1
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Ali A, Verma RK, Das A, Paria S. Exploring the effect of a pendent amine group poised over the secondary coordination sphere of a cobalt complex on the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:8289-8297. [PMID: 38660950 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00009a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
A CoIII complex (2) of a bispyridine-dioxime ligand (H2LNMe2) containing a tertiary amine group in the proximity of the Co center is synthesized and characterized. One of the oxime protons of the ligand is deprotonated, and the amine group remains protonated in the solid-state structure of the CoII complex (2a). The acid-base properties of 2 showed pKa values of 5.9, 8.4, and 9.6, which are assigned to the dissociation of two consecutive oxime protons and amine protons, respectively. The electrocatalytic proton reduction of 2 was investigated in an aqueous phosphate buffer solution (PBS), revealing a catalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at an Ecat/2 of -1.01 V vs. the SHE, with an overpotential of 673 mV and a kobs value of 2.6 × 103 s-1 at pH 7. For comparison, the HER of the Co complex (1) lacking the tert-amine group at the secondary sphere was investigated in PBS, which showed a kobs of 1.3 × 103 s-1 and an overpotential of 577 mV. At pH 4, however, 2 revealed a ∼3 times higher kobs value than 1, which suggests that the protonated amine group likely works as a proton relay site. Notably, no significant change in the reaction rate was observed at different pH values for 1, implying that oxime protons may not be involved in the intramolecular proton-coupled electron transfer reaction in the HER. The kobs values for Co complexes at pH 7.0 are significantly higher than those of the [Co(dmgH)2(pyridine)(Cl)] complex, implying that the primary coordination sphere around 1 or 2 enhances the HER and offers better catalyst stability in acidic buffer solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsar Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Rajaneesh Kumar Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Avijit Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Sayantan Paria
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
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2
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Ogawa M, Usami S, Takahama R, Iwamoto K, Nabeta T, Kawashima S, Kojima R, Ohyama J, Hayakawa T, Nabae Y, Moriya M. One-pot gram-scale rapid synthesis of MN 4 complexes with 14-membered ring macrocyclic ligand as a precursor for carbon-based ORR and CO 2RR catalysts. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:4426-4431. [PMID: 38318980 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04129h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Herein, CoN4, CuN4, and NiN4 complexes with a 14-membered ring hexaazamacrocycle ligand H2HAM were synthesised as precursors for ORR and CO2RR catalysts via a one-pot, gram-scale synthesis procedure, which involved microwave heating for only 10 min. Detailed structures of the obtained 14MR-MN4 complex were revealed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Ogawa
- Department of Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
| | - Sayaka Usami
- Department of Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
| | - Ryo Takahama
- Department of Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
| | - Kazuko Iwamoto
- Department of Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
| | - Tomomi Nabeta
- Department of Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
| | - Shin Kawashima
- Corporate Research & Development, Asahi Kasei Corporation, 2767-11 Niihama, Shionasu, Kojima, Kurashiki, Okayama 711-8510, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Kojima
- Corporate Research & Development, Asahi Kasei Corporation, 2767-11 Niihama, Shionasu, Kojima, Kurashiki, Okayama 711-8510, Japan
| | - Junya Ohyama
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Teruaki Hayakawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 S8-26, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan.
| | - Yuta Nabae
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 S8-26, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan.
| | - Makoto Moriya
- Department of Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
- College of Science, Academic Institute, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
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3
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Chen L, Su X, Jurss JW. Electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water at low overpotentials with cobalt complexes supported by redox-active bipyridyl-NHC donors. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(22)64151-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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4
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Weder N, Grundmann NS, Probst B, Blacque O, Ketkaew R, Creazzo F, Luber S, Alberto R. Two Novel Dinuclear Cobalt Polypyridyl Complexes in Electro- and Photocatalysis for Hydrogen Production: Cooperativity Increases Performance. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202201049. [PMID: 35765252 PMCID: PMC9545343 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Syntheses and mechanisms of two dinuclear Co-polypyridyl catalysts for the H2 evolution reaction (HER) were reported and compared to their mononuclear analogue (R1). In both catalysts, two di-(2,2'-bipyridin-6-yl)-methanone units were linked by either 2,2'-bipyridin-6,6'-yl or pyrazin-2,5-yl. Complexation with CoII gave dinuclear compounds bridged by pyrazine (C2) or bipyridine (C1). Photocatalytic HER gave turnover numbers (TONs) of up to 20000 (C2) and 7000 (C1) in water. Electrochemically, C1 was similar to the R1, whereas C2 showed electronic coupling between the two Co centers. The E(CoII/I ) split by 360 mV into two separate waves. Proton reduction in DMF was investigated for R1 with [HNEt3 ](BF4 ) by simulation, foot of the wave analysis, and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) with in-line detection of H2 . All methods agreed well with an (E)ECEC mechanism and the first protonation being rate limiting (≈104 m-1 s-1 ). The second reduction was more anodic than the first one. pKa values of around 10 and 7.5 were found for the two protonations. LSV analysis with H2 detection for all catalysts and acids with different pKa values [HBF4 , pKa (DMF)≈3.4], intermediate {[HNEt3 ](BF4 ), pKa (DMF)≈9.2} to weak [AcOH, pKa (DMF)≈13.5] confirmed electrochemical H2 production, distinctly dependent on the pKa values. Only HBF4 protonated CoI intermediates. The two metals in the dualcore C2 cooperated with an increase in rate to a competitive 105 m-1 s-1 with [HNEt3 ](BF4 ). The overpotential decreased compared to R1 by 100 mV. Chronoamperometry established high stabilities for all catalysts with TONlim of 100 for R1 and 320 for C1 and C2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Weder
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 190Switzerland
| | - Nora S. Grundmann
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 190Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Probst
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 190Switzerland
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 190Switzerland
| | - Rangsiman Ketkaew
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 190Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Creazzo
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 190Switzerland
| | - Sandra Luber
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 190Switzerland
| | - Roger Alberto
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 190Switzerland
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5
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Droghetti F, Lucarini F, Molinari A, Ruggi A, Natali M. Recent findings and future directions in photosynthetic hydrogen evolution using polypyridine cobalt complexes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:10658-10673. [PMID: 35475511 PMCID: PMC9936794 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00476c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The production of hydrogen gas using water as the molecular substrate currently represents one of the most challenging and appealing reaction schemes in the field of artificial photosynthesis (AP), i.e., the conversion of solar energy into fuels. In order to be efficient, this process requires a suitable combination of a light-harvesting sensitizer, an electron donor, and a hydrogen-evolving catalyst (HEC). In the last few years, cobalt polypyridine complexes have been discovered to be competent molecular catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), showing enhanced efficiency and stability with respect to previously reported molecular species. This perspective collects information about all relevant cobalt polypyridine complexes employed for the HER in aqueous solution under light-driven conditions in the presence of Ru(bpy)32+ (where bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) as the photosensitizer and ascorbate as the electron donor, trying to highlight promising chemical motifs and aiming towards efficient catalytic activity in order to stimulate further efforts to design molecular catalysts for hydrogen generation and allow their profitable implementation in devices. As a final step, a few suggestions for the benchmarking of HECs employed under light-driven conditions are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Droghetti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical, and Agricultural Sciences (DOCPAS), University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Fiorella Lucarini
- Département de Chimie, Université de Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Alessandra Molinari
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical, and Agricultural Sciences (DOCPAS), University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Albert Ruggi
- Département de Chimie, Université de Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Mirco Natali
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical, and Agricultural Sciences (DOCPAS), University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy. .,Centro Interuniversitario per la Conversione Chimica dell'Energia Solare (SolarChem), sez. di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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6
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Recent progress in homogeneous light-driven hydrogen evolution using first-row transition metal catalysts. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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7
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Gurdal Y, Iannuzzi M. Comparison of Penta and Tetra-pyridyl Cobalt-based Catalysts for Water Reduction: H 2 Production Cycle, Solvent Response and Reduction Free Energy. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:2692-2700. [PMID: 32955784 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Understanding water reduction towards H2 generation is crucial to overcome today's renewable energy obstacles. Previous studies have shown the superior H2 production performances of Cobalt based penta-pyridyl (CoaPPy) and tetra-pyridyl (CoaTPy) complexes in solution. We investigate H2 production cycles of CoaPPy and CoaTPy complexes immersed in water solution by means of Ab-initio Molecular Dynamics and Density Functional Theory. We monitor dynamic properties of the systems, solvent response and structural changes occurring in the catalysts, by simulating all intermediate steps of the H2 production cycle. Reduction free energies and reorganization energies are calculated. Our results show that, following the first electron injection, H2 production proceeds with the singlet spin state. Following the first electron insertion, we observe a significant rearrangement of the hydrogen bonding network in the first solvation shell. The cobalt center turns out to be more accessible for the surrounding water molecules in the case of CoaTPy at all the intermediate steps, which explains its higher catalytic performance over CoaPPy. Following the first reduction reaction, a larger gain in reduction free energy is estimated for CoaTPy with respect to CoaPPy, with a difference of 0.14 eV, in line with the experiments. For the second reduction, instead, CoaPPy shows more negative reduction potential, by 0.41 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeliz Gurdal
- Department of Bioengineering, Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University Catalan, Caddesi 201, 01250, Adana, Turkey
| | - Marcella Iannuzzi
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
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8
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Hernández‐Valdés D, Fernández‐Terán R, Probst B, Spingler B, Alberto R. CO
2
to CO: Photo‐ and Electrocatalytic Conversion Based on Re(I) Bis‐Arene Frameworks: Synergisms Between Catalytic Subunits. Helv Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202000147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hernández‐Valdés
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Ricardo Fernández‐Terán
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Probst
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Spingler
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Roger Alberto
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
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9
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Hernández-Valdés D, Avignon F, Müller P, Meola G, Probst B, Fox T, Spingler B, Alberto R. [Re(η 6-arene) 2] + as a highly stable ferrocene-like scaffold for ligands and complexes. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:5250-5256. [PMID: 32242190 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00731e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ferrocenes are versatile ligand scaffolds, complexes of which have found numerous applications in catalysis. Structurally similar but of higher redox stabilites are sandwich complexes of the [Re(η6-arene)2]+ type. We report herein routes for conjugating potential ligands to a single or to both arenes in this scaffold. Since the arene rings can freely rotate, the [Re(η6-arene)2]+ has a high degree of structural flexibility. Polypyridyl ligands were successfully introduced. The coordination of Co(ii) to such a model tetrapyridyl-Re(i)-bis-benzene complex produced a bimetallic Re(i)-Co(ii) complex. To show the stability of the resulting architecture, a selected complex was subjected to photocatalytic reactions. It showed good activity in proton reduction over a long time and did not decompose, corroborating its extraordinary stability even under light irradiation. Its activity compares well with the parent catalyst in turn over numbers and frequencies. The supply of electrons limits catalytic turnover frequency at concentrations below ∼10 μM. We also show that other ligands can be introduced along these strategies. The great diversity offered by [Re(η6-arene)2]+ sandwich complexes from a synthetic point allows this concept to be extended to other catalytic processes, comparable to ferrocenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hernández-Valdés
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Frédéric Avignon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. and Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Peter Müller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Giuseppe Meola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Benjamin Probst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Fox
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Bernhard Spingler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Roger Alberto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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10
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Weder N, Probst B, Sévery L, Fernández-Terán RJ, Beckord J, Blacque O, Tilley SD, Hamm P, Osterwalder J, Alberto R. Mechanistic insights into photocatalysis and over two days of stable H 2 generation in electrocatalysis by a molecular cobalt catalyst immobilized on TiO 2. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy00330a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular and heterogeneous water reduction combined: Over 2 days of electrocatalysis of a cobalt polypyridyl catalyst immobilized on TiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Weder
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- 8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Probst
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- 8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Laurent Sévery
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- 8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | | | - Jan Beckord
- Department of Physics
- University of Zurich
- 8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- 8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - S. David Tilley
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- 8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Peter Hamm
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- 8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | | | - Roger Alberto
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- 8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
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11
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Tong L, Duan L, Zhou A, Thummel RP. First-row transition metal polypyridine complexes that catalyze proton to hydrogen reduction. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.213079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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12
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Zhang Y, Zhang L, Zhang X, Yang D, Du C, Wan L, Au C, Chen J, Xie M. Pyridine-based hypercrosslinked polymers as support materials for palladium photocatalysts and their application in Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj01675f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Under ambient conditions, a Pd catalyst supported by a pyridine-based hypercrosslinked conjugated polymer shows excellent photocatalytic performance in S–M reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials
- Huanggang Normal University
- Huanggang 438000
- China
| | - Le Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials
- Huanggang Normal University
- Huanggang 438000
- China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials
- Huanggang Normal University
- Huanggang 438000
- China
| | - Didi Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials
- Huanggang Normal University
- Huanggang 438000
- China
| | - Cheng Du
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials
- Huanggang Normal University
- Huanggang 438000
- China
| | - Liu Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials
- Huanggang Normal University
- Huanggang 438000
- China
| | - Chaktong Au
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials
- Huanggang Normal University
- Huanggang 438000
- China
| | - Jian Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials
- Huanggang Normal University
- Huanggang 438000
- China
| | - Mingjiang Xie
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials
- Huanggang Normal University
- Huanggang 438000
- China
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13
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Combined orbital tomography study of multi-configurational molecular adsorbate systems. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5255. [PMID: 31748503 PMCID: PMC6868194 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13254-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular reactivity is determined by the energy levels and spatial extent of the frontier orbitals. Orbital tomography based on angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy is an elegant method to study the electronic structure of organic adsorbates, however, it is conventionally restricted to systems with one single rotational domain. In this work, we extend orbital tomography to systems with multiple rotational domains. We characterise the hydrogen evolution catalyst Co-pyrphyrin on an Ag(110) substrate and compare it with the empty pyrphyrin ligand. In combination with low-energy electron diffraction and DFT simulations, we fully determine adsorption geometry and both energetics and spatial distributions of the valence electronic states. We find two states close to the Fermi level in Co-pyrphyrin with Co \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$3d$$\end{document}3d character that are not present in the empty ligand. In addition, we identify several energetically nearly equivalent adsorption geometries that are important for the understanding of the electronic structure. The ability to disentangle and fully elucidate multi-configurational systems renders orbital tomography much more useful to study realistic catalytic systems. The shape and energy of frontier orbitals determine the reactivity of molecular systems. Combining orbital tomography based on photoelectron spectroscopy with electron diffraction and DFT, the authors investigate a complex multi-configurational adsorbate system revealing adsorptions geometries and hierarchy and geometry of molecular orbitals.
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14
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Theoretical investigation of metalated and unmetalated pyrphyrins immobilized on Ag(111) surface. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-019-00942-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Gueret R, Castillo CE, Rebarz M, Thomas F, Sliwa M, Chauvin J, Dautreppe B, Pécaut J, Fortage J, Collomb MN. Cobalt(II) Pentaaza-Macrocyclic Schiff Base Complex as Catalyst for Light-Driven Hydrogen Evolution in Water: Electrochemical Generation and Theoretical Investigation of the One-Electron Reduced Species. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:9043-9056. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Gueret
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Mateusz Rebarz
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516, LASIR, Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, F59 000 Lille, France
| | | | - Michel Sliwa
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516, LASIR, Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, F59 000 Lille, France
| | | | - Baptiste Dautreppe
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRI, SYMMES 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jacques Pécaut
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRI, SYMMES 38000 Grenoble, France
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16
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Kohler L, Mulfort KL. Photoinduced electron transfer kinetics of linked Ru-Co photocatalyst dyads. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Dalle K, Warnan J, Leung JJ, Reuillard B, Karmel IS, Reisner E. Electro- and Solar-Driven Fuel Synthesis with First Row Transition Metal Complexes. Chem Rev 2019; 119:2752-2875. [PMID: 30767519 PMCID: PMC6396143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 391] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of renewable fuels from abundant water or the greenhouse gas CO2 is a major step toward creating sustainable and scalable energy storage technologies. In the last few decades, much attention has focused on the development of nonprecious metal-based catalysts and, in more recent years, their integration in solid-state support materials and devices that operate in water. This review surveys the literature on 3d metal-based molecular catalysts and focuses on their immobilization on heterogeneous solid-state supports for electro-, photo-, and photoelectrocatalytic synthesis of fuels in aqueous media. The first sections highlight benchmark homogeneous systems using proton and CO2 reducing 3d transition metal catalysts as well as commonly employed methods for catalyst immobilization, including a discussion of supporting materials and anchoring groups. The subsequent sections elaborate on productive associations between molecular catalysts and a wide range of substrates based on carbon, quantum dots, metal oxide surfaces, and semiconductors. The molecule-material hybrid systems are organized as "dark" cathodes, colloidal photocatalysts, and photocathodes, and their figures of merit are discussed alongside system stability and catalyst integrity. The final section extends the scope of this review to prospects and challenges in targeting catalysis beyond "classical" H2 evolution and CO2 reduction to C1 products, by summarizing cases for higher-value products from N2 reduction, C x>1 products from CO2 utilization, and other reductive organic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jane J. Leung
- Christian Doppler Laboratory
for Sustainable SynGas Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Bertrand Reuillard
- Christian Doppler Laboratory
for Sustainable SynGas Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Isabell S. Karmel
- Christian Doppler Laboratory
for Sustainable SynGas Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory
for Sustainable SynGas Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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18
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Kohler L, Niklas J, Johnson RC, Zeller M, Poluektov OG, Mulfort KL. Molecular Cobalt Catalysts for H2 Generation with Redox Activity and Proton Relays in the Second Coordination Sphere. Inorg Chem 2018; 58:1697-1709. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Kohler
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jens Niklas
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Ryan C. Johnson
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Oleg G. Poluektov
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Karen L. Mulfort
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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19
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Design of Molecular Water Oxidation Catalysts Stabilized by Ultrathin Inorganic Overlayers—Is Active Site Protection Necessary? INORGANICS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics6040105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anchored molecular catalysts provide a good step towards bridging the gap between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. However, applications in an aqueous environment pose a serious challenge to anchoring groups in terms of stability. Ultrathin overlayers embedding these catalysts on the surface using atomic layer deposition (ALD) are an elegant solution to tackle the anchoring group instability. The propensity of ALD precursors to react with water leads to the question whether molecules containing aqua ligands, such as most water oxidation complexes, can be protected without side reactions and deactivation during the deposition process. We synthesized two iridium and two ruthenium-based water oxidation catalysts, which contained an aqua ligand (Ir–OH2 and Ru–OH2) or a chloride (Ir–Cl and Ru–Cl) that served as a protecting group for the former. Using a ligand exchange reaction on the anchored and partially embedded Ru–Cl, the optimal overlayer thickness was determined to be 1.6 nm. An electrochemical test of the protected catalysts on meso-ITO showed different behaviors for the Ru and the Ir catalysts. The former showed no onset difference between protected and non-protected versions, but limited stability. Ir–Cl displayed excellent stability, whilst the unprotected catalyst Ir–OH2 showed a later initial onset. Self-regeneration of the catalytic activity of Ir–OH2 under operating conditions was observed. We propose chloride ligands as generally applicable protecting groups for catalysts that are to be stabilized on surfaces using ALD.
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20
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Lei JM, Luo SP, Zhan SZ. A water soluble cocatalyst based on a cobalt(II) complex of S,S’-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,2-thioethane for photochemical driven hydrogen evolution from water under visible light. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Panneerselvam M, Jaccob M. Role of Anation on the Mechanism of Proton Reduction Involving a Pentapyridine Cobalt Complex: A Theoretical Study. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:8116-8127. [PMID: 29969023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of proton reduction involving pentapyridine cobalt(II) complex were investigated with the help of quantum chemical calculations. Free energy profile of all possible mechanistic routes for proton reduction was constructed with the consideration of both anation and solvent bound pathways. The computed free energy profile shows that acetate ion plays a significant role in modulating the kinetic aspects of Co(III)-hydride formation which is found to be the key intermediate for proton reduction. Upon replacing solvent by acetate ion, one electron reduction and protonation of CoI species become more rapid along with slow displacement reaction. Most favorable pathways for hydrogen evolution from Co(III)-hydride species is also investigated. Among the four possible pathways, reduction followed by protonation of Co(III)-hydride (RPP) is found to be the most feasible pathway. On the basis of QTAIM and NBO analyses, the electronic origin of most favorable pathway is explained. The basicity of cobalt center along with thermodynamic stability of putative CoIII/II-H species is essentially a prime factor in deciding the most favorable pathway for hydrogen evolution. Our computed results are in good agreement with experimental observations and also provided adequate information to design cobalt-based molecular electrocatalysts for proton reduction in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Panneerselvam
- Department of Chemistry , Loyola College , Chennai 600 034 , Tamil Nadu , India.,Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Loyola Institute of Frontier Energy (LIFE) , Loyola College , Chennai 600 034 , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Madhavan Jaccob
- Department of Chemistry , Loyola College , Chennai 600 034 , Tamil Nadu , India.,Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Loyola Institute of Frontier Energy (LIFE) , Loyola College , Chennai 600 034 , Tamil Nadu , India
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22
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Reim I, Wriedt B, Tastan Ü, Ziegenbalg D, Karnahl M. Impact of the Type of Reactor and the Catalytic Conditions on the Photocatalytic Production of Hydrogen Using a Fully Noble-Metal-Free System. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Immanuel Reim
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Benjamin Wriedt
- Institute of Chemical Technology; University of Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Ümit Tastan
- Institute of Chemical Technology; University of Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Dirk Ziegenbalg
- Institute of Chemical Technology; University of Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Michael Karnahl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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23
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Joliat-Wick E, Weder N, Klose D, Bachmann C, Spingler B, Probst B, Alberto R. Light-Induced H2 Evolution with a Macrocyclic Cobalt Diketo-Pyrphyrin as a Proton-Reducing Catalyst. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:1651-1655. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne Joliat-Wick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Weder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Klose
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cyril Bachmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Spingler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Probst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Alberto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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24
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Romanović MČ, Milenković MR, Pevec A, Turel I, Spasojević V, Grubišić S, Radanović D, Anđelković K, Čobeljić B. Crystal structures, magnetic properties and DFT study of cobalt(II) azido complexes with the condensation product of 2-quinolinecarboxaldehyde and Girard’s T reagent. Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Gabr MT, Pigge FC. A fluorescent turn-on probe for cyanide anion detection based on an AIE active cobalt(ii) complex. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:2079-2085. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04242f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A Co(ii) complex based on an AIE-active tetraarylethylene ligand displays selective fluorescence enhancement in the presence of cyanide anion in aqueous solution.
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26
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Rieger A, Schnidrig S, Probst B, Ernst KH, Wäckerlin C. Ranking the Stability of Transition-Metal Complexes by On-Surface Atom Exchange. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:6193-6198. [PMID: 29202241 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Surface-adsorbed macrocycles exhibit a number of interesting physical and chemical properties; many of them are determined by their transition-metal centers. The hierarchical exchange of the central metal atom in such surface-adsorbed complexes is demonstrated, specifically in the porphyrin-like macrocycle pyrphyrin adsorbed on Cu(111). Using scanning tunneling microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we show that Cu as central metal atom is easily exchanged with Ni or Fe atoms supplied in trace amounts to the surface. Atom exchange of Ni centers with Fe atoms also occurs, with moderate yield. These results allow ranking the stability of the surface-adsorbed Cu, Ni, and Fe complexes. The fact that the atom exchange occurs at 423 K shows that surface-adsorbed macrocycles can be surprisingly easily transformed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Rieger
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Schnidrig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich , 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Probst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich , 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Ernst
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich , 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Wäckerlin
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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27
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Call A, Franco F, Kandoth N, Fernández S, González-Béjar M, Pérez-Prieto J, Luis JM, Lloret-Fillol J. Understanding light-driven H 2 evolution through the electronic tuning of aminopyridine cobalt complexes. Chem Sci 2017; 9:2609-2619. [PMID: 29675253 PMCID: PMC5892349 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04328g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic effects provide a general mechanistic scenario for rationalizing photocatalytic water reduction activity with aminopyridine cobalt complexes.
A new family of cobalt complexes with the general formula [CoII(OTf)2(Y,XPyMetacn)] (1R, Y,XPyMetacn = 1-[(4-X-3,5-Y-2-pyridyl)methyl]-4,7-dimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane, (X = CN (1CN), CO2Et (1CO2Et), Cl (1Cl), H (1H), NMe2 (1NMe2)) where (Y = H, and X = OMe when Y = Me (1DMM)) is reported. We found that the electronic tuning of the Y,XPyMetacn ligand not only has an impact on the electronic and structural properties of the metal center, but also allows for a systematic water-reduction-catalytic control. In particular, the increase of the electron-withdrawing character of the pyridine moiety promotes a 20-fold enhancement of the catalytic outcome. By UV-Vis spectroscopy, luminescence quenching studies and Transient Absorption Spectroscopy (TAS), we have studied the direct reaction of the photogenerated [IrIII(ppy)2(bpy˙–)] (PSIr) species to form the elusive CoI intermediates. In particular, our attention is focused on the effect of the ligand architecture in this elemental step of the catalytic mechanism. Finally, kinetic isotopic experiments together with DFT calculations provide complementary information about the rate-determining step of the catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Call
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Avinguda Països Catalans 16 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain .
| | - Federico Franco
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Avinguda Països Catalans 16 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain .
| | - Noufal Kandoth
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Avinguda Països Catalans 16 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain .
| | - Sergio Fernández
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Avinguda Països Catalans 16 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain .
| | - María González-Béjar
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol) , Universidad de Valencia , C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, Paterna , E46980 Valencia , Spain
| | - Julia Pérez-Prieto
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol) , Universidad de Valencia , C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, Paterna , E46980 Valencia , Spain
| | - Josep M Luis
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) , Departament de Química , Universitat de Girona , Campus Montilivi , E17071 Girona , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Julio Lloret-Fillol
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Avinguda Països Catalans 16 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain . .,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) , Passeig Lluïs Companys, 23 , 08010 , Barcelona , Spain
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28
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Schnidrig S, Bachmann C, Müller P, Weder N, Spingler B, Joliat-Wick E, Mosberger M, Windisch J, Alberto R, Probst B. Structure-Activity and Stability Relationships for Cobalt Polypyridyl-Based Hydrogen-Evolving Catalysts in Water. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:4570-4580. [PMID: 29052339 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of eight new and three known cobalt polypyridyl-based hydrogen-evolving catalysts (HECs) with distinct electronic and structural differences are benchmarked in photocatalytic runs in water. Methylene-bridged bis-bipyridyl is the preferred scaffold, both in terms of stability and rate. For a cobalt complex of the tetradentate methanol-bridged bispyridyl-bipyridyl complex [CoII Br(tpy)]Br, a detailed mechanistic picture is obtained by combining electrochemistry, spectroscopy, and photocatalysis. In the acidic branch, a proton-coupled electron transfer, assigned to formation of CoIII -H, is found upon reduction of CoII , in line with a pKa (CoIII -H) of approximately 7.25. Subsequent reduction (-0.94 V vs. NHE) and protonation close the catalytic cycle. Methoxy substitution on the bipyridyl scaffold results in the expected cathodic shift of the reduction, but fails to change the pKa (CoIII -H). An analysis of the outcome of the benchmarking in view of this postulated mechanism is given along with an outlook for design criteria for new generations of catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Schnidrig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Switzerland
| | - Cyril Bachmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Switzerland
| | - Peter Müller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Weder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Spingler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Switzerland
| | - Evelyne Joliat-Wick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Mosberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Windisch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Switzerland
| | - Roger Alberto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Probst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Switzerland
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29
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Leuenberger D, Zabka WD, Shah OFR, Schnidrig S, Probst B, Alberto R, Osterwalder J. Atomically Resolved Band Bending Effects in a p-n Heterojunction of Cu 2O and a Cobalt Macrocycle. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:6620-6625. [PMID: 28972377 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a hetero junction based on macrocyclic hydrogen evolution catalysts (HEC) physisorbed on a single crystalline Cu2O(111) surface. Angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS) provides the spatial resolution of the band bending within the first nanometer of the subsurface region. Oxygen vacancies on the Cu2O(111) surface cause a downward band bending which is conserved upon adsorption of HEC layers of various thicknesses. This allows photoexcited electrons to be directed toward the surface where they can be made available for the reduction of protons by the HEC. Furthermore, Poisson's equation relates more subtle changes in the measured ARXPS spectra to the local charge density profile within the first 7 Å away from the surface and with atomic resolution. All observations are consistent with a polarization of the molecular layer in response to the electrical field at the oxide surface, which should be a general phenomenon at such organic-oxide heterointerfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Leuenberger
- Physics Institute, ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Wolf-D Zabka
- Physics Institute, ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver-F R Shah
- Physics Institute, ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Schnidrig
- Physics Institute, ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Probst
- Physics Institute, ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Alberto
- Physics Institute, ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Osterwalder
- Physics Institute, ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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30
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Lei S, Jin B, Peng R, Zhang Q, Chu S. Synthesis of a tetrazine-based catecholamide derivative and its evaluation as a chelating agent for removal of Cd(II), Co(II), and Cu(II). J COORD CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2017.1340644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Lei
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Nonmetal Composites and Functional Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Bo Jin
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Nonmetal Composites and Functional Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Rufang Peng
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Nonmetal Composites and Functional Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Qingchun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Nonmetal Composites and Functional Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Shijin Chu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Nonmetal Composites and Functional Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
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31
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Wiktor J, Bruneval F, Pasquarello A. Partial Molar Volumes of Aqua Ions from First Principles. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:3427-3431. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Wiktor
- Chaire
de Simulation à l’Echelle Atomique (CSEA), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabien Bruneval
- DEN
- Service de Recherches de Métallurgie Physique, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Alfredo Pasquarello
- Chaire
de Simulation à l’Echelle Atomique (CSEA), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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32
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Graf M, Mette G, Leuenberger D, Gurdal Y, Iannuzzi M, Zabka WD, Schnidrig S, Probst B, Hutter J, Alberto R, Osterwalder J. The impact of metalation on adsorption geometry, electronic level alignment and UV-stability of organic macrocycles on TiO 2(110). NANOSCALE 2017; 9:8756-8763. [PMID: 28616947 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr02317k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Metal complexes of the tetradentate bipyridine based macrocycle pyrphyrin (Pyr) have recently shown promise as water reduction catalysts in homogeneous photochemical water splitting reactions. In this study, the adsorption and metalation of pyrphyrin on stoichiometric TiO2(110) is investigated in ultrahigh vacuum by means of scanning tunneling microscopy, photoelectron spectroscopy, low-energy electron diffraction, and density functional theory. In a joint experimental and computational effort, the local adsorption geometry at low coverage, the long-range molecular ordering at higher coverage and the electronic structure have been determined for both the bare ligand and the cobalt-metalated Pyr molecule on TiO2. The energy level alignment of CoPyr/TiO2 supports electron injection into TiO2 upon photoexcitation of the CoPyr complex and thus renders it a potential sensitizer dye. Importantly, Co-incorporation is found to stabilize the Pyr molecule against photo-induced degradation, while the bare ligand is decomposed rapidly under continuous UV-irradiation. This interesting phenomenon is discussed in terms of additional de-excitation channels for electronically highly excited molecular states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Graf
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Gerson Mette
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | | | - Yeliz Gurdal
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marcella Iannuzzi
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Stephan Schnidrig
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Probst
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Hutter
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Alberto
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Osterwalder
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
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33
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Li J, Wäckerlin C, Schnidrig S, Joliat E, Alberto R, Ernst KH. On-Surface Metalation and 2D Self-Assembly of Pyrphyrin Molecules Into Metal-Coordinated Networks on Cu(111). Helv Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201600278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Li
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology; Überlandstrasse 129 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Christian Wäckerlin
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology; Überlandstrasse 129 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Stephan Schnidrig
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Evelyne Joliat
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Roger Alberto
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Ernst
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology; Überlandstrasse 129 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
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34
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Martindale BCM, Joliat E, Bachmann C, Alberto R, Reisner E. Clean Donor Oxidation Enhances the H
2
Evolution Activity of a Carbon Quantum Dot–Molecular Catalyst Photosystem. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:9402-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C. M. Martindale
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Sustainable SynGas Chemistry, Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Evelyne Joliat
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Zürich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Cyril Bachmann
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Zürich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Roger Alberto
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Zürich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Sustainable SynGas Chemistry, Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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Windisch J, Orazietti M, Hamm P, Alberto R, Probst B. General Scheme for Oxidative Quenching of a Copper Bis-Phenanthroline Photosensitizer for Light-Driven Hydrogen Production. CHEMSUSCHEM 2016; 9:1719-1726. [PMID: 27226427 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201600422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A new, general reaction scheme for photocatalytic hydrogen production is presented based on oxidative quenching of a homoleptic copper(I) bis-1,10-phenanthroline photosensitizer (PS) by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium (MPP(+) ) as the electron relay and subsequent regeneration of the so formed copper(II) complex by a sacrificial electron donor. Electron transfer from the relay to various cobalt based water reduction catalysts and subsequent H2 production was shown to close the catalytic cycle. Transient absorption experiments unambiguously confirmed the proposed pathway, both the oxidative quenching and subsequent regeneration of oxidized PS. Photocatalytic test runs further confirmed the role of MPP(+) and up to 10 turnovers were achieved in the relay. The performance limiting factor of the system was shown to be the decomplexation of the copper PS. Quantum yields of the system were 0.03 for H2 production, but 0.6 for MPP(.) formation, clearly indicating that unproductive pathways still prevail.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Windisch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8049, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Orazietti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8049, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - P Hamm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8049, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R Alberto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8049, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B Probst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8049, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Martindale BCM, Joliat E, Bachmann C, Alberto R, Reisner E. Clean Donor Oxidation Enhances the H
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Evolution Activity of a Carbon Quantum Dot–Molecular Catalyst Photosystem. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201604355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C. M. Martindale
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Sustainable SynGas Chemistry, Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Evelyne Joliat
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Zürich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Cyril Bachmann
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Zürich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Roger Alberto
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Zürich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Sustainable SynGas Chemistry, Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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Mette G, Sutter D, Gurdal Y, Schnidrig S, Probst B, Iannuzzi M, Hutter J, Alberto R, Osterwalder J. From porphyrins to pyrphyrins: adsorption study and metalation of a molecular catalyst on Au(111). NANOSCALE 2016; 8:7958-7968. [PMID: 27006307 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08953k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The molecular ligand pyrphyrin, a tetradentate bipyridine based macrocycle, represents an interesting but widely unexplored class of molecules. It resembles the well-known porphyrin, but consists of pyridyl subunits instead of pyrroles. Metal complexes based on pyrphyrin ligands have recently shown promise as water reduction catalysts in homogeneous photochemical water splitting reactions. In this study, the adsorption and metalation of pyrphyrin on a single crystalline Au(111) surface is investigated in an ultrahigh vacuum by means of scanning tunneling microscopy, low-energy electron diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory. Pyrphyrin coverages of approximately one monolayer and less are obtained by sublimation of the molecules on the substrate kept at room temperature. The molecules self-assemble in two distinct phases of long-range molecular ordering depending on the surface coverage. The deposition of cobalt metal and subsequent annealing lead to the formation of Co-ligated pyrphyrin molecules accompanied by a pronounced change of the molecular self-assembly. Electronic structure calculations taking the herringbone reconstruction of Au(111) into account show that the molecules are physisorbed, but preferred adsorption sites are identified where Co and the N atoms of the two terminal cyano groups are optimally coordinated to the surface Au atoms. An intermediate state of the metalation reaction is observed and the reaction steps for the Co metalation of pyrphyrin molecules on Au(111) are established in a joint experimental and computational effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerson Mette
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Denys Sutter
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Yeliz Gurdal
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Schnidrig
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Probst
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marcella Iannuzzi
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Hutter
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Alberto
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Osterwalder
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
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