1
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Wang H, Yang S, Chen L, Li Y, He P, Wang G, Dong H, Ma P, Ding G. Tumor diagnosis using carbon-based quantum dots: Detection based on the hallmarks of cancer. Bioact Mater 2024; 33:174-222. [PMID: 38034499 PMCID: PMC10684566 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon-based quantum dots (CQDs) have been shown to have promising application value in tumor diagnosis. Their use, however, is severely hindered by the complicated nature of the nanostructures in the CQDs. Furthermore, it seems impossible to formulate the mechanisms involved using the inadequate theoretical frameworks that are currently available for CQDs. In this review, we re-consider the structure-property relationships of CQDs and summarize the current state of development of CQDs-based tumor diagnosis based on biological theories that are fully developed. The advantages and deficiencies of recent research on CQDs-based tumor diagnosis are thus explained in terms of the manifestation of nine essential changes in cell physiology. This review makes significant progress in addressing related problems encountered with other nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuit, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Siwei Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuit, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Liangfeng Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuit, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuit, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Peng He
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuit, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Hui Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuit, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Peixiang Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Guqiao Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuit, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, PR China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, PR China
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2
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Mazahir F, Sharma R, Yadav AK. Bioinspired theranostic quantum dots: Paving the road to a new paradigm for cancer diagnosis and therapeutics. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103822. [PMID: 37949429 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite extensive research, a complete cure remains lacking for most types of cancer. Nanotechnology-based carriers, such as liposomes, nanoparticles (NPs), dendrimers, nanoemulsions, and other nanocarriers, can target cancer cells, but their in vivo fate is unpredictable. Bioinspired quantum dots (BQDs) offer enhanced aqueous solubility, exceptionally low toxicity, biocompatibility, easy biofunctionalization, and selective cancer targeting. Due to their photoluminescence, high longitudinal relaxation value, photothermal effect upon laser irradiation, generation of singlet oxygen, and production of H2S for gas therapy, BQDs are excellent cancer theranostic agents. In this review, we highlight the theranostic application of, and existing challenges relating to BQDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Mazahir
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - Rajeev Sharma
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior 474005, India
| | - Awesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, India.
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3
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Mailisa W, Annisa WD, Permatasari FA, Amalia R, Ivansyah AL, Iskandar F, Rachmawati H. In Vitro and Silico Studies on the N-Doped Carbon Dots Potential in ACE2 Expression Modulation. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:10077-10085. [PMID: 36969408 PMCID: PMC10035003 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The alteration of ACE2 expression level, which has been studied in many diseases, makes the topic of ACE2 inducer potential crucial to be explored. The ACE2 inducer could further be designed to control the ACE2 expression level, which is appropriate to a specific case. An in vitro study of well-characterized carbon dots (CDs), made from citric acid and urea, was performed to determine their ability to modulate the ACE2 receptor. Gene expression of ACE2 was quantified using concentrations adjusted for IC50 results from CDs viability assays in HEK 293 and A549 cell lines. RT-qPCR was used to assess the expression of the ACE2 gene and its induction effect in normal cell lines (HEK-293A). According to the results of the tests, ACE2 is expressed in HEK-293A cell lines, and diminazene aceturate can increase ACE2 expression. The effect of CDs on ACE2 gene expression was further examined on the cell lines that had previously been induced with diminazene aceturate, which resulted in upregulation of the ACE2 expression level. An in silico study has been done by using a molecular docking approach. The molecular docking results show that CDs can make strong interactions with ACE2 amino acid residues through hydrophobic interaction, π-π interaction, π-cation interaction, and ionic interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiska Mailisa
- Research
Group of Pharmaceutics - School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Windy Dwi Annisa
- Research
Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Fitri Aulia Permatasari
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
- Research
Center for Chemistry, National Research
and Innovation Agency, BRIN, Kawasan
Puspiptek 15314, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Riezki Amalia
- Department
of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Padjadjaran
University, Jl. Raya Bandung - Sumedang KM 21, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
| | - Atthar Luqman Ivansyah
- Analytical
Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics
and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi
Bandung, Jalan Ganesha
No.10, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Ferry Iskandar
- Research
Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
- Collaboration
Research Center for Advanced Energy Materials, National Research and Innovation Agency - Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Heni Rachmawati
- Research
Group of Pharmaceutics - School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
- Research
Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
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4
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Gayathri K, Bhaskaran M, Selvam C, Thilagavathi R. Nano formulation approaches for curcumin delivery- a review. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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5
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Amal NM, Shiddiq M, Armynah B, Tahir D. High reactive oxygen species produced from fluorescence carbon dots for anticancer and photodynamic therapies: A review. LUMINESCENCE 2022; 37:2006-2017. [PMID: 36136299 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
High-photoluminescence carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized from various sources and various methods using two approaches, namely bottom up and top down, with emission-dependent excitation wavelength. Electronic transition from the higher-occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) state to the lowest-unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO) state, surface defect states, wider excitation spectrum, higher quantum yield, efficient energy transfer, and element doping affected the fluorescence properties of CDs. Using 102 references listed in this review, the authors studied the relationship between fluorescence mechanism and reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and materials anticancer applications. We described how the radical atom or ROS work as anticancer therapy and PDT and described the chemical reaction of high-resolution fluorescence CDs. We summarized experimental techniques that are used for producing CDs and discussed their characteristics. Finally, conclusions and future prospects in this field are also discussed. The important characteristics of CD-based design for high ROS may usher in new prospects and challenges for high efficiency and stability of PDT and anticancer therapy. In conclusion, we have provided perspectives and challenges of the future development of CD s.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhandis Shiddiq
- Research Center for Physics, Indonesia Institute of Sciences, Puspiptek, Banten, Indonesia
| | | | - Dahlang Tahir
- Department of Physics, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
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6
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Rahiman N, Markina YV, Kesharwani P, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. Curcumin-based nanotechnology approaches and therapeutics in restoration of autoimmune diseases. J Control Release 2022; 348:264-286. [PMID: 35649486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases usually arise as a result of an aberrant immune system attack on normal tissues of the body, which leads to a cascade of inflammatory reactions. The immune system employs different types of protective and anti-inflammatory cells for the regulation of this process. Curcumin is a known natural anti-inflammatory agent that inhibits pathological autoimmune processes by regulating inflammatory cytokines and their associated signaling pathways in immune cells. Due to the unstable nature of curcumin and its susceptibility to either degradation, or metabolism into other chemical entities (i.e., metabolites), encapsulation of this agent into various nanocarriers would appear to be an appropriate strategy for attaining greater beneficial effects from curcumin as it pertains to immunomodulation. Many studies have focused on the design and development of curcumin nanodelivery systems (micelles, dendrimers, and diverse nanocarriers) and are summarized in this review in order to obtain greater insight into novel drug delivery systems for curcumin and their suitability for the management of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Rahiman
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Yuliya V Markina
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBI "Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery", 3 Tsyurupy Str., 117418, Moscow, Russia
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran..
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7
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Bano K, Kaushal S, Singh PP. A review on photocatalytic degradation of hazardous pesticides using heterojunctions. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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8
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Sethiya A, Agarwal DK, Agarwal S. Current Trends in Drug Delivery System of Curcumin and its Therapeutic Applications. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 20:1190-1232. [PMID: 32348221 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200429103647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin is a poly phenolic compound extracted from turmeric. Over the past years, it has acquired significant interest among researchers due to its numerous pharmacological activities like anti- cancer, anti-alzheimer, anti-diabetic, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and so on. However, the clinical use of curcumin is still obstructed due to tremendously poor bioavailability, rapid metabolism, lower gastrointestinal absorption, and low permeability through cell that makes its pharmacology thrilling. These issues have led to enormous surge of investigation to develop curcumin nano formulations which can overcome these restrictive causes. The scientists all across the universe are working on designing several drug delivery systems viz. liposomes, micelles, magnetic nano carriers, etc. for curcumin and its composites which not only improve its physiochemical properties but also enhanced its therapeutic applications. The review aims to systematically examine the treasure of information about the medicinal use of curcumin. This article delivers a general idea of the current study piloted to overwhelm the complications with the bioavailability of curcumin which have exhibited an enhanced biological activity than curcumin. This article explains the latest and detailed study of curcumin and its conjugates, its phytochemistry and biological perspectives and also proved curcumin as an efficient drug candidate for the treatment of numerous diseases. Recent advancements and futuristic viewpoints are also deliberated, which shall help researchers and foster commercial translations of improved nanosized curcumin combination for the treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Sethiya
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLS University, Udaipur, 313001, India
| | | | - Shikha Agarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLS University, Udaipur, 313001, India
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9
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Beyene AM, Moniruzzaman M, Karthikeyan A, Min T. Curcumin Nanoformulations with Metal Oxide Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:460. [PMID: 33670161 PMCID: PMC7916858 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the past few decades, curcumin, a natural polyphenolic phytochemical, has been studied for treating a wide variety of diseases. It has shown promising results as a potential curative agent for a variety of diseases. However, its inherent limitations, such as poor aqueous solubility, poor absorbability, fast metabolic rate, and quick elimination from the body, have limited its application beyond preclinical studies. A huge number of studies have been made to address the issues of curcumin and to maximally utilize its potentials. Many review articles have tried to assess and summarize different nanocarriers, especially organic nanocarriers, for nanoformulations with curcumin. Nevertheless, few exclusive reviews on the progress in nanoformulation of curcumin with inorganic nanomaterials have been made. In this review, we present an exclusive summary of the progress in nanoformulation of curcumin with metal oxide nanoparticles. The beneficial feature of the metal oxide nanoparticles used in the curcumin nanoformulation, the different approaches followed in formulating curcumin with the metal oxides, and the corresponding results, protective effect of curcumin from different metal oxide caused toxicities, and concluding remarks are presented in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anteneh Marelign Beyene
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeju International Animal Research Center (JIA) & Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (A.M.B.); (M.M.)
- School of Chemical and Bioengineering, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology (AAiT), King George VI St., Addis Ababa 1000, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammad Moniruzzaman
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeju International Animal Research Center (JIA) & Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (A.M.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Adhimoolam Karthikeyan
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Taesun Min
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeju International Animal Research Center (JIA) & Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (A.M.B.); (M.M.)
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10
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Nair A, Haponiuk JT, Thomas S, Gopi S. Natural carbon-based quantum dots and their applications in drug delivery: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110834. [PMID: 33035830 PMCID: PMC7537666 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural carbon based quantum dots (NCDs) are an emerging class of nanomaterials in the carbon family. NCDs have gained immense acclamation among researchers because of their abundance, eco-friendly nature, aqueous solubility, the diverse functionality and biocompatibility when compared to other conventional carbon quantum dots (CDs).The presence of different functional groups on the surface of NCDs such as thiol, carboxyl, hydroxyl, etc., provides improved quantum yield, physicochemical and optical properties which promote bioimaging, sensing, and drug delivery. This review provides comprehensive knowledge about NCDs for drug delivery applications by outlining the source and rationale behind NCDs, different routes of synthesis of NCDs and the merits of adopting each method. Detailed information regarding the mechanism behind the optical properties, toxicological profile including biosafety and biodistribution of NCDs that are favourable for drug delivery are discussed. The drug delivery applications of NCDs particularly as sensing and real-time tracing probe, antimicrobial, anticancer, neurodegenerative agents are reviewed. The clinical aspects of NCDs are also reviewed as an initiative to strengthen the case of NCDs as potent drug delivery agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhila Nair
- Department of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jozef T Haponiuk
- Department of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sabu Thomas
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, India
| | - Sreeraj Gopi
- Department of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland.
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11
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Ehtesabi H, Hallaji Z, Najafi Nobar S, Bagheri Z. Carbon dots with pH-responsive fluorescence: a review on synthesis and cell biological applications. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:150. [PMID: 31989317 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-4091-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes state of the art synthesis and applications of carbon dots (CDs) with pH-responsive fluorescence. Following an introduction, the first section covers methods for the preparation of pH-responsive CDs, with subsections on general methods for preparing CDs (by hydrothermal, solvothermal, electrochemical, microwave, laser ablation, pyrolysis or chemical oxidation polymerization methods), and on precursors for synthesis. This is followed by a section on the mechanisms of pH-responsivity (by creating new functional groups, change of energy levels, protonation and deprotonation, aggregation, or by introduction shells). Several Tables are presented that give an overview of the wealth of methods and materials. A final section covers applications of carbon dots (CDs) with pH-responsive fluorescence for sensing, drug delivery, and imaging. The conclusion summarizes the current status, addresses challenges, and gives an outlook on potential future trends. Graphical abstract The synthesis and biological applications of carbon dots(CDs) with pH-responsive fluorescence are summarized. Precursors and methods for preparation of pH-responsive CDs, mechanisms of pH-responsivity, and biological applications of CDs with pH-responsive fluorescence for sensing, drug delivery, and imaging are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamide Ehtesabi
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University G.C, Tehran, 19839-69411, Iran
| | - Zahra Hallaji
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14117-13116, Iran
| | - Shima Najafi Nobar
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, 19697-64499, Iran
| | - Zeinab Bagheri
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University G.C, Tehran, 19839-69411, Iran.
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12
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Divya, Kaur G. Stimulus Sensitive Smart Nanoplatforms: An Emerging Paradigm for the Treatment of Skin Diseases. Curr Drug Deliv 2019; 16:295-311. [DOI: 10.2174/1567201816666190123125813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Over the past century, the prevalence of skin diseases has substantially increased. These diseases present a significant physical, emotional and socio-economic burden to the society. Such conditions are also associated with a multitude of psychological traumas to the suffering patients. The effective treatment strategy implicates targeting of drugs to the skin. The field of drug targeting has been revolutionized with the advent of nanotechnology. The emergence of stimulus-responsive nanoplatforms has provided remarkable control over fundamental polymer properties for external triggers. This enhanced control has empowered pioneering approaches in the treatment of chronic inflammatory skin diseases.
Objective:
Our aim was to investigate the studies on smart nanoplatforms that exploit the altered skin physiology under diseased conditions and provide site-specific controlled drug delivery.
Method:
All literature search regarding the advances in stimulus sensitive smart nanoplatforms for skin diseases was done using Google Scholar and Pubmed.
Conclusion:
Various stimuli explored lately for such nano platforms are pH, temperature, light and magnet. Although, the scientists have actively taken up this research topic but there are still certain lacunaes associated which have been discussed in this review. Further, an interdisciplinary collaboration between the healthcare providers and pharmacists is a pivotal requirement for such systems to be available for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
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13
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Todke P, Shah VH. Psoriasis: implication to disease and therapeutic strategies, with an emphasis on drug delivery approaches. Int J Dermatol 2018; 57:1387-1402. [PMID: 29923192 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Skin is the most visible and vulnerable organ of the integumentary system. Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder with an equal prevalence rate in males and females globally. Psoriasis is seen today beyond a cosmetic turmoil as it significantly impacts the socioeconomic life of the patients. Patients with severe psoriasis report feeling denounced and isolated. Despite detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms and pathogenesis of psoriasis, issues like the autoimmune cause of inflammation and role of external, genetic, cutaneous, and systemic factors on initiation, progression, and treatment of psoriasis are still ambiguous. The present review summarizes immunogenic pathophysiology of psoriasis with a cascade of events from stimuli-based release of self-nucleotides to the hyperproliferation of keratinocytes leading to psoriasis. The review emphasizes challenges and hurdles toward the efficient treatment of psoriasis. The review also provides a detailed understanding of conventional and novel treatment strategies including drug delivery approaches and patented technologies for therapeutic and preventive approaches leading to improved outcome for psoriasis patients. The review summarizes a brief insight on biologics and gene therapy that has resulted in a paradigm shift in the treatment strategies for psoriasis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Todke
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Viral H Shah
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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