-crystalline nature and preconceived morphology simultaneously. In this paper, a pyramid-shaped single-crystalline Mo nanostructure was prepared through a thermal evaporation technique, as well as a series of experimental controls. Based on detailed characterizations, the growth mechanism was demonstrated to follow a sequential process that includes MoO2 decomposition and Mo deposition, single-crystalline islands formation, layered nucleation, and competitive growth. Furthermore, the product was measured to show excellent physical properties. The prepared nanostructures exhibited strong nano-indentation hardness, elastic modulus, and tensile strength in mechanical measurements, which are much higher than those of the Mo bulks. In the measurement of electronic characteristics, the individual structures indicated very good electrical transport properties, with a conductance of ∼0.16 S. The prepared film with an area of 0.02 cm2 showed large-current electron emission properties with a maximum current of 33.6 mA and a current density of 1.68 A cm-2. Optical properties of the structures were measured to show obvious electromagnetic field localization and enhancement, which enabled it to have good surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity as a substrate material. The corresponding structure-response relationships were further discussed. The reported physical properties profit from the basic features of the Mo nanostructures, including the micro-nano scale, the single-crystalline nature in each grain, as well as the pyramid-shaped top morphology. The findings may provide a potential material for the research and application of micro-nano electrons and photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchen Han
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Runze Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuexian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiya Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuchao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengsheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningsheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaozhi Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
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10
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Lu W, Chow TH, Lai SN, Zheng B, Wang J. Electrochemical Switching of Plasmonic Colors Based on Polyaniline-Coated Plasmonic Nanocrystals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:17733-17744. [PMID: 32195574 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c01562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic color generation has attracted much research interest because of the unique optical properties of plasmonic nanocrystals that are promising for chromatic applications, such as flat-panel displays, smart windows, and wearable devices. Low-cost, monodisperse plasmonic nanocrystals supporting strong localized surface plasmon resonances are favorable for the generation of plasmonic colors. However, many implementations so far have either a single static state or complexities in the particle alignment and switching mechanism for generating multiple displaying states. Herein, we report on a facile and robust approach for realizing the electrochemical switching of plasmonic colors out of colloidal plasmonic nanocrystals. The metal nanocrystals are coated with a layer of polyaniline, whose refractive index and optical absorption are reversibly switched through the variation of an applied electrochemical potential. The change in refractive index and optical absorption results in the modulation of the plasmonic scattering intensity with a depth of 11 dB. The electrochemical switching process is fast (∼5 ms) and stable (over 1000 switching cycles). A device configuration is further demonstrated for switching plasmonic color patterns in a transparent electrochemical device, which is made from indium tin oxide electrodes and a polyvinyl alcohol solid electrolyte. Our control of plasmonic colors provides a favorable platform for engineering low-cost and high-performance miniaturized optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Lu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tsz Him Chow
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sze Nga Lai
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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11
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Zhu H, Xie H, Yang Y, Wang K, Zhao F, Ye W, Ni W. Mapping Hot Electron Response of Individual Gold Nanocrystals on a TiO 2 Photoanode. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:2423-2431. [PMID: 32141755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b05125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating metal nanocrystals with semiconductor photoanodes significantly enhances the efficiency of the energy conversion in the visible range during water splitting due to the excitation of hot electrons. While extensively studied on ensemble samples, hot electron response of metal nanocrystals in a photoelectrochemical cell remains unexploited at the single-particle level. Herein, we systematically investigate hot electron response of individual single-crystalline gold nanocrystals (AuNCs) on a TiO2 photoanode during water splitting. We directly correlate the morphology of the AuNC and its plasmonic property to the efficiencies involving hot electrons with the help of single-particle dark-field microscopy and photocurrent mapping. Our results show that the efficiencies of individual AuNCs are dependent on a variety of factors including interface condition, applied bias, excitation power, incident angle, and AuNC size. Our research may shed light on optimizing the light-harvesting capability of metal/semiconductor photoanodes by providing insights into the photocatalytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifei Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Hao Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Kaiyu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Weixiang Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Weihai Ni
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
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12
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Movsesyan A, Marguet S, Muravitskaya A, Béal J, Adam PM, Baudrion AL. Influence of the CTAB surfactant layer on optical properties of single metallic nanospheres. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2019; 36:C78-C84. [PMID: 31873698 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.36.000c78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We evaluate experimentally and theoretically the role of the residual ligands and ambient environment refractive index in the optical response of a single spherical gold nanoparticle on a substrate and demonstrate the changes in the near- and far-field properties of its hybridized modes in the presence of the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) layer. Particularly, we show that the conventional bilayer scheme for CTAB is not relevant for colloidal nanoparticles deposited on a substrate. We show that this CTAB layer considerably changes the amplitude and localization of the confinement of the electric field, which is of prime importance in the design of plasmonic complex systems coupled to emitters. Moreover, we numerically study the influence of the CTAB layer on the modification of sensitivity of plasmonic resonances of a gold nanopshere to local refractive index changes.
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13
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Chow TH, Lai Y, Cui X, Lu W, Zhuo X, Wang J. Colloidal Gold Nanorings and Their Plasmon Coupling with Gold Nanospheres. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1902608. [PMID: 31304668 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanorings are attractive as plasmonic metal nanocrystals because they have a hollow inner cavity. Their enhanced electric field inside the ring cavity is accessible, which is highly desirable for assembling with other optical components and studying their plasmon-coupling behaviors. However, the lack of robust methods for synthesizing size-controllable and uniform Au nanorings severely impedes the study of their attractive plasmonic properties and plasmon-driven applications. Herein, an improved wet-chemistry method is reported for the synthesis of monodisperse colloidal Au nanorings. Using circular Au nanodisks with different thicknesses and diameters as templates, Au nanorings are synthesized with thicknesses varied from ≈30 to ≈50 nm and cavity sizes varied from ≈90 to ≈40 nm. The produced Au nanorings are assembled with colloidal Au nanospheres to yield Au nanoring-nanosphere heterodimers in sphere-in-ring and sphere-on-ring configurations on substrates. The sphere-in-ring heterodimers exhibit the interesting feature of plasmonic Fano resonance upon the excitation of the dark quadrupolar plasmon mode of the Au nanorings. The open cavity in a nanoring holds a great promise for studying plasmon-coupled systems, which will facilitate the construction of advanced metamaterials and high-performance Fano-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz Him Chow
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China, China
| | - Yunhe Lai
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China, China
| | - Ximin Cui
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China, China
| | - Wenzheng Lu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhuo
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China, China
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14
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Sastre F, Versluis C, Meulendijks N, Rodríguez-Fernández J, Sweelssen J, Elen K, Van Bael MK, den Hartog T, Verheijen MA, Buskens P. Sunlight-Fueled, Low-Temperature Ru-Catalyzed Conversion of CO 2 and H 2 to CH 4 with a High Photon-to-Methane Efficiency. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:7369-7377. [PMID: 31459835 PMCID: PMC6649275 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Methane, which has a high energy storage density and is safely stored and transported in our existing infrastructure, can be produced through conversion of the undesired energy carrier H2 with CO2. Methane production with standard transition-metal catalysts requires high-temperature activation (300-500 °C). Alternatively, semiconductor metal oxide photocatalysts can be used, but they require high-intensity UV light. Here, we report a Ru metal catalyst that facilitates methanation below 250 °C using sunlight as an energy source. Although at low solar intensity (1 sun) the activity of the Ru catalyst is mainly attributed to thermal effects, we identified a large nonthermal contribution at slightly elevated intensities (5.7 and 8.5 sun) resulting in a high photon-to-methane efficiency of up to 55% over the whole solar spectrum. We attribute the excellent sunlight-harvesting ability of the catalyst and the high photon-to-methane efficiency to its UV-vis-NIR plasmonic absorption. Our highly efficient conversion of H2 to methane is a promising technology to simultaneously accelerate the energy transition and reduce CO2 emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Sastre
- The
Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), High Tech Campus 25, 5656AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Versluis
- The
Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), High Tech Campus 25, 5656AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Meulendijks
- The
Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), High Tech Campus 25, 5656AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica Rodríguez-Fernández
- The
Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), High Tech Campus 25, 5656AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jorgen Sweelssen
- The
Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), High Tech Campus 25, 5656AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ken Elen
- Institute
for Materials Research, Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- IMEC
vzw, IMOMEC Associated Laboratory, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Marlies K. Van Bael
- Institute
for Materials Research, Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- IMEC
vzw, IMOMEC Associated Laboratory, Wetenschapspark 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tim den Hartog
- The
Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), High Tech Campus 25, 5656AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Zuyd
University of Applied Sciences, Nieuw Eyckholt 300, 6400AN Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel A. Verheijen
- Philips
Innovation Labs, High
Tech Campus 11, 5656AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department
of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Buskens
- The
Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), High Tech Campus 25, 5656AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Materials Research, Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Zuyd
University of Applied Sciences, Nieuw Eyckholt 300, 6400AN Heerlen, The Netherlands
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15
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Zhang H, Chen J, Li N, Jiang R, Zhu XM, Wang J. Au Nanobottles with Synthetically Tunable Overall and Opening Sizes for Chemo-Photothermal Combined Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:5353-5363. [PMID: 30638377 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b19163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Highly asymmetric Au nanostructures, such as split Au nanorings and Au nanocups, exhibit attractive plasmonic properties because of their asymmetric geometries. To facilitate their plasmonic applications, effective and facile synthetic methods for producing asymmetric Au nanostructures with controllable sizes and uniform shapes are highly desirable. Herein, we report on an approach for the synthesis of largely asymmetric colloidal Au nanobottles with synthetically tunable overall and opening sizes. Au nanobottles with overall sizes in the range of ∼100-230 nm are obtained through sacrificial templating with differently sized PbS nano-octahedra. The opening sizes of the produced Au nanobottles can be tailored from ∼10 to ∼120 nm by either adjusting the Au/PbS molar ratio in the growth process or controlling the oxidation degree. The achieved size tunability allows the plasmon resonance wavelength of Au nanobottles to be varied in the range of ∼600-900 nm. Our uniform Au nanobottles, which possess controllable sizes, large cavity volumes, and tunable plasmon resonance wavelengths in the visible to near-infrared range, have been further applied for anticancer drug delivery and photothermal therapy. The effects of surface coating and the opening size of Au nanobottles on the drug encapsulation efficiency (EE) and initial burst drug release are systemically evaluated. A high doxorubicin EE and low initial burst drug release are realized with the dense silica-coated Au nanobottles having an opening size of 44 nm. In addition, chemo-photothermal combined therapy has been demonstrated with the doxorubicin-loaded Au nanobottles. Our results will be helpful for the design of Au nanobottles with different sizes and plasmonic properties as well as provide ample opportunities for exploring various plasmon-enabled applications of Au nanobottles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Department of Physics , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Jianli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine , Macau University of Science and Technology , Avenida Wai Long , Taipa , Macau SAR , China
| | - Nannan Li
- Department of Physics , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Ruibin Jiang
- Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710119 , China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine , Macau University of Science and Technology , Avenida Wai Long , Taipa , Macau SAR , China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Physics , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong SAR , China
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16
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Li P, Pan D, Yang L, Wei H, He S, Xu H, Li Z. Silver nano-needles: focused optical field induced solution synthesis and application in remote-excitation nanofocusing SERS. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:2153-2161. [PMID: 30402639 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07141a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tapered metallic nanostructures that harbor surface plasmons are highly interesting for nanophotonic applications because of their waveguiding and field-focusing properties. Here, we developed a focused optical field induced solution synthesis for unique crystallized silver nano-needles. Under the focused laser spot, inhomogeneous Ag monomer concentration is created, which triggers the uniaxial growth of silver nanostructures along the radial direction with decreasing rate, forming nano-needle structures. These nano-needles are several micrometers long, with diameter attenuating from hundreds to tens of nanometers, and terminated by a sharp apex only a few nanometers in diameter. Moreover, nano-needles with atomically smooth surfaces show excellent performance for plasmonic waveguiding and unique near-field compression abilities. This nano-needle structure can be used for effective remote-excitation detection/sensing. We also demonstrate the assembling and picking up of nano-needles, which indicate potential applications in intracellular endoscopy, high resolution scanning tips, on-chip nanophotonic devices, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure (NPNS), Center for Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, P.R. China.
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17
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Zhuo X, Yip HK, Ruan Q, Zhang T, Zhu X, Wang J, Lin HQ, Xu JB, Yang Z. Broadside Nanoantennas Made of Single Silver Nanorods. ACS NANO 2018; 12:1720-1731. [PMID: 29406752 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b08423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Directional optical nanoantennas are often realized by nanostructured systems with ingenious or complex designs. Herein we report on the realization of directional scattering of visible light from a simple configuration made of single Ag nanorods supported on Si substrates, where the incident light can be routed toward the two flanks of each nanorod. Such an intriguing far-field scattering behavior, which has not been investigated so far, is proved to result from the near-field coupling between high-aspect-ratio Ag nanorods and high-refractive-index Si substrates. A simple and intuitive model is proposed, where the complicated plasmon resonance is found to be equivalent to several vertically aligned electric dipoles oscillating in phase, to understand the far-field properties of the system. The interference among the electric dipoles results in wavefront reshaping and sidewise light routing in a similar manner to the broadside antenna described in the traditional antenna theory, allowing for the naming of these Si-supported Ag nanorods as "broadside nanoantennas". We have carried out comprehensive experiments to understand the physical origins behind and the affecting factors on the directional scattering behavior of such broadside nanoantennas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Zhuo
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Hang Kuen Yip
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Qifeng Ruan
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Tiankai Zhang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Xingzhong Zhu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, Hong Kong SAR China
- Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of Ministry of Education, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Hai-Qing Lin
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center , Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jian-Bin Xu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of Ministry of Education, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Jiang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 852, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhuo
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 852, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 852, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
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19
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Qin F, Lai Y, Yang J, Cui X, Ma H, Wang J, Lin HQ. Deep Fano resonance with strong polarization dependence in gold nanoplate-nanosphere heterodimers. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:13222-13234. [PMID: 28853475 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04524g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic Fano resonance arises from the destructive interference between a superradiant and a subradiant plasmon mode that overlap spectrally with each other. Because of its importance in revealing many physical phenomena and its applications in sensing, metamaterials, photoswitching and spectroscopy, a variety of metal nanostructures have been fabricated to generate Fano resonance. However, few metal nanostructures can support deep Fano resonance with strong polarization dependence. Herein, we report on the observation of deep Fano resonance with strong polarization dependence in Au nanoplate-nanosphere heterodimers. Experiments and simulations reveal that the presence of a nanosphere at one side edge or one vertex of the nanoplate causes distinct Fano resonance. With increasing nanosphere sizes, the shape of the scattering spectrum becomes more asymmetric, with the Fano dip getting deeper correspondingly. When the nanosphere diameter reaches 68 nm, the Fano dip almost reaches the spectral background. Moreover, the heterodimers with the nanosphere attached to one vertex of the nanoplate exhibit Fano resonance with strong polarization dependence. Such heterodimers are very attractive for constructing polarization-controlled plasmonic Fano switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qin
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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20
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Kang X, Ruan Q, Zhang H, Bao F, Guo J, Tang M, Cheng S, Wang J. Concave gold bipyramids bound with multiple high-index facets: improved Raman and catalytic activities. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:5879-5886. [PMID: 28430275 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr00620a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Concave nanocrystals usually exhibit a large electromagnetic-field enhancement and superior catalytic performance due to their sharp corners, negative curvature and high-index facets. Conventional gold bipyramids (AuBPs) possess intriguing plasmonic properties which are attractive for various applications while the surface curvature of the reported bipyramids has not been fine-tuned to concave or convex structures to date. Additionally, the longitudinal surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) wavelengths of conventional AuBPs are mostly located in the range of 650-1350 nm and the sizes of these nanoparticles are usually not beyond 350 nm, which are not facilitated to some nano-focusing and nanophotonic applications. Herein, we reported a facile and robust approach for fabricating concave AuBPs (CAuBPs) with multiple high-index facets which are distinct from the conventional AuBPs and nanojavelin structures. The length of the as-prepared CAuBPs can even extend up to 800 nm. The CAuBP nanoparticles exhibit a strikingly pronounced broader plasmonic tuning range (even exceeding 1800 nm) and provide much higher electromagnetic-field enhancements in comparison to the conventional AuBPs, which broaden the promising applications of CAuBPs for many single-particle analyses. More importantly, the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signals of CAuBPs on the single-particle or aqueous solution both displayed an enhanced intensity compared to conventional AuBPs. The CAuBP nanoparticles also exhibited improved catalytic activity due to the incredible abundance of uncoordinated atoms as active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Kang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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21
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Ghosh PK, Debu DT, French DA, Herzog JB. Calculated thickness dependent plasmonic properties of gold nanobars in the visible to near-infrared light regime. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177463. [PMID: 28486554 PMCID: PMC5423688 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallic, especially gold, nanostructures exhibit plasmonic behavior in the visible to near-infrared light range. In this study, we investigate optical enhancement and absorption of gold nanobars with different thicknesses for transverse and longitudinal polarizations using finite element method simulations. This study also reports on the discrepancy in the resonance wavelengths and optical enhancement of the sharp-corner and round-corner nanobars of constant length 100 nm and width 60 nm. The result shows that resonance amplitude and wavelength have strong dependences on the thickness of the nanostructure as well as the sharpness of the corners, which is significant since actual fabricated structure often have rounded corners. Primary resonance mode blue-shifts and broadens as the thickess increases due to decoupling of charge dipoles at the surface for both polarizations. The broadening effect is characterized by measuring the full width at half maximum of the spectra. We also present the surface charge distribution showing dipole mode oscillations at resonance frequency and multimode resonance indicating different oscillation directions of the surface charge based on the polarization direction of the field. Results of this work give insight for precisely tuning nanobar structures for sensing and other enhanced optical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pijush K. Ghosh
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Desalegn T. Debu
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - David A. French
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Joseph B. Herzog
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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22
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Liang X, Zhang H, Xu C, Cao D, Gao Q, Cheng S. Condensation effect-induced improved sensitivity for SERS trace detection on a superhydrophobic plasmonic nanofibrous mat. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09194j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Superhydrophobic PAN/noble metal nanofibrous mats prove to be highly SERS-sensitive substrates for the trace detection of analyte molecules due to the condensation effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Liang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- China
| | - Han Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- China
| | - Cheng Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- China
| | - Ding Cao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles
- Ministry of Education
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Si Cheng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- China
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23
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Qin F, Cui X, Ruan Q, Lai Y, Wang J, Ma H, Lin HQ. Role of shape in substrate-induced plasmonic shift and mode uncovering on gold nanocrystals. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:17645-17657. [PMID: 27714128 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr06387j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A number of plasmonic devices and applications, such as chemical and biological sensors, plasmon-enhanced solar cells, optical nanoantennas, metamaterials and metasurfaces, require the deposition of plasmonic metal nanocrystals on various substrates. Because the localized plasmon resonance modes, energies and strengths are strongly dependent on the dielectric function of the surrounding environment, the substrate is expected to largely affect the plasmonic properties of supported metal nanocrystals. Therefore, understanding the effects of the substrate on the plasmonic properties of metal nanocrystals and the roles of the involved factors will be crucial for designing various plasmonic devices that are made of metal nanocrystals deposited on different substrates. Herein we report on our study and results of the effects of substrates with distinct dielectric functions on the plasmonic properties of three types of Au nanocrystals. A combination of experiments and numerical simulations shows that the presence of a substrate causes plasmonic shifts as well as the appearance of new plasmon modes. The plasmonic shifts and the emergence of new plasmon modes are found to be dependent on the particle shape of Au nanocrystals and in turn on the fractional particle surface area that is in contact with the supporting substrate. For Au nanospheres and nanorods, plasmonic shifts, less than 100 nm, are observed on the scattering spectra by changing the supporting substrate from indium tin oxide to silicon. In comparison, a giant spectral shift of more than 300 nm is obtained for Au nanoplates. Moreover, silicon substrates induce the emergence of an out-of-plane quadrupolar mode of Au nanoplates, which interacts with an out-of-plane octupolar mode to give rise to a distinct Fano resonance. The Fano resonance is found to become stronger as the thickness of Au nanoplates is decreased. These results are of great importance for understanding the plasmonic properties of noble metal nanocrystals supported on various substrates, and for designing novel plasmonic nanostructures with desired optical properties and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qin
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China. and Science and Technology on High Power Microwave Laboratory, Institute of Applied Electronics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ximin Cui
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Qifeng Ruan
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yunhe Lai
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Hongge Ma
- Science and Technology on High Power Microwave Laboratory, Institute of Applied Electronics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hai-Qing Lin
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
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San Román E, Vitrey A, Buencuerpo J, Prieto I, Llorens JM, García-Martín A, Alén B, Chaudhuri A, Neumann A, Brueck SRJ, Ripalda JM. Cloaking of solar cell contacts at the onset of Rayleigh scattering. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28669. [PMID: 27339390 PMCID: PMC4919638 DOI: 10.1038/srep28669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical contacts on the top surface of solar cells and light emitting diodes cause
shadow losses. The phenomenon of extraordinary optical transmission through arrays
of subwavelength holes suggests the possibility of engineering such contacts to
reduce the shadow using plasmonics, but resonance effects occur only at specific
wavelengths. Here we describe instead a broadband effect of enhanced light
transmission through arrays of subwavelength metallic wires, due to the fact that,
in the absence of resonances, metal wires asymptotically tend to invisibility in the
small size limit regardless of the fraction of the device area taken up by the
contacts. The effect occurs for wires more than an order of magnitude thicker than
the transparency limit for metal thin films. Finite difference in time domain
calculations predict that it is possible to have high cloaking efficiencies in a
broadband wavelength range, and we experimentally demonstrate contact shadow losses
less than half of the geometric shadow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etor San Román
- IMM-Instituto de Microelectrónica de Madrid (CNM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, PTM, E-28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alan Vitrey
- IMM-Instituto de Microelectrónica de Madrid (CNM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, PTM, E-28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jerónimo Buencuerpo
- IMM-Instituto de Microelectrónica de Madrid (CNM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, PTM, E-28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván Prieto
- IMM-Instituto de Microelectrónica de Madrid (CNM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, PTM, E-28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Llorens
- IMM-Instituto de Microelectrónica de Madrid (CNM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, PTM, E-28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio García-Martín
- IMM-Instituto de Microelectrónica de Madrid (CNM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, PTM, E-28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Benito Alén
- IMM-Instituto de Microelectrónica de Madrid (CNM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, PTM, E-28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anabil Chaudhuri
- Center for High Technology Materials, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Alexander Neumann
- Center for High Technology Materials, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - S R J Brueck
- Center for High Technology Materials, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - José M Ripalda
- IMM-Instituto de Microelectrónica de Madrid (CNM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, PTM, E-28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
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25
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Ogier R, Shao L, Svedendahl M, Käll M. Continuous-Gradient Plasmonic Nanostructures Fabricated by Evaporation on a Partially Exposed Rotating Substrate. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:4658-64. [PMID: 27061280 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201600112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A continuous-gradient approach of material evaporation is employed to fabricate nanostructures with varying geometric parameters, such as thickness, lateral positioning, and orientation on a single substrate. The method developed for mask lithography allows continuous tuning of the physical properties of a sample. The technique is highly valuable in simplifying the overall optimization process for constructing metasurfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Ogier
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, S41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lei Shao
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, S41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Svedendahl
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, S41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Käll
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, S41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
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26
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Ruan Q, Fang C, Jiang R, Jia H, Lai Y, Wang J, Lin HQ. Highly enhanced transverse plasmon resonance and tunable double Fano resonances in gold@titania nanorods. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:6514-6526. [PMID: 26935180 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08521g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanorods have attracted intensive interest owing to their localized surface plasmon resonance properties and enormous potential applications. The transverse plasmon of Au nanorods is usually weaker than the longitudinal one, hampering certain plasmonic applications. Herein we report on the intensification of the transverse plasmon resonance by coating TiO2 onto Au nanorods. The transverse plasmon mode of the resultant Au@TiO2 nanorods with a sufficiently thick shell can be comparable to or even stronger than the longitudinal one in intensity. Moreover, both the transverse and longitudinal plasmon resonances of the Au@TiO2 nanorods exhibit an asymmetric line shape on their scattering spectra. Electrodynamic simulations and analyses based on a coupled oscillator model suggest that the asymmetric line shape originates from the coupling between the Au core and TiO2 shell. Apart from the shell thickness, the plasmonic properties of the Au@TiO2 nanorods can also be tuned by the dimension of the Au nanorod core. In addition, the polarization-dependent light scattering from the individual Au@TiO2 nanorods has also been investigated. These results will be of high importance for understanding the interactions between noble metals and semiconductors in plasmonic hybrid nanosystems, and for designing novel plasmonic nanostructures with desired optical properties and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Ruan
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Caihong Fang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Ruibin Jiang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Henglei Jia
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yunhe Lai
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China. and Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Hai-Qing Lin
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100094, China
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27
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Wu J, Xu Y, Xu P, Pan Z, Chen S, Shen Q, Zhan L, Zhang Y, Ni W. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering from AgNP-graphene-AgNP sandwiched nanostructures. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:17529-17537. [PMID: 26444556 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr04500b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We developed a facile approach toward hybrid AgNP-graphene-AgNP sandwiched structures using self-organized monolayered AgNPs from wet chemical synthesis for the optimized enhancement of the Raman response of monolayer graphene. We demonstrate that the Raman scattering of graphene can be enhanced 530 fold in the hybrid structure. The Raman enhancement is sensitively dependent on the hybrid structure, incident angle, and excitation wavelength. A systematic simulation is performed, which well explains the enhancement mechanism. Our study indicates that the enhancement resulted from the plasmonic coupling between the AgNPs on the opposite sides of graphene. Our approach towards ideal substrates offers great potential to produce a "hot surface" for enhancing the Raman response of two-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), State Key Lab of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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