1
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Pratt MR, Vocadlo DJ. Understanding and exploiting the roles of O-GlcNAc in neurodegenerative diseases. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105411. [PMID: 37918804 PMCID: PMC10687168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAc is a common modification found on nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. Determining the catalytic mechanism of the enzyme O-GlcNAcase (OGA), which removes O-GlcNAc from proteins, enabled the creation of potent and selective inhibitors of this regulatory enzyme. Such inhibitors have served as important tools in helping to uncover the cellular and organismal physiological roles of this modification. In addition, OGA inhibitors have been important for defining the augmentation of O-GlcNAc as a promising disease-modifying approach to combat several neurodegenerative diseases including both Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. These studies have led to development and optimization of OGA inhibitors for clinical application. These compounds have been shown to be well tolerated in early clinical studies and are steadily advancing into the clinic. Despite these advances, the mechanisms by which O-GlcNAc protects against these various types of neurodegeneration are a topic of continuing interest since improved insight may enable the creation of more targeted strategies to modulate O-GlcNAc for therapeutic benefit. Relevant pathways on which O-GlcNAc has been found to exert beneficial effects include autophagy, necroptosis, and processing of the amyloid precursor protein. More recently, the development and application of chemical methods enabling the synthesis of homogenous proteins have clarified the biochemical effects of O-GlcNAc on protein aggregation and uncovered new roles for O-GlcNAc in heat shock response. Here, we discuss the features of O-GlcNAc in neurodegenerative diseases, the application of inhibitors to identify the roles of this modification, and the biochemical effects of O-GlcNAc on proteins and pathways associated with neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Pratt
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - David J Vocadlo
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
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2
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Akintola O, Farren-Dai M, Ren W, Bhosale S, Britton R, Świderek K, Moliner V, Bennet AJ. Glycoside Hydrolase Catalysis: Do Substrates and Mechanism-Based Covalent Inhibitors React via Matching Transition States? ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oluwafemi Akintola
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British ColumbiaV5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Marco Farren-Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British ColumbiaV5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Weiwu Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British ColumbiaV5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Sandeep Bhosale
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British ColumbiaV5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Robert Britton
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British ColumbiaV5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Katarzyna Świderek
- BioComp Group, Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12071Castellón, Spain
| | - Vicent Moliner
- BioComp Group, Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12071Castellón, Spain
| | - Andrew J. Bennet
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British ColumbiaV5A 1S6, Canada
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3
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Velueta-Viveros M, Martínez-Bailén M, Puerta A, Romero-Hernández LL, Křen V, Merino-Montiel P, Montiel-Smith S, Fernandes MX, Moreno-Vargas AJ, Padrón JM, López Ó, Fernández-Bolaños JG. Carbohydrate-derived bicyclic selenazolines as new dual inhibitors (cholinesterases/OGA) against Alzheimer’s disease. Bioorg Chem 2022; 127:105983. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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Coines J, Cuxart I, Teze D, Rovira C. Computer Simulation to Rationalize “Rational” Engineering of Glycoside Hydrolases and Glycosyltransferases. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:802-812. [PMID: 35073079 PMCID: PMC8819650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c09536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Glycoside hydrolases
and glycosyltransferases are the main classes
of enzymes that synthesize and degrade carbohydrates, molecules essential
to life that are a challenge for classical chemistry. As such, considerable
efforts have been made to engineer these enzymes and make them pliable
to human needs, ranging from directed evolution to rational design,
including mechanism engineering. Such endeavors fall short and are
unreported in numerous cases, while even success is a necessary but
not sufficient proof that the chemical rationale behind the design
is correct. Here we review some of the recent work in CAZyme mechanism
engineering, showing that computational simulations are instrumental
to rationalize experimental data, providing mechanistic insight into
how native and engineered CAZymes catalyze chemical reactions. We
illustrate this with two recent studies in which (i) a glycoside hydrolase
is converted into a glycoside phosphorylase and (ii) substrate specificity
of a glycosyltransferase is engineered toward forming O-, N-, or S-glycosidic bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Coines
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Irene Cuxart
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - David Teze
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Carme Rovira
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
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5
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González-Cuesta M, Sidhu P, Ashmus RA, Males A, Proceviat C, Madden Z, Rogalski JC, Busmann JA, Foster LJ, García Fernández JM, Davies GJ, Ortiz Mellet C, Vocadlo DJ. Bicyclic Picomolar OGA Inhibitors Enable Chemoproteomic Mapping of Its Endogenous Post-translational Modifications. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:832-844. [PMID: 34985906 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Owing to its roles in human health and disease, the modification of nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitochondrial proteins with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine residues (O-GlcNAc) has emerged as a topic of great interest. Despite the presence of O-GlcNAc on hundreds of proteins within cells, only two enzymes regulate this modification. One of these enzymes is O-GlcNAcase (OGA), a dimeric glycoside hydrolase that has a deep active site cleft in which diverse substrates are accommodated. Chemical tools to control OGA are emerging as essential resources for helping to decode the biochemical and cellular functions of the O-GlcNAc pathway. Here we describe rationally designed bicyclic thiazolidine inhibitors that exhibit superb selectivity and picomolar inhibition of human OGA. Structures of these inhibitors in complex with human OGA reveal the basis for their exceptional potency and show that they extend out of the enzyme active site cleft. Leveraging this structure, we create a high affinity chemoproteomic probe that enables simple one-step purification of endogenous OGA from brain and targeted proteomic mapping of its post-translational modifications. These data uncover a range of new modifications, including some that are less-known, such as O-ubiquitination and N-formylation. We expect that these inhibitors and chemoproteomics probes will prove useful as fundamental tools to decipher the mechanisms by which OGA is regulated and directed to its diverse cellular substrates. Moreover, the inhibitors and structures described here lay out a blueprint that will enable the creation of chemical probes and tools to interrogate OGA and other carbohydrate active enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel González-Cuesta
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Peter Sidhu
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Roger A Ashmus
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Alexandra Males
- Department of Chemistry. University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Cameron Proceviat
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Zarina Madden
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Jason C Rogalski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jil A Busmann
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - José M García Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gideon J Davies
- Department of Chemistry. University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Carmen Ortiz Mellet
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - David J Vocadlo
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
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6
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Désiré J, Foucart Q, Poveda A, Gourlaouen G, Shimadate Y, Kise M, Proceviat C, Ashmus R, Vocadlo DJ, Jiménez-Barbero J, Kato A, Blériot Y. Synthesis, conformational analysis and glycosidase inhibition of bicyclic nojirimycin C-glycosides based on an octahydrofuro[3,2-b]pyridine motif. Carbohydr Res 2021; 511:108491. [PMID: 34953389 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A set of bicyclic iminosugar C-glycosides, based on an octahydrofuro[3,2-b]pyridine motif, has been synthesized from a C-allyl iminosugar exploiting a debenzylative iodocycloetherification and an iodine nucleophilic displacement as the key steps. The halogen allowed the introduction of a range of aglycon moieties of different sizes bearing several functionalities such as alcohol, amine, amide and triazole. In these carbohydrate mimics the fused THF ring forces the piperidine to adopt a flattened 4C1 conformation according to NMR and DFT calculations studies. In their deprotected form, these bicycles were assayed on a panel of 23 glycosidases. The iminosugars displaying hydrophobic aglycon moieties proved to be superior glycosidase inhibitors, leading to a low micromolar inhibition of human lysosome β-glucosidase (compound 11; IC50 = 2.7 μM) and rice α-glucosidase (compound 10; IC50 = 7.7 μM). Finally, the loose structural analogy of these derivatives with Thiamet G, a potent OGA bicyclic inhibitor, was illustrated by the weak OGA inhibitory activity (Ki = 140 μM) of iminosugar 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Désiré
- Université de Poitiers, IC2MP, UMR CNRS 7285, Equipe "Synthèse Organique", Groupe Glycochimie, 4 rue Michel Brunet, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France.
| | - Quentin Foucart
- Université de Poitiers, IC2MP, UMR CNRS 7285, Equipe "Synthèse Organique", Groupe Glycochimie, 4 rue Michel Brunet, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Ana Poveda
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque technologico de Bizkaia, Edif. 801A-1°, Derio-Bizkaia 48160, and Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Lopez de Haro 3, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Gurvan Gourlaouen
- Université de Poitiers, IC2MP, UMR CNRS 7285, Equipe "Synthèse Organique", Groupe Glycochimie, 4 rue Michel Brunet, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Yuna Shimadate
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Maki Kise
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Cameron Proceviat
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada, V5S 1P6
| | - Roger Ashmus
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada, V5S 1P6
| | - David J Vocadlo
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada, V5S 1P6
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque technologico de Bizkaia, Edif. 801A-1°, Derio-Bizkaia 48160, and Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Lopez de Haro 3, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Yves Blériot
- Université de Poitiers, IC2MP, UMR CNRS 7285, Equipe "Synthèse Organique", Groupe Glycochimie, 4 rue Michel Brunet, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France.
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7
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Saha A, Bello D, Fernández-Tejada A. Advances in chemical probing of protein O-GlcNAc glycosylation: structural role and molecular mechanisms. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:10451-10485. [PMID: 34338261 PMCID: PMC8451060 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01275k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The addition of O-linked-β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) onto serine and threonine residues of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins is an abundant, unique post-translational modification governing important biological processes. O-GlcNAc dysregulation underlies several metabolic disorders leading to human diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration and diabetes. This review provides an extensive summary of the recent progress in probing O-GlcNAcylation using mainly chemical methods, with a special focus on discussing mechanistic insights and the structural role of O-GlcNAc at the molecular level. We highlight key aspects of the O-GlcNAc enzymes, including development of OGT and OGA small-molecule inhibitors, and describe a variety of chemoenzymatic and chemical biology approaches for the study of O-GlcNAcylation. Special emphasis is placed on the power of chemistry in the form of synthetic glycopeptide and glycoprotein tools for investigating the site-specific functional consequences of the modification. Finally, we discuss in detail the conformational effects of O-GlcNAc glycosylation on protein structure and stability, relevant O-GlcNAc-mediated protein interactions and its molecular recognition features by biological receptors. Future research in this field will provide novel, more effective chemical strategies and probes for the molecular interrogation of O-GlcNAcylation, elucidating new mechanisms and functional roles of O-GlcNAc with potential therapeutic applications in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Saha
- Chemical Immunology Lab, Centre for Cooperative Research in Biosciences, CIC-bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio 48160, Biscay, Spain.
| | - Davide Bello
- Chemical Immunology Lab, Centre for Cooperative Research in Biosciences, CIC-bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio 48160, Biscay, Spain.
| | - Alberto Fernández-Tejada
- Chemical Immunology Lab, Centre for Cooperative Research in Biosciences, CIC-bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio 48160, Biscay, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Spain
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8
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Mechanistic roles for altered O-GlcNAcylation in neurodegenerative disorders. Biochem J 2021; 478:2733-2758. [PMID: 34297044 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's remain highly prevalent and incurable disorders. A major challenge in fully understanding and combating the progression of these diseases is the complexity of the network of processes that lead to progressive neuronal dysfunction and death. An ideal therapeutic avenue is conceivably one that could address many if not all of these multiple misregulated mechanisms. Over the years, chemical intervention for the up-regulation of the endogenous posttranslational modification (PTM) O-GlcNAc has been proposed as a potential strategy to slow down the progression of neurodegeneration. Through the development and application of tools that allow dissection of the mechanistic roles of this PTM, there is now a growing body of evidence that O-GlcNAc influences a variety of important neurodegeneration-pertinent mechanisms, with an overall protective effect. As a PTM that is appended onto numerous proteins that participate in protein quality control and homeostasis, metabolism, bioenergetics, neuronal communication, inflammation, and programmed death, O-GlcNAc has demonstrated beneficence in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases, and its up-regulation is now being pursued in multiple clinical studies.
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9
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Pan D, Gu JH, Zhang J, Hu Y, Liu F, Iqbal K, Cekic N, Vocadlo DJ, Dai CL, Gong CX. Thiamme2-G, a Novel O-GlcNAcase Inhibitor, Reduces Tau Hyperphosphorylation and Rescues Cognitive Impairment in Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 81:273-286. [PMID: 33814439 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal hyperphosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein tau plays a pivotal role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We previously found that O-GlcNAcylation inversely correlates to hyperphosphorylation of tau in AD brain, and downregulation of brain O-GlcNAcylation promotes tau hyperphosphorylation and AD-like neurodegeneration in mice. OBJECTIVE Herein we investigated the effect of increasing O-GlcNAcylation by using intermittent dosing with low doses of a potent novel O-GlcNAcase (OGA) inhibitor on AD-like brain changes and cognitive function in a mouse model of sporadic AD (sAD) induced by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of streptozotocin (STZ). METHODS STZ was injected into the lateral ventricle of C57BL/6J mice. From the second day, Thiamme2-G (TM2G) or saline, as a vehicle control, was orally administered to the ICV-STZ mice three times per week for five weeks. A separate group of ICV-saline mice treated with saline was used as a baseline control. Behavioral tests, including open field and novel object recognition, were conducted three weeks after the first dose of the TM2G or saline. Protein O-GlcNAcylation, tau hyperphosphorylation, synaptic proteins, and neuroinflammation in the mouse brain were assessed by western blotting. RESULTS ICV-STZ caused decreased protein O-GlcNAcylation. Enhancement of O-GlcNAcylation to moderate levels by using low-dose OGA inhibitor in ICV-STZ mice prevented STZ-induced body weight loss, rescued cognitive impairments, and restored AD-like pathologies, including hyperphosphorylation of tau and abnormalities in synaptic proteins and neuroinflammation. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that moderately increasing protein O-GlcNAcylation by using low doses of OGA inhibitor may be a suitable therapeutic strategy for sAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danmin Pan
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Jin-Hua Gu
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Yae Hu
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Khalid Iqbal
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Nevena Cekic
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David J Vocadlo
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chun-Ling Dai
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Cheng-Xin Gong
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
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10
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Monitoring and modulating O-GlcNAcylation: assays and inhibitors of O-GlcNAc processing enzymes. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2021; 68:157-165. [PMID: 33535148 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is protein modification that is emerging as a regulator of diverse aspects of cellular physiology. Aberrant O-GlcNAcylation has been linked to several diseases, spurring the creation of methods to detect and perturb the activity of the two enzymes that govern this modification - O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). Here we summarize assays used for these two enzymes. We also detail the latest structure-guided development of inhibitors of these two enzymes and touch on selected reports that underscore the utility of inhibitors as tools for uncovering the diverse roles of O-GlcNAc in cell function. Finally, we summarize recent reports on the potential therapeutic benefits of antagonizing these enzymes and comment on outstanding challenges within the field.
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11
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Ma J, Wu C, Hart GW. Analytical and Biochemical Perspectives of Protein O-GlcNAcylation. Chem Rev 2021; 121:1513-1581. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Ma
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Ci Wu
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Gerald W. Hart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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12
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Xiong J, Xu D. Mechanistic Insights into the Hydrolysis of O-GlcNAcylation Catalyzed by Human O-GlcNAcase. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:9310-9322. [PMID: 32970432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c05755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
O-GlcNAc glycosylation occurs on specific serine/threonine residues of intracellular proteins, which is widely related to various diseases, including type II diabetes, cancer, and Alzheimer's disease. Human O-GlcNAcase (hOGA) is responsible for the removal of O-GlcNAc modification and thus serves as the main target for inhibitor design. In this work, we systematically investigated the mechanism catalyzed by hOGA using the quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical method. Based on calculated free energy profiles, two essential steps named cyclization (Cyc) step and ring opening step are required to generate the final hemiacetal product. The Cyc of the 2-acetamido group, the rate-limiting step, leads to the generation of the intermediate of a bicyclic oxazolinium ion (EI1). Next, the oxazoline ring could be broken via the nucleophilic attack of a water molecule at the C1 position, which generates the final product. Along with this, our simulations clearly suggest the existence of an oxazoline intermediate (EI2), which is produced via proton transfer (PT) from the 2-acetamido group (EI1) to D174. This PT step features a reversible process with a low energy barrier, which could be attributed to a low barrier hydrogen bond between the donor and acceptor. The stabilizing effect of the low barrier hydrogen bond on EI1 is proposed to be very important for accelerating the overall reaction. In fact, the site-directed mutagenesis simulations of D174A and D175A strongly indicate that the catalytic residues mainly affect the observed reaction rate by affecting the stability of the intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P. R. China
| | - Dingguo Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
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13
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Elbatrawy AA, Kim EJ, Nam G. O‐GlcNAcase: Emerging Mechanism, Substrate Recognition and Small‐Molecule Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1244-1257. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. Elbatrawy
- Center for Neuro-Medicine Brain Science Institute Korea Institutes of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 (Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Med KIST school Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) Gajungro 217 Youseong-gu Daejeon (Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Kim
- Daegu University Department of Science Education-Chemistry Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do Gyeongbuk 38453 (Republic of Korea
| | - Ghilsoo Nam
- Center for Neuro-Medicine Brain Science Institute Korea Institutes of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 (Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Med KIST school Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) Gajungro 217 Youseong-gu Daejeon (Republic of Korea
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14
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Tavassoly O, Yue J, Vocadlo DJ. Pharmacological inhibition and knockdown of O-GlcNAcase reduces cellular internalization of α-synuclein preformed fibrils. FEBS J 2020; 288:452-470. [PMID: 32365408 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) is Lewy bodies that form within the brain from aggregated forms of α-synuclein (α-syn). These toxic α-syn aggregates are transferred from cell to cell by release of fibrils from dying neurons into the extracellular environment, followed by their subsequent uptake by neighboring cells. This process leads to spreading of the pathology throughout the brain in a prion-like manner. Identifying new pathways that hinder the internalization of such α-syn fibrils is of high interest for their downstream potential exploitation as a way to create disease-modifying therapeutics for PD. Here, we show that Thiamet-G, a highly selective pharmacological agent that inhibits the glycoside hydrolase O-GlcNAcase (OGA), blunts the cellular uptake of α-syn fibrils. This effect correlates with increased nucleocytoplasmic levels of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc)-modified proteins, and genetic knockdown of OGA expression closely phenocopies both these effects. These reductions in the uptake of α-syn fibrils caused by inhibition of OGA are both concentration- and time-dependent and are observed in multiple cell lines including mouse primary cortical neurons. Moreover, treatment of cells with the OGT inhibitor, 5SGlcNHex, increases the level of uptake of α-syn PFFs, further supporting O-GlcNAcylation of proteins driving these effects. Notably, this effect is mediated through an unknown mechanism that does not involve well-characterized endocytotic pathways. These data suggest one mechanism by which OGA inhibitors might exert their protective effects in prion-like neuropathologies and support exploration of OGA inhibitors as a potential disease-modifying approach to treat PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Tavassoly
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Jefferey Yue
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - David J Vocadlo
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
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15
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Teze D, Coines J, Raich L, Kalichuk V, Solleux C, Tellier C, André-Miral C, Svensson B, Rovira C. A Single Point Mutation Converts GH84 O-GlcNAc Hydrolases into Phosphorylases: Experimental and Theoretical Evidence. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:2120-2124. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Teze
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads Bldg. 224, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- UFIP, CNRS, Université de Nantes, 44300 Nantes, France
| | - Joan Coines
- Departament de Quı́mica Inorgànica i Orgànica (Secció de Quı́mica Orgànica) and Institut de Quı́mica Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Raich
- Departament de Quı́mica Inorgànica i Orgànica (Secció de Quı́mica Orgànica) and Institut de Quı́mica Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Birte Svensson
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads Bldg. 224, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Carme Rovira
- Departament de Quı́mica Inorgànica i Orgànica (Secció de Quı́mica Orgànica) and Institut de Quı́mica Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Rovira C, Males A, Davies GJ, Williams SJ. Mannosidase mechanism: at the intersection of conformation and catalysis. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2019; 62:79-92. [PMID: 31891872 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mannosidases are a diverse group of enzymes that are important in the biological processing of mannose-containing polysaccharides and complex glycoconjugates. They are found in 12 of the >160 sequence-based glycosidase families. We discuss evidence that nature has evolved a small set of common mechanisms that unite almost all of these mannosidase families. Broadly, mannosidases (and the closely related rhamnosidases) perform catalysis through just two conformations of the oxocarbenium ion-like transition state: a B2,5 (or enantiomeric 2,5B) boat and a 3H4 half-chair. This extends to a new family (GT108) of GDPMan-dependent β-1,2-mannosyltransferases/phosphorylases that perform mannosyl transfer through a boat conformation as well as some mannosidases that are metalloenzymes and require divalent cations for catalysis. Yet, among this commonality lies diversity. New evidence shows that one unique family (GH99) of mannosidases use an unusual mechanism involving anchimeric assistance via a 1,2-anhydro sugar (epoxide) intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carme Rovira
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica (Secció de Química Orgànica) & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alexandra Males
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Gideon J Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Spencer J Williams
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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17
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Colombo C, Bennet AJ. The physical organic chemistry of glycopyranosyl transfer reactions in solution and enzyme-catalyzed. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2019; 53:145-157. [PMID: 31689605 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the mechanisms of glycopyranosyl transfer that occur in solution, both for the chemical synthesis of complex structures and that for the cleavage of glycosidic bonds has allowed us to design biologically active molecules. Recent efforts on the reactivity of glycopyranosides, which are critical entities in all biological systems, coupled with the advent of modern spectroscopic instrumentation have allowed physical organic chemists to broaden our knowledge of glycosyl transfer reaction transition states, both in solution and for enzyme-catalyzed processes, and of critical high energy intermediates. This review details recent physical organic, kinetic and structural studies that have led to elucidation of several different mechanism for the transfer of glycopyranosyl moieties from various substrates to acceptors, such as water or a sugar hydroxyl group.
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18
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Selnick HG, Hess JF, Tang C, Liu K, Schachter JB, Ballard JE, Marcus J, Klein DJ, Wang X, Pearson M, Savage MJ, Kaul R, Li TS, Vocadlo DJ, Zhou Y, Zhu Y, Mu C, Wang Y, Wei Z, Bai C, Duffy JL, McEachern EJ. Discovery of MK-8719, a Potent O-GlcNAcase Inhibitor as a Potential Treatment for Tauopathies. J Med Chem 2019; 62:10062-10097. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harold G. Selnick
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - J. Fred Hess
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Cuyue Tang
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Kun Liu
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Joel B. Schachter
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Jeanine E. Ballard
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Jacob Marcus
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Daniel J. Klein
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Xiaohai Wang
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Michelle Pearson
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Mary J. Savage
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Ramesh Kaul
- Alectos Therapeutics Inc., 8999 Nelson Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 4B5, Canada
| | - Tong-Shuang Li
- Alectos Therapeutics Inc., 8999 Nelson Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 4B5, Canada
| | - David J. Vocadlo
- Alectos Therapeutics Inc., 8999 Nelson Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 4B5, Canada
| | - Yuanxi Zhou
- Alectos Therapeutics Inc., 8999 Nelson Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 4B5, Canada
| | - Yongbao Zhu
- Alectos Therapeutics Inc., 8999 Nelson Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 4B5, Canada
| | - Changwei Mu
- Pharmaron Beijing Co. Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, P. R. China
| | - Yaode Wang
- Pharmaron Beijing Co. Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyong Wei
- Pharmaron Beijing Co. Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, P. R. China
| | - Chang Bai
- Pharmaron Beijing Co. Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, P. R. China
| | - Joseph L. Duffy
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Ernest J. McEachern
- Alectos Therapeutics Inc., 8999 Nelson Way, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 4B5, Canada
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19
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β-N-Acetylhexosaminidases-the wizards of glycosylation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:7869-7881. [PMID: 31401752 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
β-N-Acetylhexosaminidases (EC 3.2.1.52) are a unique family of glycoside hydrolases with dual substrate specificity and a particular reaction mechanism. Though hydrolytic enzymes per se, their good stability, easy recombinant production, absolute stereoselectivity, and a broad substrate specificity predestine these enzymes for challenging applications in carbohydrate synthesis. This mini-review aims to demonstrate the catalytic potential of β-N-acetylhexosaminidases in a range of unusual reactions, processing of unnatural substrates, formation of unexpected products, and demanding reaction designs. The use of unconventional media can considerably alter the progress of transglycosylation reactions. By means of site-directed mutagenesis, novel catalytic machineries can be constructed. Glycosylation of difficult substrates such as sugar nucleotides was accomplished, and the range of afforded glycosidic bonds comprises unique non-reducing sugars. Specific functional groups may be tolerated in the substrate molecule, which makes β-N-acetylhexosaminidases invaluable allies in difficult synthetic problems.
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20
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Coines J, Alfonso‐Prieto M, Biarnés X, Planas A, Rovira C. Oxazoline or Oxazolinium Ion? The Protonation State and Conformation of the Reaction Intermediate of Chitinase Enzymes Revisited. Chemistry 2018; 24:19258-19265. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joan Coines
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, (secció de Química Orgànica) and Institut de Química Teòrica i, Computacional (IQTCUB)Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Mercedes Alfonso‐Prieto
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, (secció de Química Orgànica) and Institut de Química Teòrica i, Computacional (IQTCUB)Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Current address: INM-9/IAS-5Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich (Germany) and C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Xevi Biarnés
- Laboratory of BiochemistryInstitut Químic de SarriàUniversitat Ramon Llull Via Augusta, 390 08017 Barcelona Spain
| | - Antoni Planas
- Laboratory of BiochemistryInstitut Químic de SarriàUniversitat Ramon Llull Via Augusta, 390 08017 Barcelona Spain
| | - Carme Rovira
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, (secció de Química Orgànica) and Institut de Química Teòrica i, Computacional (IQTCUB)Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) Passeig Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
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21
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Seo IK, Woo EH, Cecioni S, Vocadlo DJ. A divergent synthesis to generate targeted libraries of inhibitors for endo- N-acetylglucosaminidases. CAN J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2017-0461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell active inhibitors of glycoside processing enzymes are valuable research tools that help us understand the physiological roles of this diverse class of enzymes. endo-N-Acetylglucosaminidases have gained increased attention for their important roles in both mammals and human pathogens; however, metabolically stable cell active inhibitors of these enzymes are lacking. Here, we describe a divergent synthetic strategy involving elaboration of a thiazoline core scaffold. We illustrate the potential of this approach by using the copper catalysed azide-alkyne click (CuAAC) reaction, in combination with a suitable catalyst to avoid poisoning by the thiazoline moiety, to generate a targeted panel of candidate inhibitors of endo-N-acetylglucosaminidases and chitinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac K. Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Esther H. Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Samy Cecioni
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - David J. Vocadlo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
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22
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Glawar AFG, Martínez RF, Ayers BJ, Hollas MA, Ngo N, Nakagawa S, Kato A, Butters TD, Fleet GWJ, Jenkinson SF. Structural essentials for β-N-acetylhexosaminidase inhibition by amides of prolines, pipecolic and azetidine carboxylic acids. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:10371-10385. [PMID: 27735004 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01549b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper explores the computer modelling aided design and synthesis of β-N-acetylhexosaminidase inhibitors along with their applicability to human disease treatment through biological evaluation in both an enzymatic and cellular setting. We investigated the importance of individual stereocenters, variations in structure-activity relationships along with factors influencing cell penetration. To achieve these goals we modified nitrogen heterocycles in terms of ring size, side chains present and ring nitrogen derivatization. By reducing the inhibitor interactions with the active site down to the essentials we were able to determine that besides the established 2S,3R trans-relationship, the presence and stereochemistry of the CH2OH side chain is of crucial importance for activity. In terms of cellular penetration, N-butyl side chains favour cellar uptake, while hydroxy- and carboxy-group bearing sidechains on the ring nitrogen retarded cellular penetration. Furthermore we show an early proof of principle study that β-N-acetylhexosaminidase inhibitors can be applicable to use in a potential anti-invasive anti-cancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F G Glawar
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK. and Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - R F Martínez
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - B J Ayers
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - M A Hollas
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - N Ngo
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - S Nakagawa
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
| | - A Kato
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
| | - T D Butters
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - G W J Fleet
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK. and Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - S F Jenkinson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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23
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Synthesis of new N-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-2-aminothiazoline derivatives possessing anticholinesterase and antiradical activity as potential multifunctional agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Russ Chem Bull 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-017-1964-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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25
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Roth C, Chan S, Offen WA, Hemsworth GR, Willems LI, King DT, Varghese V, Britton R, Vocadlo DJ, Davies GJ. Structural and functional insight into human O-GlcNAcase. Nat Chem Biol 2017; 13:610-612. [PMID: 28346405 PMCID: PMC5438047 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
O-GlcNAc hydrolase, OGA, removes O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) from myriad nucleocytoplasmic proteins. Through co-expression and assembly of OGA fragments we determined the 3-D structure of human OGA, revealing an unusual helix exchanged dimer that lays a structural foundation for an improved understanding of substrate recognition and regulation of OGA. Structures of OGA in complex with a series of inhibitors define a precise blueprint for the design of inhibitors having clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Roth
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry University of York, York, UK
| | - Sherry Chan
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry University of York, York, UK
| | - Wendy A Offen
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry University of York, York, UK
| | - Glyn R Hemsworth
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry University of York, York, UK
| | - Lianne I Willems
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dustin T King
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Vimal Varghese
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Robert Britton
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David J Vocadlo
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gideon J Davies
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry University of York, York, UK
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26
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Slámová K, Bojarová P. Engineered N-acetylhexosamine-active enzymes in glycoscience. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2070-2087. [PMID: 28347843 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, enzymes modifying N-acetylhexosamine substrates have emerged in numerous theoretical studies as well as practical applications from biology, biomedicine, and biotechnology. Advanced enzyme engineering techniques converted them into potent synthetic instruments affording a variety of valuable glycosides. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review presents the diversity of engineered enzymes active with N-acetylhexosamine carbohydrates: from popular glycoside hydrolases and glycosyltransferases to less known oxidases, epimerases, kinases, sulfotransferases, and acetylases. Though hydrolases in natura, engineered chitinases, β-N-acetylhexosaminidases, and endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidases were successfully employed in the synthesis of defined natural and derivatized chitooligomers and in the remodeling of N-glycosylation patterns of therapeutic antibodies. The genes of various N-acetylhexosaminyltransferases were cloned into metabolically engineered microorganisms for producing human milk oligosaccharides, Lewis X structures, and human-like glycoproteins. Moreover, mutant N-acetylhexosamine-active glycosyltransferases were applied, e.g., in the construction of glycomimetics and complex glycostructures, industrial production of low-lactose milk, and metabolic labeling of glycans. In the synthesis of biotechnologically important compounds, several innovative glycoengineered systems are presented for an efficient bioproduction of GlcNAc, UDP-GlcNAc, N-acetylneuraminic acid, and of defined glycosaminoglycans. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The above examples demonstrate that engineering of N-acetylhexosamine-active enzymes was able to solve complex issues such as synthesis of tailored human-like glycoproteins or industrial-scale production of desired oligosaccharides. Due to the specific catalytic mechanism, mutagenesis of these catalysts was often realized through rational solutions. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Specific N-acetylhexosamine glycosylation is crucial in biological, biomedical and biotechnological applications and a good understanding of its details opens new possibilities in this fast developing area of glycoscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristýna Slámová
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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27
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Colombo C, Bennet AJ. Probing Transition State Analogy in Glycoside Hydrolase Catalysis. ADVANCES IN PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apoc.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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28
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Montgomery AP, Xiao K, Wang X, Skropeta D, Yu H. Computational Glycobiology: Mechanistic Studies of Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes and Implication for Inhibitor Design. STRUCTURAL AND MECHANISTIC ENZYMOLOGY 2017; 109:25-76. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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29
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Roth C, Petricevic M, John A, Goddard-Borger ED, Davies GJ, Williams SJ. Structural and mechanistic insights into a Bacteroides vulgatus retaining N-acetyl-β-galactosaminidase that uses neighbouring group participation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:11096-9. [PMID: 27546776 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc04649e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacteroides vulgatus is a member of the human microbiota whose abundance is increased in patients with Crohn's disease. We show that a B. vulgatus glycoside hydrolase from the carbohydrate active enzyme family GH123, BvGH123, is an N-acetyl-β-galactosaminidase that acts with retention of stereochemistry, and, through a 3-D structure in complex with Gal-thiazoline, provide evidence in support of a neighbouring group participation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Roth
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, UK.
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30
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Santana AG, Vadlamani G, Mark BL, Withers SG. N-Acetyl glycals are tight-binding and environmentally insensitive inhibitors of hexosaminidases. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:7943-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc02520j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mono-, di- and trisaccharide derivatives of 1,2-unsaturated N-acetyl-d-glucal have been synthesized and shown to function as tight-binding inhibitors/slow substrates of representative hexosaminidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. G. Santana
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - G. Vadlamani
- Department of Microbiology
- University of Manitoba
- Winnipeg
- Canada
| | - B. L. Mark
- Department of Microbiology
- University of Manitoba
- Winnipeg
- Canada
| | - S. G. Withers
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
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