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Madani A, Pieber B. In situ Reaction Monitoring in Photocatalytic Organic Synthesis. ChemCatChem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202201583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amiera Madani
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces: Max-Planck-Institut fur Kolloid und Grenzflachenforschung Biomolecular Systems GERMANY
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces: Max-Planck-Institut fur Kolloid und Grenzflachenforschung Biomolecular Systems Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam GERMANY
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2
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Traxler M, Reischauer S, Vogl S, Roeser J, Rabeah J, Penschke C, Saalfrank P, Pieber B, Thomas A. Programmable Photocatalytic Activity of Multicomponent Covalent Organic Frameworks Used as Metallaphotocatalysts. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202967. [PMID: 36223495 PMCID: PMC10108091 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The multicomponent approach allows to incorporate several functionalities into a single covalent organic framework (COF) and consequently allows the construction of bifunctional materials for cooperative catalysis. The well-defined structure of such multicomponent COFs is furthermore ideally suited for structure-activity relationship studies. We report a series of multicomponent COFs that contain acridine- and 2,2'-bipyridine linkers connected through 1,3,5-benzenetrialdehyde derivatives. The acridine motif is responsible for broad light absorption, while the bipyridine unit enables complexation of nickel catalysts. These features enable the usage of the framework materials as catalysts for light-mediated carbon-heteroatom cross-couplings. Variation of the node units shows that the catalytic activity correlates to the keto-enamine tautomer isomerism. This allows switching between high charge-carrier mobility and persistent, localized charge-separated species depending on the nodes, a tool to tailor the materials for specific reactions. Moreover, nickel-loaded COFs are recyclable and catalyze cross-couplings even using red light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Traxler
- Department of Chemistry/Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Reischauer
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Vogl
- Department of Chemistry/Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jérôme Roeser
- Department of Chemistry/Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jabor Rabeah
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis (LIKAT Rostock), Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christopher Penschke
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Straße 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter Saalfrank
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Straße 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Arne Thomas
- Department of Chemistry/Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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3
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Lepre E, Rat S, Cavedon C, Seeberger PH, Pieber B, Antonietti M, López-Salas N. Catalytic Properties of High Nitrogen Content Carbonaceous Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202211663. [PMID: 36303469 PMCID: PMC10107103 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The influence of structural modifications on the catalytic activity of carbon materials is poorly understood. A collection of carbonaceous materials with different pore networks and high nitrogen content was characterized and used to catalyze four reactions to deduce structure-activity relationships. The CO2 cycloaddition and Knoevenagel reaction depend on Lewis basic sites (electron-rich nitrogen species). The absence of large conjugated carbon domains resulting from the introduction of large amounts of nitrogen in the carbon network is responsible for poor redox activity, as observed through the catalytic reduction of nitrobenzene with hydrazine and the catalytic oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine using hydroperoxide. The material with the highest activity towards Lewis acid catalysis (in the hydrolysis of (dimethoxymethyl)benzene to benzaldehyde) is the most effective for small molecule activation and presents the highest concentration of electron-poor nitrogen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Lepre
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam Science Park, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sylvain Rat
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam Science Park, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Cristian Cavedon
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam Science Park, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam Science Park, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam Science Park, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam Science Park, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nieves López-Salas
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam Science Park, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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4
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Murakami S, Brudy C, Bachmann M, Takemoto Y, Pieber B. Photocatalytic cleavage of trityl protected thiols and alcohols. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1979-5933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We report the visible-light photocatalytic cleavage of trityl (thio)ethers under pH-neutral conditions. The method results in the formation of the respective symmetrical disulfides and alcohols in moderate to excellent yield. The protocol only requires the addition of a suitable photocatalyst and light rendering it orthogonal to several functionalities, including acid labile protective groups. The same conditions can be used to directly convert trityl protected thiols into unsymmetrical disulfides or selenylsulfides, and to cleave trityl resins in solid phase organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Murakami
- Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Cosima Brudy
- Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Moritz Bachmann
- Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Yoshiji Takemoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
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5
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Cavedon C, Gisbertz S, Reischauer S, Vogl S, Sperlich E, Burke JH, Wallick RF, Schrottke S, Hsu W, Anghileri L, Pfeifer Y, Richter N, Teutloff C, Müller‐Werkmeister H, Cambié D, Seeberger PH, Vura‐Weis J, van der Veen RM, Thomas A, Pieber B. Intraligand Charge Transfer Enables Visible-Light-Mediated Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211433. [PMID: 36161982 PMCID: PMC9828175 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that several visible-light-mediated carbon-heteroatom cross-coupling reactions can be carried out using a photoactive NiII precatalyst that forms in situ from a nickel salt and a bipyridine ligand decorated with two carbazole groups (Ni(Czbpy)Cl2 ). The activation of this precatalyst towards cross-coupling reactions follows a hitherto undisclosed mechanism that is different from previously reported light-responsive nickel complexes that undergo metal-to-ligand charge transfer. Theoretical and spectroscopic investigations revealed that irradiation of Ni(Czbpy)Cl2 with visible light causes an initial intraligand charge transfer event that triggers productive catalysis. Ligand polymerization affords a porous, recyclable organic polymer for heterogeneous nickel catalysis of cross-coupling reactions. The heterogeneous catalyst shows stable performance in a packed-bed flow reactor during a week of continuous operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Cavedon
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax-Planck-Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany,Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinArnimallee 2214195BerlinGermany
| | - Sebastian Gisbertz
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax-Planck-Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany,Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinArnimallee 2214195BerlinGermany
| | - Susanne Reischauer
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax-Planck-Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany,Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinArnimallee 2214195BerlinGermany
| | - Sarah Vogl
- Department of ChemistryFunctional MaterialsTechnische Universität BerlinHardenbergstraße 4010623BerlinGermany
| | - Eric Sperlich
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of PotsdamKarl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24–2514476PotsdamGermany
| | - John H. Burke
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIllinois61801USA
| | - Rachel F. Wallick
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIllinois61801USA
| | - Stefanie Schrottke
- Department of PhysicsFreie Universität BerlinArnimallee 2214195BerlinGermany
| | - Wei‐Hsin Hsu
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax-Planck-Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Lucia Anghileri
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax-Planck-Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany,Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinArnimallee 2214195BerlinGermany
| | - Yannik Pfeifer
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of PotsdamKarl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24–2514476PotsdamGermany
| | - Noah Richter
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax-Planck-Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Christian Teutloff
- Department of PhysicsFreie Universität BerlinArnimallee 2214195BerlinGermany
| | | | - Dario Cambié
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax-Planck-Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax-Planck-Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany,Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinArnimallee 2214195BerlinGermany
| | - Josh Vura‐Weis
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIllinois61801USA
| | - Renske M. van der Veen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIllinois61801USA,Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbHHahn-Meitner-Platz 114109BerlinGermany
| | - Arne Thomas
- Department of ChemistryFunctional MaterialsTechnische Universität BerlinHardenbergstraße 4010623BerlinGermany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax-Planck-Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
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6
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Cavedon C, Gisbertz S, Reischauer S, Vogl S, Sperlich E, Burke JH, Wallick RF, Schrottke S, Hsu W, Anghileri L, Pfeifer Y, Richter N, Teutloff C, Müller‐Werkmeister H, Cambié D, Seeberger PH, Vura‐Weis J, van der Veen RM, Thomas A, Pieber B. Inside Back Cover: Intraligand Charge Transfer Enables Visible‐Light‐Mediated Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 46/2022). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Cavedon
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Sebastian Gisbertz
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Susanne Reischauer
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Sarah Vogl
- Department of Chemistry Functional Materials Technische Universität Berlin Hardenbergstraße 40 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Eric Sperlich
- Institute of Chemistry University of Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24–25 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - John H. Burke
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
| | - Rachel F. Wallick
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
| | - Stefanie Schrottke
- Department of Physics Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Wei‐Hsin Hsu
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Lucia Anghileri
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Yannik Pfeifer
- Institute of Chemistry University of Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24–25 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Noah Richter
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Christian Teutloff
- Department of Physics Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | | | - Dario Cambié
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Josh Vura‐Weis
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
| | - Renske M. van der Veen
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 14109 Berlin Germany
| | - Arne Thomas
- Department of Chemistry Functional Materials Technische Universität Berlin Hardenbergstraße 40 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
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7
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Zhao Z, Pieber B, Delbianco M. Modulating the Surface and Photophysical Properties of Carbon Dots to Access Colloidal Photocatalysts for Cross-Couplings. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhouxiang Zhao
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Martina Delbianco
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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8
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Lepre E, Rat S, Cavedon C, Seeberger PH, Pieber B, Antonietti M, López-Salas N. Catalytic Properties of High Nitrogen Content Carbonaceous Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202211663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Lepre
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces: Max-Planck-Institut fur Kolloid und Grenzflachenforschung Colloid Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Sylvain Rat
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces: Max-Planck-Institut fur Kolloid und Grenzflachenforschung Colloid Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Cristian Cavedon
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces: Max-Planck-Institut fur Kolloid und Grenzflachenforschung Biomolecular Systems GERMANY
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces: Max-Planck-Institut fur Kolloid und Grenzflachenforschung Biomolecular Systems GERMANY
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces: Max-Planck-Institut fur Kolloid und Grenzflachenforschung Biomolecular Systems GERMANY
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces: Max-Planck-Institut fur Kolloid und Grenzflachenforschung Colloid Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Nieves López-Salas
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces: Max-Planck-Institut fur Kolloid und Grenzflachenforschung Colloids Chemistry Am Muhlenger 1 14476 Potsdam GERMANY
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9
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Cavedon C, Gisbertz S, Reischauer S, Vogl S, Sperlich E, Burke JH, Wallick RF, Schrottke S, Hsu W, Anghileri L, Pfeifer Y, Richter N, Teutloff C, Müller‐Werkmeister H, Cambié D, Seeberger PH, Vura‐Weis J, van der Veen RM, Thomas A, Pieber B. Intraligand Charge Transfer Enables Visible‐Light‐Mediated Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202215123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Cavedon
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Sebastian Gisbertz
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Susanne Reischauer
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Sarah Vogl
- Department of Chemistry Functional Materials Technische Universität Berlin Hardenbergstraße 40 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Eric Sperlich
- Institute of Chemistry University of Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24–25 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - John H. Burke
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
| | - Rachel F. Wallick
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
| | - Stefanie Schrottke
- Department of Physics Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Wei‐Hsin Hsu
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Lucia Anghileri
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Yannik Pfeifer
- Institute of Chemistry University of Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24–25 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Noah Richter
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Christian Teutloff
- Department of Physics Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | | | - Dario Cambié
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Josh Vura‐Weis
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
| | - Renske M. van der Veen
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 14109 Berlin Germany
| | - Arne Thomas
- Department of Chemistry Functional Materials Technische Universität Berlin Hardenbergstraße 40 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
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10
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Cavedon C, Gisbertz S, Reischauer S, Vogl S, Sperlich E, Burke JH, Wallick RF, Schrottke S, Hsu WH, Anghileri L, Pfeifer Y, Richter N, Teutloff C, Müller-Werkmeister H, Cambié D, Seeberger PH, Vura-Weis J, van der Veen RM, Thomas A, Pieber B. Intraligand Charge Transfer Enables Visible‐Light‐Mediated Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202211433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Cavedon
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Kolloid und Grenzflachenforschung Biomolecular Systems GERMANY
| | - Sebastian Gisbertz
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Kolloid und Grenzflachenforschung Biomoleculare Systeme GERMANY
| | - Susanne Reischauer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung: Max-Planck-Institut fur Kolloid und Grenzflachenforschung Biomolekulare Systeme GERMANY
| | - Sarah Vogl
- TU Berlin: Technische Universitat Berlin Department of Chemistry, Functional Materials GERMANY
| | - Eric Sperlich
- University of Potsdam: Universitat Potsdam Institute of Chemistry GERMANY
| | - John H. Burke
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Department of Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Rachel F. Wallick
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Department of Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | | | - Wei-Hsin Hsu
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Kolloid und Grenzflachenforschung Department of Biomolecular Systems GERMANY
| | - Lucia Anghileri
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Kolloid und Grenzflachenforschung Department of Biomolecular Systems GERMANY
| | - Yannik Pfeifer
- University of Potsdam: Universitat Potsdam Institute of Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Noah Richter
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Kolloid und Grenzflachenforschung Department of Biomolecular Systems GERMANY
| | - Christian Teutloff
- Freie Universität Berlin: Freie Universitat Berlin Department of Physics GERMANY
| | | | - Dario Cambié
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Kolloid und Grenzflachenforschung Department of Biomolecular Systems GERMANY
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Kolloid und Grenzflachenforschung Department of Biomolecular Systems GERMANY
| | - Josh Vura-Weis
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Department of Chemistry GERMANY
| | | | - Arne Thomas
- TU Berlin: Technische Universitat Berlin Department of Chemistry, Functional Materials GERMANY
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces: Max-Planck-Institut fur Kolloid und Grenzflachenforschung Biomolecular Systems Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam GERMANY
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11
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Hsu WH, Reischauer S, Seeberger PH, Pieber B, Cambié D. Heterogeneous metallaphotoredox catalysis in a continuous-flow packed-bed reactor. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:1123-1130. [PMID: 36105732 PMCID: PMC9443413 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallaphotoredox catalysis is a powerful and versatile synthetic platform that enables cross-couplings under mild conditions without the need for noble metals. Its growing adoption in drug discovery has translated into an increased interest in sustainable and scalable reaction conditions. Here, we report a continuous-flow approach to metallaphotoredox catalysis using a heterogeneous catalyst that combines the function of a photo- and a nickel catalyst in a single material. The catalyst is embedded in a packed-bed reactor to combine reaction and (catalyst) separation in one step. The use of a packed bed simplifies the translation of optimized batch reaction conditions to continuous flow, as the only components present in the reaction mixture are the substrate and a base. The metallaphotoredox cross-coupling of sulfinates with aryl halides was used as a model system. The catalyst was shown to be stable, with a very low decrease of the yield (≈1% per day) during a continuous experiment over seven days, and to be effective for C–O arylations when carboxylic acids are used as nucleophile instead of sulfinates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsin Hsu
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Biomolecular Systems Department, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Reischauer
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Biomolecular Systems Department, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Biomolecular Systems Department, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Biomolecular Systems Department, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Dario Cambié
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Biomolecular Systems Department, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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12
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Madani A, Anghileri L, Heydenreich M, Möller HM, Pieber B. Benzylic Fluorination Induced by a Charge-Transfer Complex with a Solvent-Dependent Selectivity Switch. Org Lett 2022; 24:5376-5380. [PMID: 35848228 PMCID: PMC9344467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
![]()
We present a divergent strategy for the fluorination
of phenylacetic
acid derivatives that is induced by a charge-transfer complex between
Selectfluor and 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine. A comprehensive investigation
of the conditions revealed a critical role of the solvent on the reaction
outcome. In the presence of water, decarboxylative fluorination through
a single-electron oxidation is dominant. Non-aqueous conditions result
in the clean formation of α-fluoro-α-arylcarboxylic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amiera Madani
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lucia Anghileri
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Heydenreich
- Institute of Chemistry/Analytical Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Heiko M Möller
- Institute of Chemistry/Analytical Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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13
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Traxler M, Gisbertz S, Pachfule P, Schmidt J, Roeser J, Reischauer S, Rabeah J, Pieber B, Thomas A. Acridine-Functionalized Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) as Photocatalysts for Metallaphotocatalytic C-N Cross-Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117738. [PMID: 35188714 PMCID: PMC9400916 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are structurally tuneable, porous and crystalline polymers constructed through the covalent attachment of small organic building blocks as elementary units. Using the myriad of such building blocks, a broad spectrum of functionalities has been applied for COF syntheses for broad applications, including heterogeneous catalysis. Herein, we report the synthesis of a new family of porous and crystalline COFs using a novel acridine linker and benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarbaldehyde derivatives bearing a variable number of hydroxy groups. With the broad absorption in the visible light region, the COFs were applied as photocatalysts in metallaphotocatalytic C−N cross‐coupling. The fully β‐ketoenamine linked COF showed the highest activity, due to the increased charge separation upon irradiation. The COF showed good to excellent yields for several aryl bromides, good recyclability and even catalyzed the organic transformation in presence of green light as energy source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Traxler
- Department of Chemistry/Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Gisbertz
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pradip Pachfule
- Department of Chemistry/Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemical, Biological & Macro-Molecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, 700106, India
| | - Johannes Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry/Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jérôme Roeser
- Department of Chemistry/Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Reischauer
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jabor Rabeah
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis (LIKAT Rostock), Universität Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Arne Thomas
- Department of Chemistry/Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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14
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Traxler M, Gisbertz S, Pachfule P, Schmidt J, Roeser J, Reischauer S, Rabeah J, Pieber B, Thomas A. Acridine‐Functionalized Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) as Photocatalysts for Metallaphotocatalytic C−N Cross‐Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Traxler
- Department of Chemistry/Functional Materials Technische Universität Berlin Hardenbergstraße 40 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Sebastian Gisbertz
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Pradip Pachfule
- Department of Chemistry/Functional Materials Technische Universität Berlin Hardenbergstraße 40 10623 Berlin Germany
- Department of Chemical, Biological & Macro-Molecular Sciences S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences Kolkata 700106 India
| | - Johannes Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry/Functional Materials Technische Universität Berlin Hardenbergstraße 40 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Jérôme Roeser
- Department of Chemistry/Functional Materials Technische Universität Berlin Hardenbergstraße 40 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Susanne Reischauer
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Jabor Rabeah
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis (LIKAT Rostock) Universität Rostock 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Arne Thomas
- Department of Chemistry/Functional Materials Technische Universität Berlin Hardenbergstraße 40 10623 Berlin Germany
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Reischauer
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
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16
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Schmermund L, Reischauer S, Bierbaumer S, Winkler CK, Diaz‐Rodriguez A, Edwards LJ, Kara S, Mielke T, Cartwright J, Grogan G, Pieber B, Kroutil W. Chromoselective Photocatalysis Enables Stereocomplementary Biocatalytic Pathways*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6965-6969. [PMID: 33529432 PMCID: PMC8048449 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the selectivity of a chemical reaction with external stimuli is common in thermal processes, but rare in visible-light photocatalysis. Here we show that the redox potential of a carbon nitride photocatalyst (CN-OA-m) can be tuned by changing the irradiation wavelength to generate electron holes with different oxidation potentials. This tuning was the key to realizing photo-chemo-enzymatic cascades that give either the (S)- or the (R)-enantiomer of phenylethanol. In combination with an unspecific peroxygenase from Agrocybe aegerita, green light irradiation of CN-OA-m led to the enantioselective hydroxylation of ethylbenzene to (R)-1-phenylethanol (99 % ee). In contrast, blue light irradiation triggered the photocatalytic oxidation of ethylbenzene to acetophenone, which in turn was enantioselectively reduced with an alcohol dehydrogenase from Rhodococcus ruber to form (S)-1-phenylethanol (93 % ee).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Schmermund
- Institute of ChemistryDepartment of Organic and Bioorganic ChemistryUniversity of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed GrazHeinrichstrasse 288010GrazAustria
| | - Susanne Reischauer
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Sarah Bierbaumer
- Institute of ChemistryDepartment of Organic and Bioorganic ChemistryUniversity of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed GrazHeinrichstrasse 288010GrazAustria
| | - Christoph K. Winkler
- Institute of ChemistryDepartment of Organic and Bioorganic ChemistryUniversity of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed GrazHeinrichstrasse 288010GrazAustria
| | - Alba Diaz‐Rodriguez
- Chemical Development, Medicinal Science and Technology, Pharma R&DGlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research CentreGunnels Wood RoadStevenageSG1 2NYUK
| | - Lee J. Edwards
- Chemical Development, Medicinal Science and Technology, Pharma R&DGlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research CentreGunnels Wood RoadStevenageSG1 2NYUK
| | - Selin Kara
- Department of Engineering, Biological and Chemical EngineeringBiocatalysis and Bioprocessing GroupAarhus UniversityGustav Wieds Vej 108000AarhusDenmark
| | - Tamara Mielke
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | - Jared Cartwright
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | - Gideon Grogan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute of ChemistryDepartment of Organic and Bioorganic ChemistryUniversity of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed GrazHeinrichstrasse 288010GrazAustria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth-University of Graz8010GrazAustria
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17
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Schmermund L, Reischauer S, Bierbaumer S, Winkler CK, Diaz‐Rodriguez A, Edwards LJ, Kara S, Mielke T, Cartwright J, Grogan G, Pieber B, Kroutil W. Chromoselective Photocatalysis Enables Stereocomplementary Biocatalytic Pathways. Angew Chem Weinheim Bergstr Ger 2021; 133:7041-7045. [PMID: 38504955 PMCID: PMC10946972 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the selectivity of a chemical reaction with external stimuli is common in thermal processes, but rare in visible-light photocatalysis. Here we show that the redox potential of a carbon nitride photocatalyst (CN-OA-m) can be tuned by changing the irradiation wavelength to generate electron holes with different oxidation potentials. This tuning was the key to realizing photo-chemo-enzymatic cascades that give either the (S)- or the (R)-enantiomer of phenylethanol. In combination with an unspecific peroxygenase from Agrocybe aegerita, green light irradiation of CN-OA-m led to the enantioselective hydroxylation of ethylbenzene to (R)-1-phenylethanol (99 % ee). In contrast, blue light irradiation triggered the photocatalytic oxidation of ethylbenzene to acetophenone, which in turn was enantioselectively reduced with an alcohol dehydrogenase from Rhodococcus ruber to form (S)-1-phenylethanol (93 % ee).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Schmermund
- Institute of ChemistryDepartment of Organic and Bioorganic ChemistryUniversity of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed GrazHeinrichstrasse 288010GrazAustria
| | - Susanne Reischauer
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Sarah Bierbaumer
- Institute of ChemistryDepartment of Organic and Bioorganic ChemistryUniversity of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed GrazHeinrichstrasse 288010GrazAustria
| | - Christoph K. Winkler
- Institute of ChemistryDepartment of Organic and Bioorganic ChemistryUniversity of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed GrazHeinrichstrasse 288010GrazAustria
| | - Alba Diaz‐Rodriguez
- Chemical Development, Medicinal Science and Technology, Pharma R&DGlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research CentreGunnels Wood RoadStevenageSG1 2NYUK
| | - Lee J. Edwards
- Chemical Development, Medicinal Science and Technology, Pharma R&DGlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research CentreGunnels Wood RoadStevenageSG1 2NYUK
| | - Selin Kara
- Department of Engineering, Biological and Chemical EngineeringBiocatalysis and Bioprocessing GroupAarhus UniversityGustav Wieds Vej 108000AarhusDenmark
| | - Tamara Mielke
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | - Jared Cartwright
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | - Gideon Grogan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute of ChemistryDepartment of Organic and Bioorganic ChemistryUniversity of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed GrazHeinrichstrasse 288010GrazAustria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth-University of Graz8010GrazAustria
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18
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Abstract
Visible light photocatalysis has become a powerful tool in organic synthesis that uses photons as traceless, sustainable reagents. Most of the activities in the field focus on the development of new reactions via common photoredox cycles, but recently a number of exciting new concepts and strategies entered less charted territories. We survey approaches that enable the use of longer wavelengths and show that the wavelength and intensity of photons are import parameters that enable tuning of the reactivity of a photocatalyst to control or change the selectivity of chemical reactions. In addition, we discuss recent efforts to substitute strong reductants, such as elemental lithium and sodium, by light and technological advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Reischauer
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimalle 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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19
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Cavedon C, Sletten ET, Madani A, Niemeyer O, Seeberger PH, Pieber B. Visible-Light-Mediated Oxidative Debenzylation Enables the Use of Benzyl Ethers as Temporary Protecting Groups. Org Lett 2021; 23:514-518. [PMID: 33400534 PMCID: PMC7880570 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The cleavage of benzyl ethers by catalytic hydrogenolysis or Birch reduction suffers from poor functional group compatibility and limits their use as a protecting group. The visible-light-mediated debenzylation disclosed here renders benzyl ethers temporary protective groups, enabling new orthogonal protection strategies. Using 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) as a stoichiometric or catalytic photooxidant, benzyl ethers can be cleaved in the presence of azides, alkenes, and alkynes. The reaction time can be reduced from hours to minutes in continuous flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Cavedon
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eric T. Sletten
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Amiera Madani
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Olaf Niemeyer
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Reischauer
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimalle 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Strauss
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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21
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Gisbertz S, Reischauer S, Pieber B. Overcoming limitations in dual photoredox/nickel-catalysed C–N cross-couplings due to catalyst deactivation. Nat Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-020-0473-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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22
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Gisbertz S, Pieber B. Front Cover: Heterogeneous Photocatalysis in Organic Synthesis (ChemPhotoChem 7/2020). CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Gisbertz
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Gisbertz
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
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24
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Malik JA, Madani A, Pieber B, Seeberger PH. Evidence for Photocatalyst Involvement in Oxidative Additions of Nickel-Catalyzed Carboxylate O-Arylations. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11042-11049. [PMID: 32469219 PMCID: PMC7467672 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dual photocatalysis and nickel catalysis can effect cross-coupling under mild conditions, but little is known about the in situ kinetics of this class of reactions. We report a comprehensive kinetic examination of a model carboxylate O-arylation, comparing a state-of-the-art homogeneous photocatalyst (Ir(ppy)3) with a competitive heterogeneous photocatalyst (graphitic carbon nitride). Experimental conditions were adjusted such that the nickel catalytic cycle is saturated with excited photocatalyst. This approach was designed to remove the role of the photocatalyst, by which only the intrinsic behaviors of the nickel catalytic cycles are observed. The two reactions did not display identical kinetics. Ir(ppy)3 deactivates the nickel catalytic cycle and creates more dehalogenated side product. Kinetic data for the reaction using Ir(ppy)3 supports a turnover-limiting reductive elimination. Graphitic carbon nitride gave higher selectivity, even at high photocatalyst-to-nickel ratios. The heterogeneous reaction also showed a rate dependence on aryl halide, indicating that oxidative addition plays a role in rate determination. The results argue against the current mechanistic hypothesis, which states that the photocatalyst is only involved to trigger reductive elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal A Malik
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Amiera Madani
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Gisbertz
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
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26
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Mazzanti S, Kurpil B, Pieber B, Antonietti M, Savateev A. Dichloromethylation of enones by carbon nitride photocatalysis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1387. [PMID: 32170119 PMCID: PMC7070069 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15131-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Small organic radicals are ubiquitous intermediates in photocatalysis and are used in organic synthesis to install functional groups and to tune electronic properties and pharmacokinetic parameters of the final molecule. Development of new methods to generate small organic radicals with added functionality can further extend the utility of photocatalysis for synthetic needs. Herein, we present a method to generate dichloromethyl radicals from chloroform using a heterogeneous potassium poly(heptazine imide) (K-PHI) photocatalyst under visible light irradiation for C1-extension of the enone backbone. The method is applied on 15 enones, with γ,γ-dichloroketones yields of 18–89%. Due to negative zeta-potential (−40 mV) and small particle size (100 nm) K-PHI suspension is used in quasi-homogeneous flow-photoreactor increasing the productivity by 19 times compared to the batch approach. The resulting γ,γ-dichloroketones, are used as bifunctional building blocks to access value-added organic compounds such as substituted furans and pyrroles. Long-lived carbon nitride radicals have been used in several photocatalytic reactions. Herein, long-lived potassium poly(heptazine imide) radicals enable synthesis of γ,γ-dichloroketones from enones by addition of CHCl2 moiety, generated from chloroform, to the C=C bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mazzanti
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bogdan Kurpil
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Aleksandr Savateev
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
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Rosso C, Gisbertz S, Williams JD, Gemoets HPL, Debrouwer W, Pieber B, Kappe CO. An oscillatory plug flow photoreactor facilitates semi-heterogeneous dual nickel/carbon nitride photocatalytic C–N couplings. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00036a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dual nickel/photocatalytic C–N couplings are performed with an organic heterogeneous photocatalyst, in an oscillatory plug flow reactor. Reaction was complete in 20 min residence time, enabling 2.7 g h−1 throughput and 10-fold catalyst recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Rosso
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Graz
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Sebastian Gisbertz
- Department of Biomolecular Systems
- Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
| | - Jason D. Williams
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Graz
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW)
| | | | | | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular Systems
- Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- 14476 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - C. Oliver Kappe
- Institute of Chemistry
- University of Graz
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CCFLOW)
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28
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Guberman M, Pieber B, Seeberger PH. Safe and Scalable Continuous Flow Azidophenylselenylation of Galactal to Prepare Galactosamine Building Blocks. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Guberman
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimalle 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimalle 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Cavedon
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
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30
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Pieber B, Malik JA, Cavedon C, Gisbertz S, Savateev A, Cruz D, Heil T, Zhang G, Seeberger PH. Semi‐heterogeneous Dual Nickel/Photocatalysis using Carbon Nitrides: Esterification of Carboxylic Acids with Aryl Halides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9575-9580. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Jamal A. Malik
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Cristian Cavedon
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Sebastian Gisbertz
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Aleksandr Savateev
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Daniel Cruz
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Tobias Heil
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Guigang Zhang
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Deutschland
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31
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Abstract
![]()
A carbon nitride
material can be combined with homogeneous nickel
catalysts for light-mediated cross-couplings of aryl bromides with
alcohols under mild conditions. The metal-free heterogeneous semiconductor
is fully recyclable and couples a broad range of electron-poor aryl
bromides with primary and secondary alcohols as well as water. The
application for intramolecular reactions and the synthesis of active
pharmaceutical ingredients was demonstrated. The catalytic protocol
is applicable for the coupling of aryl iodides with thiols as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Cavedon
- Department of Biomolecular Systems , Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1 , 14476 Potsdam , Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 22 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Amiera Madani
- Department of Biomolecular Systems , Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1 , 14476 Potsdam , Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 22 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems , Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1 , 14476 Potsdam , Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 22 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular Systems , Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1 , 14476 Potsdam , Germany
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32
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Pieber B, Malik JA, Cavedon C, Gisbertz S, Savateev A, Cruz D, Heil T, Zhang G, Seeberger PH. Semi‐heterogene duale Nickel‐/Photokatalyse mit Kohlenstoffnitriden: Veresterung von Carbonsäuren mit Arylhalogeniden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartholomäus Pieber
- Abteilung für biomolekulare SystemeMax-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
| | - Jamal A. Malik
- Abteilung für biomolekulare SystemeMax-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
| | - Cristian Cavedon
- Abteilung für biomolekulare SystemeMax-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Sebastian Gisbertz
- Abteilung für biomolekulare SystemeMax-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Aleksandr Savateev
- Abteilung für KolloidchemieMax-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
| | - Daniel Cruz
- Abteilung für KolloidchemieMax-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
| | - Tobias Heil
- Abteilung für KolloidchemieMax-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
| | - Guigang Zhang
- Abteilung für KolloidchemieMax-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Abteilung für biomolekulare SystemeMax-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Deutschland
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33
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Pieber B, Shalom M, Antonietti M, Seeberger PH, Gilmore K. Kontinuierliche heterogene Photokatalyse in seriellen Mikro-Batch-Reaktoren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201712568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartholomäus Pieber
- Abteilung für Biomolekulare Systeme; Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung; Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
| | - Menny Shalom
- Abteilung für Kolloidchemie; Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung; Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
- Derzeitige Adresse: Chemistry Department; Ben Gurion University of the Negev; Beersheba 009728 Israel
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Abteilung für Kolloidchemie; Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung; Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Abteilung für Biomolekulare Systeme; Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung; Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
| | - Kerry Gilmore
- Abteilung für Biomolekulare Systeme; Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung; Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
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34
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Pieber B, Shalom M, Antonietti M, Seeberger PH, Gilmore K. Continuous Heterogeneous Photocatalysis in Serial Micro-Batch Reactors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:9976-9979. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201712568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular Systems; Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces; Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Menny Shalom
- Department of Colloid Chemistry; Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces; Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Current address: Chemistry Department; Ben Gurion University of the Negev; Beersheba 009728 Israel
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloid Chemistry; Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces; Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems; Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces; Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Kerry Gilmore
- Department of Biomolecular Systems; Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces; Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kerry Gilmore
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, Berlin 14195, Germany
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36
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Abstract
Flow chemistry involves the use of channels or tubing to conduct a reaction in a continuous stream rather than in a flask. Flow equipment provides chemists with unique control over reaction parameters enhancing reactivity or in some cases enabling new reactions. This relatively young technology has received a remarkable amount of attention in the past decade with many reports on what can be done in flow. Until recently, however, the question, "Should we do this in flow?" has merely been an afterthought. This review introduces readers to the basic principles and fundamentals of flow chemistry and critically discusses recent flow chemistry accounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Plutschack
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kerry Gilmore
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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37
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Abstract
A continuous process for the synthesis and inline separation of anhydrous trifluoromethyl diazomethane in a single continuous flow process is presented. The diazo building block is generated from the corresponding amine and NaNO2 under acidic, aqueous conditions and subsequently diffuses through a gas-permeable membrane into an organic stream. To avoid storage and transportation of the hazardous compound, a representative downstream process in a packed-bed reactor yielding highly functionalized building blocks was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartholomäus Pieber
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz , NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - C Oliver Kappe
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz , NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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38
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Pieber B, Cox DP, Kappe CO. Selective Olefin Reduction in Thebaine Using Hydrazine Hydrate and O2 under Intensified Continuous Flow Conditions. Org Process Res Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartholomäus Pieber
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - D. Phillip Cox
- Noramco,
Inc., 503 Carr Road, Suite 200, Wilmington, Delaware 19809, United States
| | - C. Oliver Kappe
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Kappe
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz
| | | | | | - Arlene Corrêa
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos
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40
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Salvador CEM, Pieber B, Neu PM, Torvisco A, Kleber Z Andrade C, Kappe CO. A sequential Ugi multicomponent/Cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition approach for the continuous flow generation of cyclic peptoids. J Org Chem 2015; 80:4590-602. [PMID: 25842982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of a continuous flow multistep strategy for the synthesis of linear peptoids and their subsequent macrocyclization via Click chemistry is described. The central transformation of this process is an Ugi four-component reaction generating the peptidomimetic core structure. In order to avoid exposure to the often toxic and malodorous isocyanide building blocks, the continuous approach was telescoped by the dehydration of the corresponding formamide. In a concurrent operation, the highly energetic azide moiety required for the subsequent intramolecular copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (Click reaction) was installed by nucleophilic substitution from a bromide precursor. All steps yielding to the linear core structures can be conveniently coupled without the need for purification steps resulting in a single process generating the desired peptidomimetics in good to excellent yields within a 25 min reaction time. The following macrocyclization was realized in a coil reactor made of copper without any additional additive. A careful process intensification study demonstrated that this transformation occurs quantitatively within 25 min at 140 °C. Depending on the resulting ring strain, either a dimeric or a monomeric form of the cyclic product was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo M Salvador
- †Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria.,‡Laboratório de Química Metodológica e Orgânica Sintética, Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, C.P. 4478, 70904-970, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- †Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Philipp M Neu
- †Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ana Torvisco
- §Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Carlos Kleber Z Andrade
- ‡Laboratório de Química Metodológica e Orgânica Sintética, Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, C.P. 4478, 70904-970, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - C Oliver Kappe
- †Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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41
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Pieber B, Glasnov T, Kappe CO. Continuous Flow Reduction of Artemisinic Acid Utilizing Multi-Injection Strategies-Closing the Gap Towards a Fully Continuous Synthesis of Antimalarial Drugs. Chemistry 2015; 21:4368-76. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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42
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43
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Moghaddam MM, Pieber B, Glasnov T, Kappe CO. Immobilized iron oxide nanoparticles as stable and reusable catalysts for hydrazine-mediated nitro reductions in continuous flow. ChemSusChem 2014; 7:3122-31. [PMID: 25209099 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201402455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
An experimentally easy to perform method for the generation of alumina-supported Fe3O4 nanoparticles [(6±1) nm size, 0.67 wt %]and the use of this material in hydrazine-mediated heterogeneously catalyzed reductions of nitroarenes to anilines under batch and continuous-flow conditions is presented. The bench-stable, reusable nano-Fe3O4@Al2O3 catalyst can selectively reduce functionalized nitroarenes at 1 mol % catalyst loading by using a 20 mol % excess of hydrazine hydrate in an elevated temperature regime (150 °C, reaction time 2-6 min in batch). For continuous-flow processing, the catalyst material is packed into dedicated cartridges and used in a commercially available high-temperature/-pressure flow device. In continuous mode, reaction times can be reduced to less than 1 min at 150 °C (30 bar back pressure) in a highly intensified process. The nano-Fe3O4@Al2O3 catalyst demonstrated stable reduction of nitrobenzene (0.5 M in MeOH) for more than 10 h on stream at a productivity of 30 mmol h(-1) (0.72 mol per day). Importantly, virtually no leaching of the catalytically active material could be observed by inductively coupled plasma MS monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Mirhosseini Moghaddam
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Flow Chemistry (CDLFC) and Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz (Austria)
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44
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Hofbauer HF, Schopf FH, Schleifer H, Knittelfelder OL, Pieber B, Rechberger GN, Wolinski H, Gaspar ML, Kappe CO, Stadlmann J, Mechtler K, Zenz A, Lohner K, Tehlivets O, Henry SA, Kohlwein SD. Regulation of gene expression through a transcriptional repressor that senses acyl-chain length in membrane phospholipids. Dev Cell 2014; 29:729-39. [PMID: 24960695 PMCID: PMC4070385 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Membrane phospholipids typically contain fatty acids (FAs) of 16 and 18 carbon atoms. This particular chain length is evolutionarily highly conserved and presumably provides maximum stability and dynamic properties to biological membranes in response to nutritional or environmental cues. Here, we show that the relative proportion of C16 versus C18 FAs is regulated by the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (Acc1), the first and rate-limiting enzyme of FA de novo synthesis. Acc1 activity is attenuated by AMPK/Snf1-dependent phosphorylation, which is required to maintain an appropriate acyl-chain length distribution. Moreover, we find that the transcriptional repressor Opi1 preferentially binds to C16 over C18 phosphatidic acid (PA) species: thus, C16-chain containing PA sequesters Opi1 more effectively to the ER, enabling AMPK/Snf1 control of PA acyl-chain length to determine the degree of derepression of Opi1 target genes. These findings reveal an unexpected regulatory link between the major energy-sensing kinase, membrane lipid composition, and transcription. AMPK/Snf1 inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase controls fatty acyl-chain length Opi1 repressor preferentially binds to C16 rather than C18 acyl-chains in PA Acyl-chain length tunes Opi1 sequestration to the ER and target gene derepression AMPK/Snf1 thus uses its effect on acyl-chain length to control Opi1 target genes
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald F Hofbauer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Florian H Schopf
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Hannes Schleifer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Oskar L Knittelfelder
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gerald N Rechberger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50/II, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Heimo Wolinski
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50/II, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Maria L Gaspar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 249 Biotechnology Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2703, USA
| | - C Oliver Kappe
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes Stadlmann
- Protein Chemistry Facility, Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Doktor-Bohr-Gasse 7, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Karl Mechtler
- Protein Chemistry Facility, IMBA Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Doktor-Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Zenz
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Karl Lohner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50/II, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Oksana Tehlivets
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50/II, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Susan A Henry
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 249 Biotechnology Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2703, USA
| | - Sepp D Kohlwein
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50/II, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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45
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Pieber B, Glasnov T, Kappe CO. Flash carboxylation: fast lithiation–carboxylation sequence at room temperature in continuous flow. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01442a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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46
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Pieber B, Martinez ST, Cantillo D, Kappe CO. In Situ Generation of Diimide from Hydrazine and Oxygen: Continuous-Flow Transfer Hydrogenation of Olefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201303528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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47
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Pieber B, Martinez ST, Cantillo D, Kappe CO. In Situ Generation of Diimide from Hydrazine and Oxygen: Continuous-Flow Transfer Hydrogenation of Olefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:10241-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201303528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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48
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Kappe CO, Pieber B, Dallinger D. Microwave Effects in Organic Synthesis: Myth or Reality? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 52:1088-94. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201204103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 396] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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49
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50
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Kumar GS, Pieber B, Reddy KR, Kappe CO. Copper-Catalyzed Formation of CO Bonds by Direct α-CH Bond Activation of Ethers Using Stoichiometric Amounts of Peroxide in Batch and Continuous-Flow Formats. Chemistry 2012; 18:6124-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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