1
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Li W, Diao C, Lu Y, Li H. Photoinduced Vicinal Sulfamoyloximation of Alkenes: Harnessing Bifunctional Nitrosamines via a Rapid Radical Trapping Strategy. Org Lett 2024; 26:6253-6258. [PMID: 39018472 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
We developed a photoinduced method for vicinal sulfamoyloximation of alkenes using N-nitrosamines as bifunctional reagents, with DABSO serving as both a sulfonyl source and a rapid aminyl radical trap. This strategy prevents radical recombination, enabling bifunctional activation under neutral conditions to generate key sulfamoyl radicals. It accommodates broad substrate scope and functional group compatibility, enabling late-stage modifications of bioactive molecules and expanding sulfonamide diversity in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Chenchen Diao
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yilian Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Huaifeng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
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2
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Lu L, Liu N, Fan Z, Liu M, Zhang X, Tian J, Yu Y, Lin H, Huang Y, Kong Z. A novel PGPR strain, Streptomyces lasalocidi JCM 3373 T, alleviates salt stress and shapes root architecture in soybean by secreting indole-3-carboxaldehyde. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:1941-1956. [PMID: 38369767 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
While soybean (Glycine max L.) provides the most important source of vegetable oil and protein, it is sensitive to salinity, which seriously endangers the yield and quality during soybean production. The application of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) to improve salt tolerance for plant is currently gaining increasing attention. Streptomycetes are a major group of PGPR. However, to date, few streptomycetes has been successfully developed and applied to promote salt tolerance in soybean. Here, we discovered a novel PGPR strain, Streptomyces lasalocidi JCM 3373T, from 36 strains of streptomycetes via assays of their capacity to alleviate salt stress in soybean. Microscopic observation showed that S. lasalocidi JCM 3373T does not colonise soybean roots. Chemical analysis confirmed that S. lasalocidi JCM 3373T secretes indole-3-carboxaldehyde (ICA1d). Importantly, IAC1d inoculation alleviates salt stress in soybean and modulates its root architecture by regulating the expression of stress-responsive genes GmVSP, GmPHD2 and GmWRKY54 and root growth-related genes GmPIN1a, GmPIN2a, GmYUCCA5 and GmYUCCA6. Taken together, the novel PGPR strain, S. lasalocidi JCM 3373T, alleviates salt stress and improves root architecture in soybean by secreting ICA1d. Our findings provide novel clues for the development of new microbial inoculant and the improvement of crop productivity under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zihui Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Minghao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Honghui Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaosheng Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hou-Ji Laboratory in Shanxi province, Academy of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
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3
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Zong ZM, Zhang L, Li GP, Wang W, Zhao XJ, He Y. Electrochemical-Induced C-N Bond Formation: A New Method to Synthesis ( Z)-Quinazolinone Oximes Using Primary Amines and Quinazolin-4(3 H)-one. Org Lett 2024; 26:1271-1276. [PMID: 38323795 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
A novel and highly selective electrochemical method for the synthesis of diverse quinazolinone oximes via direct electrooxidation of primary amines/C(sp2)-H functionalization of oximes has been developed. The reaction is conducted in an undivided cell under constant current conditions and is oxidant-free, open-air, and eco-friendly. Notably, the protocol shows good functional group tolerance, providing versatile quinazolinone oximes in good yields. Moreover, the mechanism is investigated through control experiments and cyclic voltammogram (CV) experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Min Zong
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Lizhu Zhang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Gan-Peng Li
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yonghui He
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, China
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4
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Du X, Liu N, Yan B, Li Y, Liu M, Huang Y. Proximity-based defensive mutualism between Streptomyces and Mesorhizobium by sharing and sequestering iron. THE ISME JOURNAL 2024; 18:wrad041. [PMID: 38366066 PMCID: PMC10881299 DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrad041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Microorganisms living in soil maintain intricate interactions among themselves, forming the soil microbiota that influences the rhizosphere microbiome and plant growth. However, the mechanisms underlying the soil microbial interactions remain unclear. Streptomyces and Mesorhizobium are commonly found in soil and serve as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Here, we identified an unprecedented interaction between the colonies of red-soil-derived Streptomyces sp. FXJ1.4098 and Mesorhizobium sp. BAC0120 and referred to it as "proximity-based defensive mutualism (PBDM)." We found that metabolite-mediated iron competition and sharing between the two microorganisms were responsible for PBDM. Streptomyces sp. FXJ1.4098 produced a highly diffusible siderophore, desferrioxamine, which made iron unavailable to co-cultured Mesorhizobium sp. BAC0120, thereby inhibiting its growth. Streptomyces sp. FXJ1.4098 also released poorly diffusible iron-porphyrin complexes, which could be utilized by Mesorhizobium sp. BAC0120, thereby restoring the growth of nearby Mesorhizobium sp. BAC0120. Furthermore, in ternary interactions, the PBDM strategy contributed to the protection of Mesorhizobium sp. BAC0120 close to Streptomyces sp. FXJ1.4098 from other microbial competitors, resulting in the coexistence of these two PGPR. A scale-up pairwise interaction screening suggested that the PBDM strategy may be common between Mesorhizobium and red-soil-derived Streptomyces. These results demonstrate the key role of iron in complex microbial interactions and provide novel insights into the coexistence of PGPR in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyuan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 101408, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Site Remediation Technologies, BCEG Environmental Remediation Co., Ltd., Beijing 100015, P. R. China
| | - Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Bingfa Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 101408, P. R. China
| | - Yisong Li
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Minghao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 101408, P. R. China
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5
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Vriens E, De Ruysscher D, Weir ANM, Dekimpe S, Steurs G, Shemy A, Persoons L, Santos AR, Williams C, Daelemans D, Crump MP, Voet A, De Borggraeve W, Lescrinier E, Masschelein J. Polyketide Synthase-Mediated O-Methyloxime Formation in the Biosynthesis of the Oximidine Anticancer Agents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304476. [PMID: 37218580 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial trans-acyltransferase polyketide synthases (trans-AT PKSs) are modular megaenzymes that employ unusual catalytic domains to assemble diverse bioactive natural products. One such PKS is responsible for the biosynthesis of the oximidine anticancer agents, oxime-substituted benzolactone enamides that inhibit vacuolar H+ -ATPases. Here, we describe the identification of the oximidine gene cluster in Pseudomonas baetica and the characterization of four novel oximidine variants, including a structurally simpler intermediate that retains potent anticancer activity. Using a combination of in vivo, in vitro and computational approaches, we experimentally elucidate the oximidine biosynthetic pathway and reveal an unprecedented mechanism for O-methyloxime formation. We show that this process involves a specialized monooxygenase and methyltransferase domain and provide insight into their activity, mechanism and specificity. Our findings expand the catalytic capabilities of trans-AT PKSs and identify potential strategies for the production of novel oximidine analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Vriens
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Discovery and Engineering, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Dries De Ruysscher
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Discovery and Engineering, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Angus N M Weir
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Discovery and Engineering, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Sofie Dekimpe
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Discovery and Engineering, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Gert Steurs
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Ahmed Shemy
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Modelling and Design, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Leentje Persoons
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Dirk Daelemans
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthew P Crump
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Arnout Voet
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Modelling and Design, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Wim De Borggraeve
- Sustainable Chemistry for Metals and Molecules, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Eveline Lescrinier
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joleen Masschelein
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Discovery and Engineering, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
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6
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Liu M, Wang K, Wei J, Liu N, Niu G, Tan H, Huang Y. Comparative and Functional Analyses Reveal Conserved and Variable Regulatory Systems That Control Lasalocid Biosynthesis in Different Streptomyces Species. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0385222. [PMID: 36847561 PMCID: PMC10100954 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03852-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lasalocid, a representative polyether ionophore, has been successfully applied in veterinary medicine and animal husbandry and also displays promising potential for cancer therapy. Nevertheless, the regulatory system governing lasalocid biosynthesis remains obscure. Here, we identified two conserved (lodR2 and lodR3) and one variable (lodR1, found only in Streptomyces sp. strain FXJ1.172) putative regulatory genes through a comparison of the lasalocid biosynthetic gene cluster (lod) from Streptomyces sp. FXJ1.172 with those (las and lsd) from Streptomyces lasalocidi. Gene disruption experiments demonstrated that both lodR1 and lodR3 positively regulate lasalocid biosynthesis in Streptomyces sp. FXJ1.172, while lodR2 plays a negative regulatory role. To unravel the regulatory mechanism, transcriptional analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) along with footprinting experiments were performed. The results revealed that LodR1 and LodR2 could bind to the intergenic regions of lodR1-lodAB and lodR2-lodED, respectively, thereby repressing the transcription of the lodAB and lodED operons, respectively. The repression of lodAB-lodC by LodR1 likely boosts lasalocid biosynthesis. Furthermore, LodR2 and LodE constitute a repressor-activator system that senses changes in intracellular lasalocid concentrations and coordinates its biosynthesis. LodR3 could directly activate the transcription of key structural genes. Comparative and parallel functional analyses of the homologous genes in S. lasalocidi ATCC 31180T confirmed the conserved roles of lodR2, lodE, and lodR3 in controlling lasalocid biosynthesis. Intriguingly, the variable gene locus lodR1-lodC from Streptomyces sp. FXJ1.172 seems functionally conserved when introduced into S. lasalocidi ATCC 31180T. Overall, our findings demonstrate that lasalocid biosynthesis is tightly controlled by both conserved and variable regulators, providing valuable guidance for further improving lasalocid production. IMPORTANCE Compared to its elaborated biosynthetic pathway, the regulation of lasalocid biosynthesis remains obscure. Here, we characterize the roles of regulatory genes in lasalocid biosynthetic gene clusters of two distinct Streptomyces species and identify a conserved repressor-activator system, LodR2-LodE, which could sense changes in the concentration of lasalocid and coordinate its biosynthesis with self-resistance. Furthermore, in parallel, we verify that the regulatory system identified in a new Streptomyces isolate is valid in the industrial lasalocid producer and thus applicable for the construction of high-yield strains. These findings deepen our understanding of regulatory mechanisms involved in the production of polyether ionophores and provide novel clues for the rational design of industrial strains for scaled-up production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kairui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junhong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guoqing Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huarong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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Dissanayake AA, Wagner CM, Nair MG. Evaluation of health benefits of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) isolates using in vitro antiinflammatory and antioxidant assays. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259587. [PMID: 34731213 PMCID: PMC8565778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), a parasitic fish which survives on blood of other fishes, is consumed as a delicacy in many countries. Our earlier studies on sea lamprey compounds that showed potential to deter adult sea lampreys yielded several sterols, glycerides, free fatty acids, amino acids, organic acids and nitrogenous compounds. Therefore, this study was to assess the health-benefits of these compounds including additional isolates from HPLC fractions that kept aside due to lack of activity in sea lamprey deterrent assays. In vitro cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and -2) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) inhibitory assays, respectively, were used to determine antiinflammatory and antioxidant activities. Among the tested sterols, cholesteryl eicosapentaenoate and cholesteryl arachidonate exhibited IC50 values of 14.6 and 17.7 μg/mL for COX-1 and 17.3 and 20.8 μg/mL for COX-2, respectively. Cholesteryl palmitate and cholesteryl oleate showed moderate COX-1 and COX-2 enzyme inhibition at 25 μg/mL. Amino acids arginine, tyrosine, glutamic acid, tryptophan and asparagine also showed moderate COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition at the same concentration. Among the twelve new isolates from fractions that we did not investigate earlier, a novel uracil derivative petromyzonacil showed COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition at 25 μg/mL by 35 and 15%, respectively. Cholesterol esters tested at 25 μg/mL exhibited LPO inhibition between 38 and 82 percent. Amino acids cysteine, methionine, aspartic acid, threonine, tryptophan, histidine, glutamic acid, phenylalanine and tyrosine at 25 μg/mL showed LPO inhibition between 37 and 58% and petromyzonacil by 32%. These assay results indicate that consumption of sea lamprey offer health-benefits in addition to nutritional benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amila A. Dissanayake
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - C. Michael Wagner
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Muraleedharan G. Nair
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
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8
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Activation of Secondary Metabolism in Red Soil-Derived Streptomycetes via Co-Culture with Mycolic Acid-Containing Bacteria. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112187. [PMID: 34835313 PMCID: PMC8622677 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous research has demonstrated a promising capacity of streptomycetes isolated from red soils to produce novel secondary metabolites, most of which, however, remain to be explored. Co-culturing with mycolic acid-containing bacteria (MACB) has been used successfully in activating the secondary metabolism in Streptomyces. Here, we co-cultured 44 strains of red soil-derived streptomycetes with four MACB of different species in a pairwise manner and analyzed the secondary metabolites. The results revealed that each of the MACB strains induced changes in the metabolite profiles of 35–40 streptomycetes tested, of which 12–14 streptomycetes produced “new” metabolites that were not detected in the pure cultures. Moreover, some of the co-cultures showed additional or enhanced antimicrobial activity compared to the pure cultures, indicating that co-culture may activate the production of bioactive compounds. From the co-culture-induced metabolites, we identified 49 putative new compounds. Taking the co-culture of Streptomyces sp. FXJ1.264 and Mycobacterium sp. HX09-1 as a case, we further explored the underlying mechanism of co-culture activation and found that it most likely relied on direct physical contact between the two living bacteria. Overall, our results verify co-culture with MACB as an effective approach to discover novel natural products from red soil-derived streptomycetes.
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9
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Naturally Occurring Oxazole Structural Units as Ligands of Vanadium Catalysts for Ethylene-Norbornene (Co)polymerization. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11080923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
1,3-Oxazole and 4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazole are common structural motifs in naturally occurring peptides. A series of vanadium complexes were synthesized using VCl3(THF)3 and methyl substituted (4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-1,3-oxazoles as ligands and analyzed using NMR and MS methods. The complexes were found to be active catalysts both in ethylene polymerization and ethylene-norbornene copolymerization. The position of methyl substituent in the ligand has considerable impact on the performance of (co)polymerization reaction, as well as on the microstructure, and thus physical properties of the obtained copolymers.
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10
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Montalbán-López M, Scott TA, Ramesh S, Rahman IR, van Heel AJ, Viel JH, Bandarian V, Dittmann E, Genilloud O, Goto Y, Grande Burgos MJ, Hill C, Kim S, Koehnke J, Latham JA, Link AJ, Martínez B, Nair SK, Nicolet Y, Rebuffat S, Sahl HG, Sareen D, Schmidt EW, Schmitt L, Severinov K, Süssmuth RD, Truman AW, Wang H, Weng JK, van Wezel GP, Zhang Q, Zhong J, Piel J, Mitchell DA, Kuipers OP, van der Donk WA. New developments in RiPP discovery, enzymology and engineering. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:130-239. [PMID: 32935693 PMCID: PMC7864896 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00027b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 133.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to June 2020Ribosomally-synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) are a large group of natural products. A community-driven review in 2013 described the emerging commonalities in the biosynthesis of RiPPs and the opportunities they offered for bioengineering and genome mining. Since then, the field has seen tremendous advances in understanding of the mechanisms by which nature assembles these compounds, in engineering their biosynthetic machinery for a wide range of applications, and in the discovery of entirely new RiPP families using bioinformatic tools developed specifically for this compound class. The First International Conference on RiPPs was held in 2019, and the meeting participants assembled the current review describing new developments since 2013. The review discusses the new classes of RiPPs that have been discovered, the advances in our understanding of the installation of both primary and secondary post-translational modifications, and the mechanisms by which the enzymes recognize the leader peptides in their substrates. In addition, genome mining tools used for RiPP discovery are discussed as well as various strategies for RiPP engineering. An outlook section presents directions for future research.
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11
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Xu J, Yang H, He L, Huang L, Shen J, Li W, Zhang P. Synthesis of ( E)-Quinoxalinone Oximes through a Multicomponent Reaction under Mild Conditions. Org Lett 2020; 23:195-201. [PMID: 33354970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a novel method for the gram-scale synthesis of (E)-quinoxalinone oximes through a multicomponent reaction under mild conditions is described. Such a transformation was performed under transition-metal-free conditions, affording (E)-oximes in a moderate-to-good yield through recrystallization. Our methodology demonstrates a successful combination of a Mannich-type reaction and radical coupling, providing a green and practical approach for the synthesis of potentially bioactive quinoxalinone-containing molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Huiyong Yang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Lei He
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Lin Huang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jiabin Shen
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Wanmei Li
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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12
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Travin DY, Bikmetov D, Severinov K. Translation-Targeting RiPPs and Where to Find Them. Front Genet 2020; 11:226. [PMID: 32296456 PMCID: PMC7136475 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prokaryotic translation is among the major targets of diverse natural products with antibacterial activity including several classes of clinically relevant antibiotics. In this review, we summarize the information about the structure, biosynthesis, and modes of action of translation inhibiting ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs). Azol(in)e-containing RiPPs are known to target translation, and several new compounds inhibiting the ribosome have been characterized recently. We performed a systematic search for biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) of azol(in)e-containing RiPPs. This search uncovered several groups of clusters that likely direct the synthesis of novel compounds, some of which may be targeting the ribosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii Y Travin
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Bikmetov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin Severinov
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Waksman Institute for Microbiology, Rutgers, Piscataway, NJ, United States
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13
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Ko PJ, Woodrow C, Dubreuil MM, Martin BR, Skouta R, Bassik MC, Dixon SJ. A ZDHHC5-GOLGA7 Protein Acyltransferase Complex Promotes Nonapoptotic Cell Death. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:1716-1724.e9. [PMID: 31631010 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lethal small molecules are useful probes to discover and characterize novel cell death pathways and biochemical mechanisms. Here we report that the synthetic oxime-containing small molecule caspase-independent lethal 56 (CIL56) induces an unconventional form of nonapoptotic cell death distinct from necroptosis, ferroptosis, and other pathways. CIL56-induced cell death requires a catalytically active protein S-acyltransferase complex comprising the enzyme ZDHHC5 and an accessory subunit GOLGA7. The ZDHHC5-GOLGA7 complex is mutually stabilizing and localizes to the plasma membrane. CIL56 inhibits anterograde protein transport from the Golgi apparatus, which may be lethal in the context of ongoing ZDHHC5-GOLGA7 complex-dependent retrograde protein trafficking from the plasma membrane to internal sites. Other oxime-containing small molecules, structurally distinct from CIL56, may trigger cell death through the same pathway. These results define an unconventional form of nonapoptotic cell death regulated by protein S-acylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Joe Ko
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Claire Woodrow
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael M Dubreuil
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Brent R Martin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rachid Skouta
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Michael C Bassik
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Scott J Dixon
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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14
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Genome mining for ribosomally synthesised and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) reveals undiscovered bioactive potentials of actinobacteria. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2019; 112:1477-1499. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-019-01276-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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15
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Lu K, Wei X, Li Q, Li Y, Ji L, Hua E, Dai Y, Zhao X. Synthesis of α-trifluoromethyl ethanone oximes via the three-component reaction of aryl-substituted ethylenes, tert-butyl nitrite, and the Langlois reagent. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00940j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A three-component reaction of aryl-substituted ethylenes, tert-butyl nitrite, and the Langlois reagent to synthesize a-trifluoromethyl ethanone oximes was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Lu
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry
- College of Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Xianfu Wei
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry
- College of Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Quan Li
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry
- College of Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry
- College of Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Liangshuo Ji
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- Key laboratory of Inorganic-organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Tianjin Normal University
| | - Erbing Hua
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry
- College of Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Yujie Dai
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry
- College of Biotechnology
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Xia Zhao
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- Key laboratory of Inorganic-organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- Tianjin Normal University
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16
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Goettge MN, Cioni JP, Ju KS, Pallitsch K, Metcalf WW. PcxL and HpxL are flavin-dependent, oxime-forming N-oxidases in phosphonocystoximic acid biosynthesis in Streptomyces. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:6859-6868. [PMID: 29540479 PMCID: PMC5936822 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.001721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several oxime-containing small molecules have useful properties, including antimicrobial, insecticidal, anticancer, and immunosuppressive activities. Phosphonocystoximate and its hydroxylated congener, hydroxyphosphonocystoximate, are recently discovered oxime-containing natural products produced by Streptomyces sp. NRRL S-481 and Streptomyces regensis NRRL WC-3744, respectively. The biosynthetic pathways for these two compounds are proposed to diverge at an early step in which 2-aminoethylphosphonate (2AEPn) is converted to (S)-1-hydroxy-2-aminoethylphosphonate ((S)-1H2AEPn) in S. regensis but not in Streptomyces sp. NRRL S-481). Subsequent installation of the oxime moiety into either 2AEPn or (S)-1H2AEPn is predicted to be catalyzed by PcxL or HpxL from Streptomyces sp. NRRL S-481 and S. regensis NRRL WC-3744, respectively, whose sequence and predicted structural characteristics suggest they are unusual N-oxidases. Here, we show that recombinant PcxL and HpxL catalyze the FAD- and NADPH-dependent oxidation of 2AEPn and 1H2AEPn, producing a mixture of the respective aldoximes and nitrosylated phosphonic acid products. Measurements of catalytic efficiency indicated that PcxL has almost an equal preference for 2AEPn and (R)-1H2AEPn. 2AEPn was turned over at a 10-fold higher rate than (R)-1H2AEPn under saturating conditions, resulting in a similar but slightly lower kcat/Km We observed that (S)-1H2AEPn is a relatively poor substrate for PcxL but is clearly the preferred substrate for HpxL, consistent with the proposed biosynthetic pathway in S. regensis. HpxL also used both 2AEPn and (R)-1H2AEPn, with the latter inhibiting HpxL at high concentrations. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that PcxL and HpxL are members of a new class of oxime-forming N-oxidases that are broadly dispersed among bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle N Goettge
- From the Department of Microbiology and the Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 and
| | - Joel P Cioni
- From the Department of Microbiology and the Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 and
| | - Kou-San Ju
- From the Department of Microbiology and the Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 and
| | - Katharina Pallitsch
- the Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - William W Metcalf
- From the Department of Microbiology and the Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 and
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17
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Anderson ZJ, Hobson C, Needley R, Song L, Perryman MS, Kerby P, Fox DJ. NMR-based assignment of isoleucine vs. allo-isoleucine stereochemistry. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:9372-9378. [PMID: 29090723 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01995e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple 1H and 13C NMR spectrometric analysis is demonstrated that permits differentiation of isoleucine and allo-isoleucine residues by inspection of the chemical shift and coupling constants of the signals associated with the proton and carbon at the α-stereocentre. This is applied to the estimation of epimerisation during metal-free N-arylation and peptide coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe J Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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18
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Abstract
Ribosomally synthesized and Post-translationally modified Peptides (RiPPs) take advantage of the ribosomal translation machinery to generate linear peptides that are subsequently modified with heterocycles and/or macrocycles to impose three-dimensional structure and thwart degradation by proteases. Although RiPP precursors are limited to proteinogenic amino acids, post-translational modifications (PTMs) can alter the structure of individual amino acids and thereby improve the stability and biological activity of the molecule. These "tailoring modifications" often occur on amino acid side chains-for example, hydroxylation, methylation, halogenation, prenylation, and acylation-but can also take place within the backbone, as in epimerization, or can result in capping of the N- or C-terminus. At one extreme, these modifications can be essential to the activity of the RiPP, either as a compulsory step in reaching the final molecule or by imparting chemical functionality required for biological activity. At the other extreme, tailoring PTMs may have little effect on the activity in an in vitro setting-possibly because of test conditions that do not match the biological context in which the PTMs evolved. Establishing the molecular basis for the function of tailoring PTMs often requires a three-dimensional structure of the RiPP bound to its biological target. These structures have revealed roles for tailoring PTMs that include providing additional hydrogen bonds to targets, rigidifying the RiPP structure to reduce the entropic cost of binding, or altering the secondary structure of the peptide backbone. Bacterial RiPPs are particularly suited to structural characterization, as they are relatively easy to isolate from laboratory cultures or to produce in a heterologous host. The identification of new tailoring PTMs within bacteria is also facilitated by clustering of the genes encoding tailoring enzymes with those of the RiPP precursor and primary modification enzymes. In this Account, we describe the effects of tailoring PTMs on RiPP structure, their interactions with biological targets, and their influence on RiPP stability, with a focus on bacterial RiPP classes. We also discuss the enzymes that generate tailoring PTMs and highlight examples of and prospects for engineering of RiPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Funk
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
and Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Wilfred A. van der Donk
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
and Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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19
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Zhang Q, Li H, Yu L, Sun Y, Zhu Y, Zhu H, Zhang L, Li SM, Shen Y, Tian C, Li A, Liu HW, Zhang C. Characterization of the flavoenzyme XiaK as an N-hydroxylase and implications in indolosesquiterpene diversification. Chem Sci 2017; 8:5067-5077. [PMID: 28970893 PMCID: PMC5613243 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc01182b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavoenzymes are ubiquitous in biological systems and catalyze a diverse range of chemical transformations.
Flavoenzymes are ubiquitous in biological systems and catalyze a diverse range of chemical transformations. The flavoenzyme XiaK from the biosynthetic pathway of the indolosesquiterpene xiamycin A is demonstrated to mediate the in vivo biotransformation of xiamycin A into multiple products, including a chlorinated adduct as well as dimers characterized by C–N and N–N linkages that are hypothesized to form via radical-based mechanisms. Isolation and characterization of XiaK in vitro shows that it acts as a flavin-dependent N-hydroxylase that catalyzes the hydroxylation of xiamycin A at the carbazole nitrogen to form N-hydroxyxiamycin, a product which was overlooked in earlier in vivo experiments because its chemical and chromatographic properties are similar to those of oxiamycin. N-Hydroxyxiamycin is shown to be unstable under aerobic conditions, and characterization by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy demonstrates formation of an N-hydroxycarbazole radical adduct. This radical species is proposed to serve as a key intermediate leading to the formation of the multiple xiamycin A adducts. This study suggests that non-enzyme catalyzed reactions may play a greater role in the biosynthesis of natural products than has been previously recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbo Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology , Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica , South China Sea Institute of Oceanology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road , Guangzhou 510301 , China . ;
| | - Huixian Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology , Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica , South China Sea Institute of Oceanology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road , Guangzhou 510301 , China . ; .,Institute of Marine Natural Products , School of Marine Sciences , South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center , Sun Yat-sen University , 135 West Xingang Road , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Lu Yu
- Hefei National Laboratory of Microscale Physical Sciences , School of Life Science , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , 230027 , China.,High Magnetic Field Laboratory , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , 230031 , P. R. China
| | - Yu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Yiguang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology , Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica , South China Sea Institute of Oceanology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road , Guangzhou 510301 , China . ;
| | - Hanning Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology , Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica , South China Sea Institute of Oceanology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road , Guangzhou 510301 , China . ;
| | - Liping Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology , Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica , South China Sea Institute of Oceanology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road , Guangzhou 510301 , China . ;
| | - Shu-Ming Li
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Deutschhausstrasse 17a , 35037 Marburg , Germany
| | - Yuemao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology , School of Life Science , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China
| | - Changlin Tian
- Hefei National Laboratory of Microscale Physical Sciences , School of Life Science , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , 230027 , China.,High Magnetic Field Laboratory , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , 230031 , P. R. China
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Hung-Wen Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry , College of Pharmacy , Department of Chemistry , University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX 78712 , USA .
| | - Changsheng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology , Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica , South China Sea Institute of Oceanology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road , Guangzhou 510301 , China . ;
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20
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Waldman AJ, Ng TL, Wang P, Balskus EP. Heteroatom-Heteroatom Bond Formation in Natural Product Biosynthesis. Chem Rev 2017; 117:5784-5863. [PMID: 28375000 PMCID: PMC5534343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural products that contain functional groups with heteroatom-heteroatom linkages (X-X, where X = N, O, S, and P) are a small yet intriguing group of metabolites. The reactivity and diversity of these structural motifs has captured the interest of synthetic and biological chemists alike. Functional groups containing X-X bonds are found in all major classes of natural products and often impart significant biological activity. This review presents our current understanding of the biosynthetic logic and enzymatic chemistry involved in the construction of X-X bond containing functional groups within natural products. Elucidating and characterizing biosynthetic pathways that generate X-X bonds could both provide tools for biocatalysis and synthetic biology, as well as guide efforts to uncover new natural products containing these structural features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham J. Waldman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
| | - Tai L. Ng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
| | - Emily P. Balskus
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
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21
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Burkhart BJ, Schwalen CJ, Mann G, Naismith JH, Mitchell DA. YcaO-Dependent Posttranslational Amide Activation: Biosynthesis, Structure, and Function. Chem Rev 2017; 117:5389-5456. [PMID: 28256131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
With advances in sequencing technology, uncharacterized proteins and domains of unknown function (DUFs) are rapidly accumulating in sequence databases and offer an opportunity to discover new protein chemistry and reaction mechanisms. The focus of this review, the formerly enigmatic YcaO superfamily (DUF181), has been found to catalyze a unique phosphorylation of a ribosomal peptide backbone amide upon attack by different nucleophiles. Established nucleophiles are the side chains of Cys, Ser, and Thr which gives rise to azoline/azole biosynthesis in ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptide (RiPP) natural products. However, much remains unknown about the potential for YcaO proteins to collaborate with other nucleophiles. Recent work suggests potential in forming thioamides, macroamidines, and possibly additional post-translational modifications. This review covers all knowledge through mid-2016 regarding the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), natural products, functions, mechanisms, and applications of YcaO proteins and outlines likely future research directions for this protein superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Greg Mann
- Biomedical Science Research Complex, University of St Andrews , BSRC North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - James H Naismith
- Biomedical Science Research Complex, University of St Andrews , BSRC North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University , Sichuan, China
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22
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Sardar D, Hao Y, Lin Z, Morita M, Nair SK, Schmidt EW. Enzymatic N- and C-Protection in Cyanobactin RiPP Natural Products. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:2884-2887. [PMID: 28195477 PMCID: PMC5764894 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent innovations in peptide natural product biosynthesis reveal a surprising wealth of previously uncharacterized biochemical reactions that have potential applications in synthetic biology. Among these, the cyanobactins are noteworthy because these peptides are protected at their N- and C-termini by macrocyclization. Here, we use a novel bifunctional enzyme AgeMTPT to protect linear peptides by attaching prenyl and methyl groups at their free N- and C-termini. Using this peptide protectase in combination with other modular biosynthetic enzymes, we describe the total synthesis of the natural product aeruginosamide B and the biosynthesis of linear cyanobactin natural products. Our studies help to define the enzymatic mechanism of macrocyclization, providing evidence against the water exclusion hypothesis of transpeptidation and favoring the kinetic lability hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debosmita Sardar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Yue Hao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois
| | - Zhenjian Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Maho Morita
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Satish K. Nair
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois
| | - Eric W. Schmidt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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23
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Abstract
A personal selection of 32 recent papers is presented covering various aspects of current developments in bioorganic chemistry and novel natural products such as guajavadimer A 7 from leaves of Psidium guajava.
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24
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Abstract
The first total syntheses of newly isolated polyazole natural products azolemycins A–D, along with the synthesis of the tetra-oxazole non-natural analogue, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David J. Fox
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
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