1
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Okanishi Y, Takemoto O, Kawahara S, Hayashi S, Takanami T, Yoshimitsu T. Red-Light-Promoted Radical Cascade Reaction to Access Tetralins and Dialins Enabled by Zinc(II)porphyrin, A Light-Flexible Catalyst. Org Lett 2024; 26:3929-3934. [PMID: 38669286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
[5,15-Bis(pentafluorophenyl)-10,20-diphenylporphinato]zinc(II) (1), a metalloporphyrin derivative that was recently reported as an efficient photocatalyst driven by blue LEDs by our group, was found to catalyze a red-light-promoted (630 nm LEDs) radical cascade reaction of N-3-arylpropionyloxyphthalimides with radicophiles including electron-deficient alkenes and alkynes, providing access to a range of functionalized tetralin and dialin derivatives. The radical cascade reaction catalyzed by 1 took place via an oxidative quenching cycle in DMSO, where no sacrificial electron donor was required, uncovering a unique solvent effect capable of promoting the porphyrin catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Okanishi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Otoki Takemoto
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Sanpou Kawahara
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hayashi
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Toshikatsu Takanami
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yoshimitsu
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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2
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Fujita M, Haketa Y, Seki S, Maeda H. Substitution-pattern- and counteranion-dependent ion-pairing assemblies of heteroporphyrin-based π-electronic cations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4190-4193. [PMID: 38506762 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00806e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Metal complexation and peripheral modifications of thiaporphyrins have been investigated for preparing polarized π-electronic cations with anion-dependent ion-pairing assembling modes, including charge-segregated structures exhibiting electric conductive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Fujita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Yohei Haketa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan.
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3
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Yamamoto H, Yamaoka K, Shinohara A, Shibata K, Takao KI, Ogura A. Red-light-mediated Barton decarboxylation reaction and one-pot wavelength-selective transformations. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11243-11250. [PMID: 37860659 PMCID: PMC10583705 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03643j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In organic chemistry, selecting mild conditions for transformations and saving energy are increasingly important for achieving sustainable development goals. Herein, we describe a red-light-mediated Barton decarboxylation using readily available red-light-emitting diodes as the energy source and zinc tetraphenylporphyrin as the catalyst, avoiding explosive or hazardous reagents or external heating. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction probably proceeds via Dexter energy transfer between the activated catalyst and the Barton ester. Furthermore, a one-pot wavelength-selective reaction within the visible light range is developed in combination with a blue-light-mediated photoredox reaction, demonstrating the compatibility of two photochemical transformations based on mechanistic differences. This one-pot process expands the limits of the decarboxylative Giese reaction beyond polarity matching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Kohei Yamaoka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Ann Shinohara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Kouhei Shibata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Takao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Akihiro Ogura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
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4
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Schade AH, Mei L. Applications of red light photoredox catalysis in organic synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2472-2485. [PMID: 36880439 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00107e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Photoredox catalysis has emerged as an efficient and versatile approach for developing novel synthetic methodologies. Particularly, red light photocatalysis has attracted more attention due to its intrinsic advantages of low energy, few health risks, few side reactions, and high penetration depth through various media. Impressive progress has been made in this field. In this review, we outline the applications of different photoredox catalysts in a wide range of red light-mediated reactions including direct red light photoredox catalysis, red light photoredox catalysis through upconversion, and dual red light photoredox catalysis. Due to the similarities between near-infrared (NIR) and red light, an overview of NIR-induced reactions is also presented. Lastly, current evidence showing the advantages of red light and NIR photoredox catalysis is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander H Schade
- Department of Chemistry, Colgate University, 13 Oak Dr, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA.
| | - Liangyong Mei
- Department of Chemistry, Colgate University, 13 Oak Dr, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA.
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5
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Vaz B, Pérez-Lorenzo M. Unraveling Structure-Performance Relationships in Porphyrin-Sensitized TiO 2 Photocatalysts. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1097. [PMID: 36985991 PMCID: PMC10059665 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, porphyrins have arisen as exceptional photosensitizers given their ability to act as chlorophyll-mimicking dyes, thus, transferring energy from the light-collecting areas to the reaction centers, as it happens in natural photosynthesis. For this reason, porphyrin-sensitized TiO2-based nanocomposites have been widely exploited in the field of photovoltaics and photocatalysis in order to overcome the well-known limitations of these semiconductors. However, even though both areas of application share some common working principles, the development of solar cells has led the way in what is referred to the continuous improvement of these architectures, particularly regarding the molecular design of these photosynthetic pigments. Yet, those innovations have not been efficiently translated to the field of dye-sensitized photocatalysis. This review aims at filling this gap by performing an in-depth exploration of the most recent advances in the understanding of the role played by the different structural motifs of porphyrins as sensitizers in light-driven TiO2-mediated catalysis. With this goal in mind, the chemical transformations, as well as the reaction conditions under which these dyes must operate, are taken in consideration. The conclusions drawn from this comprehensive analysis offer valuable hints for the implementation of novel porphyrin-TiO2 composites, which may pave the way toward the fabrication of more efficient photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Vaz
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Moisés Pérez-Lorenzo
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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6
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Rybicka-Jasińska K, Wdowik T, Łuczak K, Wierzba AJ, Drapała O, Gryko D. Porphyrins as Promising Photocatalysts for Red-Light-Induced Functionalizations of Biomolecules. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2022; 2:422-426. [PMID: 36855670 PMCID: PMC9955257 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.2c00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Red-light enables deeper material penetration, which is important for biological applications and has consequences for chemical synthesis. Therefore, the search for new photocatalysts that absorb in this region is crucial. Despite the undeniable utility of porphyrins in blue- and green-light-induced energy- and electron-transfer processes, they are also perfectly suited for red-light applications. Herein, we describe free-base porphyrins as photoredox catalysts for red-light-induced organic transformations. They can act as both photooxidants and photoreductants and can accomplish the synthesis of biaryls once merged with Pd-catalysis. The developed methodology holds promise for broader applications, as the heme-based protoporphyrin is used as a photocatalyst and reactions can be realized in aqueous conditions.
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7
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Connell TU. The forgotten reagent of photoredox catalysis. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:13176-13188. [PMID: 35997070 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01491b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Visible light powers an ever-expanding suite of reactions to both make and break chemical bonds under otherwise mild conditions. As a reagent in photochemical synthesis, light is obviously critical for reactivity but rarely optimized other than in light/dark controls. This Frontier Article presents an overview of recent research that investigates the unique ways light may be manipulated, and its unusual interactions with homogeneous transition metal and organic photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy U Connell
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia.
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8
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Glaser F, Wenger OS. Red Light-Based Dual Photoredox Strategy Resembling the Z-Scheme of Natural Photosynthesis. JACS AU 2022; 2:1488-1503. [PMID: 35783177 PMCID: PMC9241018 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Photoredox catalysis typically relies on the use of single chromophores, whereas strategies, in which two different light absorbers are combined, are rare. In photosystems I and II of green plants, the two separate chromophores P680 and P700 both absorb light independently of one another, and then their excitation energy is combined in the so-called Z-scheme, to drive an overall reaction that is thermodynamically very demanding. Here, we adapt this concept to perform photoredox reactions on organic substrates with the combined energy input of two red photons instead of blue or UV light. Specifically, a CuI bis(α-diimine) complex in combination with in situ formed 9,10-dicyanoanthracenyl radical anion in the presence of excess diisopropylethylamine catalyzes ca. 50 dehalogenation and detosylation reactions. This dual photoredox approach seems useful because red light is less damaging and has a greater penetration depth than blue or UV radiation. UV-vis transient absorption spectroscopy reveals that the subtle change in solvent from acetonitrile to acetone induces a changeover in the reaction mechanism, involving either a dominant photoinduced electron transfer or a dominant triplet-triplet energy transfer pathway. Our study illustrates the mechanistic complexity in systems operating under multiphotonic excitation conditions, and it provides insights into how the competition between desirable and unwanted reaction steps can become more controllable.
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9
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Li H, Wenger OS. Photophysics of Perylene Diimide Dianions and Their Application in Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department of Chemistry University of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
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10
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Li H, Wenger OS. Photophysics of Perylene Diimide Dianions and Their Application in Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202110491. [PMID: 34787359 PMCID: PMC9299816 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The two‐electron reduced forms of perylene diimides (PDIs) are luminescent closed‐shell species whose photochemical properties seem underexplored. Our proof‐of‐concept study demonstrates that straightforward (single) excitation of PDI dianions with green photons provides an excited state that is similarly or more reducing than the much shorter‐lived excited states of PDI radical monoanions, which are typically accessible after biphotonic excitation with blue photons. Thermodynamically demanding photocatalytic reductive dehalogenations and reductive C−O bond cleavage reactions of lignin model compounds have been performed using sodium dithionite acts as a reductant, either in aqueous solution or in biphasic water–acetonitrile mixtures in the presence of a phase transfer reagent. Our work illustrates the concept of multi‐electron reduction of a photocatalyst by a sacrificial reagent prior to irradiation with low‐energy photons as a means of generating very reactive excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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11
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Sellet N, Cormier M, Goddard JP. The dark side of photocatalysis: near-infrared photoredox catalysis for organic synthesis. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01476e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Near-Infrared photoredox catalysis is now consider as the next evolution of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Sellet
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Application (LIMA), UMR 7042, Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 68100 Mulhouse, France
| | - Morgan Cormier
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Application (LIMA), UMR 7042, Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 68100 Mulhouse, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Goddard
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Application (LIMA), UMR 7042, Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 68100 Mulhouse, France
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12
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Bissonnette NB, Ryu KA, Reyes‐Robles T, Wilhelm S, Tomlinson JH, Crotty KA, Hett EC, Roberts LR, Hazuda DJ, Jared Willis M, Oslund RC, Fadeyi OO. Design of a Multiuse Photoreactor To Enable Visible-Light Photocatalytic Chemical Transformations and Labeling in Live Cells. Chembiochem 2020; 21:3555-3562. [PMID: 32749732 PMCID: PMC7756335 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite the growing use of visible-light photochemistry in both chemistry and biology, no general low-heat photoreactor for use across these different disciplines exists. Herein, we describe the design and use of a standardized photoreactor for visible-light-driven activation and photocatalytic chemical transformations. Using this single benchtop photoreactor, we performed photoredox reactions across multiple visible light wavelengths, a high-throughput photocatalytic cross-coupling reaction, and in vitro labeling of proteins and live cells. Given the success of this reactor in all tested applications, we envision that this multi-use photoreactor will be widely used in biology, chemical biology, and medicinal chemistry settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah B. Bissonnette
- Exploratory Science CenterMerck & Co.Inc.320 Bent StreetCambridgeMA 02141USA
| | - Keun Ah Ryu
- Exploratory Science CenterMerck & Co.Inc.320 Bent StreetCambridgeMA 02141USA
| | - Tamara Reyes‐Robles
- Exploratory Science CenterMerck & Co.Inc.320 Bent StreetCambridgeMA 02141USA
| | - Sharon Wilhelm
- Exploratory Science CenterMerck & Co.Inc.320 Bent StreetCambridgeMA 02141USA
| | - Jake H. Tomlinson
- Exploratory Science CenterMerck & Co.Inc.320 Bent StreetCambridgeMA 02141USA
| | - Kelly A. Crotty
- Exploratory Science CenterMerck & Co.Inc.320 Bent StreetCambridgeMA 02141USA
| | - Erik C. Hett
- Exploratory Science CenterMerck & Co.Inc.320 Bent StreetCambridgeMA 02141USA
| | - Lee R. Roberts
- Exploratory Science CenterMerck & Co.Inc.320 Bent StreetCambridgeMA 02141USA
| | - Daria J. Hazuda
- Exploratory Science CenterMerck & Co.Inc.320 Bent StreetCambridgeMA 02141USA
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccine ResearchMerck & Co.Inc. Merck Research LaboratoriesWest PointPA 19486USA
| | | | - Rob C. Oslund
- Exploratory Science CenterMerck & Co.Inc.320 Bent StreetCambridgeMA 02141USA
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13
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Gianetti T, Mei L. Helical Carbenium Ion-Based Organic Photoredox Catalyst: A Versatile and Sustainable Option in Red-Light-Induced Reactions. Synlett 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1705942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe development of a sustainable catalytic system for red-light-induced photocatalysis is presented. The catalytic system consists of a helical carbenium ion-based organic photoredox catalyst (PC) that is capable of using low-energy red light (λmax = 640 nm) for both photooxidations and photoreductions. Its successful applications in the aerobic oxidative hydroxylation of arylboronic acids and in the oxidation of benzylic C(sp3)–H bonds (reductive quenching), as well as in dual transition-metal/organocatalyzed C–H arylations and intermolecular atom-transfer radical additions (oxidative quenching) provide further support for its role as a versatile and efficient organic PC.1 Introduction2 Red-Light-Induced Photocatalysis3 Properties of N,N′-Dipropyl-1,13-dimethoxyquinacridinium Tetrafluoroborate4 Two Proposed Representative Catalytic Cycles of [
n
Pr-DMQA+][BF4
–]5 Applications of [
n
Pr-DMQA+][BF4
–] in Red-Light-Induced Photocatalysis6 Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gianetti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona
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14
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Mei L, Veleta JM, Gianetti TL. Helical Carbenium Ion: A Versatile Organic Photoredox Catalyst for Red-Light-Mediated Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:12056-12061. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liangyong Mei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - José M. Veleta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Thomas L. Gianetti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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15
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Amos SGE, Garreau M, Buzzetti L, Waser J. Photocatalysis with organic dyes: facile access to reactive intermediates for synthesis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:1163-1187. [PMID: 32550931 PMCID: PMC7277890 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic dyes have emerged as a reliable class of photoredox catalysts. Their great structural variety combined with the easy fine-tuning of their electronic properties has unlocked new possibilities for the generation of reactive intermediates. In this review, we provide an overview of the available approaches to access reactive intermediates that employ organophotocatalysis. Our contribution is not a comprehensive description of the work in the area but rather focuses on key concepts, accompanied by a few selected illustrative examples. The review is organized along the type of reactive intermediates formed in the reaction, including C(sp3) and C(sp 2 ) carbon-, nitrogen-, oxygen-, and sulfur-centered radicals, open-shell charged species, and sensitized organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie G E Amos
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marion Garreau
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luca Buzzetti
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jerome Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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16
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Costa E Silva R, Oliveira da Silva L, de Andrade Bartolomeu A, Brocksom TJ, de Oliveira KT. Recent applications of porphyrins as photocatalysts in organic synthesis: batch and continuous flow approaches. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:917-955. [PMID: 32461773 PMCID: PMC7214915 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review we present relevant and recent applications of porphyrin derivatives as photocatalysts in organic synthesis, involving both single electron transfer (SET) and energy transfer (ET) mechanistic approaches. We demonstrate that these highly conjugated photosensitizers show increasing potential in photocatalysis since they combine both photo- and electrochemical properties which can substitute available metalloorganic photocatalysts. Batch and continuous-flow approaches are presented highlighting the relevance of enabling technologies for the renewal of porphyrin applications in photocatalysis. Finally, the reaction scale in which the methodologies were developed are highlighted since this is an important parameter in the authors' opinion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Costa E Silva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Luely Oliveira da Silva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Marabá, PA, 68502-100, Brazil
| | | | - Timothy John Brocksom
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
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17
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Ma M, Hao W, Ma L, Zheng Y, Lian P, Wan X. Interception of Radicals by Molecular Oxygen and Diazo Compounds: Direct Synthesis of Oxalate Esters Using Visible-Light Catalysis. Org Lett 2018; 20:5799-5802. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Ma
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Liang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yonggao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Pengcheng Lian
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobing Wan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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