1
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Kremer R, Roth S, Bross A, Danielli A, Noam Y. Using Temporally and Spatially Resolved Measurements to Improve the Sensitivity of Fluorescence-Based Immunoassays. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:220. [PMID: 38785694 PMCID: PMC11117981 DOI: 10.3390/bios14050220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Detecting low concentrations of biomarkers is essential in clinical laboratories. To improve analytical sensitivity, especially in identifying fluorescently labeled molecules, typical optical detection systems, consisting of a photodetector or camera, utilize time-resolved measurements. Taking a different approach, magnetic modulation biosensing (MMB) is a novel technology that combines fluorescently labeled probes and magnetic particles to create a sandwich assay with the target molecules. By concentrating the target molecules and then using time-resolved measurements, MMB provides the rapid and highly sensitive detection of various biomarkers. Here, we propose a novel signal-processing algorithm that enhances the detection and estimation of target molecules at low concentrations. By incorporating both temporally and spatially resolved measurements using human interleukin-8 as a target molecule, we show that the new algorithm provides a 2-4-fold improvement in the limit of detection and an ~25% gain in quantitative resolution.
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2
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Yogev D, Goldberg T, Arami A, Tejman-Yarden S, Winkler TE, Maoz BM. Current state of the art and future directions for implantable sensors in medical technology: Clinical needs and engineering challenges. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:031506. [PMID: 37781727 PMCID: PMC10539032 DOI: 10.1063/5.0152290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Implantable sensors have revolutionized the way we monitor biophysical and biochemical parameters by enabling real-time closed-loop intervention or therapy. These technologies align with the new era of healthcare known as healthcare 5.0, which encompasses smart disease control and detection, virtual care, intelligent health management, smart monitoring, and decision-making. This review explores the diverse biomedical applications of implantable temperature, mechanical, electrophysiological, optical, and electrochemical sensors. We delve into the engineering principles that serve as the foundation for their development. We also address the challenges faced by researchers and designers in bridging the gap between implantable sensor research and their clinical adoption by emphasizing the importance of careful consideration of clinical requirements and engineering challenges. We highlight the need for future research to explore issues such as long-term performance, biocompatibility, and power sources, as well as the potential for implantable sensors to transform healthcare across multiple disciplines. It is evident that implantable sensors have immense potential in the field of medical technology. However, the gap between research and clinical adoption remains wide, and there are still major obstacles to overcome before they can become a widely adopted part of medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ben M. Maoz
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
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3
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Gauthier NPG, Chorlton SD, Krajden M, Manges AR. Agnostic Sequencing for Detection of Viral Pathogens. Clin Microbiol Rev 2023; 36:e0011922. [PMID: 36847515 PMCID: PMC10035330 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00119-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies has expanded our ability to detect and analyze microbial genomes and has yielded novel molecular approaches for infectious disease diagnostics. While several targeted multiplex PCR and NGS-based assays have been widely used in public health settings in recent years, these targeted approaches are limited in that they still rely on a priori knowledge of a pathogen's genome, and an untargeted or unknown pathogen will not be detected. Recent public health crises have emphasized the need to prepare for a wide and rapid deployment of an agnostic diagnostic assay at the start of an outbreak to ensure an effective response to emerging viral pathogens. Metagenomic techniques can nonspecifically sequence all detectable nucleic acids in a sample and therefore do not rely on prior knowledge of a pathogen's genome. While this technology has been reviewed for bacterial diagnostics and adopted in research settings for the detection and characterization of viruses, viral metagenomics has yet to be widely deployed as a diagnostic tool in clinical laboratories. In this review, we highlight recent improvements to the performance of metagenomic viral sequencing, the current applications of metagenomic sequencing in clinical laboratories, as well as the challenges that impede the widespread adoption of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick P. G. Gauthier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Mel Krajden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amee R. Manges
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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4
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Deng L, Han Y, Wang J, Liu H, Li G, Wang D, He G. Epidemiological Characteristics of Notifiable Respiratory Infectious Diseases in Mainland China from 2010 to 2018. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3946. [PMID: 36900957 PMCID: PMC10002032 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory infectious diseases (RIDs) pose threats to people's health, some of which are serious public health problems. The aim of our study was to explore epidemic situations regarding notifiable RIDs and the epidemiological characteristics of the six most common RIDs in mainland China. We first collected the surveillance data of all 12 statutory notifiable RIDs for 31 provinces in mainland China that reported between 2010 and 2018, and then the six most prevalent RIDs were selected to analyze their temporal, seasonal, spatiotemporal and population distribution characteristics. From 2010 to 2018, there were 13,985,040 notifiable cases and 25,548 deaths from RIDs in mainland China. The incidence rate of RIDs increased from 109.85/100,000 in 2010 to 140.85/100,000 in 2018. The mortality from RIDs ranged from 0.18/100,000 to 0.24/100,000. The most common RIDs in class B were pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), pertussis, and measles, while those in class C were seasonal influenza, mumps and rubella. From 2010 to 2018, the incidence rate of PTB and rubella decreased; however, pertussis and seasonal influenza increased, with irregular changes in measles and mumps. The mortality from PTB increased from 2015 to 2018, and the mortality from seasonal influenza changed irregularly. PTB was mainly prevalent among people over 15 years old, while the other five common RIDs mostly occurred among people younger than 15 years old. The incidence of the six common RIDs mostly occurred in winter and spring, and they were spatiotemporally clustered in different areas and periods. In conclusion, PTB, seasonal influenza and mumps remain as public health problems in China, suggesting that continuous government input, more precise interventions, and a high-tech digital/intelligent surveillance and warning system are required to rapidly identify emerging events and timely response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Deng
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yajun Han
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jinlong Wang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Haican Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Guilian Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Dayan Wang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Guangxue He
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
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5
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Everitt ML, Boegner DJ, White IM. Sample-to-Answer Immuno-Magnetic Assay Using Thermally Responsive Alkane Partitions. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1030. [PMID: 36421148 PMCID: PMC9688217 DOI: 10.3390/bios12111030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To combat pandemics, there is a need for rapid point-of-care diagnostics to identify infected patients and to track the spread of the disease. While recent progress has been made in response to COVID-19, there continues to be a need for point-of-care diagnostics capable of detecting biomarkers-such as antibodies-in whole blood. We have recently reported the development of thermally responsive alkane partitions (TRAPs) for the automation of point-of-care immuno-magnetic assays. Here, we demonstrate the use of TRAPs to enable sample-to-answer detection of antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 virus in whole blood samples. We report a limit of detection of 84 pg/mL, well below the clinically relevant threshold. We anticipate that the TRAP-enabled sample-to-answer immunoassay can be used to track the progression of future pandemics, leading to a more informed and robust clinical and societal response.
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6
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Kaur H, Siwal SS, Saini RV, Singh N, Thakur VK. Significance of an Electrochemical Sensor and Nanocomposites: Toward the Electrocatalytic Detection of Neurotransmitters and Their Importance within the Physiological System. ACS NANOSCIENCE AU 2022; 3:1-27. [PMID: 37101467 PMCID: PMC10125382 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.2c00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A prominent neurotransmitter (NT), dopamine (DA), is a chemical messenger that transmits signals between one neuron to the next to pass on a signal to and from the central nervous system (CNS). The imbalanced concentration of DA may cause numerous neurological sicknesses and syndromes, for example, Parkinson's disease (PD) and schizophrenia. There are many types of NTs in the brain, including epinephrine, norepinephrine (NE), serotonin, and glutamate. Electrochemical sensors have offered a creative direction to biomedical analysis and testing. Researches are in progress to improve the performance of sensors and develop new protocols for sensor design. This review article focuses on the area of sensor growth to discover the applicability of polymers and metallic particles and composite materials as tools in electrochemical sensor surface incorporation. Electrochemical sensors have attracted the attention of researchers as they possess high sensitivity, quick reaction rate, good controllability, and instantaneous detection. Efficient complex materials provide considerable benefits for biological detection as they have exclusive chemical and physical properties. Due to distinctive electrocatalytic characteristics, metallic nanoparticles add fascinating traits to materials that depend on the material's morphology and size. Herein, we have collected much information on NTs and their importance within the physiological system. Furthermore, the electrochemical sensors and corresponding techniques (such as voltammetric, amperometry, impedance, and chronoamperometry) and the different types of electrodes' roles in the analysis of NTs are discussed. Furthermore, other methods for detecting NTs include optical and microdialysis methods. Finally, we show the advantages and disadvantages of different techniques and conclude remarks with future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harjot Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, M.M. Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Samarjeet Singh Siwal
- Department of Chemistry, M.M. Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Reena V. Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Nirankar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, M.M. Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, United Kingdom
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
- Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab 140413, India
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7
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Roth S, Ideses D, Juven-Gershon T, Danielli A. Rapid Biosensing Method for Detecting Protein-DNA Interactions. ACS Sens 2022; 7:60-70. [PMID: 34979074 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Identifying and investigating protein-DNA interactions, which play significant roles in many biological processes, is essential for basic and clinical research. Current techniques for identification of protein-DNA interactions are laborious, time-consuming, and suffer from nonspecific binding and limited sensitivity. To overcome these challenges and assess protein-DNA interactions, we use a magnetic modulation biosensing (MMB) system. In MMB, one of the interacting elements (protein or DNA) is immobilized to magnetic beads, and the other is coupled to a fluorescent molecule. Thus, the link between the magnetic bead and the fluorescent molecule is established only when binding occurs, enabling detection of the protein-DNA interaction. Using magnetic forces, the beads are concentrated and manipulated in a periodic motion in and out of a laser beam, producing a detectable oscillating signal. Using MMB, we detected protein-DNA interactions between short GC-rich DNA sequences and both a purified specificity protein 1 (Sp1) and an overexpressed Buttonhead (BTD) protein in a cell lysate. The specificity of the interactions was assessed using mutated DNA sequences and competition experiments. The assays were experimentally compared with commonly used electrophoretic mobility shift assay, which takes approximately 4-72 h. In comparison, the MMB-based assay's turnaround time is ∼2 h, and it provides unambiguous results and quantitative measures of performance. The MMB system uses simple and cheap components, making it an attractive alternative method over current costly and time-consuming techniques for analyzing protein-DNA interactions. Therefore, we anticipate that the MMB-based technique will significantly advance the detection of protein-DNA interactions in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira Roth
- Faculty of Engineering, The Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Max and Anna Webb Street, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Diana Ideses
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Max and Anna Webb Street, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Tamar Juven-Gershon
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Max and Anna Webb Street, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Amos Danielli
- Faculty of Engineering, The Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Max and Anna Webb Street, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
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8
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Avivi-Mintz S, Lustig Y, Indenbaum V, Schwartz E, Danielli A. Highly Sensitive and Specific SARS-CoV-2 Serological Assay Using a Magnetic Modulation Biosensing System. BIOSENSORS 2021; 12:7. [PMID: 35049635 PMCID: PMC8773989 DOI: 10.3390/bios12010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive serological assays are needed to provide valuable information about acute and past viral infections. For example, detection of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgG antibodies could serve as the basis for an "immunity passport" that would enable individuals to travel internationally. Here, utilizing a novel Magnetic Modulation Biosensing (MMB) system and the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, we demonstrate a highly sensitive and specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG serological assay. Using anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies, RT-qPCR SARS-CoV-2-positive and healthy patients' samples, and vaccinees' samples, we compare the MMB-based SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay's analytical and clinical sensitivities to those of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Compared with ELISA, the MMB-based assay has an ~6-fold lower limit of detection (129 ng/L vs. 817 ng/L), and it detects an increase in the IgG concentration much earlier after vaccination. Using 85 RT-qPCR SARS-CoV-2-positive samples and 79 -negative samples, the MMB-based assay demonstrated similar clinical specificity (98% vs. 99%) and sensitivity (93% vs. 92%) to the ELISA test, but with a much faster turnaround time (45 min vs. 245 min). The high analytical and clinical sensitivity, short turnaround time, and simplicity of the MMB-based assay makes it a preferred method for antibody detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira Avivi-Mintz
- Faculty of Engineering, The Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Max and Anna Webb Street, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel;
| | - Yaniv Lustig
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel; (Y.L.); (V.I.)
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
| | - Victoria Indenbaum
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel; (Y.L.); (V.I.)
| | - Eli Schwartz
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
- The Center for Geographic Medicine, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel
| | - Amos Danielli
- Faculty of Engineering, The Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Max and Anna Webb Street, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel;
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9
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Wilson BD, Eisenstein M, Soh HT. Comparing assays via the resolution of molecular concentration. Nat Biomed Eng 2021; 6:227-231. [PMID: 34934175 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-021-00832-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon D Wilson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael Eisenstein
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - H Tom Soh
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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10
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Rosati G, Idili A, Parolo C, Fuentes-Chust C, Calucho E, Hu L, Castro e Silva CDC, Rivas L, Nguyen EP, Bergua JF, Alvárez-Diduk R, Muñoz J, Junot C, Penon O, Monferrer D, Delamarche E, Merkoçi A. Nanodiagnostics to Face SARS-CoV-2 and Future Pandemics: From an Idea to the Market and Beyond. ACS NANO 2021; 15:17137-17149. [PMID: 34705433 PMCID: PMC8565461 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c06839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic made clear how our society requires quickly available tools to address emerging healthcare issues. Diagnostic assays and devices are used every day to screen for COVID-19 positive patients, with the aim to decide the appropriate treatment and containment measures. In this context, we would have expected to see the use of the most recent diagnostic technologies worldwide, including the advanced ones such as nano-biosensors capable to provide faster, more sensitive, cheaper, and high-throughput results than the standard polymerase chain reaction and lateral flow assays. Here we discuss why that has not been the case and why all the exciting diagnostic strategies published on a daily basis in peer-reviewed journals are not yet successful in reaching the market and being implemented in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Rosati
- Institut
Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Edifici ICN2 Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Idili
- Institut
Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Edifici ICN2 Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudio Parolo
- Institut
Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Edifici ICN2 Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Celia Fuentes-Chust
- Institut
Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Edifici ICN2 Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enric Calucho
- Institut
Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Edifici ICN2 Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Liming Hu
- Institut
Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Edifici ICN2 Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cecilia de Carvalho Castro e Silva
- Institut
Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Edifici ICN2 Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- MackGraphe-Mackenzie
Institute for Research in Graphene and Nanotechnologies, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Consolação street 930, 01302-907 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lourdes Rivas
- Institut
Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Edifici ICN2 Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emily P. Nguyen
- Institut
Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Edifici ICN2 Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José F. Bergua
- Institut
Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Edifici ICN2 Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruslan Alvárez-Diduk
- Institut
Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Edifici ICN2 Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Muñoz
- Institut
Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Edifici ICN2 Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- ISGlobal-Barcelona
Institute for Global Health, Carrer del Rosselló, 132, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christophe Junot
- Université
Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE Departement Médicaments
et Technologies pour la Santé SPI, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Oriol Penon
- Asphalion, Carrer de Tarragona 151-157, 08014 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Arben Merkoçi
- Institut
Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Edifici ICN2 Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Everitt ML, Boegner DJ, Birukov KG, White IM. Sample-to-Answer Diagnostic System for the Detection of Circulating Histones in Whole Blood. ACS Sens 2021; 6:3006-3012. [PMID: 34270219 PMCID: PMC10993011 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Severe internal trauma results in millions of hospitalizations each year, including thousands of deaths caused by subsequent multiple organ failure. The majority of these deaths occur within the first 24 h, and thus, rapid diagnosis of internal trauma severity is necessary for immediate treatment. For early organ damage identification, diagnosis in point-of-care settings is crucial for rapid triage and treatment. Recent reports suggest that circulating histones may serve as a biomarker for severe organ damage and the risk of multiple organ failure. Here, we report a point-of-care diagnostic system that utilizes the inherent interactions between histones and DNA for the fluorescence-based detection of histones in whole blood. In the assay, histones within the sample are wrapped by DNA, thus preventing an intercalating dye from binding the DNA and fluorescing. To allow for quantitative fluorescent measurements to be made in a point-of-care setting, we integrate a rapid, automated blood separation step into our assay. Furthermore, we eliminate manual reagent additions using a thermally responsive alkane partition (TRAP), thus making the system sample-to-answer. Finally, we demonstrate the assay in a portable fluorescence reader compatible with a point-of-care environment. We report a limit of detection 112 ng/mL in whole blood, suggesting that our device can be used to rapidly diagnose internal trauma severity and the likelihood of multiple organ failure in near-patient settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela L Everitt
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park 20740, United States
| | - David J Boegner
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park 20740, United States
| | - Konstantin G Birukov
- Anesthesiology Department, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore 21201, United States
| | - Ian M White
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park 20740, United States
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12
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Rutherford JW, Larson T, Gould T, Seto E, Novosselov IV, Posner JD. Source Apportionment of Environmental Combustion Sources using Excitation Emission Matrix Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Machine Learning. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT (OXFORD, ENGLAND : 1994) 2021; 259:118501. [PMID: 34321954 PMCID: PMC8312701 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The link between particulate matter (PM) air pollution and negative health effects is well-established. Air pollution was estimated to cause 4.9 million deaths in 2017 and PM was responsible for 94% of these deaths. In order to inform effective mitigation strategies in the future, further study of PM and its health effects is important. Here, we present a method for identifying sources of combustion generated PM using excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy and machine learning (ML) algorithms. PM samples were collected during a health effects exposure assessment panel study in Seattle. We use archived field samples from the exposure study and the associated positive matrix factorization (PMF) source apportionment based on X-ray fluorescence and light absorbing carbon measurements to train convolutional neural network and principal component regression algorithms. We show EEM spectra from cyclohexane extracts of the archived filter samples can be used to accurately apportion mobile and vegetative burning sources but were unable to detect crustal dust, Cl-rich, secondary sulfate and fuel oil sources. The use of this EEM-ML approach may be used to conduct PM exposure studies that include source apportionment of combustion sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay W. Rutherford
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA, United States
| | - Timothy Larson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA, United States
| | - Timothy Gould
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA, United States
| | - Edmund Seto
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA, United States
| | - Igor V. Novosselov
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA, United States
| | - Jonathan D. Posner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA, United States
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA, United States
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13
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Roth S, Danielli A. Rapid and Sensitive Inhibitor Screening Using Magnetically Modulated Biosensors. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21144814. [PMID: 34300555 PMCID: PMC8309820 DOI: 10.3390/s21144814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitor screening is an important tool for drug development, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The most used in vitro inhibitor screening tool is an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). However, ELISA-based inhibitor screening is time consuming and has a limited dynamic range. Using fluorescently and magnetically modulated biosensors (MMB), we developed a rapid and sensitive inhibitor screening tool. This study demonstrates its performance by screening small molecules and neutralizing antibodies as potential inhibitors of the interaction between the spike protein 1 (S1) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. The MMB-based assay is highly sensitive, has minimal non-specific binding, and is much faster than the commonly used ELISA (2 h vs. 7–24 h). We anticipate that our method will lead to a remarkable advance in screening for new drug candidates.
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14
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Martinez-Liu C, Martínez-Acuña N, Arellanos-Soto D, Galan-Huerta K, Lozano-Sepulveda S, Martínez-Guzmán MDC, Rivas-Estilla AM. SARS-CoV-2 in Mexico: Beyond Detection Methods, Scope and Limitations. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:124. [PMID: 33466884 PMCID: PMC7830507 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The new coronavirus that was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan China, now called SARS-CoV-2, which causes the disease called COVID-19, has spread from China to the entire world in a few months. Due to its contagious potential (R0: 5.7) and because there is still no effective treatment to stop the infection, and a vaccine for prevention it is not yet available to the general population, COVID-19 is currently considered a global health problem. The need to implement sensitive methods for the identification of individuals with COVID-19 has led to the development of different molecular and immunological tests. The importance of a timely and accurate diagnosis is essential to determine the course of the pandemic. The interpretation of the results obtained by each test as well as the factors that affect these results have not been fully described. In this review, we describe and analyze the different SARS-CoV-2 detection methods that have been performed in Mexico and are available worldwide, outlining their strengths and weaknesses. Further, a broader perspective of the correct use and interpretation of the results obtained with these diagnostic tools is proposed to improve the containment strategy and identify the true impact of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Martinez-Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Hospital Universitario “Dr. Jose E. Gonzalez”, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico; (C.M.-L.); (N.M.-A.); (D.A.-S.); (K.G.-H.); (S.L.-S.)
| | - Natalia Martínez-Acuña
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Hospital Universitario “Dr. Jose E. Gonzalez”, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico; (C.M.-L.); (N.M.-A.); (D.A.-S.); (K.G.-H.); (S.L.-S.)
| | - Daniel Arellanos-Soto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Hospital Universitario “Dr. Jose E. Gonzalez”, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico; (C.M.-L.); (N.M.-A.); (D.A.-S.); (K.G.-H.); (S.L.-S.)
| | - Kame Galan-Huerta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Hospital Universitario “Dr. Jose E. Gonzalez”, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico; (C.M.-L.); (N.M.-A.); (D.A.-S.); (K.G.-H.); (S.L.-S.)
| | - Sonia Lozano-Sepulveda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Hospital Universitario “Dr. Jose E. Gonzalez”, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico; (C.M.-L.); (N.M.-A.); (D.A.-S.); (K.G.-H.); (S.L.-S.)
| | | | - Ana Maria Rivas-Estilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Hospital Universitario “Dr. Jose E. Gonzalez”, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico; (C.M.-L.); (N.M.-A.); (D.A.-S.); (K.G.-H.); (S.L.-S.)
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15
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Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid Detection Using Molecularly Imprinted Polyaniline on a Paper Substrate. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20247301. [PMID: 33352634 PMCID: PMC7765859 DOI: 10.3390/s20247301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Perfluorinated compounds like perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) are synthetic water pollutants and have accumulated in environments for decades, causing a serious global health issue. Conventional assays rely on liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy that are very expensive and complicated and thus limit the large-scale monitoring of PFOS in wastewater. To achieve low-cost and accurate detection of PFOS, we designed a paper-based sensor with molecularly imprinted polyaniline electrodes that have recognition sites specific to PFOS. The calibration curve of resistivity ratios as a function of PFOS concentrations has a linear range from 1 to 100 ppt with a coefficient of determination of 0.995. The estimated limit of detection is 1.02 ppt. We also investigated attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of the surface of the polyaniline (PANI) electrodes to propose the potential recognition sites in polyaniline matrix and the detection mechanism. This electrical paper sensor with low cost and excellent sensitivity and selectivity provides the potential for large-scale monitoring of wastewater.
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16
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Wilson BD, Soh HT. Re-Evaluating the Conventional Wisdom about Binding Assays. Trends Biochem Sci 2020; 45:639-649. [PMID: 32402748 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Analytical technologies based on binding assays have evolved substantially since their inception nearly 60 years ago, but our conceptual understanding of molecular recognition has not kept pace. Contemporary technologies, such as single-molecule and digital measurements, have challenged, or even rendered obsolete, core concepts behind conventional binding assay design. Here, we explore the fundamental principles underlying molecular recognition systems, which we consider in terms of signals generated through concentration-dependent shifts in equilibrium. We challenge certain orthodoxies related to binding-based detection assays, including the primary importance of a low dissociation constant (KD) and the extent to which this parameter constrains dynamic range and limit of detection. Lastly, we identify key principles for designing binding assays that are optimally suited for a given detection application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon D Wilson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - H Tom Soh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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17
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Chen Z, Wright C, Dincel O, Chi TY, Kameoka J. A Low-Cost Paper Glucose Sensor with Molecularly Imprinted Polyaniline Electrode. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E1098. [PMID: 32079357 PMCID: PMC7070806 DOI: 10.3390/s20041098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
For the hundreds of millions of worldwide diabetic patients, glucose test strips are the most important and commonly used tool for monitoring blood glucose levels. Commercial test strips use glucose oxidases as recognition agents, which increases the cost and reduces the durability of test strips. To lower the cost of glucose sensors, we developed a paper-based electrical sensor with molecularly imprinted glucose recognition sites and demonstrated the determination of various glucose concentrations in bovine blood solutions. The sensing electrode is integrated with molecular recognition sites in the conductive polymer. A calibration graph as a function of glucose concentration in aqueous solution was acquired and matched with a correlation coefficient of 0.989. We also demonstrated the determination of the added glucose concentrations ranging from 2.2 to 11.1 mM in bovine blood samples with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.984. This non-enzymatic glucose sensor has the potential to reduce the health care cost of test strips as well as make glucose sensor test strips more accessible to underserved communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyuan Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA; (Z.C.); (C.W.); (O.D.)
| | - Christopher Wright
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA; (Z.C.); (C.W.); (O.D.)
| | - Onder Dincel
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA; (Z.C.); (C.W.); (O.D.)
| | - Ting-Yen Chi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA;
| | - Jun Kameoka
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA; (Z.C.); (C.W.); (O.D.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA;
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18
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Michelson Y, Lustig Y, Avivi S, Schwartz E, Danielli A. Highly Sensitive and Specific Zika Virus Serological Assays Using a Magnetic Modulation Biosensing System. J Infect Dis 2020; 219:1035-1043. [PMID: 30335151 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zika virus has created global alarm because it has been associated with catastrophic fetal abnormalities, including microcephaly, spontaneous abortion, and intrauterine growth restriction. Current serological assays that detect antiviral antibodies suffer from low sensitivity and high cross-reactivity among different flaviviruses. METHODS In this study, utilizing a novel magnetic modulation biosensing (MMB) system and the Zika nonstructural 1 protein, we show highly sensitive and specific Zika serological assays. We blindly tested 60 reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction Zika-positive samples and healthy patients' serum samples, as well as 44 serum samples from enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) West Nile- and dengue-positive patients. The Zika-positive samples were collected from Israeli travelers returning from Zika-endemic areas. RESULTS The MMB Zika assays have 88%-97% sensitivity, much higher than the current state-of-the-art EUROIMMUN ELISA assays (38%-74%). In addition, the specificity is 100%, and the cross-reactivity with West Nile and dengue viruses is minimal (0%-4%). Furthermore, the MMB assays detected Zika IgM antibodies as early as 5 days and as late as 180 days postsymptoms onset, significantly extending the number of days that the antibodies are detectable. CONCLUSIONS The sensitivity, specificity, and simplicity of the MMB assays may significantly improve Zika diagnosis and provide accurate results for public health agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yaniv Lustig
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Shira Avivi
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Eli Schwartz
- The Center for Geographic Medicine, the Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Amos Danielli
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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19
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Rutherford JW, Dawson-Elli N, Manicone AM, Korshin GV, Novosselov IV, Seto E, Posner JD. Excitation Emission Matrix Fluorescence Spectroscopy for Combustion Generated Particulate Matter Source Identification. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT (OXFORD, ENGLAND : 1994) 2020; 220:117065. [PMID: 32256182 PMCID: PMC7111209 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The inhalation of particulate matter (PM) is a significant health risk associated with reduced life expectancy due to increased cardio-pulmonary disease and exacerbation of respiratory diseases such as asthma and pneumonia. PM originates from natural and anthropogenic sources including combustion engines, cigarettes, agricultural burning, and forest fires. Identifying the source of PM can inform effective mitigation strategies and policies, but this is difficult to do using current techniques. Here we present a method for identifying PM source using excitation emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy and a machine learning algorithm. We collected combustion generated PM2.5 from wood burning, diesel exhaust, and cigarettes using filters. Filters were weighted to determine mass concentration followed by extraction into cyclohexane and analysis by EEM fluorescence spectroscopy. Spectra obtained from each source served as training data for a convolutional neural network (CNN) used for source identification in mixed samples. This method can predict the presence or absence of the three laboratory sources with an overall accuracy of 89% when the threshold for classifying a source as present is 1.1 μg/m3 in air over a 24-hour sampling time. The limit of detection for cigarette, diesel and wood are 0.7, 2.6, 0.9 μg/m3, respectively, in air assuming a 24-hour sampling time at an air sampling rate of 1.8 liters per minute. We applied the CNN algorithm developed using the laboratory training data to a small set of field samples and found the algorithm was effective in some cases but would require a training data set containing more samples to be more broadly applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay W. Rutherford
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine University of Washington
| | - Neal Dawson-Elli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine University of Washington
| | - Anne. M. Manicone
- Department of Medicine: Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine University of Washington
| | - Gregory V. Korshin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine University of Washington
| | - Igor V. Novosselov
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine University of Washington
| | - Edmund Seto
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine University of Washington
| | - Jonathan D. Posner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine University of Washington
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine University of Washington
- Department of Family Medicine, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine University of Washington
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20
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Bradbury DW, Kita AE, Hirota K, St John MA, Kamei DT. Rapid Diagnostic Test Kit for Point-of-Care Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Detection. SLAS Technol 2019; 25:67-74. [PMID: 31544595 DOI: 10.1177/2472630319877377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks can occur when there is communication between the intracranial cavities and the external environment. They are a common and serious complication of numerous procedures in otolaryngology, and if not treated, persistent leaks can increase a patient's risk of developing life-threatening complications such as meningitis. As it is not uncommon for patients to exhibit increased secretions postoperatively, distinguishing normal secretions from those containing CSF can be difficult. Currently, there are no proven, available tests that allow a medical provider concerned about a CSF leak to inexpensively, rapidly, and noninvasively rule out the presence of a leak. The gold standard laboratory-based test requires that a sample be sent to a tertiary site for analysis, where days to weeks may pass before results return. To address this, our group recently developed a semiquantitative, barcode-style lateral-flow immunoassay (LFA) for the quantification of the beta-trace protein, which has been reported to be an indicator of the presence of CSF leaks. In the work presented here, we created a rapid diagnostic test kit composed of our LFA, a collection swab, dilution buffers, disposable pipettes, and instructions. Validation studies demonstrated excellent predictive capabilities of this kit in distinguishing between clinical specimens containing CSF and those that did not. Our diagnostic kit for CSF leak detection can be operated by an untrained user, does not require any external equipment, and can be performed in approximately 20 min, making it well suited for use at the point of care. This kit has the potential to transform patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Bradbury
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ashley E Kita
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kensuke Hirota
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maie A St John
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,UCLA Head and Neck Cancer Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel T Kamei
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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21
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Anderson CE, Buser JR, Fleming AM, Strauch EM, Ladd PD, Englund J, Baker D, Yager P. An integrated device for the rapid and sensitive detection of the influenza hemagglutinin. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:885-896. [PMID: 30724293 PMCID: PMC6425938 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00691a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Influenza is a viral respiratory tract infection responsible for up to 5 million cases of severe infection and nearly 600 000 deaths worldwide each year. While treatments for influenza exist, diagnostics for the virus at the point of care are limited in their sensitivity and ability to differentiate between subtypes. We have developed an integrated two-dimensional paper network (2DPN) for the detection of the influenza virus by the surface glycoprotein, hemagglutinin. The hemagglutinin assay was developed using proteins computationally designed to bind with high affinity to the highly-conserved sialic acid binding site. The integrated 2DPN uses a novel geometry that allows automated introduction of an enzymatic amplification reagent directly to the detection zone. This assay was integrated into a prototype device and demonstrated successful detection of clinically relevant virus concentrations spiked into 70 μL of virus-free pediatric nasal swab samples. Using this novel geometry, we found improved assay performance on the device (compared to a manually-operated dipstick method), with a sensitivity of 4.45 × 102 TCID50 per mL on device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E Anderson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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22
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Roth S, Hadass O, Cohen M, Verbarg J, Wilsey J, Danielli A. Improving the Sensitivity of Fluorescence-Based Immunoassays by Photobleaching the Autofluorescence of Magnetic Beads. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1803751. [PMID: 30411493 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201803751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In fluorescence-based assays, usually a target molecule is captured using a probe conjugated to a capture surface, and then detected using a second fluorescently labeled probe. One of the most common capture surfaces is a magnetic bead. However, magnetic beads exhibit strong autofluorescence, which often overlaps with the emission of the reporter fluorescent dyes and limits the analytical performance of the assay. Here, several widely used magnetic beads are photobleached and their autofluorescence is reduced to 1% of the initial value. Their autofluorescence properties, including their photobleaching decay rates and autofluorescence spectra pre- and post-photobleaching, and the stability of the photobleaching over a period of two months are analyzed. The photobleached beads are stable over time and their surface functionality is retained. In a high-sensitivity LX-200 system using photobleached magnetic beads, human interleukin-8 is detected with a threefold improvement in detection limit and signal-to-noise ratio over results achievable with nonbleached beads. Since many contemporary immunoassays rely on magnetic beads as capture surfaces, prebleaching the beads may significantly improve the analytical performance of these assays. Moreover, nonmagnetic beads with low autofluorescence are also successfully photobleached, suggesting that photobleaching can be applied to various capture surfaces used in fluorescence-based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira Roth
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, Max and Anna Webb Street, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Orr Hadass
- MagBiosense, Inc., 4320 Forest Park Ave., Suite 304, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Meir Cohen
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, Max and Anna Webb Street, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Jasenka Verbarg
- MagBiosense, Inc., 4320 Forest Park Ave., Suite 304, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Jennifer Wilsey
- MagBiosense, Inc., 4320 Forest Park Ave., Suite 304, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Amos Danielli
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, Max and Anna Webb Street, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
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23
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Bender AT, Borysiak MD, Levenson AM, Lillis L, Boyle DS, Posner JD. Semiquantitative Nucleic Acid Test with Simultaneous Isotachophoretic Extraction and Amplification. Anal Chem 2018; 90:7221-7229. [PMID: 29761701 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) provide high diagnostic accuracy for infectious diseases and quantitative results for monitoring viral infections. The majority of NAATs require complex equipment, cold chain dependent reagents, and skilled technicians to perform the tests. This largely confines NAATs to centralized laboratories and can significantly delay appropriate patient care. Low-cost, point-of-care (POC) NAATs are especially needed in low-resource settings to provide patients with diagnosis and treatment planning in a single visit to improve patient care. In this work, we present a rapid POC NAAT with integrated sample preparation and amplification using electrokinetics and paper substrates. We use simultaneous isotachophoresis (ITP) and recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) to rapidly extract, amplify, and detect target nucleic acids from serum and whole blood in a paper-based format. We demonstrate simultaneous ITP and RPA can consistently detect 5 copies per reaction in buffer and 10 000 copies per milliliter of human serum with no intermediate user steps. We also show preliminary extraction and amplification of DNA from whole blood samples. Our test is rapid (results in less than 20 min) and made from low-cost materials, indicating its potential for detecting infectious diseases and monitoring viral infections at the POC in low resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Bender
- Mechanical Engineering , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Mark D Borysiak
- Chemical Engineering , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Amanda M Levenson
- Chemical Engineering , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | | | | | - Jonathan D Posner
- Mechanical Engineering , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States.,Chemical Engineering , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
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24
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Chou R, Easterbrook P, Hellard M. Methodological challenges in appraising evidence on diagnostic testing for WHO guidelines on hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infection. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:694. [PMID: 29143626 PMCID: PMC5688453 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2766-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Linking persons with hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) infection with appropriate prevention and treatment requires that they first be diagnosed. The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed its first guidelines on testing for chronic HBV and HCV infection, using a framework based on methods from the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) Working Group for the formulation of recommendations, including determining the strength of recommendations and quality of evidence. Recommendations were formulated based on the overall quality of the evidence, in addition to other considerations, including the balance between benefits and harms, values and preferences, feasibility and resource implications. This article summarizes methodological challenges and additional considerations encountered in applying these procedures to diagnostic testing for viral hepatitis, and strategies to address these. Direct evidence on the effects of tests and test strategies on clinical outcomes was not available. Given the availability of effective treatments for HBV and HCV that are generally acceptable to patients, the Guidelines Development Group (GDG) considered diagnostic accuracy a reasonable surrogate for clinical outcomes. In order to increase the number of patients identified with chronic HBV and HCV infection who could benefit from treatments, the GDG determined that tests and testing strategies associated with slightly lower diagnostic accuracy could be recommended when associated with lower costs; increased testing access, uptake, and linkage to care; greater feasibility; or if preferred by patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Chou
- Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Pacific Northwest Evidence-based Practice Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
| | - Philippa Easterbrook
- Global Hepatitis Programme, HIV Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Margaret Hellard
- Centre for Population Health, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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25
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Bissonnette L, Bergeron MG. Portable devices and mobile instruments for infectious diseases point-of-care testing. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2017; 17:471-494. [PMID: 28343420 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2017.1310619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rapidity, simplicity, and portability are highly desirable characteristics of tests and devices designed for performing diagnostics at the point of care (POC), either near patients managed in healthcare facilities or to offer bioanalytical alternatives in external settings. By reducing the turnaround time of the diagnostic cycle, POC diagnostics can reduce the dissemination, morbidity, and mortality of infectious diseases and provide tools to control the global threat of antimicrobial resistance. Areas covered: A literature search of PubMed and Google Scholar, and extensive mining of specialized publications, Internet resources, and manufacturers' websites have been used to organize and write this overview of the challenges and requirements associated with the development of portable sample-to-answer diagnostics, and showcase relevant examples of handheld devices, portable instruments, and less mobile systems which may or could be operated at POC. Expert commentary: Rapid (<1 h) diagnostics can contribute to control infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistant pathogens. Portable devices or instruments enabling sample-to-answer bioanalysis can provide rapid, robust, and reproducible testing at the POC or close from it. Beyond testing, to realize some promises of personalized/precision medicine, it will be critical to connect instruments to healthcare data management systems, to efficiently link decentralized testing results to the electronic medical record of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Bissonnette
- a Centre de recherche en infectiologie de l'Université Laval, Axe maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval , Québec City , Québec , Canada
| | - Michel G Bergeron
- a Centre de recherche en infectiologie de l'Université Laval, Axe maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval , Québec City , Québec , Canada.,b Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie , Faculté de médecine, Université Laval , Québec City , Québec , Canada
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26
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Anderson CE, Shah KG, Yager P. Sensitive Protein Detection and Quantification in Paper-Based Microfluidics for the Point of Care. Methods Enzymol 2017; 589:383-411. [PMID: 28336071 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The design of appropriate diagnostic assays for the point of care requires development of suitable biosensors, detection methods, and diagnostic platforms for sensitive, quantitative detection of biological analytes. Protein targets in particular are especially challenging to detect quantitatively and sensitively due to the lack of amplification strategies akin to nucleic acid amplification. However, recent advances in transducer and biosensor design, new detection labels, and paper-based microfluidics may realize the goal of sensitive, fast, portable, and low-cost protein detection. In this review, we discuss the biochemistry, optics, and engineering advances that may be leveraged to design such a sensitive protein diagnostic assay. The binding kinetics, mechanisms of binding in porous networks, and potential transducers are explained in detail. We discuss the relative merits of various optical detection strategies, potential detection labels, optical readout approaches, and image-processing techniques that are amenable to point-of-care use. To conclude, we present a systematic analysis of potential approaches to enhance the sensitivity of paper-based assays. The assay development framework presented here provides bioassay developers a strategy to methodically enhance the sensitivity and point-of-care suitability of protein diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamal G Shah
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Paul Yager
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
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Chan WCW, Udugama B, Kadhiresan P, Kim J, Mubareka S, Weiss PS, Parak WJ. Patients, Here Comes More Nanotechnology. ACS NANO 2016; 10:8139-42. [PMID: 27575458 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b05610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We describe the current difference in reporting the performance of nanotechnology diagnostic devices between technologists and clinicians. This perspective specifies the "metrics" used to evaluate these devices and describes strategies to bridge the gap between these two communities in order to accelerate the translation from academic bench to the clinic. We use two recently published ACS Nano articles to highlight the evaluation of silicon nanowire and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy-breath diagnostic tests for patients afflicted with cancer and asthma. These studies represent some of the earliest studies of emerging nanotechnology devices utilizing clinical parameters to assess performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren C W Chan
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Donnelly Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto , 164 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5T 2R5, Canada
| | - Buddhisha Udugama
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Donnelly Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto , 164 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5T 2R5, Canada
| | - Pranav Kadhiresan
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Donnelly Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto , 164 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5T 2R5, Canada
| | - Jisung Kim
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Donnelly Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto , 164 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5T 2R5, Canada
| | - Samira Mubareka
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center , 2075 Bayview Ave., Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | | | - Wolfgang J Parak
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps Universität Marburg , Marburg D-35032, Germany
- CIC biomaGUNE , Donostia-San Sebastián 20009, Spain
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