Characterization of Drug with Good Glass-Forming Ability Loaded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles and Its Impact Toward in vitro and in vivo Studies

Solid oral dosage forms are mostly preferred in pharmaceutical formulation development due to patient convenience, ease of product handling, high throughput, low manufacturing costs, with good physical and chemical stability. However, 70% of drug candidates have poor water solubility leading to compromised bioavailability. This phenomenon occurs because drug molecules are often absorbed after dissolving in gastrointestinal fluid. To address this limitation, delivery systems designed to improve the pharmacokinetics of drug molecules are needed to allow controlled release and target-specific delivery. Among various strategies, amorphous formulations show significantly high potential, particularly for molecules with solubility-limited dissolution rates. The ease of drug molecules to amorphized is known as their glass-forming ability (GFA). Specifically, drug molecules categorized into class III based on the Taylor classification have a low recrystallization tendency and high GFA after cooling, with substantial "glass stability" when heated. In the last decades, the application of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) as drug delivery systems (DDS) has gained significant attention in various investigations and the pharmaceutical industry. This is attributed to the unique physicochemical properties of MSNs, including high loading capacity, recrystallization inhibition, excellent biocompatibility, and easy functionalization. Therefore, this study aimed to discuss the current state of good glass former drug loaded mesoporous silica and shows its impact on the pharmaceutical properties including dissolution and physical stability, along with in vivo study. The results show the importance of determining whether mesoporous structures are needed in amorphous formulations to improve the pharmaceutical properties of drug with a favorable GFA.

Magnetite mesoporous silica nanoparticles embedded in carboxybetaine methacrylate for application in hyperthermia and drug delivery

Magnetite mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MMSNs) are biocompatible and can easily deliver a drug to the target tissue, but there are two challenges: burst effect and protein corona.

Highly efficient triazolone/metal ion/polydopamine/MCM-41 sustained release system with pH sensitivity for pesticide delivery

MCM-41 was prepared through the sol-gel method and encapsulated by polydopamine (PDA) before being coordinated with metal ions to form a highly efficient sustained release system (M-PDA-MCM-41) for triazolone delivery. The characterization results confirmed the existence of the coordination bond between the PDA layer and triazolone through the bridge effect from metal ions, which enhanced the interaction between PDA-MCM-41 and triazolone. The adsorption capacity of Fe-PDA-MCM-41 increased up to 173 mg g-1, which was 160% more than that of MCM-41. The sustained release performance of M-PDA-MCM-41 in different pH values was investigated. Under the conditions of pH ≤7, the release speed of triazolone increased with pH decreasing, whereas its release speed in the weak base condition was slower than in the neutral condition. Therefore, the as-synthesized system showed significant pH-sensitivity in the sustained release process, indicating that the sustained release system can be well stored in the neutral or basic environment and activated in the acid environment. Their sustained release curves described by the Korsmeyer-Peppas equation at pH 7 showed the same behaviour, indicating that PDA decoration or metal ion coordination only increases the steric hindrance and the interaction between carrier and triazolone instead of changing the original structure of the pure MCM material in accordance with X-ray diffraction and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis results.

Highly efficient alginate sodium encapsulated chlorpyrifos/copper(ii) Schiff base mesoporous silica sustained release system with pH and ion response for pesticide delivery

A highly efficient sustained released system (ALG–CH–Cu–MCM-41) was prepared. The as-synthesized system showed significant pH and ion responsive.

Controllable morphology transition from vesicular to worm-like to vesicular multilamellar mesoporous silica induced by β-cyclodextrin

Morphological changes of mesoporous silica from vesicular to worm-like to vesicular multilamellar were induced by adding appropriate amounts of β-CD to mixed CTAB/DDAB surfactant aggregates.