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Esmeraldo Paiva A, Baez Vasquez JF, Selkirk A, Prochukhan N, G L Medeiros Borsagli F, Morris M. Highly Ordered Porous Inorganic Structures via Block Copolymer Lithography: An Application of the Versatile and Selective Infiltration of the "Inverse" P2VP- b-PS System. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:35265-35275. [PMID: 35876355 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A facile and versatile strategy was developed to produce highly ordered porous metal oxide structures via block copolymer (BCP) lithography. Phase separation of poly(2-vinylpyridine)-b-polystyrene (P2VP-b-PS) was induced by solvent vapor annealing in a nonselective solvent environment to fabricate cylindrical arrays. In this work, we thoroughly analyzed the effects of the film thickness, solvent annealing time, and temperature on the ordering of a P2VP-majority system for the first time, resulting in "inverse" structures. Reflectometry, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the formation of the highly ordered BCP morphology and the subsequently produced metal oxide film. At 40 min solvent annealing time, hexagonally close packed structures were produced with cylinder diameters ∼40 nm. Subsequently, the BCP films were infiltrated with different metal cations. Metal ions (Cr, Fe, Ni, and Ga) selectively infiltrated the P2VP domain, while the PS did not retain any detectable amount of metal precursor. This gave rise to a metal oxide porous structure after a UV/ozone (UVO) treatment. The results showed that the metal oxide structures demonstrated high fidelity compared to the BCP template and cylindrical domains presented a similar size to the previous PS structure. Moreover, XPS analyses revealed the complete elimination of the BCP template and confirmed the presence of the metal oxides. These metal oxides were used as hard masks for pattern transfer via dry etching as a further application. Silicon nanopores were fabricated mimicking the BCP template and demonstrated a pore depth of ∼50 nm. Ultimately, this strategy can be applied to create different inorganic nanostructures for a diverse range of applications, for example, solar cells, diodes, and integrated circuits. Furthermore, by optimizing the etching parameters, deeper structures can be obtained via ICP/RIE processes, leading to many potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aislan Esmeraldo Paiva
- AMBER Research Centre/School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02W085, Ireland
| | | | - Andrew Selkirk
- AMBER Research Centre/School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02W085, Ireland
| | - Nadezda Prochukhan
- AMBER Research Centre/School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02W085, Ireland
| | - Fernanda G L Medeiros Borsagli
- Institute of Engineering, Science and Technology, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri/UFVJM, Av. 01, 4050, Janaúba, MG 39440-039, Brazil
| | - Michael Morris
- AMBER Research Centre/School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02W085, Ireland
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Cao W, Yin S, Plank M, Chumakov A, Opel M, Chen W, Kreuzer LP, Heger JE, Gallei M, Brett CJ, Schwartzkopf M, Eliseev AA, Anokhin EO, Trusov LA, Roth SV, Müller-Buschbaum P. Spray-Deposited Anisotropic Ferromagnetic Hybrid Polymer Films of PS- b-PMMA and Strontium Hexaferrite Magnetic Nanoplatelets. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:1592-1602. [PMID: 33355441 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Spray deposition is a scalable and cost-effective technique for the fabrication of magnetic hybrid films containing diblock copolymers (DBCs) and magnetic nanoparticles. However, it is challenging to obtain spray-deposited anisotropic magnetic hybrid films without using external magnetic fields. In the present work, spray deposition is applied to prepare perpendicular anisotropic magnetic hybrid films by controlling the orientation of strontium hexaferrite nanoplatelets inside ultra-high-molecular-weight DBC polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) films. During spray deposition, the evolution of DBC morphology and the orientation of magnetic nanoplatelets are monitored with in situ grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS). For reference, a pure DBC film without nanoplatelets is deposited with the same conditions. Solvent-controlled magnetic properties of the hybrid film are proven with solvent vapor annealing (SVA) applied to the final deposited magnetic films. Obvious changes in the DBC morphology and nanoplatelet localization are observed during SVA. The superconducting quantum interference device data show that ferromagnetic hybrid polymer films with high coercivity can be achieved via spray deposition. The hybrid films show a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy before SVA, which is strongly weakened after SVA. The spray-deposited hybrid films appear highly promising for potential applications in magnetic data storage and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cao
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Shanshan Yin
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Martina Plank
- Ernst-Berl-Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Andrei Chumakov
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Opel
- Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Walther-Meissner-Institut, Walther-Meissner-Straße 8, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Wei Chen
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Lucas P Kreuzer
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Julian E Heger
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Markus Gallei
- Chair in Polymer Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C4 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Calvin J Brett
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 8, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Artem A Eliseev
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny O Anokhin
- Department of Materials Science, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lev A Trusov
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Stephan V Roth
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Cao W, Xia S, Jiang X, Appold M, Opel M, Plank M, Schaffrinna R, Kreuzer LP, Yin S, Gallei M, Schwartzkopf M, Roth SV, Müller-Buschbaum P. Self-Assembly of Large Magnetic Nanoparticles in Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Linear Diblock Copolymer Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:7557-7564. [PMID: 31967448 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of diblock copolymer (DBC) nanocomposite films containing magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) with diameters (D) over 20 nm is a challenging task. To host large iron oxide NPs (Fe3O4, D = 27 ± 0.6 nm), an ultrahigh molecular weight (UHMW) linear DBC polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) is used as a template in the present work. Due to hydrogen bonding between the carboxylic acid ligands of the NPs and the ester groups in PMMA, the NPs show an affinity to the PMMA block. The localization of the NPs inside the DBC is investigated as a function of the NP concentration. At low NP concentrations, NPs are located preferentially at the interface between PS and PMMA domains to minimize the interfacial tension caused by the strong segregation strength of the UHMW DBC. At high NP concentrations (≥10 wt %), chain-like NP aggregates (a head-to-tail orientation) are observed in the PMMA domains, resulting in a change of the morphology from sphere to ellipsoid for part of the PMMA domains. Magnetic properties of the hybrid films are probed via superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry. All hybrid films show ferrimagnetism and are promising for potential applications in magnetic data storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cao
- Physik-Department , Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Straße 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Senlin Xia
- Physik-Department , Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Straße 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Xinyu Jiang
- Physik-Department , Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Straße 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Michael Appold
- Ernst-Berl-Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 , D-64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Matthias Opel
- Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Walther-Meissner-Institut , Walther-Meissner-Straße 8 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Martina Plank
- Ernst-Berl-Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 , D-64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Roy Schaffrinna
- Physik-Department , Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Straße 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Lucas P Kreuzer
- Physik-Department , Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Straße 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Shanshan Yin
- Physik-Department , Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Straße 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Markus Gallei
- Chair in Polymer Chemistry , Saarland University , Campus C4 2, D-66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Matthias Schwartzkopf
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) , Notkestraße 85 , D-22607 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Stephan V Roth
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) , Notkestraße 85 , D-22607 Hamburg , Germany
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Teknikringen 56-58 , SE-100 44 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Physik-Department , Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Straße 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstraße 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
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Xia S, Song L, Chen W, Körstgens V, Opel M, Schwartzkopf M, Roth SV, Müller-Buschbaum P. Printed Thin Diblock Copolymer Films with Dense Magnetic Nanostructure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:21935-21945. [PMID: 31136716 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b06573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Thin hybrid films with dense magnetic structures for sensor applications are printed using diblock copolymer (DBC) templating magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). To achieve a high-density magnetic structure, the printing ink is prepared by mixing polystyrene- block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS- b-PMMA) with a large PS volume fraction and PS selective MNPs. Solvent vapor annealing is applied to generate a parallel cylindrical film morphology (with respect to the substrate), in which the MNP-residing PS domains are well separated by the PMMA matrix, and thus, the formation of large MNP agglomerates is avoided. Moreover, the morphologies of the printed thin films are determined as a function of the MNP concentration with real and reciprocal space characterization techniques. The PS domains are found to be saturated with MNPs at 1 wt %, at which the structural order of the hybrid films reaches a maximum within the studied range of MNP concentration. As a beneficial aspect, the MNP loading improves the morphological order of the thin DBC films. The dense magnetic structure endows the thin films with a faster superparamagnetic responsive behavior, as compared to thick films where identical MNPs are used, but dispersed inside the minority domains of the DBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senlin Xia
- Technische Universität München , Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien , James-Franck-Str. 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Lin Song
- Technische Universität München , Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien , James-Franck-Str. 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
- Institute of Flexible Electronics , Northwestern Polytechnical University , West Youyi Road 127 , 710072 , Xi'an , Shanxi China
| | - Wei Chen
- Technische Universität München , Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien , James-Franck-Str. 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Volker Körstgens
- Technische Universität München , Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien , James-Franck-Str. 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Matthias Opel
- Walther-Meissner-Institut , Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften , Walther-Meissner-Str. 8 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | | | - Stephan V Roth
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY , Notkestr. 85 , 22603 Hamburg , Germany
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology , Teknikringen 56-58 , SE-100 44 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Technische Universität München , Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien , James-Franck-Str. 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ) , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstr. 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
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Barandiaran I, Kortaberria G. Magnetic nanocomposites based on poly(styrene- b -butadiene- b -methyl methacrylate) and modified Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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