The Liebeskind-Srogl cross-coupling reaction towards the synthesis of biologically active compounds

In this review, we emphasize the significance of the Liebeskind-Srogl cross-coupling reaction, a palladium-catalyzed process involving the reaction between a thioester and a boronic acid. This reaction has emerged as a fundamental technique in synthetic methodologies aimed at the development of biologically active compounds. The Liebeskind-Srogl cross-coupling method has become an essential approach in chemistry, facilitating the diversification of complex structures that would be significantly more challenging to synthesize through alternative approaches. In this review, we aim to outline the numerous possibilities for preparing a wide range of derivatives, each with notable biological potential.

Synthesis of pyrido-annelated [1,2,4,5]tetrazines, [1,2,4]triazepine, and [1,2,4,5]tetrazepines for anticancer, DFT, and molecular docking studies

In this strategy, we attempt to design various novel nitrogen-rich heterocycles in one molecule. Green, simple, and efficient aza-annulations of an active, versatile building block, 1-amino-4-methyl-2-oxo-6-phenyl-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile (1), with different bifunctional reagents were developed under solvent-free conditions, resulting in the bridgehead tetrazines and azepines (triazepine and tetrazepines). Pyrido[1,2,4,5]tetrazines have been synthesized through two pathways; [3 + 3]- and [5 + 1]-annulations. In addition, pyrido-azepines have been developed by applying [4 + 3]-and [5 + 2]-annulations. This protocol establishes an efficient technique for synthesizing essential biological derivatives of 1,2,4,5-tetrazines, 1,2,4-triazepines, and 1,2,4,5-tetrazepine, tolerating a diverse variety of functionalities without the need for catalysis and fast reaction rates in high yields. The National Cancer Institute (NCI, Bethesda, USA) examined twelve compounds produced at a single high dosage (10^-5 M). Compounds 4, 8, and 9 were discovered to have potent anticancer action against certain cancer cell types. To explain NCI results, the density of states was calculated to conduct a better description of the FMOs. The molecular electrostatic potential maps were created to explain a molecule's chemical reactivity. In silico ADME experiments were performed to better understand their pharmacokinetic characteristics. Finally, the molecular docking investigations on Janus Kinase-2 (PDB ID: 4P7E) were carried out to study the binding mechanism, binding affinity, and non-bonding contacts.

Synthesis of new pyrazoles, oxadiazoles, triazoles, pyrrolotriazines, and pyrrolotriazepines as potential cytotoxic agents

4‐Oxo‐4‐phenylbutanehydrazide (1) reacted with many active methylene reagents such as acetylacetone, diethylmalonate, ethylacetoacetate, ethylcyanoacetate, benzoyl‐acetonitrile, and malononitrile under neat conditions to afford the corresponding pyrazoles (2–7), also, treatment of butanehydrazide (1) with electrophilic reagents as triethylorthoformate, dimethylformamide‐dimethylacetal, acetic anhydride, and carbon disulfide to give 1,3,4‐oxadiazoles (8,10,11) and N′‐acetyl‐butanehydrazide (9). Reacted of butanehydrazide (1) with potassium thiocyanate gave 1,2,4‐triazoles (12). Similarly, treatment of (1) with chloroacetamide gave 1,2,4‐triazinones (13). The pyrrolotriazinones (14) was obtained by cyclization of (13). Also, butanehydrazide (1) was utilized as a starting material for the synthesized of new Schiff bases as N′‐(4‐sub‐benzylidene)‐phenylbutane‐hydrazide (15a‐c), which are used as an initiative to prepare new compounds such as 1,2,4‐triazepinones (16a‐c), pyrrolotriazepinones (17a‐c), 1,2,4‐triazines (18a‐c), and pyrrolotriazines (19a‐c) by reacted of (15a‐c) with each chloroacetamide or formamide. The chemical structure of the newly prepared compounds was determined through the spectrum data, including IR, NMR, and MS. The prepared compounds were tested for their in vitro antitumor activities. The compounds 17a‐c, 16a‐c, and 19a‐c displayed activity against several types of cancer cell lines.

New triazepine carboxylate derivatives: correlation between corrosion inhibition property and chemical structure

In this investigation, attempts have been made to study the corrosion inhibition properties of three new triazepine carboxylate compounds for mild steel in 1.0 M hydrochloric acid medium. The evaluation was carried out using mass loss, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and polarization curves measurement. Impedance diagrams and Bode plots for uninhibited and inhibited systems were analyzed using Zview program. The fitted data observed trails in nearly the same pattern as the experimental results. It is showed that triazepine carboxylate compounds are very good inhibitors for mild steel corrosion in 1.0 M hydrochloric acid medium which act as mixed-type inhibitors. So, the inhibition efficiency was increased with inhibitor concentration in the order Cl–Me–CN > Me–CN > Cl–Me–CO2Et which depended on their molecular structures. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed that all compounds act by the formation of a protective film at the metal surface. Surface analyses via SEM and Optical 3D profilometry were used to investigate the morphology of the steels before and after immersion in 1.0 M HCl solution containing inhibitors. The correspondence between inhibition property and molecular structure of the triazepine carboxylate compounds was investigated, using density functional theory (DFT). Experimental and DFT study was further supported by molecular dynamic simulations study.

Synthesis of novel naphthalene-heterocycle hybrids with potent antitumor, anti-inflammatory and antituberculosis activities

Multitarget-directed drugs (hybrid drugs) constitute an efficient avenue for the treatment of multifactorial diseases. In this work, novel naphthalene hybrids with different heterocyclic scaffolds such as nicotinonitrile, pyran, pyranopyrazole, pyrazole, pyrazolopyridine, and azepine were efficiently synthesized via tandem reactions of 3-formyl-4H-benzo[h]chromen-4-one 1 with different nucleophilic reagents. Analysis of these hybrids using PASS online software indicated different predicted biological activities such as anticancer, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiprotozoal, anti-inflammatory, etc. By focusing on antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antituberculosis activities, many compounds revealed remarkable activities. While 3c, 3e, and 3h were more potent than doxorubicin in the case of HepG-2 cell lines, 3a–e, 3i, 6, 8, 10, 11, and 12b were more potent in the case of MCF-7. Moreover, compounds 3c, 3h, 8, 10, 3d, and 12b manifested superior activity and COX-2 selectivity to the reference anti-inflammatory Celecoxib. Regarding antituberculosis activity, 3c, 3d, and 3i were found to be the most promising with MIC less than 1 μg mL⁻¹. The molecular docking studies showed strong polar and hydrophobic interactions with the novel naphthalene-heterocycle hybrids that were compatible with experimental evaluations to a great extent.

Novel naphthalene-heterocycle hybrids were synthesized via tandem reactions of 3-formylchromone with different nucleophilic reagents. Various hybrids revealed potent antitumor and anti-inflammatory as well as promising antituberculosis activities.

A convenient stereoselective access to novel 1,2,4-triazepan-3-ones/thiones via reduction or reductive alkylation of 7-membered cyclic semicarbazones and thiosemicarbazones

Stereoselective syntheses of 1-unsubstituted and 1-alkylsubstituted 1,2,4-triazepane-3-thiones/ones based on reduction or reductive alkylation of 2,4,5,6-tetrahydro-3H-1,2,4-triazepine-3-thiones/ones are reported.

Recent developments in the chemistry of bicyclic 6-6 systems: chemistry of pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidines

The present review reports the chemistry and biological importance of pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidine analogues.

Advances in 1,3,5-triazepines chemistry

This study reported the chemistry of 1,3,5-triazepines. Heterocyclic 1,3,5-triazepines are mono and fused cycles.