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Cao W, Xu H, Liu P, He Y, Yang G. The kinked structure and interchain van der Waals interaction of carbyne nanocrystals. Chem Sci 2023; 14:338-344. [PMID: 36687340 PMCID: PMC9811524 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04926k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbyne with one-dimensional sp-hybridized carbon atoms is the third form of carbon following diamond and graphite. Although carbyne nanocrystals have been synthesized, little is known about its structural details. Here, we report experimental evidence of the kinked structure of carbon chains and interchain van der Waals interaction of carbyne nanocrystals by near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. We measure the resonance and the feature peaks of the kinked configuration of carbon chains and the van der Waals interaction between chains of carbyne nanocrystals using NEXAFS spectroscopy. We also perform theoretical calculations of density functional theory and simulations based on the super-cell core-hole method for carbon K-edge NEXAFS. The theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental measurements, which demonstrates that carbyne nanocrystals are van der Waals crystals with kinked chains as structural units. Note that the peak at 288.5 eV in the simulated NEXAFS spectrum implies the possible presence of hydrogen-terminated kinks or hydrogen-terminated chains in carbyne nanocrystals, which clarifies the understanding of the C-H bond in carbyne nanocrystals. These findings are enlightening and significant for pursuing physics and potential applications of carbyne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275GuangdongP. R. China
| | - Huakai Xu
- College of Science, Guangdong University of Petrochemical TechnologyMaoming525000GuangdongP. R. China
| | - Pu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275GuangdongP. R. China
| | - Yan He
- College of Science, Guangdong University of Petrochemical TechnologyMaoming525000GuangdongP. R. China
| | - Guowei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275GuangdongP. R. China
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2
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Wan G, Freeland JW, Kloppenburg J, Petretto G, Nelson JN, Kuo DY, Sun CJ, Wen J, Diulus JT, Herman GS, Dong Y, Kou R, Sun J, Chen S, Shen KM, Schlom DG, Rignanese GM, Hautier G, Fong DD, Feng Z, Zhou H, Suntivich J. Amorphization mechanism of SrIrO 3 electrocatalyst: How oxygen redox initiates ionic diffusion and structural reorganization. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabc7323. [PMID: 33523986 PMCID: PMC7793586 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc7323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The use of renewable electricity to prepare materials and fuels from abundant molecules offers a tantalizing opportunity to address concerns over energy and materials sustainability. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is integral to nearly all material and fuel electrosyntheses. However, very little is known about the structural evolution of the OER electrocatalyst, especially the amorphous layer that forms from the crystalline structure. Here, we investigate the interfacial transformation of the SrIrO3 OER electrocatalyst. The SrIrO3 amorphization is initiated by the lattice oxygen redox, a step that allows Sr2+ to diffuse and O2- to reorganize the SrIrO3 structure. This activation turns SrIrO3 into a highly disordered Ir octahedral network with Ir square-planar motif. The final Sr y IrO x exhibits a greater degree of disorder than IrO x made from other processing methods. Our results demonstrate that the structural reorganization facilitated by coupled ionic diffusions is essential to the disordered structure of the SrIrO3 electrocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wan
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - John W Freeland
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Jan Kloppenburg
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Chemin des Étoiles 8, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Guido Petretto
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Chemin des Étoiles 8, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jocienne N Nelson
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ding-Yuan Kuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Cheng-Jun Sun
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Jianguo Wen
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - J Trey Diulus
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Gregory S Herman
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Yongqi Dong
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ronghui Kou
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Jingying Sun
- Department of Physics and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Physics and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Kyle M Shen
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Darrell G Schlom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Leibniz-Institut für Kristallzüchtung, Max-Born-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gian-Marco Rignanese
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Chemin des Étoiles 8, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Geoffroy Hautier
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Chemin des Étoiles 8, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Dillon D Fong
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.
| | - Zhenxing Feng
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Hua Zhou
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.
| | - Jin Suntivich
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Liao X, Zhang Y, Wang J, Kang J, Zhang J, Wang J, Zheng J, Wang H. Resistance Switching Behavior in Rectangle-Nano-Pattern SrTiO 3 Induced by Simple Annealing. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:ma12223698. [PMID: 31717524 PMCID: PMC6888333 DOI: 10.3390/ma12223698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The tunability of semi-conductivity in SrTiO3 single crystal substrates has been realized by a simple encapsulated annealing method under argon atmosphere. This high temperature annealing-induced property changes are characterized by the transmission spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and synchrotron-based X-ray absorption (XAS). We find the optical property is strongly influenced by the annealing time (with significant decrease of transmittance). A sub gap absorption at ~427 nm is detected which is attributed to the introduction of oxygen vacancy. Interestingly, in the SEM images, annealing-induced regularly rectangle nano-patterns are directly observed which is contributed to the conducting filaments. The XAS of O K-edge spectra shows the changes of electronic structure by annealing. Very importantly, resistance switching response is displayed in the annealed SrTiO3 single crystal. This suggests a possible simplified route to tune the conductivity of SrTiO3 and further develop novel resistance switching materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxia Liao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;
- Department of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Semiconductors and Efficient Devices, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (Y.Z.); (J.K.)
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Semiconductors and Efficient Devices, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (Y.Z.); (J.K.)
| | - Jiaou Wang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China;
| | - Junyong Kang
- Department of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Semiconductors and Efficient Devices, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (Y.Z.); (J.K.)
| | - Jinbin Zhang
- College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China;
| | - Jizheng Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
| | - Jincheng Zheng
- Department of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Semiconductors and Efficient Devices, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (Y.Z.); (J.K.)
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang 43900, Malaysia
| | - Huiqiong Wang
- Department of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Semiconductors and Efficient Devices, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (Y.Z.); (J.K.)
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang 43900, Malaysia
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