1
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Ma X, Beard AM, Burgess SA, Darlak M, Newman JA, Nogle LM, Pietrafitta MJ, Smith DA, Wang X, Yue L. General Synthesis of Conformationally Constrained Noncanonical Amino Acids with C( sp3)-Rich Benzene Bioisosteres. J Org Chem 2024; 89:5010-5018. [PMID: 38532573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Recent years have seen novel modalities emerge for the treatment of human diseases resulting in an increase in beyond rule of 5 (bRo5) chemical matter. As a result, synthetic innovations aiming to enable rapid access to complex bRo5 molecular entities have become increasingly valuable for medicinal chemists' toolkits. Herein, we report the general synthesis of a new class of noncanonical amino acids (ncAA) with a cyclopropyl backbone to achieve conformational constraint and bearing C(sp3)-rich benzene bioisosteres. We also demonstrate preliminary studies toward utilities of these ncAA as building blocks for medicinal chemistry research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshen Ma
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Adam M Beard
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Samantha A Burgess
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Miroslawa Darlak
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Justin A Newman
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Lisa M Nogle
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Mark J Pietrafitta
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - David A Smith
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Xiao Wang
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Lei Yue
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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2
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Lathrop SP, Mlinar LB, Manjrekar ON, Zhou Y, Harper KC, Sacia ER, Higgins M, Bogdan AR, Wang Z, Richter SM, Gong W, Voight EA, Henle J, Diwan M, Kallemeyn JM, Sharland JC, Wei B, Davies HML. Continuous Process to Safely Manufacture an Aryldiazoacetate and Its Direct Use in a Dirhodium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Cyclopropanation. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P. Lathrop
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Laurie B. Mlinar
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Onkar N. Manjrekar
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Yong Zhou
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Kaid C. Harper
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Eric R. Sacia
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Molly Higgins
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Andrew R. Bogdan
- Advanced Chemistry Technologies, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Zhe Wang
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Steven M. Richter
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Wei Gong
- Drug Discovery Science & Technology, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Eric A. Voight
- Drug Discovery Science & Technology, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Jeremy Henle
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Moiz Diwan
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Jeffrey M. Kallemeyn
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Jack C. Sharland
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Huw M. L. Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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3
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Domański M, Žurauskas J, Barham JP. Tunable Microwave Flow System for Scalable Synthesis of Alkyl Imidazolium-type Ionic Liquids. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Domański
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, Regensburg 93040, Germany
| | - Jonas Žurauskas
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, Regensburg 93040, Germany
| | - Joshua P. Barham
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, Regensburg 93040, Germany
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4
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Hatridge TA, Wei B, Davies HML, Jones CW. Copper-Catalyzed, Aerobic Oxidation of Hydrazone in a Three-Phase Packed Bed Reactor. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A. Hatridge
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Huw M. L. Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Christopher W. Jones
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
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5
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Wang X, Ke J, Zhu Y, Deb A, Xu Y, Zhang XP. Asymmetric Radical Process for General Synthesis of Chiral Heteroaryl Cyclopropanes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11121-11129. [PMID: 34282613 PMCID: PMC8399893 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient catalytic method has been developed for asymmetric radical cyclopropanation of alkenes with in situ-generated α-heteroaryldiazomethanes via Co(II)-based metalloradical catalysis (MRC). Through fine-tuning the cavity-like environments of newly-synthesized D2-symmetric chiral amidoporphyrins as the supporting ligand, the optimized Co(II)-based metalloradical system is broadly applicable to α-pyridyl and other α-heteroaryldiazomethanes for asymmetric cyclopropanation of wide-ranging alkenes, including several types of challenging substrates. This new catalytic methodology provides a general access to valuable chiral heteroaryl cyclopropanes in high yields with excellent both diastereoselectivities and enantioselectivities. Combined computational and experimental studies further support the underlying stepwise radical mechanism of the Co(II)-based olefin cyclopropanation involving α- and γ-metalloalkyl radicals as the key intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Jing Ke
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Yiling Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Arghya Deb
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Yijie Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - X Peter Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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6
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Cindy Lee WC, Wang DS, Zhang C, Xie J, Li B, Zhang XP. Asymmetric Radical Cyclopropanation of Dehydroaminocarboxylates: Stereoselective Synthesis of Cyclopropyl α-Amino Acids. Chem 2021; 7:1588-1601. [PMID: 34693072 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A catalytic radical process has been developed for asymmetric cyclopropanation of dehydroaminocarboxylates with in situ-generated α-aryldiazomethanes via Co(II)-based metalloradical catalysis (MRC). Through fine-tuning the environments of D 2-symmetric chiral amidoporphyrin platform as the supporting ligands, the Co(II)-metalloradical system can effectively activate various α-aryldiazomethanes to cyclopropanate different dehydroaminocarboxylates under mild conditions, enabling the stereoselective synthesis of chiral cyclopropyl α-amino acid derivatives. In addition to high yields and excellent enantioselectivities, the Co(II)-catalyzed asymmetric radical cyclopropanation exhibits (Z)-diastereoselectivity, which is the opposite of uncatalyzed thermal reaction. Combined computational and experimental studies support a stepwise radical mechanism for the Co(II)-catalyzed cyclopropanation reaction. The resulting enantioenriched (Z)-α-amino-β-arylcyclopropanecarboxylates, as showcased for the efficient synthesis of dipeptides, may serve as unique non-proteinogenic amino acid building blocks for the design and preparation of novel peptides with restricted conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chen Cindy Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Duo-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Congzhe Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Jingjing Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - X Peter Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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7
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Hatridge TA, Liu W, Yoo C, Davies HML, Jones CW. Optimized Immobilization Strategy for Dirhodium(II) Carboxylate Catalysts for C−H Functionalization and Their Implementation in a Packed Bed Flow Reactor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A. Hatridge
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology 311 Ferst Dr Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Chemistry Emory University 1515 Dickey Drive Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | - Chun‐Jae Yoo
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology 311 Ferst Dr Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Huw M. L. Davies
- Department of Chemistry Emory University 1515 Dickey Drive Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | - Christopher W. Jones
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology 311 Ferst Dr Atlanta GA 30332 USA
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8
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Hatridge TA, Liu W, Yoo CJ, Davies HML, Jones CW. Optimized Immobilization Strategy for Dirhodium(II) Carboxylate Catalysts for C-H Functionalization and Their Implementation in a Packed Bed Flow Reactor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:19525-19531. [PMID: 32483912 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Herein we demonstrate a packed bed flow reactor capable of achieving highly regio- and stereoselective C-H functionalization reactions using a newly developed Rh2 (S-2-Cl-5-CF3 TPCP)4 catalyst. To optimize the immobilized dirhodium catalyst employed in the flow reactor, we systematically study both (i) the effects of ligand immobilization position, demonstrating the critical factor that the catalyst-support attachment location can have on the catalyst performance, and (ii) silica support mesopore length, demonstrating that decreasing diffusional limitations leads to increased accessibility of the active site and higher catalyst turnover frequency. We employ the immobilized dirhodium catalyst in a simple packed bed flow reactor achieving comparable yields and levels of enantioselectivity to the homogeneous catalyst employed in batch and maintain this performance over ten catalyst recycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A Hatridge
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Chun-Jae Yoo
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Huw M L Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Christopher W Jones
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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9
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García-Lacuna J, Domínguez G, Pérez-Castells J. Flow Chemistry for Cycloaddition Reactions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:5138-5163. [PMID: 32662578 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Continuous flow reactors form part of a rapidly growing research area that has changed the way synthetic chemistry is performed not only in academia but also at the industrial level. This Review highlights the most recent advances in cycloaddition reactions performed in flow systems. Cycloadditions are atom-efficient transformations for the synthesis of carbo- and heterocycles, involved in the construction of challenging skeletons of complex molecules. The main advantages of translating these processes into flow include using intensified conditions, safer handling of hazardous reagents and gases, easy tuning of reaction conditions, and straightforward scaling up. These benefits are especially important in cycloadditions such as the copper(I)-catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), Diels-Alder reaction, ozonolysis and [2+2] photocycloadditions. Some of these transformations are key reactions in the industrial synthesis of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge García-Lacuna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Domínguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Pérez-Castells
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Zhu D, Chen L, Fan H, Yao Q, Zhu S. Recent progress on donor and donor-donor carbenes. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:908-950. [PMID: 31958107 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00542k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Donor and donor-donor carbenes are two important kinds of carbenes, which have experienced tremendous growth in the past two decades. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent development of donor and donor-donor carbene chemistry. The development of this chemistry offers efficient protocols to construct a wide variety of C-C and C-X bonds in organic synthesis. This review is organized based on the different types of carbene precursors, including diazo compounds, hydrazones, enynones, cycloheptatrienes and cyclopropenes. The typical transformations, the reaction mechanisms, as well as their subsequent applications in the synthesis of complex natural products and bioactive molecules are discussed. Due to the rapidly increasing interest in this area, we believe that this review will provide a timely and comprehensive discussion of recent progress in donor and donor-donor carbene chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China.
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11
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Govaerts S, Nyuchev A, Noel T. Pushing the boundaries of C–H bond functionalization chemistry using flow technology. J Flow Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-020-00077-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractC–H functionalization chemistry is one of the most vibrant research areas within synthetic organic chemistry. While most researchers focus on the development of small-scale batch-type transformations, more recently such transformations have been carried out in flow reactors to explore new chemical space, to boost reactivity or to enable scalability of this important reaction class. Herein, an up-to-date overview of C–H bond functionalization reactions carried out in continuous-flow microreactors is presented. A comprehensive overview of reactions which establish the formal conversion of a C–H bond into carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom bonds is provided; this includes metal-assisted C–H bond cleavages, hydrogen atom transfer reactions and C–H bond functionalizations which involve an SE-type process to aromatic or olefinic systems. Particular focus is devoted to showcase the advantages of flow processing to enhance C–H bond functionalization chemistry. Consequently, it is our hope that this review will serve as a guide to inspire researchers to push the boundaries of C–H functionalization chemistry using flow technology.
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12
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Allouche EMD, Charette AB. Non-stabilized diazoalkane synthesis via the oxidation of free hydrazones by iodosylbenzene and application in in situ MIRC cyclopropanation. Chem Sci 2019; 10:3802-3806. [PMID: 31015921 PMCID: PMC6457201 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05558k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron-rich alkyl diazo compounds are powerful reagents in organic synthesis, but the risks associated with their toxicity and instability often limit their uses. Herein we describe an efficient, easy-to-handle and safe batch protocol for the in situ generation and cyclopropanation of these highly reactive non-stabilized diazoalkanes through the oxidation of free hydrazones using iodosylbenzene. Numerous substituted cyclopropanes have been synthesized using this methodology, including various gem-dimethylcyclopropanes of particular interest in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle M D Allouche
- Department of Chemistry , Université de Montréal , P. O. Box 6128 Station Downtown , Montreal , Quebec , H3C 3J7 Canada .
| | - André B Charette
- Department of Chemistry , Université de Montréal , P. O. Box 6128 Station Downtown , Montreal , Quebec , H3C 3J7 Canada .
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13
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Akwi FM, Watts P. Continuous flow chemistry: where are we now? Recent applications, challenges and limitations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:13894-13928. [PMID: 30483683 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07427e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A general outlook of the changing face of chemical synthesis is provided in this article through recent applications of continuous flow processing in both industry and academia. The benefits, major challenges and limitations associated with the use of this mode of processing are also given due attention as an attempt to put into perspective the current position of continuous flow processing, either as an alternative or potential combinatory technology for batch processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith M Akwi
- Nelson Mandela University, University Way, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa.
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14
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Allouche EMD, Al-Saleh A, Charette AB. Iron-catalyzed synthesis of cyclopropanes by in situ generation and decomposition of electronically diversified diazo compounds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:13256-13259. [PMID: 30411744 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07060a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The modular synthesis of a variety of trans 1,2-disubstituted cyclopropanes in a safe and user-friendly one-pot iron-catalyzed cyclopropanation reaction is described. Easily synthesized N-nosylhydrazones are used as diazo precursors, allowing the in situ generation of electron-rich diazo compounds under mild reaction conditions and their direct participation in the cyclopropanation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle M D Allouche
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Downtown, Montreal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada.
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15
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Chen Y, Leonardi M, Dingwall P, Labes R, Pasau P, Blakemore DC, Ley SV. Photochemical Homologation for the Preparation of Aliphatic Aldehydes in Flow. J Org Chem 2018; 83:15558-15568. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiding Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Marco Leonardi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
- Departmento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul Dingwall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Ricardo Labes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Patrick Pasau
- UCB Biopharma SPRL, Chemical Research R5, Chemin du Foriest, 1420 Braine-L’Alleud, Belgium
| | - David C. Blakemore
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Steven V. Ley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
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16
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Mlostoń G, Celeda M, Jasiński R, Heimgartner H. Experimental and Computational Studies on Stepwise [3+2]-Cycloadditions of Diaryldiazomethanes with Electron-Deficient Dimethyl (E
)- and (Z
)-2,3-Dicyanobutenedioates. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Mlostoń
- Department of Organic and Applied Chemistry; University of Łódź; Tamka 12 91-403 Łódź Poland
| | - Małgorzata Celeda
- Department of Organic and Applied Chemistry; University of Łódź; Tamka 12 91-403 Łódź Poland
| | - Radomir Jasiński
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology; Cracow University of Technology; Warszawska 24 31-155 Cracow Poland
| | - Heinz Heimgartner
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
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17
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Yoo C, Rackl D, Liu W, Hoyt CB, Pimentel B, Lively RP, Davies HML, Jones CW. An Immobilized‐Dirhodium Hollow‐Fiber Flow Reactor for Scalable and Sustainable C−H Functionalization in Continuous Flow. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun‐Jae Yoo
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Department Georgia Institute of Technology 311 Ferst Drive NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Daniel Rackl
- Department of Chemistry Emory University 1515 Dickey Drive Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Chemistry Emory University 1515 Dickey Drive Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | - Caroline B. Hoyt
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Department Georgia Institute of Technology 311 Ferst Drive NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Brian Pimentel
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Department Georgia Institute of Technology 311 Ferst Drive NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Ryan P. Lively
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Department Georgia Institute of Technology 311 Ferst Drive NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Huw M. L. Davies
- Department of Chemistry Emory University 1515 Dickey Drive Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | - Christopher W. Jones
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Department Georgia Institute of Technology 311 Ferst Drive NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
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18
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Yoo C, Rackl D, Liu W, Hoyt CB, Pimentel B, Lively RP, Davies HML, Jones CW. An Immobilized‐Dirhodium Hollow‐Fiber Flow Reactor for Scalable and Sustainable C−H Functionalization in Continuous Flow. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10923-10927. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun‐Jae Yoo
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Department Georgia Institute of Technology 311 Ferst Drive NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Daniel Rackl
- Department of Chemistry Emory University 1515 Dickey Drive Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Chemistry Emory University 1515 Dickey Drive Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | - Caroline B. Hoyt
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Department Georgia Institute of Technology 311 Ferst Drive NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Brian Pimentel
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Department Georgia Institute of Technology 311 Ferst Drive NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Ryan P. Lively
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Department Georgia Institute of Technology 311 Ferst Drive NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Huw M. L. Davies
- Department of Chemistry Emory University 1515 Dickey Drive Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | - Christopher W. Jones
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Department Georgia Institute of Technology 311 Ferst Drive NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
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19
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Hock KJ, Koenigs RM. The Generation of Diazo Compounds in Continuous-Flow. Chemistry 2018; 24:10571-10583. [PMID: 29575129 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Toxic, cancerogenic and explosive-these attributes are typically associated with diazo compounds. Nonetheless, diazo compounds are nowadays a highly demanded class of reagents for organic synthesis, yet the concerns with regards to safe and scalable transformations of these compounds are still exceptionally high. Lately, the research area of the continuous-flow synthesis of diazo compounds attracted significant interest and a whole variety of protocols for their "on-demand" preparation have been realized to date. This concept article focuses on the recent developments using continuous-flow technologies to access diazo compounds; thus minimizing risks and hazards when working with this particular class of compounds. In this article we discuss these concepts and highlight different pre-requisites to access and to perform downstream functionalization reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina J Hock
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rene M Koenigs
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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20
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Ramanjaneyulu BT, Vishwakarma NK, Vidyacharan S, Adiyala PR, Kim DP. Towards Versatile Continuous-Flow Chemistry and Process Technology Via New Conceptual Microreactor Systems. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bandaru T. Ramanjaneyulu
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang 37673 Korea
| | - Niraj K. Vishwakarma
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang 37673 Korea
| | - Shinde Vidyacharan
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang 37673 Korea
| | - Praveen Reddy Adiyala
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang 37673 Korea
| | - Dong-Pyo Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang 37673 Korea
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21
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Rullière P, Benoit G, Allouche EMD, Charette AB. Safe and Facile Access to Nonstabilized Diazoalkanes Using Continuous Flow Technology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:5777-5782. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Rullière
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Department of Chemistry; Université de Montreal; P.O. Box 6128 Station Downtown Montreal Quebec H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Guillaume Benoit
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Department of Chemistry; Université de Montreal; P.O. Box 6128 Station Downtown Montreal Quebec H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Emmanuelle M. D. Allouche
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Department of Chemistry; Université de Montreal; P.O. Box 6128 Station Downtown Montreal Quebec H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - André B. Charette
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Department of Chemistry; Université de Montreal; P.O. Box 6128 Station Downtown Montreal Quebec H3C 3J7 Canada
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22
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Rullière P, Benoit G, Allouche EMD, Charette AB. Safe and Facile Access to Nonstabilized Diazoalkanes Using Continuous Flow Technology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201802092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Rullière
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Department of Chemistry; Université de Montreal; P.O. Box 6128 Station Downtown Montreal Quebec H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Guillaume Benoit
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Department of Chemistry; Université de Montreal; P.O. Box 6128 Station Downtown Montreal Quebec H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Emmanuelle M. D. Allouche
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Department of Chemistry; Université de Montreal; P.O. Box 6128 Station Downtown Montreal Quebec H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - André B. Charette
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Department of Chemistry; Université de Montreal; P.O. Box 6128 Station Downtown Montreal Quebec H3C 3J7 Canada
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23
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Tomilov YV, Menchikov LG, Novikov RA, Ivanova OA, Trushkov IV. Methods for the synthesis of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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Yang H, Martin B, Schenkel B. On-Demand Generation and Consumption of Diazomethane in Multistep Continuous Flow Systems. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Yang
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Suzhou Novartis Pharma Technology Company Limited, 18 Tonglian Road, Changshu, Jiangsu 215537, China
| | - Benjamin Martin
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Fabrikstrasse, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Berthold Schenkel
- Chemical and Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Fabrikstrasse, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
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25
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Organic synthesis provides opportunities to transform drug discovery. Nat Chem 2018; 10:383-394. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-018-0021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 650] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Abstract
Organic chemistry is continually evolving to improve the syntheses of value added and bioactive compounds. Through this progression, a concomitant advancement in laboratory technology has occurred. Many researchers now choose to mediate transformations in continuous-flow systems given the many benefits over round bottom flasks. Furthermore, reaction scale up is often less problematic as this is addressed at the inception of the science. Although single-step transformations in continuous-flow systems are common, multi-step transformations are more valuable. In these systems, molecular complexity is accrued through sequential transformations to a mobile scaffold, much like an in vitro version of Nature's polyketide synthases. Utilizing this methodology, multi-step continuous-flow systems have improved the syntheses of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), natural products, and commodity chemicals. This Review details these advancements while highlighting the rapid progress, benefits, and diversification of this expanding field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Britton
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia.
| | - Colin L Raston
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia.
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27
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Lee HJ, Kim H, Yoshida JI, Kim DP. Control of tandem isomerizations: flow-assisted reactions of o-lithiated aryl benzyl ethers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:547-550. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc08460a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a flow microreactor platform for controlling tandem isomerizations of o-lithiated aryl benzyl ethers based on precise residence time control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyune-Jea Lee
- Centre for Intelligent Microprocess of Pharmaceutical Synthesis
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- POSTECH (Pohang University of Science and Technology)
- Pohang
- South Korea
| | - Heejin Kim
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto
- Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Yoshida
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto
- Japan
| | - Dong-Pyo Kim
- Centre for Intelligent Microprocess of Pharmaceutical Synthesis
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- POSTECH (Pohang University of Science and Technology)
- Pohang
- South Korea
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28
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O'Mahony RM, Lynch D, Hayes HLD, Ní Thuama E, Donnellan P, Jones RC, Glennon B, Collins SG, Maguire AR. Exploiting the Continuous in situ Generation of Mesyl Azide for Use in a Telescoped Process. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosella M. O'Mahony
- School of Chemistry; Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility; Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - Denis Lynch
- School of Chemistry; Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility; Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - Hannah L. D. Hayes
- School of Chemistry; Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility; Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - Eilís Ní Thuama
- School of Chemistry; Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility; Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - Philip Donnellan
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering; Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Roderick C. Jones
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering; Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Brian Glennon
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering; Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Stuart G. Collins
- School of Chemistry; Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility; Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - Anita R. Maguire
- School of Chemistry and School of Pharmacy; Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility; Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
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29
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Audubert C, Lebel H. Mild Esterification of Carboxylic Acids via Continuous Flow Diazotization of Amines. Org Lett 2017; 19:4407-4410. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clément Audubert
- Département de Chimie,
Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Hélène Lebel
- Département de Chimie,
Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
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30
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Rackl D, Yoo CJ, Jones CW, Davies HML. Synthesis of Donor/Acceptor-Substituted Diazo Compounds in Flow and Their Application in Enantioselective Dirhodium-Catalyzed Cyclopropanation and C–H Functionalization. Org Lett 2017; 19:3055-3058. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rackl
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Chun-Jae Yoo
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Christopher W. Jones
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Huw M. L. Davies
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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31
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Herlé B, Holstein PM, Echavarren AM. Stereoselective cis-Vinylcyclopropanation via a Gold(I)-Catalyzed Retro-Buchner Reaction under Mild Conditions. ACS Catal 2017; 7:3668-3675. [PMID: 28503355 PMCID: PMC5424441 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
![]()
A highly
stereoselective gold(I)-catalyzed cis-vinylcyclopropanation
of alkenes has been developed. Allylic gold
carbenes, generated via a retro-Buchner reaction of 7-alkenyl-1,3,5-cycloheptatrienes,
react with alkenes to form vinylcyclopropanes. The gold(I)-catalyzed
retro-Buchner reaction of these substrates proceeds by simple heating
at a temperature much lower than that required for the reaction of
7-aryl-1,3,5-cycloheptatrienes (75 °C vs 120 °C). A newly
developed Julia–Kocienski reagent enables the synthesis of
the required cycloheptatriene derivatives in one step from readily
available aldehydes or ketones. On the basis of mechanistic investigations,
a stereochemical model for the cis selectivity was
proposed. An unprecedented gold-catalyzed isomerization of cis- to trans-cyclopropanes has also been
discovered and studied by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Herlé
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Philipp M. Holstein
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antonio M. Echavarren
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament
de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·li Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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32
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Fanelli F, Parisi G, Degennaro L, Luisi R. Contribution of microreactor technology and flow chemistry to the development of green and sustainable synthesis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:520-542. [PMID: 28405232 PMCID: PMC5372749 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microreactor technology and flow chemistry could play an important role in the development of green and sustainable synthetic processes. In this review, some recent relevant examples in the field of flash chemistry, catalysis, hazardous chemistry and continuous flow processing are described. Selected examples highlight the role that flow chemistry could play in the near future for a sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Fanelli
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, FLAME-Lab – Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari. Italy
| | - Giovanna Parisi
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, FLAME-Lab – Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari. Italy
| | - Leonardo Degennaro
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, FLAME-Lab – Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari. Italy
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, FLAME-Lab – Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari. Italy
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33
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Audubert C, Gamboa Marin OJ, Lebel H. Batch and Continuous-Flow One-Pot Processes using Amine Diazotization to Produce Silylated Diazo Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201612235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hélène Lebel
- Département de chimie; Université de Montréal; Canada
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34
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Audubert C, Gamboa Marin OJ, Lebel H. Batch and Continuous-Flow One-Pot Processes using Amine Diazotization to Produce Silylated Diazo Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:6294-6297. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201612235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hélène Lebel
- Département de chimie; Université de Montréal; Canada
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35
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Poh JS, Makai S, von Keutz T, Tran DN, Battilocchio C, Pasau P, Ley SV. Rapid Asymmetric Synthesis of Disubstituted Allenes by Coupling of Flow-Generated Diazo Compounds and Propargylated Amines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:1864-1868. [PMID: 28075518 PMCID: PMC5363227 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201611067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the asymmetric coupling of flow‐generated unstabilized diazo compounds and propargylated amine derivatives, using a new pyridinebis(imidazoline) ligand, a copper catalyst and base. The reaction proceeds rapidly, generating chiral allenes in 10–20 minutes with high enantioselectivity (89–98 % de/ee), moderate yields and a wide functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Siang Poh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Szabolcs Makai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Timo von Keutz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Duc N Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Claudio Battilocchio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Patrick Pasau
- UCB Biopharma SPRL, Chemical Research R5, Chemin du Foriest, 1420, Braine-L'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Steven V Ley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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36
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Poh JS, Makai S, von Keutz T, Tran DN, Battilocchio C, Pasau P, Ley SV. Rapid Asymmetric Synthesis of Disubstituted Allenes by Coupling of Flow-Generated Diazo Compounds and Propargylated Amines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201611067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Siang Poh
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Szabolcs Makai
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Timo von Keutz
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Duc N. Tran
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Claudio Battilocchio
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Patrick Pasau
- UCB Biopharma SPRL; Chemical Research R5; Chemin du Foriest 1420 Braine-L'Alleud Belgium
| | - Steven V. Ley
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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37
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Vasudevan A, Bogdan A, Koolman H, Wang Y, Djuric S. Enabling Chemistry Technologies and Parallel Synthesis—Accelerators of Drug Discovery Programmes. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2017; 56:1-35. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmch.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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38
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Carminati DM, Intrieri D, Le Gac S, Roisnel T, Boitrel B, Toma L, Legnani L, Gallo E. Synthesis, characterisation and catalytic use of iron porphyrin amino ester conjugates. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj01189j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study described the synthesis and characterisation of C2-symmetrical chiral Fe(iii)(porphyrin)(OMe) complexes, whose activity as cyclopropanation catalysts was investigated from both experimental and theoretical viewpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stéphane Le Gac
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- Université de Rennes 1
- 35042 Rennes Cedex
- France
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- Université de Rennes 1
- 35042 Rennes Cedex
- France
| | - Bernard Boitrel
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- Université de Rennes 1
- 35042 Rennes Cedex
- France
| | - Lucio Toma
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pavia
- 27100 Pavia
- Italy
| | - Laura Legnani
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pavia
- 27100 Pavia
- Italy
| | - Emma Gallo
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Milan
- 20133 Milan
- Italy
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39
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Lévesque É, Laporte ST, Charette AB. Continuous Flow Synthesis and Purification of Aryldiazomethanes through Hydrazone Fragmentation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201608444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Éric Lévesque
- Department of Chemistry Université de Montréal P.O. Box 6128 Stn Downtown Montreal Quebec H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Simon T. Laporte
- Department of Chemistry Université de Montréal P.O. Box 6128 Stn Downtown Montreal Quebec H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - André B. Charette
- Department of Chemistry Université de Montréal P.O. Box 6128 Stn Downtown Montreal Quebec H3C 3J7 Canada
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40
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Lévesque É, Laporte ST, Charette AB. Continuous Flow Synthesis and Purification of Aryldiazomethanes through Hydrazone Fragmentation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:837-841. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201608444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Éric Lévesque
- Department of Chemistry Université de Montréal P.O. Box 6128 Stn Downtown Montreal Quebec H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Simon T. Laporte
- Department of Chemistry Université de Montréal P.O. Box 6128 Stn Downtown Montreal Quebec H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - André B. Charette
- Department of Chemistry Université de Montréal P.O. Box 6128 Stn Downtown Montreal Quebec H3C 3J7 Canada
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41
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Llanes P, Rodríguez-Escrich C, Sayalero S, Pericàs MA. Organocatalytic Enantioselective Continuous-Flow Cyclopropanation. Org Lett 2016; 18:6292-6295. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Llanes
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carles Rodríguez-Escrich
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sonia Sayalero
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Miquel A. Pericàs
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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42
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Designing ‘Totem’C2-Symmetrical Iron Porphyrin Catalysts for Stereoselective Cyclopropanations. Chemistry 2016; 22:13599-612. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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43
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Jia M, Ma S. New Approaches to the Synthesis of Metal Carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:9134-66. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Minqiang Jia
- Department of ChemistryFudan University 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P.R. China
| | - Shengming Ma
- Department of ChemistryFudan University 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
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Movsisyan M, Delbeke EIP, Berton JKET, Battilocchio C, Ley SV, Stevens CV. Taming hazardous chemistry by continuous flow technology. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:4892-928. [PMID: 27453961 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00902b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, flow technologies have become increasingly popular in the field of organic chemistry, offering solutions for engineering and/or chemical problems. Flow reactors enhance the mass and heat transfer, resulting in rapid reaction mixing, and enable a precise control over the reaction parameters, increasing the overall process selectivity, efficiency and safety. These features allow chemists to tackle unexploited challenges in their work, with the ultimate objective making chemistry more accessible for laboratory and industrial applications, avoiding the need to store and handle toxic, reactive and explosive reagents. This review covers some of the latest and most relevant developments in the field of continuous flow chemistry with the focus on hazardous reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Movsisyan
- SynBioC, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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45
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Müller STR, Hokamp T, Ehrmann S, Hellier P, Wirth T. Ethyl Lithiodiazoacetate: Extremely Unstable Intermediate Handled Efficiently in Flow. Chemistry 2016; 22:11940-2. [PMID: 27339757 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Ethyl diazoacetate (EDA) is one of the most prominent diazo reagents. It is frequently used in metal-carbene-type reactions. However, EDA can also be used as a nucleophile under base catalysis. Whilst the addition of EDA to aldehydes can be performed using organic bases, the addition of EDA to other carbonyl electrophiles requires the use of organometallics such as lithium diisopropylamide (LDA). The generated ethyl lithiodiazoacetate is highly reactive and decomposes rapidly, even at low temperatures. Herein, we report a continuous flow protocol that overcomes the problems associated with the instantaneous decomposition of ethyl lithiodiazoacetate. The addition of ethyl lithiodiazoacetate to ketones provides direct access to tertiary diazoalcohols in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon T R Müller
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Main Building, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Tobias Hokamp
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Main Building, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Svenja Ehrmann
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Main Building, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Paul Hellier
- Pierre Fabre Médicament, Parc Industriel de la Chartreuse, 81106, Castres CEDEX, France
| | - Thomas Wirth
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Main Building, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
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46
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Poh JS, Lau SH, Dykes IG, Tran DN, Battilocchio C, Ley SV. A multicomponent approach for the preparation of homoallylic alcohols. Chem Sci 2016; 7:6803-6807. [PMID: 28042466 PMCID: PMC5134730 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc02581a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of transient boronic acid species followed by their subsequent trapping with aldehydes as electrophiles to yield homoallylic alcohols, in a multicomponent and metal-free fashion.
Here we report the in situ generation of transient allylic boronic species, by reacting TMSCHN2 and E-vinyl boronic acids, followed by their subsequent trapping with aldehydes as electrophiles to yield homoallylic alcohols. This metal-free reaction was initially discovered by the use of a flow chemistry approach to generate a variety of homoallylic alcohols in a straightforward fashion and then transferred to a batch protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Siang Poh
- Innovative Technology Centre , Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , UK . ; http://www.leygroup.ch.cam.ac.uk
| | - Shing-Hing Lau
- Innovative Technology Centre , Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , UK . ; http://www.leygroup.ch.cam.ac.uk
| | - Iain G Dykes
- Innovative Technology Centre , Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , UK . ; http://www.leygroup.ch.cam.ac.uk
| | - Duc N Tran
- Innovative Technology Centre , Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , UK . ; http://www.leygroup.ch.cam.ac.uk
| | - Claudio Battilocchio
- Innovative Technology Centre , Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , UK . ; http://www.leygroup.ch.cam.ac.uk
| | - Steven V Ley
- Innovative Technology Centre , Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , UK . ; http://www.leygroup.ch.cam.ac.uk
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Dallinger D, Pinho VD, Gutmann B, Kappe CO. Laboratory-Scale Membrane Reactor for the Generation of Anhydrous Diazomethane. J Org Chem 2016; 81:5814-23. [PMID: 27359257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A configurationally simple and robust semibatch apparatus for the in situ on-demand generation of anhydrous solutions of diazomethane (CH2N2) avoiding distillation methods is presented. Diazomethane is produced by base-mediated decomposition of commercially available Diazald within a semipermeable Teflon AF-2400 tubing and subsequently selectively separated from the tubing into a solvent- and substrate-filled flask (tube-in-flask reactor). Reactions with CH2N2 can therefore be performed directly in the flask without dangerous and labor-intensive purification operations or exposure of the operator to CH2N2. The reactor has been employed for the methylation of carboxylic acids, the synthesis of α-chloro ketones and pyrazoles, and palladium-catalyzed cyclopropanation reactions on laboratory scale. The implementation of in-line FTIR technology allowed monitoring of the CH2N2 generation and its consumption. In addition, larger scales (1.8 g diazomethane per hour) could be obtained via parallelization (numbering up) by simply wrapping several membrane tubings into the flask.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Dallinger
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz , Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Vagner D Pinho
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz , Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Bernhard Gutmann
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - C Oliver Kappe
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz , Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Affiliation(s)
- Minqiang Jia
- Department of ChemistryFudan University 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P.R. China
| | - Shengming Ma
- Department of ChemistryFudan University 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
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Fitzpatrick D, Battilocchio C, Ley SV. Enabling Technologies for the Future of Chemical Synthesis. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2016; 2:131-8. [PMID: 27163040 PMCID: PMC4827522 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.6b00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Technology is evolving at breakneck pace, changing the way we communicate, travel, find out information, and live our lives. Yet chemistry as a science has been slower to adapt to this rapidly shifting world. In this Outlook we use highlights from recent literature reports to describe how progresses in enabling technologies are altering this trend, permitting chemists to incorporate new advances into their work at all levels of the chemistry development cycle. We discuss the benefits and challenges that have arisen, impacts on academic-industry relationships, and future trends in the area of chemical synthesis.
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Pieber B, Kappe CO. Generation and Synthetic Application of Trifluoromethyl Diazomethane Utilizing Continuous Flow Technologies. Org Lett 2016; 18:1076-9. [PMID: 26902154 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A continuous process for the synthesis and inline separation of anhydrous trifluoromethyl diazomethane in a single continuous flow process is presented. The diazo building block is generated from the corresponding amine and NaNO2 under acidic, aqueous conditions and subsequently diffuses through a gas-permeable membrane into an organic stream. To avoid storage and transportation of the hazardous compound, a representative downstream process in a packed-bed reactor yielding highly functionalized building blocks was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartholomäus Pieber
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz , NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - C Oliver Kappe
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz , NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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