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Battistin F, Bolliger R, Besmer ML, Fox T, Blacque O, Braband H, Alberto R. Light-Driven Ring Slippage in [Re(η 7-C 7H 7)(η 5-C 7H 9)] + and the Inertness of Its Technetium Homologue. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:2701-2708. [PMID: 38253322 PMCID: PMC10848200 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Here, we present the light-driven reactions of [Re(η7-C7H7)(η5-C7H9)]+ (1+) with nitriles, phosphines, and isocyanides, which are added to 1+ via a ring slippage of the tropylium cation from η7 to η3, forming [Re(η3-C7H7)(η5-C7H9)(L)2]+ (L= acetonitrile 2+; 2-phenylacetonitrile 3+; 1,3,5-triaza-5-phosphoadamantane (PTA) 4+; tert-butyl isocyanide 6+; benzyl isocyanide 7+) and [Re(η3-C7H7)(η5-C7H9)(L)]+ with L = (ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(diphenylphosphane) (dppe) 5+. To compare the reactivities of rhenium and technetium, we also investigated the synthesis of [99Tc(η6-C10H8)2]+, its substitution of naphthalene with cyclohepta-1,3,5-triene to obtain [99Tc(η7-C7H7)(η5-C7H9)]+, and its reactivity (or lack thereof) with light.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin Bolliger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Luca Besmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Fox
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Henrik Braband
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Roger Alberto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
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Besmer ML, Schwitter F, Battistin F, Braband H, Fox T, Spingler B, Alberto R. Induced fac- mer rearrangements in {M(CO) 3} + complexes (M = Re, 99(m)Tc) by a PNP ligand. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:1434-1438. [PMID: 38189151 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03992g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The fac-mer rearrangements in [MX3(CO)3]2- (M = Re, 99Tc) induced by a pincer-type ligand (PNP) and a "halide scavenger" are reported. The reactions of fac-[99mTc(CO)3(OH2)3]+ or [99mTcO4]- in saline both yield mer-[99mTc(PNP)(CO)3]+, the first example of a mer-{99mTc(CO)3}+ type complex. In contrast, reactions with terpyridine (terpy) only gave the facial κ2-terpy complexes with Re and 99Tc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Luca Besmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Flurina Schwitter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Federica Battistin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Henrik Braband
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Fox
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Bernhard Spingler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Roger Alberto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Roithmeyer H, Sévery L, Moehl T, Spingler B, Blacque O, Fox T, Iannuzzi M, Tilley SD. Electrocatalytic Ammonia Oxidation with a Tailored Molecular Catalyst Heterogenized via Surface Host-Guest Complexation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:430-436. [PMID: 38134360 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Macrocyclic host molecules bound to electrode surfaces enable the complexation of catalytically active guests for molecular heterogeneous catalysis. We present a surface-anchored host-guest complex with the ability to electrochemically oxidize ammonia in both organic and aqueous solutions. With an adamantyl motif as the binding group on the backbone of the molecular catalyst [Ru(bpy-NMe2)(tpada)(Cl)](PF6) (1) (where bpy-NMe2 is 4,4'-bis(dimethylamino)-2,2'-bipyridyl and tpada is 4'-(adamantan-1-yl)-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine), high binding constants with β-cyclodextrin were observed in solution (in DMSO-d6:D2O (7:3), K11 = 492 ± 21 M-1). The strong binding affinities were also transferred to a mesoporous ITO (mITO) surface functionalized with a phosphonated derivative of β-cyclodextrin. The newly designed catalyst (1) was compared to the previously reported naphthyl-substituted catalyst [Ru(bpy-NMe2)(tpnp)(Cl)](PF6) (2) (where tpnp is 4'-(naphthalene-2-yl)-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine) for its stability during catalysis. Despite the insulating nature of the adamantyl substituent serving as the binding group, the stronger binding of this unit to the host-functionalized electrode and the resulting shorter distance between the catalytic active center and the surface led to better performance and higher stability. Both guests are able to oxidize ammonia in both organic and aqueous solutions, and the host-anchored electrode can be refunctionalized multiple times (>3) following the loss of the catalytic activity, without a reduction in performance. Guest 1 exhibits significantly higher stability in comparison to guest 2 toward basic conditions, which often constitutes a challenge for anchored molecular systems. Ammonia oxidation in water led to the selective formation of NO3- with Faradaic efficiencies of up to 100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Roithmeyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Sévery
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Moehl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Spingler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Fox
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Marcella Iannuzzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - S David Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
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Ochoa R, Fox T. Assessing the fast prediction of peptide conformers and the impact of non-natural modifications. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 125:108608. [PMID: 37659134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
We present an assessment of different approaches to predict peptide structures using modeling tools. Several small molecule, protein, and peptide-focused methodologies were used for the fast prediction of conformers for peptides shorter than 30 amino acids. We assessed the effect of including restraints based on annotated or predicted secondary structure motifs. A number of peptides in bound conformations and in solution were collected to compare the tools. In addition, we studied the impact of changing single amino acids to non-natural residues using molecular dynamics simulations. Deep learning methods such as AlphaFold2, or the combination of physics-based approaches with secondary structure information, produce the most accurate results for natural sequences. In the case of peptides with non-natural modifications, modeling the peptide containing natural amino acids first and then modifying and simulating the peptide using benchmarked force fields is a recommended pipeline. The results can guide the modeling of oligopeptides for drug discovery projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Ochoa
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397 Biberach/Riss, Germany.
| | - Thomas Fox
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397 Biberach/Riss, Germany
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Lai K, O'Brien PC, Dreosti MV, Burke M, Batchelor N, Austin M, Fox T, Hoy L. Implementation of a Systematic, Digital Oncology Workflow for Patient Distress Screening in a National, Multi-Site Radiotherapy Outpatient Setting. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e402-e403. [PMID: 37785343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Distress screening is recommended as standard of care in oncology to improve the quality of personalized care for patients, however previously reported barriers have led to poor uptake and reporting of clinician follow up and interventions. Our purpose was to improve the quality of personalized care for patients with high patient participation rate (>50%), clinical and nurse workflow compliance rate (>70%) and create structured data for practice improvement. To achieve this purpose, an in-house systematic digital screen and templated well-being plan (WBP) workflow was implemented across 33 outpatient Radiation Oncology sites in a multi-institutional center. MATERIALS/METHODS An in-house digital version of the NCCN Distress Thermometer and Problem Checklist (DT) was built in the integrated web-based portal for patients to complete at home or in a clinic setting. A digital workflow was co-designed with clinicians with automatic integration of the DT PDF document into the Electronic Medical Record (EMR), assigned for doctor review. Nurses subsequently recorded screening actions in the WBP. An extensive engagement, education and support program was completed nationally with phased implementation after an initial pilot at 3 sites. Staff and patient feedback were documented and presented with the collated data for review. RESULTS The program was successfully implemented at 33 centers across Australia in the multi-site organization between March and October 2022. A total of 7788 distress screening forms were submitted with an uptake rate of 78% at baseline and 53% at end of treatment (EOT). DT document approval rates by doctors varied (41%-98%), and WBP was completed for 48-100% of patients, with variations of rates and use noted between states and individuals for both. Referrals were recorded in the WBP for 3% of patients, however, as up to 52% of documentation was not in a WBP (for some states), true referral numbers require further manual analysis. Pairwise analysis of screening scores between time points saw 42% of scores reduced, 34% increased and 24% with no change. Analysis of a subset of patients with increased or no change in score showed 57% had some change in categories of distress, 22% had complete change and 10% had no change. CONCLUSION With an increasing global focus on improving patient centered care, implementation of a systematic digital workflow for distress screening and supportive care was achieved resulting in patient identified stressors being addressed as standard of care. Key barriers reported, include confidence discussing screening results with patients and manual workflows at EOT. The provision of a rich data set can also highlight opportunities for clinical practice improvement, cohort-based focus, clinical quality indicators, benchmarking and reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lai
- GenesisCare, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - P C O'Brien
- Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Newcastle, Australia; GenesisCare, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - M V Dreosti
- Genesis Cancer Care SA, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - M Burke
- GenesisCare, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - M Austin
- GenesisCare, Brisbane, Australia
| | - T Fox
- GenesisCare USA, Fort Myers, FL
| | - L Hoy
- GenesisCare, Melbourne, Australia
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Price M, Munoz L, McLoone P, Paludi D, Fox T, Mastwyk T. Clinical Evaluation of an Automated Iterative Optimization System for Radiation Oncology. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e707-e708. [PMID: 37786071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Automation of radiotherapy treatment planning improves efficiency and consistency, while reducing planning time and errors. The objective of this study was to validate an Iterative Optimization Engine (IOE) within an existing automated IMRT/VMAT planning framework. The IOE was designed to reduce remaining manual intervention within the automation framework through measuring and codifying common user intervention within a commercial planning system. MATERIALS/METHODS The IOE was developed for external beam IMRT/VMAT treatment planning on the Monaco Treatment Planning System. The IOE was built on an existing automation framework, utilizing the Application Programming Interface (API) to create completely automated treatment plans. A network of 40 centers in Australia evaluated automated treatment plans for head and neck disease sites where users decided manual intervention was required post automated planning to achieve clinician approval. The modifications to automated plans were recorded, analyzed, and codified into the API to remove the requirement for manual intervention. A subset of the automated plans was then retrospectively processed by the IOE with resulting plans being scored in three categories of 1) superior, 2) equivalent and 3) inferior based on DVH assessment with the original clinician approved plan as the baseline. RESULTS The automation framework generated 546 head and neck plans from January 1 to February 1, 2023, of which 45% required manual intervention to achieve dosimetric criteria. After being processed by the IOE, 86% of plans showed equivalent or superior coverage and maximum dose, and 95% of plans demonstrated equivalent homogeneity or improved homogeneity. Multi-target plans showed equivalent or improved target dose for 67% of intermediate dose targets and 39% of low dose targets when multiple targets were treated simultaneously. Analysis of organs at risk showed 38% of plans with reduced Parotid mean dose, 92% improved Larynx mean dose, 43% reduced Spinal Cord maximum dose, 57% decreased Brainstem maximum dose, 85% reduced Oral Cavity mean dose and 56% reduced Pharynx mean dose. CONCLUSION The addition of an IOE achieved a clinical improvement to target and OAR metrics in the assessed clinical plans. The automation framework will incorporate this work into clinical production to improve the overall effectiveness of the automated planning framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Price
- GenesisCare, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - L Munoz
- GenesisCare, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - D Paludi
- GenesisCare, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - T Fox
- GenesisCare USA, Fort Myers, FL
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Ochoa R, Brown JB, Fox T. pyPept: a python library to generate atomistic 2D and 3D representations of peptides. J Cheminform 2023; 15:79. [PMID: 37700347 PMCID: PMC10498622 DOI: 10.1186/s13321-023-00748-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We present pyPept, a set of executables and underlying python-language classes to easily create, manipulate, and analyze peptide molecules using the FASTA, HELM, or recently-developed BILN notations. The framework enables the analysis of both pure proteinogenic peptides as well as those with non-natural amino acids, including support to assemble a customizable monomer library, without requiring programming. From line notations, a peptide is transformed into a molecular graph for 2D depiction tasks, the calculation of physicochemical properties, and other systematic analyses or processing pipelines. The package includes a module to rapidly generate approximate peptide conformers by incorporating secondary structure restraints either given by the user or predicted via pyPept, and a wrapper tool is also provided to automate the generation and output of 2D and 3D representations of a peptide directly from the line notation. HELM and BILN notations that include circular, branched, or stapled peptides are fully supported, eliminating errors in structure creation that are prone during manual drawing and connecting. The framework and common workflows followed in pyPept are described together with illustrative examples. pyPept has been released at: https://github.com/Boehringer-Ingelheim/pyPept .
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Ochoa
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach/Riss, Germany
| | - J B Brown
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach/Riss, Germany
| | - Thomas Fox
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach/Riss, Germany.
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Besmer ML, Braband H, Fox T, Spingler B, Sattelberger AP, Alberto R. Binding Small Molecules to a cis-Dicarbonyl 99Tc I-PNP Complex via Metal-Ligand Cooperativity. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37351561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Metal-ligand cooperativity is a powerful tool for the activation of various bonds but has rarely, if ever, been studied with the radioactive transition metal 99Tc. In this work, we explore this bond activation pathway with the dearomatized PNP complex cis-[99TcI(PyrPNPtBu*)(CO)2] (4), which was synthesized by deprotonation of trans-[99TcI(PyrPNPtBu)(CO)2Cl] with KOtBu. Analogous to its rhenium congener, the dearomatized compound reacts with CO2 to form the carboxy complex cis-[99TcI(PyrPNPtBu-COO)(CO)2] and with H2 to form the mono-hydride complex cis-[99TcI(PyrPNPtBu)(CO)2H] (7). Substrates with weakly acidic protons are deprotonated by the Brønsted basic pincer backbone of 4, yielding a variety of intriguing complexes. Reactions with terminal alkynes enable the isolation of acetylide complexes. The deprotonation of an imidazolium salt results in the in situ formation and coordination of a carbene ligand. Furthermore, a study with heterocyclic substrates allowed for the isolation of pyrrolide and pyrazolide complexes, which is uncommon for Tc. The spectroscopic analyses and their solid-state structures are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Luca Besmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Henrik Braband
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Fox
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Spingler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Alfred P Sattelberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, 4111 Libra Drive, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Roger Alberto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
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Statler VA, Fox T, Ardura MI. Spotting a potential threat: Measles among pediatric solid organ transplantation recipients. Pediatr Transplant 2023; 27:e14502. [PMID: 36919399 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-vaccination rates worldwide have led to the re-emergence of vaccine-preventable infections, including measles. Immunocompromised patients, including pediatric solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, are at risk for measles because of suboptimal vaccination, reduced or waning vaccine immunity, lifelong immunosuppression, and global re-emergence of measles. OBJECTIVES To review published cases of measles in pediatric SOT recipients to heighten awareness of its clinical manifestations, summarize diagnostic and treatment strategies, and identify opportunities to optimize prevention. METHODS We conducted a literature review of published natural measles infections in SOT recipients ≤21 years of age, summarizing management and outcomes. We describe measles epidemiology, recommended diagnostics, treatment, and highlight prevention strategies. RESULTS There are seven published reports of measles infection in 12 pediatric SOT recipients, the majority of whom were unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated. Subjects had atypical or severe clinical presentations, including lack of rash and complications, most frequently with encephalitis and pneumonitis, resulting in 33% mortality. Updated recommendations on testing and vaccination are provided. Treatment options beyond supportive care and vitamin A are limited, with no approved antivirals. CONCLUSION While measles is infrequently reported in pediatric SOT recipients, morbidity and mortality remain significant. A high index of suspicion is warranted in susceptible SOT recipients with clinically compatible illness or exposure. Providers must recognize this risk, educate families, and be aware of both classic and atypical presentations of measles to rapidly identify, isolate, and diagnose measles in pediatric SOT recipients. Continued efforts to optimize measles vaccination both pre- and post-SOT are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Statler
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Norton Children's and University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Thomas Fox
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Monica I Ardura
- Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases & Host Defense, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Fox T, Bueren J, Candotti F, Fischer A, Aiuti A, Lankester A, Booth C. Access to gene therapy for rare diseases when commercialization is not fit for purpose. Nat Med 2023; 29:518-519. [PMID: 36782029 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02208-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Fox
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Juan Bueren
- Biomedical Innovation Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) and IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabio Candotti
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, University Hospital of Lausanne and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Alessandro Aiuti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Arjan Lankester
- Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Claire Booth
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
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Thamm S, Willwacher MK, Aspnes GE, Bretschneider T, Brown NF, Buschbom-Helmke S, Fox T, Gargano EM, Grabowski D, Hoenke C, Matera D, Mueck K, Peters S, Reindl S, Riether D, Schmid M, Tautermann CS, Teitelbaum AM, Trünkle C, Veser T, Winter M, Wortmann L. Discovery of a Novel Potent and Selective HSD17B13 Inhibitor, BI-3231, a Well-Characterized Chemical Probe Available for Open Science. J Med Chem 2023; 66:2832-2850. [PMID: 36727857 PMCID: PMC9969402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies in patients revealed HSD17B13 as a potential new target for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and other liver diseases. However, the physiological function and the disease-relevant substrate of HSD17B13 remain unknown. In addition, no suitable chemical probe for HSD17B13 has been published yet. Herein, we report the identification of the novel potent and selective HSD17B13 inhibitor BI-3231. Through high-throughput screening (HTS), using estradiol as substrate, compound 1 was identified and selected for subsequent optimization resulting in compound 45 (BI-3231). In addition to the characterization of compound 45 for its functional, physicochemical, and drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic (DMPK) properties, NAD+ dependency was investigated. To support Open Science, the chemical HSD17B13 probe BI-3231 will be available to the scientific community for free via the opnMe platform, and thus can help to elucidate the pharmacology of HSD17B13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Thamm
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany,
| | | | - Gary E. Aspnes
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Tom Bretschneider
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Nicholas F. Brown
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | | | - Thomas Fox
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Emanuele M. Gargano
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Daniel Grabowski
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Christoph Hoenke
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Damian Matera
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, PO Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Katja Mueck
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Stefan Peters
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Sophia Reindl
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Doris Riether
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmid
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | | | - Aaron M. Teitelbaum
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Cornelius Trünkle
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Thomas Veser
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Martin Winter
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Lars Wortmann
- Boehringer
Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany,
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12
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Loipersberger M, Malone FD, Welden AR, Parrish RM, Fox T, Degroote M, Kyoseva E, Moll N, Santagati R, Streif M. Accurate Non-Covalent Interaction Energies on Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum Computers via Second-Order Symmetry-Adapted Perturbation Theory. Chem Sci 2023; 14:3587-3599. [PMID: 37006701 PMCID: PMC10055839 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05896k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The computation of non-covalent interaction energies on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers appears to be challenging with straightforward application of existing quantum algorithms. For example, use of the standard supermolecular method...
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Fox
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG Birkendorfer Straße 65 88397 Biberach an der Riß Germany
| | | | - Elica Kyoseva
- Quantum Lab, Boehringer Ingelheim 55218 Ingelheim am Rhein Germany
| | - Nikolaj Moll
- Quantum Lab, Boehringer Ingelheim 55218 Ingelheim am Rhein Germany
| | | | - Michael Streif
- Quantum Lab, Boehringer Ingelheim 55218 Ingelheim am Rhein Germany
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13
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D’Amore L, Hahn DF, Dotson DL, Horton JT, Anwar J, Craig I, Fox T, Gobbi A, Lakkaraju SK, Lucas X, Meier K, Mobley DL, Narayanan A, Schindler CE, Swope WC, in ’t Veld PJ, Wagner J, Xue B, Tresadern G. Collaborative Assessment of Molecular Geometries and Energies from the Open Force Field. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:6094-6104. [PMID: 36433835 PMCID: PMC9873353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c01185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Force fields form the basis for classical molecular simulations, and their accuracy is crucial for the quality of, for instance, protein-ligand binding simulations in drug discovery. The huge diversity of small-molecule chemistry makes it a challenge to build and parameterize a suitable force field. The Open Force Field Initiative is a combined industry and academic consortium developing a state-of-the-art small-molecule force field. In this report, industry members of the consortium worked together to objectively evaluate the performance of the force fields (referred to here as OpenFF) produced by the initiative on a combined public and proprietary dataset of 19,653 relevant molecules selected from their internal research and compound collections. This evaluation was important because it was completely blind; at most partners, none of the molecules or data were used in force field development or testing prior to this work. We compare the Open Force Field "Sage" version 2.0.0 and "Parsley" version 1.3.0 with GAFF-2.11-AM1BCC, OPLS4, and SMIRNOFF99Frosst. We analyzed force-field-optimized geometries and conformer energies compared to reference quantum mechanical data. We show that OPLS4 performs best, and the latest Open Force Field release shows a clear improvement compared to its predecessors. The performance of established force fields such as GAFF-2.11 was generally worse. While OpenFF researchers were involved in building the benchmarking infrastructure used in this work, benchmarking was done entirely in-house within industrial organizations and the resulting assessment is reported here. This work assesses the force field performance using separate benchmarking steps, external datasets, and involving external research groups. This effort may also be unique in terms of the number of different industrial partners involved, with 10 different companies participating in the benchmark efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo D’Amore
- Computational Chemistry, Janssen R&D, C/ Jarama 75A, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - David F. Hahn
- Computational Chemistry, Janssen R&D, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse B-2340, Belgium
| | - David L. Dotson
- The Open Force Field Initiative, Open Molecular Software Foundation, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Joshua T. Horton
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Jamshed Anwar
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Ian Craig
- Molecular Modeling & Drug Discovery, BASF SE, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Thomas Fox
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397 Biberach/Riss, Germany
| | - Alberto Gobbi
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | | | - Xavier Lucas
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Meier
- Computational Life Science Technology Functions, Crop Science, R&D, Bayer AG, 40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - David L. Mobley
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chemistry, University of California 92617, Irvine, USA
| | - Arjun Narayanan
- Data and Computational Sciences, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | | | - William C. Swope
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey Wagner
- The Open Force Field Initiative, Open Molecular Software Foundation, Davis, California, 95616, USA,Chemistry Department, The University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, 92617, USA
| | - Bai Xue
- XtalPi Inc. Floor 3, International Biomedical Innovation Park II, No. 2 Hongliu Road, Fubao Community, Fubao Street, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518040 China
| | - Gary Tresadern
- Computational Chemistry, Janssen R&D, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse B-2340, Belgium
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14
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Fox T, Hughes F, Lai K, Hansen K, Potrebko P, O'Brien P, Curran W. Clinical Decision Support System for Implementing Care Pathways in a Global Radiation Oncology Network. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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15
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Price M, McLoone P, Buman K, Sutter A, Fox T, Potrebko P. Clinical Evaluation of an Automated Treatment Planning Framework for Radiation Oncology. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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16
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Ochoa R, Cossio P, Fox T. Protocol for iterative optimization of modified peptides bound to protein targets. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2022; 36:825-835. [PMID: 36258137 PMCID: PMC9640467 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-022-00482-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Peptides are commonly used as therapeutic agents. However, they suffer from easy degradation and instability. Replacing natural by non-natural amino acids can avoid these problems, and potentially improve the affinity towards the target protein. Here, we present a computational pipeline to optimize peptides based on adding non-natural amino acids while improving their binding affinity. The workflow is an iterative computational evolution algorithm, inspired by the PARCE protocol, that performs single-point mutations on the peptide sequence using modules from the Rosetta framework. The modifications can be guided based on the structural properties or previous knowledge of the biological system. At each mutation step, the affinity to the protein is estimated by sampling the complex conformations and applying a consensus metric using various open protein-ligand scoring functions. The mutations are accepted based on the score differences, allowing for an iterative optimization of the initial peptide. The sampling/scoring scheme was benchmarked with a set of protein-peptide complexes where experimental affinity values have been reported. In addition, a basic application using a known protein-peptide complex is also provided. The structure- and dynamic-based approach allows users to optimize bound peptides, with the option to personalize the code for further applications. The protocol, called mPARCE, is available at: https://github.com/rochoa85/mPARCE/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Ochoa
- Biophysics of Tropical Diseases, Max Planck Tandem Group, University of Antioquia, Medellín, 050010, Colombia. .,Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach/Riss, Germany.
| | - Pilar Cossio
- Biophysics of Tropical Diseases, Max Planck Tandem Group, University of Antioquia, Medellín, 050010, Colombia.,Center for Computational Mathematics, Flatiron Institute, New York, 10010, USA.,Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, New York, 10010, USA
| | - Thomas Fox
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach/Riss, Germany
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17
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Fox T, Bieler M, Haebel P, Ochoa R, Peters S, Weber A. BILN: A Human-Readable Line Notation for Complex Peptides. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:3942-3947. [PMID: 35984937 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present an easy, human-readable line notation to describe even complex peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Fox
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397 Biberach/Riss, Germany
| | - Michael Bieler
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397 Biberach/Riss, Germany
| | - Peter Haebel
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397 Biberach/Riss, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Ochoa
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397 Biberach/Riss, Germany
| | - Stefan Peters
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397 Biberach/Riss, Germany
| | - Alexander Weber
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397 Biberach/Riss, Germany
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18
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Mukiza J, Braband H, Bolliger R, Nadeem Q, Habarurema G, Sezirahiga J, Uwambajineza T, Fox T, Blacque O, Alberto R. Complexes of orotic acid and derivatives with the fac-[M(CO)3]+ (M = Re and 99Tc/99mTc) core as radiopharmaceutical probes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.121037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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19
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Surdey J, Byrne D, Fox T. Developing Irelands first National Student Mental Health and Suicide Prevention Framework for Higher Education. Ir J Psychol Med 2022:1-5. [PMID: 35379368 DOI: 10.1017/ipm.2022.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This article focuses on the development of Ireland's first National Student Mental Health and Suicide Prevention Framework for Higher Education. There is growing concern for student mental health in higher education nationally and globally. The majority of students are aged between 18 and 24, which is identified as a high-risk group for mental health difficulties. Recent surveys of student mental illness, mental distress, and low well-being have been recognized by the World Health Organization, the Union of Students in Ireland National Report on Student Mental Health in Third Level Education, the My World survey and the My World 2 study. The Higher Education Authority in Ireland made a commitment to the Department of Health Connecting for Life (Ireland's National Strategy to Reduce Suicide 2015-2020) to form national guidelines for suicide prevention in higher education. In order to deliver on this commitment, The National Student Mental Health and Suicide Prevention Framework was developed. The Framework is informed by international evidence and was the product of a collaborative cross sector and cross disciplinary team including health professionals, government representatives, educators, students, policy makers, community organizations, researchers and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Surdey
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D Byrne
- Department of Business and Social Sciences, Sligo Institute of Technology, Sligo, Ireland
| | - T Fox
- SynthSCS Project Lead and Head of Student Counselling Services, Technological University Shannon Midlands, Athlone, Ireland
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20
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Alberto R, Csucker J, Jo DK, Nadeem Q, Blacque O, Fox T, Braband H. An Isoindoline Bridged [M(η6-arene)2]+ (M = Re, 99mTc) ansa-Arenophane and its Dinuclear Macrocycles with Axial Chirality. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:9591-9595. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00743f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a straightforward method for the preparation of an isoindoline bridged [M(arene)2]+ (M = Re, 99mTc) ansa-[3]arenophane. This intramolecular formation of an ansa-complex is accompanied by the intermolecular...
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21
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Gundelach L, Fox T, Tautermann CS, Skylaris CK. BRD4: quantum mechanical protein–ligand binding free energies using the full-protein DFT-based QM-PBSA method. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:25240-25249. [PMID: 36222107 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03705j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Fully quantum mechanical approaches to calculating protein–ligand free energies of binding have the potential to reduce empiricism and explicitly account for all physical interactions responsible for protein–ligand binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Gundelach
- University of Southampton, Faculty of Engineering Science and Mathematics, Chemistry, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Thomas Fox
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Medicinal Chemistry, Birkendorfer Str 65, 88397, Biberach, Germany
| | - Christofer S. Tautermann
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Medicinal Chemistry, Birkendorfer Str 65, 88397, Biberach, Germany
| | - Chris-Kriton Skylaris
- University of Southampton, Faculty of Engineering Science and Mathematics, Chemistry, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
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22
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Malone FD, Parrish RM, Welden AR, Fox T, Degroote M, Kyoseva E, Moll N, Santagati R, Streif M. Towards the Simulation of Large Scale Protein-Ligand Interactions on NISQ-era Quantum Computers. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3094-3108. [PMID: 35414867 PMCID: PMC8926290 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05691c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We explore the use of symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) as a simple and efficient means to compute interaction energies between large molecular systems with a hybrid method combining NISQ-era quantum and classical computers. From the one- and two-particle reduced density matrices of the monomer wavefunctions obtained by the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE), we compute SAPT contributions to the interaction energy [SAPT(VQE)]. At first order, this energy yields the electrostatic and exchange contributions for non-covalently bound systems. We empirically find from ideal statevector simulations that the SAPT(VQE) interaction energy components display orders of magnitude lower absolute errors than the corresponding VQE total energies. Therefore, even with coarsely optimized low-depth VQE wavefunctions, we still obtain sub kcal mol−1 accuracy in the SAPT interaction energies. In SAPT(VQE), the quantum requirements, such as qubit count and circuit depth, are lowered by performing computations on the separate molecular systems. Furthermore, active spaces allow for large systems containing thousands of orbitals to be reduced to a small enough orbital set to perform the quantum portions of the computations. We benchmark SAPT(VQE) (with the VQE component simulated by ideal statevector simulators) against a handful of small multi-reference dimer systems and the iron center containing human cancer-relevant protein lysine-specific demethylase 5 (KDM5A). NISQ-era quantum and GPU-accelerated classical computers.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thomas Fox
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG Birkendorfer Straße 65 88397 Biberach an der Riß Germany
| | | | - Elica Kyoseva
- Quantum Lab, Boehringer Ingelheim 55218 Ingelheim am Rhein Germany
| | - Nikolaj Moll
- Quantum Lab, Boehringer Ingelheim 55218 Ingelheim am Rhein Germany
| | | | - Michael Streif
- Quantum Lab, Boehringer Ingelheim 55218 Ingelheim am Rhein Germany
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23
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Hugenholtz CH, Vollrath C, Gough T, Wearmouth C, Fox T, Barchyn T, Billinghurst C. Methane emissions from above-ground natural gas distribution facilities in the urban environment: A fence line methodology and case study in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2021; 71:1319-1332. [PMID: 34128777 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2021.1942316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and emissions of methane (CH4) from above-ground urban natural gas infrastructure is poorly understood. Compared to below-ground infrastructure, these facilities are relatively easy to monitor and maintain and present an opportunity for cost-effective CH4 reductions. We present a case study and methodology for detecting, attributing, and quantifying CH4 emissions from fence line measurements at above-ground natural gas facilities in the City of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. We produced bounding-box concentration maps by walking around the outer fence of 33 facilities with a backpack-configured trace gas analyzer and a tablet with integrated GPS. Wind measurements were acquired simultaneously from a fixed location on site with a 3D sonic anemometer. We fused geolocation, CH4 concentration, and wind data to determine the likelihood each facility was emitting. We found one definitive leak by carrying out measurements directly alongside an exposed section of pipe. Based on the presence of methyl mercaptan (CH3SH) odor, peak ΔCH4, and the difference between downwind and upwind ΔCH4, we interpret a high plausibility that 22 facilities were emitting CH4, followed by 2 with a medium plausibility, and 8 with a low plausibility. Once verified to plausibly emit, these data were used to estimate emissions flux at six facilities where near-field obstructions were limited. The estimated emissions flux for six facilities was 66.31 mg CH4 s-1, or 2.1 tonnes CH4 yr-1 if this flux remained constant. Overall, this study indicates most above-ground natural gas facilities surveyed in Calgary were emitting CH4. These facilities represent easy mitigation targets for reducing CH4 emissions and improving environmental performance. To our knowledge, this is the first study to integrate qualitative and quantitative information to predict detection plausibility in a complex measurement setting.Implications: The fence line methodology outlined in this study represents an extension of source assessment modes in the US EPA's Other Test Method 33A for human portable systems. This has implications for standardization of emissions measurement in situations where other platforms (e.g., vehicles) are less effective due to access limitations. We believe the methodology presented could become a recognized standard based on performance from controlled testing and added to the regulatory toolkit for emissions verification and compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris H Hugenholtz
- Department of Geography, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Coleman Vollrath
- Department of Geography, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tyler Gough
- Department of Geography, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Clay Wearmouth
- Department of Geography, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Thomas Fox
- Department of Geography, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Thomas Barchyn
- Department of Geography, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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24
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Gotzmann C, Blacque O, Fox T, Alberto R. [Re(η
6
‐C
6
H
5
‐benzimidazole)
2
]
+
and Derivatives as Dye Mimics; Synthesis, UV Absorption Studies and DFT Calculations. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Gotzmann
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Thomas Fox
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Roger Alberto
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
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25
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Gundelach L, Fox T, Tautermann CS, Skylaris CK. Protein–ligand free energies of binding from full-protein DFT calculations: convergence and choice of exchange–correlation functional. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:9381-9393. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00206f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Quantum mechanical binding free energies based on thousands of full-protein DFT calculations are tractable, reproducible and converge well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Gundelach
- University of Southampton Faculty of Engineering Science and Mathematics, Chemistry
- University Road
- Southampton
- UK
| | - Thomas Fox
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG
- Medicinal Chemistry
- 88397 Biberach an der Riss
- Germany
| | | | - Chris-Kriton Skylaris
- University of Southampton Faculty of Engineering Science and Mathematics, Chemistry
- University Road
- Southampton
- UK
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26
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Ferris B, Gonzalez MD, Fox T, Kao CM. Multifocal Osteomyelitis in a Child Presenting With a Mediastinal Mass. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2020; 59:1199-1201. [PMID: 32666811 DOI: 10.1177/0009922820941235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark D Gonzalez
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta at Egleston, Atlanta, GA, USA
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27
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Hernández-Valdés D, Wettstein L, Fernández-Terán R, Probst B, Fox T, Spingler B, Nadeem Q, Alberto R. Dynamic dimer-monomer equilibrium in a cycloruthenated complex of [Re(η 6-C 6H 6) 2] . Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:10658-10661. [PMID: 32785303 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04180g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cycloruthenation is a well known process in organometallic ruthenium chemistry. In this work, we report unprecedented cycloruthenated rhenium bis-arene compounds with planar chirality. In a two-step process, the reaction of acetyl-pyridine with [Re(η6-C6H6)2]+ introduced a pyridinyl-methanol ligand at one of the arene rings. Coordination of [Ru(CO)2Cl2] led to cycloruthenation, and the products were obtained as two diastereomeric pairs of enantiomers. Under basic pH conditions, the two pairs of enantiomers undergo spontaneous and reversible dimerization. The cycloruthenated monomers were fully characterized, and the dimerization process was studied by NMR, IR spectroscopy, and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hernández-Valdés
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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28
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Mease PJ, Deodhar A, Calheiros R, Meng X, Fox T, Baraliakos X. THU0397 SYMPTOMS OF PERIPHERAL ARTHRITIS ARE SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVED IN PATIENTS WITH ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS TREATED WITH SECUKINUMAB. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.2217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background:Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the axial skeleton associated with pain, stiffness, and disability.1Up to 66% of patients (pts) with AS may also have peripheral involvement, including swollen and tender joints (STJs),2,3which are associated with worse overall disease activity.4A previous analysis showed that secukinumab, a selective inhibitor of interleukin 17A, led to significant improvements in efficacy outcomes vs placebo, regardless of peripheral joint involvement.3However, the effect of secukinumab on symptoms of peripheral arthritis in pts with AS was not assessed.Objectives:The objective of this analysis was to assess changes in peripheral symptoms in pts with AS treated with secukinumab vs placebo.Methods:Data from pts with active AS and peripheral symptoms who were enrolled in MEASURE 1 (NCT01358175), 2 (NCT01649375), 3 (NCT02008916), and 4 (NCT02159053) were pooled in this post hoc, hypothesis-generating analysis. No adjustments for multiple comparisons were made. Pts with peripheral symptoms were identified by the presence of STJs, based on 44-joint counts at baseline (BL). Pts received subcutaneous (SC) secukinumab every 4 weeks at doses of 300 mg with an intravenous (IV) loading dose (MEASURE 3 only), 150 mg with an IV or SC loading dose, or placebo. Treatment response through Week 16 was assessed based on the proportions of pts who achieved improvements of 20%, 50%, 70%, or 100% in the number of swollen and number of tender joints and improvements in the BASDAI score for question 3 and Patient Global Assessment (PGA). Changes in the number of swollen and number of tender joints were assessed in pts with swollen or tender joints at BL, respectively.Results:This pooled analysis included 560 pts with AS and STJs at BL (Table). At Week 16, treatment with secukinumab led to significantly greater proportions of pts achieving reductions in the number of swollen (Fig 1A) or tender (Fig 1B) joints compared with placebo; the treatment effect was more pronounced in reduction of swollen joints. Furthermore, a greater proportion of secukinumab-treated pts achieved complete resolution of swollen or tender joints vs placebo (Fig 1). Secukinumab also led to significant improvements in peripheral pain/swelling (Fig 2A) and disease activity (Fig 2B) vs placebo, as assessed using BASDAI question 3 and the PGA, respectively.Table.Patient Characteristics at BaselineSecukinumabPlacebo (n = 252)300 mg (n = 52)150 mg (n = 256)Age, mean, y43.643.744.9Time since diagnosis, mean, y5.67.27.3Male, %63.562.157.5PGA of Disease Activity, mean, mm73.471.770.1BASDAI question 3, mean6.36.66.4Swollen 44-joint count, mean1.92.62.5Tender 44-joint count, mean7.17.87.9Conclusion:In parallel with its previously reported efficacy in axial symptoms,3secukinumab led to significant improvements in symptoms of peripheral arthritis in pts with AS. Significant improvements were seen in both tender and swollen joints.References:[1]Braun J, Sieper J.Lancet. 2007;369:1379-1390.[2]de Winter JJ, et al.Arthritis Res Ther. 2016;18:196.[3]Mease P, et al.Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019;71(suppl 10):1553.[4]de Winter JJ, et al.RMD Open. 2019;5:e000802.Acknowledgments:This study was funded by Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ. The authors thank Amos Race, PhD, of ArticulateScience LLC, Hamilton, NJ, USA, for providing medical writing/editorial support, which was funded by Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA, in accordance with Good Publication Practice (GPP3) guidelines (http://www.ismpp.org/gpp3).Disclosure of Interests:Philip J Mease Grant/research support from: Abbott, Amgen, Biogen Idec, BMS, Celgene Corporation, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Sun Pharmaceutical, UCB – grant/research support, Consultant of: Abbott, Amgen, Biogen Idec, BMS, Celgene Corporation, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Sun Pharmaceutical, UCB – consultant, Speakers bureau: Abbott, Amgen, Biogen Idec, BMS, Eli Lilly, Genentech, Janssen, Pfizer, UCB – speakers bureau, Atul Deodhar Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Eli Lilly, GSK, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myer Squibb (BMS), Eli Lilly, GSK, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myer Squibb (BMS), Eli Lilly, GSK, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Renato Calheiros Shareholder of: Novartis, Employee of: Novartis, Xiangyi Meng Shareholder of: Novartis, Employee of: Novartis, Todd Fox Shareholder of: Novartis, Employee of: Novartis, Xenofon Baraliakos Grant/research support from: Grant/research support from: AbbVie, BMS, Celgene, Chugai, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB and Werfen, Consultant of: AbbVie, BMS, Celgene, Chugai, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB and Werfen, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, BMS, Celgene, Chugai, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB and Werfen
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Hernández-Valdés D, Avignon F, Müller P, Meola G, Probst B, Fox T, Spingler B, Alberto R. [Re(η 6-arene) 2] + as a highly stable ferrocene-like scaffold for ligands and complexes. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:5250-5256. [PMID: 32242190 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00731e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ferrocenes are versatile ligand scaffolds, complexes of which have found numerous applications in catalysis. Structurally similar but of higher redox stabilites are sandwich complexes of the [Re(η6-arene)2]+ type. We report herein routes for conjugating potential ligands to a single or to both arenes in this scaffold. Since the arene rings can freely rotate, the [Re(η6-arene)2]+ has a high degree of structural flexibility. Polypyridyl ligands were successfully introduced. The coordination of Co(ii) to such a model tetrapyridyl-Re(i)-bis-benzene complex produced a bimetallic Re(i)-Co(ii) complex. To show the stability of the resulting architecture, a selected complex was subjected to photocatalytic reactions. It showed good activity in proton reduction over a long time and did not decompose, corroborating its extraordinary stability even under light irradiation. Its activity compares well with the parent catalyst in turn over numbers and frequencies. The supply of electrons limits catalytic turnover frequency at concentrations below ∼10 μM. We also show that other ligands can be introduced along these strategies. The great diversity offered by [Re(η6-arene)2]+ sandwich complexes from a synthetic point allows this concept to be extended to other catalytic processes, comparable to ferrocenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hernández-Valdés
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Frédéric Avignon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. and Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Peter Müller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Giuseppe Meola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Benjamin Probst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Fox
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Bernhard Spingler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Roger Alberto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Işık M, Bergazin TD, Fox T, Rizzi A, Chodera JD, Mobley DL. Assessing the accuracy of octanol-water partition coefficient predictions in the SAMPL6 Part II log P Challenge. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2020; 34:335-370. [PMID: 32107702 PMCID: PMC7138020 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-020-00295-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The SAMPL Challenges aim to focus the biomolecular and physical modeling community on issues that limit the accuracy of predictive modeling of protein-ligand binding for rational drug design. In the SAMPL5 log D Challenge, designed to benchmark the accuracy of methods for predicting drug-like small molecule transfer free energies from aqueous to nonpolar phases, participants found it difficult to make accurate predictions due to the complexity of protonation state issues. In the SAMPL6 log P Challenge, we asked participants to make blind predictions of the octanol-water partition coefficients of neutral species of 11 compounds and assessed how well these methods performed absent the complication of protonation state effects. This challenge builds on the SAMPL6 p[Formula: see text] Challenge, which asked participants to predict p[Formula: see text] values of a superset of the compounds considered in this log P challenge. Blind prediction sets of 91 prediction methods were collected from 27 research groups, spanning a variety of quantum mechanics (QM) or molecular mechanics (MM)-based physical methods, knowledge-based empirical methods, and mixed approaches. There was a 50% increase in the number of participating groups and a 20% increase in the number of submissions compared to the SAMPL5 log D Challenge. Overall, the accuracy of octanol-water log P predictions in SAMPL6 Challenge was higher than cyclohexane-water log D predictions in SAMPL5, likely because modeling only the neutral species was necessary for log P and several categories of method benefited from the vast amounts of experimental octanol-water log P data. There were many highly accurate methods: 10 diverse methods achieved RMSE less than 0.5 log P units. These included QM-based methods, empirical methods, and mixed methods with physical modeling supported with empirical corrections. A comparison of physical modeling methods showed that QM-based methods outperformed MM-based methods. The average RMSE of the most accurate five MM-based, QM-based, empirical, and mixed approach methods based on RMSE were 0.92 ± 0.13, 0.48 ± 0.06, 0.47 ± 0.05, and 0.50 ± 0.06, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtap Işık
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | | | - Thomas Fox
- Computational Chemistry, Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach, Germany
| | - Andrea Rizzi
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Tri-Institutional Training Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - John D Chodera
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - David L Mobley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
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Scott J, Sedor G, Peacock J, Kattan M, Waller A, Grass D, Mellon E, Thapa R, Schell M, Poppen S, Andl G, Eschrich S, Dilling T, Dalton W, Harrison L, Fox T, Torres-Roca J. Quantifying Inefficiencies in Empiric Radiation Dosing: The Clinical Cost of Ignoring Biological Heterogeneity. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Beucher H, Merino E, Genoux A, Fox T, Nevado C. κ 3 -(N^C^C)Gold(III) Carboxylates: Evidence for Decarbonylation Processes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9064-9067. [PMID: 31059173 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Gold(III) carboxylate species, stabilized by a κ3 -(N^C^C) ligand template, are presented herein. A η1 -AuIII -C(O)-OH species has been characterized under cryogenic conditions as a result of the nucleophilic attack of an ammonium hydroxide onto a dinuclear μ-CO2 -κ3 -(N^C^C)AuIII precursor. Thermal decomposition for these species proceeds by an unusual decarbonylation process, in contrast to typical decarboxylation pathways observed in related metallocarboxylic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Beucher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Estíbaliz Merino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Genoux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Fox
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Nevado
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
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Braun J, Haibel H, de Hooge M, Landewé R, Rudwaleit M, Fox T, Readie A, Richards HB, Porter B, Martin R, Poddubnyy D, Sieper J, van der Heijde D. Spinal radiographic progression over 2 years in ankylosing spondylitis patients treated with secukinumab: a historical cohort comparison. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:142. [PMID: 31174584 PMCID: PMC6555995 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-019-1911-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare radiographic progression in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) treated for up to 2 years with secukinumab (MEASURE 1) with a historical cohort of biologic-naïve patients treated with NSAIDs (ENRADAS). METHODS Baseline and 2-year lateral cervical and lumbar spine radiographs were independently evaluated using mSASSS by two readers, who were blinded to the chronology and cohort of the radiographs. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with no radiographic progression (mSASSS change ≤ 0 from baseline to year 2). The Primary Analysis Set included patients with baseline (≤ day 30) and post-baseline day 31-743 radiographs. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness of the comparison between the two cohorts, as follows: Sensitivity Analysis Set 1 included all patients with baseline (≤ day 30) and year 2 (days 640-819) radiographs; Sensitivity Analysis Set 2 included all patients with baseline and post-baseline (> day 30) radiographs. RESULTS A total of 168 patients (84%) from the MEASURE 1 cohort and 69 (57%) from the ENRADAS cohort qualified for the Primary Analysis Set. Over 2 years, the LS (SE) mean change from baseline in mSASSS for the primary analysis was 0.55 (0.139) for MEASURE 1 vs 0.89 (0.216) for ENRADAS (p = 0.1852). Mean changes from baseline in mSASSS were lower in MEASURE 1 vs ENRADAS for the primary and sensitivity analyses. The proportion of patients with no radiographic progression was consistently higher in the MEASURE 1 vs ENRADAS cohort across all cutoffs for no radiographic progression (change in mSASSS from baseline to year 2 of ≤ 0, ≤ 0.5, ≤ 1, and ≤ 2), but the differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Secukinumab-treated patients demonstrated a numerical, but statistically non-significant, higher proportion of non-progressors and lower change in mSASSS over 2 years versus a cohort of biologic-naïve patients treated with NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Braun
- Rheumazentrum Herne, Herne, Germany.
| | - H Haibel
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M de Hooge
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - R Landewé
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - T Fox
- Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Readie
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, USA
| | | | - B Porter
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, USA
| | - R Martin
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, USA
| | - D Poddubnyy
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Sieper
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - D van der Heijde
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Abstract
Predictive and mechanistically driven access to polynuclear oxo clusters and related materials remains a grand challenge of inorganic chemistry. We here introduce a novel strategy for synthetic control over highly sought-after transition metal {M4O4} cubanes. They attract interest as molecular water oxidation catalysts that combine features of both heterogeneous oxide catalysts and nature's cuboidal {CaMn4O5} center of photosystem II. For the first time, we demonstrate the outstanding structure-directing effect of straightforward inorganic counteranions in solution on the self-assembly of oxo clusters. We introduce a selective counteranion toolbox for the controlled assembly of di(2-pyridyl) ketone (dpk) with M(OAc)2 (M = Co, Ni) precursors into different cubane types. Perchlorate anions provide selective access to type 2 cubanes with the characteristic {H2O-M2(OR)2-OH2} edge-site, such as [Co4(dpy-C{OH}O)4(OAc)2(H2O)2](ClO4)2. Type 1 cubanes with separated polar faces [Co4(dpy-C{OH}O)4(L2)4] n+ (L2 = OAc, Cl, or OAc and H2O) can be tuned with a wide range of other counteranions. The combination of these counteranion sets with Ni(OAc)2 as precursor selectively produces type 2 Co/Ni-mixed or {Ni4O4} cubanes. Systematic mechanistic experiments in combination with computational studies provide strong evidence for type 2 cubane formation through reaction of the key dimeric building block [M2(dpy-C{OH}O)2(H2O)4]2+ with monomers, such as [Co(dpy-C{OH}O)(OAc)(H2O)3]. Furthermore, both experiments and DFT calculations support an energetically favorable type 1 cubane formation pathway via direct head-to-head combination of two [Co2(dpy-C{OH}O)2(OAc)2(H2O)2] dimers. Finally, the visible-light-driven water oxidation activity of type 1 and 2 cubanes with tuned ligand environments was assessed. We pave the way to efficient design concepts in coordination chemistry through ionic control over cluster assembly pathways. Our comprehensive strategy demonstrates how retrosynthetic analyses can be implemented with readily available assembly directing counteranions to provide rapid access to tuned molecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Song
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Karrar Al-Ameed
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 Zurich , Switzerland.,Faculty of Science , University of Kufa , 54001 Najaf , Iraq
| | - Mauro Schilling
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Thomas Fox
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Sandra Luber
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Greta R Patzke
- Department of Chemistry , University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190 , CH-8057 Zurich , Switzerland
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Beucher
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Zürich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Estíbaliz Merino
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Zürich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Genoux
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Zürich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Thomas Fox
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Zürich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Cristina Nevado
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Zürich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
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Deodhar A, Mease PJ, McInnes IB, Baraliakos X, Reich K, Blauvelt A, Leonardi C, Porter B, Das Gupta A, Widmer A, Pricop L, Fox T. Long-term safety of secukinumab in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis: integrated pooled clinical trial and post-marketing surveillance data. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:111. [PMID: 31046809 PMCID: PMC6498580 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-019-1882-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secukinumab, a fully human immunoglobulin G1-kappa monoclonal antibody that directly inhibits interleukin (IL)-17A, has been shown to have robust efficacy in the treatment of moderate-to-severe psoriasis (PsO), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) demonstrating a rapid onset of action and sustained long-term clinical responses with a consistently favorable safety profile in multiple Phase 2 and 3 trials. Here, we report longer-term pooled safety and tolerability data for secukinumab across three indications (up to 5 years of treatment in PsO and PsA; up to 4 years in AS). METHODS The integrated clinical trial safety dataset included data pooled from 21 randomized controlled clinical trials of secukinumab 300 or 150 or 75 mg in PsO (14 Phase 3 trials and 1 Phase 4 trial), PsA (3 Phase 3 trials), and AS (3 Phase 3 trials), along with post-marketing safety surveillance data with a cut-off date of June 25, 2017. Adverse events (AEs) were reported as exposure-adjusted incident rates (EAIRs) per 100 patient-years. Analyses included all patients who received ≥ 1 dose of secukinumab. RESULTS A total of 5181, 1380, and 794 patients from PsO, PsA, and AS clinical trials representing secukinumab exposures of 10,416.9, 3866.9, and 1943.1 patient-years, respectively, and post-marketing data from patients with a cumulative exposure to secukinumab of ~ 96,054 patient-years were included in the analysis. The most frequent AE was upper respiratory tract infection. EAIRs across PsO, PsA, and AS indications were generally low for serious infections (1.4, 1.9, and 1.2, respectively), Candida infections (2.2, 1.5, and 0.7, respectively), inflammatory bowel disease (0.01, 0.05, and 0.1, respectively), and major adverse cardiac events (0.3, 0.4, and 0.6, respectively). No cases of tuberculosis reactivation were reported. The incidence of treatment-emergent anti-drug antibodies was low with secukinumab across all studies, with no discernible loss of efficacy, unexpected alterations in pharmacokinetics, or association with immunogenicity-related AEs. CONCLUSIONS Secukinumab demonstrated a favorable safety profile over long-term treatment in patients with PsO, PsA, and AS. This comprehensive assessment demonstrated that the safety profile of secukinumab was consistent with previous reports in patients with PsO, PsA, and AS, supporting its long-term use in these chronic conditions.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Arthritis, Psoriatic/diagnosis
- Arthritis, Psoriatic/drug therapy
- Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic/methods
- Clinical Trials, Phase IV as Topic/methods
- Humans
- Product Surveillance, Postmarketing/methods
- Product Surveillance, Postmarketing/trends
- Psoriasis/diagnosis
- Psoriasis/drug therapy
- Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/methods
- Severity of Illness Index
- Spondylitis, Ankylosing/diagnosis
- Spondylitis, Ankylosing/drug therapy
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Deodhar
- Division of Arthritis & Rheumatic Diseases (OP-09), Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239-3098 USA
| | - P. J. Mease
- Swedish Medical Center and University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | | | - X. Baraliakos
- Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet Herne, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - K. Reich
- Translational Research in Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Skinflammation® Center, Hamburg, Germany
- Dermatologikum Berlin, Berlinermatologikum Berlin and SCIderm Research Institute, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A. Blauvelt
- Oregon Medical Research Center, Portland, USA
| | - C. Leonardi
- Saint Louis University Health Science Center, St. Louis, USA
| | - B. Porter
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, USA
| | - A. Das Gupta
- Novartis Healthcare Private Limited, Hyderabad, India
| | - A. Widmer
- Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - L. Pricop
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, USA
| | - T. Fox
- Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
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Muthuramalingam S, Garg JA, Karthick R, Fox T, Blacque O, Venkatesan K, Ramanathan S, Kabilan S, Balasubramanian KK. Nickel catalyzed synthesis of 4,4′-bichromenes/4,4′-bithiochromenes and their Atropisomerism. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00820e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
4,4′-bichromenes and 4,4′-bithiochromenes have been synthesized by a Ni catalyzed homocoupling method and their Atropisomeric behavior has been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jai Anand Garg
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology-Madras
- Chennai-600036
- India
| | - R. Karthick
- Strides-Shasun pharmaceuticals Ltd
- Chennai-600127
- India
| | - Thomas Fox
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zürich
- Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zürich
- Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Koushik Venkatesan
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zürich
- Zürich
- Switzerland
- Department of Molecular Sciences
| | | | | | - K. K. Balasubramanian
- Department of Biotechnology
- Indian Institute of Technology-Madras. Adyar
- Chennai-600036
- India
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Armstrong A, Jarvis S, Boehncke WH, Rajagopalan M, Fernández-Peñas P, Romiti R, Bewley A, Vaid B, Huneault L, Fox T, Sodha M, Warren RB. Patient perceptions of clear/almost clear skin in moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis: results of the Clear About Psoriasis worldwide survey. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32:2200-2207. [PMID: 29730888 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic advances have made the achievement of clear/almost clear skin possible for many patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. OBJECTIVE To determine patient perceptions of the impact of psoriasis and of attaining clear/almost clear skin. METHODS Global survey of patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis. RESULTS A total of 8338 patients from 31 countries participated. The majority (57%) had not achieved self-assessed clear/almost clear skin with their current therapy, and 56% of those who had not met this goal believed it would be impossible to do so. Among the patients who had clear/almost clear skin, 73% had not initiated their current treatment until >1 year after psoriasis diagnosis, and 28% had to wait >5 years. Eighty-four percent of all respondents experienced discrimination and/or humiliation due to psoriasis, and many reported negative effects on work, intimate relationships, sleep and mental health. Patients without clear/almost clear skin reported that such achievement would open new possibilities, such as swimming (58%), a wider choice of clothing (40%), and meeting new people (26%). A limitation of this study, as with any survey-based research, is that selection and recall bias may have been present. Additionally, respondent definitions of clear/almost clear skin were subjective and may have varied. CONCLUSION Despite the importance of clear/almost clear skin to psoriasis patients, most are still not achieving it, and many are unaware it is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Armstrong
- Department of Dermatology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Jarvis
- Richford Gate Medical Practice, London, UK
| | - W-H Boehncke
- Division of Dermatology and Venerology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Rajagopalan
- Department of Dermatology, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, India
| | - P Fernández-Peñas
- Department of Dermatology, Westmead Hospital, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - R Romiti
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital das Clínicas University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Bewley
- Whipps Cross University Hospital and the Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - B Vaid
- Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - T Fox
- Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - R B Warren
- The Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Reekie I, Irish D, Ijaz S, Fox T, Bharucha T, Griffiths P, Thorburn D, Harber M, MacKinnon S, Sekhar M. Hepatitis E infection in stem cell and solid organ transplantpatients: A cross-sectional study: The importance of HEV RNA screening in peri-transplant period. J Clin Virol 2018; 107:1-5. [PMID: 30099145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) is a common cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. Typically associated with a self-limiting illness, infection may persist in immunosuppressed populations with significant morbidity and mortality. Based on clinical data published world-wide, UK blood safety guidance recommends the universal screening for HEV RNA of blood donors and donors of tissue, organs and stem cells. OBJECTIVES This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the point prevalence of HEV viraemia and clinical course of viraemic patients in the peri-transplant period in solid organ transplant (SOT) and haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients transplanted over a 3-year period (2013-2015). STUDY DESIGN Nucleic acid extracts of whole blood from patients undergoing SOT or HSCT were tested by an in-house real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay for HEV RNA. Samples were tested at baseline (time of transplant), 30, 60 and 90 days post-transplant. RESULTS 870 patients (259 HSCT, 262 liver and 349 kidney transplant) were included with 2554 samples meeting the inclusion criteria. No kidney transplant patients had HEV viraemia at time of testing. One HSCT and three liver transplant patients were found to be HEV RNA positive. Overall this represented 0.46% of the patients testing positive for HEV viraemia. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of HEV viraemia in SOT and HSCT patients in U.K. although higher than in the general population is low at baseline and remains low throughout the early post-transplant phase. Clearance of viraemia can be maintained despite ongoing immunosuppression. Prospective U.K. studies are necessary to inform screening policies in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Reekie
- Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Dianne Irish
- Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Thomas Fox
- Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Mark Harber
- Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Abstract
Macrocycles are of considerable interest as highly specific drug candidates, yet they challenge standard conformer generators with their large number of rotatable bonds and conformational restrictions. Here, we present a molecular dynamics-based routine that bypasses current limitations in conformational sampling and extensively profiles the free energy landscape of peptidic macrocycles in solution. We perform accelerated molecular dynamics simulations to capture a diverse conformational ensemble. By applying an energetic cutoff, followed by geometric clustering, we demonstrate the striking robustness and efficiency of the approach in identifying highly populated conformational states of cyclic peptides. The resulting structural and thermodynamic information is benchmarked against interproton distances from NMR experiments and conformational states identified by X-ray crystallography. Using three different model systems of varying size and flexibility, we show that the method reliably reproduces experimentally determined structural ensembles and is capable of identifying key conformational states that include the bioactive conformation. Thus, the described approach is a robust method to generate conformations of peptidic macrocycles and holds promise for structure-based drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Kamenik
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck , University of Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Uta Lessel
- Medicinal Chemistry , Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG , 88397 Biberach , Germany
| | - Julian E Fuchs
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG , 1120 Vienna , Austria
| | - Thomas Fox
- Medicinal Chemistry , Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG , 88397 Biberach , Germany
| | - Klaus R Liedl
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck , University of Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
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Looser A, Barmet C, Fox T, Blacque O, Gross S, Nussbaum J, Pruessmann KP, Alberto R. Ultrafast Ligand Self-Exchanging Gadolinium Complexes in Ionic Liquids for NMR Field Probes. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:2314-2319. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b03191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Looser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Barmet
- Institute
for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Skope Magnetic Resonance Technologies AG, Gladbachstrasse 105, CH-8044 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Fox
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Gross
- Institute
for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Nussbaum
- Institute
for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaas P. Pruessmann
- Institute
for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Alberto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Fox T, Günther H. NMR spectroscopy of organolithium compounds, part XXXIII: trans
-2,3-dimethylcyclopropyllithium aggregation in diethylether: An equilibrium between three different complexes of comparable energy and the influence of LiBr on aggregate structure. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Fox
- University of Zürich; Institute of Chemistry; Zürich Switzerland
| | - Harald Günther
- University of Siegen; Chemistry Department; Siegen Germany
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Scherrer D, Schilling M, Luber S, Fox T, Spingler B, Alberto R, Richmond CJ. Ruthenium water oxidation catalysts containing the non-planar tetradentate ligand, biisoquinoline dicarboxylic acid (biqaH 2). Dalton Trans 2018; 45:19361-19367. [PMID: 27878157 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03880h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Two ruthenium complexes containing the tetradentate ligand [1,1'-biisoquinoline]-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid, and 4-picoline or 6-bromoisoquinoline as axial ligands have been prepared. The complexes have been fully characterised and initial studies on their potential to function as molecular water oxidation catalysts have been performed. Both complexes catalyse the oxidation of water in acidic media with CeIV as a stoichiometric chemical oxidant, although turnover numbers and turnover frequencies are modest when compared with the closely related Ru-bda and Ru-pda analogues. Barriers for the water nucleophilic attack and intermolecular coupling pathways were obtained from density functional theory calculations and the crucial influence of the ligand framework in determining the most favourable reaction pathway was elucidated from a combined analysis of the theoretical and experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Scherrer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Mauro Schilling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Sandra Luber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Fox
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | | | - Roger Alberto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Craig J Richmond
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Strober BE, Langley RGB, Menter A, Magid M, Porter B, Fox T, Safi J, Papavassilis C. No elevated risk for depression, anxiety or suicidality with secukinumab in a pooled analysis of data from 10 clinical studies in moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2017; 178:e105-e107. [PMID: 28991372 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B E Strober
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, U.S.A.,Probity Medical Research, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - R G B Langley
- Division of Clinical Dermatology and Cutaneous Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - A Menter
- Division of Dermatology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, U.S.A
| | - M Magid
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Austin at Seton Family of Hospitals, Austin, TX, U.S.A
| | - B Porter
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ, U.S.A
| | - T Fox
- Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Safi
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ, U.S.A
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Gil-Sepulcre M, Böhler M, Schilling M, Bozoglian F, Bachmann C, Scherrer D, Fox T, Spingler B, Gimbert-Suriñach C, Alberto R, Bofill R, Sala X, Luber S, Richmond CJ, Llobet A. Ruthenium Water Oxidation Catalysts based on Pentapyridyl Ligands. ChemSusChem 2017; 10:4517-4525. [PMID: 29068156 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium complexes containing the pentapyridyl ligand 6,6''-(methoxy(pyridin-2-yl)methylene)di-2,2'-bipyridine (L-OMe) of general formula trans-[RuII (X)(L-OMe-κ-N5 )]n+ (X=Cl, n=1, trans-1+ ; X=H2 O, n=2, trans-22+ ) have been isolated and characterized in solution (by NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy) and in the solid state by XRD. Both complexes undergo a series of substitution reactions at oxidation state RuII and RuIII when dissolved in aqueous triflic acid-trifluoroethanol solutions as monitored by UV/Vis spectroscopy, and the corresponding rate constants were determined. In particular, aqueous solutions of the RuIII -Cl complex trans-[RuIII (Cl)(L-OMe-κ-N5 )]2+ (trans-12+ ) generates a family of Ru aquo complexes, namely trans-[RuIII (H2 O)(L-OMe-κ-N5 )]3+ (trans-23+ ), [RuIII (H2 O)2 (L-OMe-κ-N4 )]3+ (trans-33+ ), and [RuIII (Cl)(H2 O)(L-OMe-κ-N4 )]2+ (trans-42+ ). Although complex trans-42+ is a powerful water oxidation catalyst, complex trans-23+ has only a moderate activity and trans-33+ shows no activity. A parallel study with related complexes containing the methyl-substituted ligand 6,6''-(1-pyridin-2-yl)ethane-1,1-diyl)di-2,2'-bipyridine (L-Me) was carried out. The behavior of all of these catalysts has been rationalized based on substitution kinetics, oxygen evolution kinetics, electrochemical properties, and density functional theory calculations. The best catalyst, trans-42+ , reaches turnover frequencies of 0.71 s-1 using CeIV as a sacrificial oxidant, with oxidative efficiencies above 95 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Gil-Sepulcre
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, ICIQ, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Böhler
- Department of Chemistry B/C, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Schilling
- Department of Chemistry B/C, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fernando Bozoglian
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, ICIQ, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Cyril Bachmann
- Department of Chemistry B/C, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Scherrer
- Department of Chemistry B/C, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Fox
- Department of Chemistry B/C, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Spingler
- Department of Chemistry B/C, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Roger Alberto
- Department of Chemistry B/C, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Bofill
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Sala
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Luber
- Department of Chemistry B/C, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Craig J Richmond
- Department of Chemistry B/C, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Antoni Llobet
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, ICIQ, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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Song F, Moré R, Schilling M, Smolentsev G, Azzaroli N, Fox T, Luber S, Patzke GR. {Co4O4} and {CoxNi4–xO4} Cubane Water Oxidation Catalysts as Surface Cut-Outs of Cobalt Oxides. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:14198-14208. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b07361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - René Moré
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Schilling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Thomas Fox
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Luber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Greta R. Patzke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Kumar R, Krieger JP, Gómez-Bengoa E, Fox T, Linden A, Nevado C. The First Gold(III) Formate: Evidence for β-Hydride Elimination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12862-12865. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roopender Kumar
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 180 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Jean-Philippe Krieger
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 180 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Enrique Gómez-Bengoa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I; Universidad del Pais Vasco; Apdo 1072 CP-20080 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
| | - Thomas Fox
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 180 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Anthony Linden
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 180 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Cristina Nevado
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 180 8057 Zürich Switzerland
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopender Kumar
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 180 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Jean-Philippe Krieger
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 180 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Enrique Gómez-Bengoa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I; Universidad del Pais Vasco; Apdo 1072 CP-20080 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
| | - Thomas Fox
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 180 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Anthony Linden
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 180 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Cristina Nevado
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 180 8057 Zürich Switzerland
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Bissonnette R, Luger T, Thaçi D, Toth D, Messina I, You R, Guana A, Fox T, Papavassilis C, Gilloteau I, Mrowietz U. Secukinumab sustains good efficacy and favourable safety in moderate-to-severe psoriasis after up to 3 years of treatment: results from a double-blind extension study. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:1033-1042. [PMID: 28580579 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secukinumab has demonstrated significant efficacy with a good safety profile through 1 year in plaque psoriasis. Given the chronic nature of this disease, long-term follow-up is needed to evaluate psoriasis therapies fully. OBJECTIVES To determine the long-term (3-year) efficacy and safety of secukinumab in moderate-to-severe psoriasis. METHODS Patients completing 52 weeks of secukinumab treatment in the SCULPTURE core study entered an extension in which they continued the same double-blind regimens. Dosing regimens included a fixed-interval schedule (FI; every 4 weeks) and retreatment as needed (RAN), in which patients were withdrawn from secukinumab and received placebo until the start of relapse, at which time secukinumab every 4 weeks was reinitiated. The study was registered with number NCT01640951. RESULTS In total 168 patients receiving secukinumab 300 mg FI and 172 receiving secukinumab 300 mg RAN entered the extension. Secukinumab 300 mg FI sustained high efficacy: at the end of year 3, the proportion of responders achieving ≥ 90% improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 90) was 63·8%, and of PASI 100 responders it was 42·6%. The mean absolute PASI remained low (2-4) from week 52 to week 152 with 300 mg FI, with approximately two-thirds of patients reporting no impact of skin disease on their lives (Dermatology Life Quality Index of 0 or 1). Improvements in overall and subscale scores on all quality-of-life instruments were well sustained. As in the core study, FI dosing was consistently more efficacious than RAN. No new safety signals were identified to year 3. CONCLUSIONS Secukinumab 300 mg FI sustained high responses and improved quality of life with no new safety concerns through 3 years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - T Luger
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - D Thaçi
- Comprehensive Center for Inflammation Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - D Toth
- XLR8 Medical Research, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - I Messina
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ, U.S.A
| | - R You
- Novartis Beijing Novartis Pharma Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - A Guana
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ, U.S.A
| | - T Fox
- Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - U Mrowietz
- Psoriasis-Center, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Fox
- Institute for Chemistry; University of Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
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