1
|
Chen Y, Zhang J, Zhang J, Wan X. Directional Crystal Jumping Controlled by Chirality. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9679-9687. [PMID: 38478888 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Jumping crystals of racemic mixtures of asparagine monohydrate have been presented in this contribution to emphasize the key role of molecular chirality in governing the direction of macroscopic motions. When heated at the specific faces of the single crystals, a pair of enantiomorphs jump in opposite directions, which are further utilized for chiral resolution. The hydrogen-bonded networks between asparagine molecules in a specific direction provide oriented channels for the escape of water molecules during the dehydration, serving as a foundation for the directional crystal jumping. Our findings not only lay the foundation for the future creation of directed actuation systems based on dynamic crystals but shall also guide the efforts to reveal the correlation between chirality and motion across diverse realms of knowledge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifu Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xinhua Wan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang YH, Chen YS, Chuang WT, Yang JS. Bifurcated Polymorphic Transition and Thermochromic Fluorescence of a Molecular Crystal Involving Three-Dimensional Supramolecular Gear Rotation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:8131-8141. [PMID: 38471139 PMCID: PMC10979455 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The ability of molecules to move and rearrange in the solid state accounts for the polymorphic transition and stimuli-responsive properties of molecular crystals. However, how the crystal structure determines the molecular motion ability remains poorly understood. Here, we report that a three-dimensional (3D) supramolecular gear network in the green-emissive polymorph 1G of a dialkylamino-substituted anthracene-pentiptycene π-system (1) enables an unusual bifurcated polymorphic transition into a yellow-emissive polymorph (1Y) and a new green-emissive polymorph (1G*) via 3D correlated supramolecular rotation. The 90° forward correlated rotation causes the molecular conformation between the octyl and the anthracene units to change from syn to anti, the ladder-like supramolecular columns to constrict, and the gear network to disengage. This cooperative molecular motion is marked by the gradual formation of an intermediate state (1I) across the entire crystal from 170 to 230 °C, which then undergoes bifurcated (forward or backward rotation) and irreversible transitions to form polymorphs 1Y and 1G* at 230-235 °C. Notably, 1G* is similar to 1G but lacks gear engagement, preventing its transformation into 1Y. Nevertheless, 1G can be restored by grinding 1Y or 1G* or fuming with dichloromethane (DCM) vapor. This work illustrates the correlation between the crystal structure and solid-state molecular motion behavior and demonstrates how a 3D molecular gear system efficiently transmits thermal energy to drive the polymorphic transition and induce fluorochromism through significant conformational and packing changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hsuan Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Tsung Chuang
- National
Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30092, Taiwan
| | - Jye-Shane Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Takahashi H, Yoshimura Y, Murai R, Kawamura R, Maruyama M, Yoshimura M, Mori Y, Yoshikawa HY. Spatiotemporal Control of Polymorphic Phase Transition of Glycine Crystals by Three-Dimensional Femtosecond Laser Ablation Processing. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:180-186. [PMID: 38153689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal control of the polymorphic phase transition of glycine crystals was demonstrated by three-dimensional (3D) processing with a focused femtosecond laser pulse as an external stimulus. We found that the transition from a metastable form (β-form) to more stable ones (α- or γ-form) could be triggered from the irradiated area of not only the surface but also inside of glycine crystals. This 3D processing with a focused femtosecond laser pulse enabled us to precisely monitor the transition dynamics from a targeted position to the entire part of crystals. The systematic study with the space-selective phase transition method revealed that the phase transition inside of glycine crystals was significantly slower (e.g., ∼50 times) than that at the crystal surface, which indicates the crucial role of water molecules in air on the phase transition dynamics. We foresee that this laser method can be a practical tool for monitoring spatiotemporal dynamics of phase transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hozumi Takahashi
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yudai Yoshimura
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryota Murai
- Division of Electrical, Electronic and Infocommunications Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- SOSHO CHOKO Inc., 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryuzo Kawamura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduated Schools of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-okubo 255, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Mihoko Maruyama
- Division of Electrical, Electronic and Infocommunications Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Hangi-cho, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Masashi Yoshimura
- Institute of Laser Engineering (ILE), Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yusuke Mori
- Division of Electrical, Electronic and Infocommunications Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Y Yoshikawa
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Borchers T, Topić F, Arhangelskis M, Vainauskas J, Titi HM, Bushuyev OS, Barrett CJ, Friščić T. Three-in-One: Dye-Volatile Cocrystals Exhibiting Intensity-Dependent Photochromic, Photomechanical, and Photocarving Response. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145. [PMID: 37924293 PMCID: PMC10655124 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Cocrystallization of a cis-azobenzene dye with volatile molecules, such as pyrazine and dioxane, leads to materials that exhibit at least three different light-intensity-dependent responses upon irradiation with low-power visible light. The halogen-bond-driven assembly of the dye cis-(p-iodoperfluorophenyl)azobenzene with volatile halogen bond acceptors produces cocrystals whose light-induced behavior varies significantly depending on the intensity of the light applied. Low-intensity (<1 mW·cm-2) light irradiation leads to a color change associated with low levels of cis → trans isomerization. Irradiation at higher intensities (150 mW·mm-2) produces photomechanical bending, caused by more extensive isomerization of the dye. At still higher irradiation intensities (2.25 W·mm-2) the cocrystals undergo cold photocarving; i.e., they can be cut and written on with micrometer precision using laser light without a major thermal effect. Real-time Raman spectroscopy shows that this novel photochemical behavior differs from what would be expected from thermal energy input alone. Overall, this work introduces a rational blueprint, based on supramolecular chemistry in the solid state, for new types of crystalline light-responsive materials, which not only respond to being exposed to light but also change their response based on the light intensity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tristan
H. Borchers
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0B8, Canada
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Filip Topić
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0B8, Canada
| | | | - Jogirdas Vainauskas
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0B8, Canada
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Hatem M. Titi
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0B8, Canada
| | | | | | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0B8, Canada
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mahmoud Halabi J, Al-Handawi MB, Ceballos R, Naumov P. Intersectional Effects of Crystal Features on the Actuation Performance of Dynamic Molecular Crystals. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37235774 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite being researched for decades, shape-shifting molecular crystals have yet to claim their spot as an actuating materials class among the primary functional materials. While the process for developing and commercializing materials can be lengthy, it inevitably starts with building an extensive knowledge base, which for molecular crystal actuators remains scattered and disjointed. Using machine learning for the first time, we identify inherent features and structure-function relationships that fundamentally impact the mechanical response of molecular crystal actuators. Our model can factor in different crystal properties in tandem and decipher their intersectional and combined effects on each actuation performance. This analysis is an open invitation to utilize interdisciplinary expertise in translating the current basic research on molecular crystal actuators into technology-based development that promotes large-scale experimentation and prototyping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jad Mahmoud Halabi
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Marieh B Al-Handawi
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | - Panče Naumov
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Center for Smart Engineering Materials, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Research Center for Environment and Materials, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Bul. Krste Misirkov 2, Skopje MK-1000, Macedonia
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tsai C, Cheng C, Ho Y, Hsu Y, Liu Y, Peng S, Yang J. Pseudopolymorphism of a luminescent anthracene‐pentiptycene π‐system: The persistent alkyl‐pentiptycene threading mode. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia‐Ying Tsai
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chiao‐Min Cheng
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Chieh Ho
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Ying‐Feng Hsu
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Hung Liu
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Shie‐Ming Peng
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Jye‐Shane Yang
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Superelasticity of a photo-actuating chiral salicylideneamine crystal. Commun Chem 2022; 5:4. [PMID: 36697637 PMCID: PMC9814393 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-021-00618-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Superelasticity is a type of elastic response to an applied external force, caused by a phase transformation. Actuation of materials is also an elastic response to external stimuli such as light and heat. Although both superelasticity and actuation are deformations resulting from stimulus-induced stress, there is a phenomenological difference between the two with respect to whether force is an input or an output. Here, we report that a molecular crystal manifests superelasticity during photo-actuation under light irradiation. The crystal exhibits stepwise twisted actuation due to two effects, photoisomerization and photo-triggered phase transition, and the actuation behavior is simulated based on a dynamic multi-layer model. The simulation, in turn, reveals how the photoisomerization and phase transition progress in the crystal, indicating superelasticity induced by modest stress due to the formation of photoproducts. This work provides not only a successful simulation of stepwise twisted actuation, but also to the best of our knowledge the first indication of superelasticity induced by light.
Collapse
|
8
|
Abeysekera AM, Averkiev BB, Sinha AS, Aakeröy C. Evaluating structure-property relationship in a new family of mechanically flexible co-crystals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9480-9483. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02047e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A structure-property analysis of ten compositionally and chemically similar co-crystals of N-(pyridin-2-yl)alkylamides and carboxylic acids show that three co-crystals of targets bearing a methyl chain were brittle, while the remaining...
Collapse
|
9
|
Strong π-stacking causes unusually large anisotropic thermal expansion and thermochromism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2106572118. [PMID: 34706935 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2106572118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
π-stacking in ground-state dimers/trimers/tetramers of N-butoxyphenyl(naphthalene)diimide (BNDI) exceeds 50 kcal ⋅ mol-1 in strength, drastically surpassing that for the *3[pyrene]2 excimer (∼30 kcal ⋅ mol-1; formal bond order = 1) and similar to other weak-to-moderate classical covalent bonds. Cooperative π-stacking in triclinic (BNDI-T) and monoclinic (BNDI-M) polymorphs effects unusually large linear thermal expansion coefficients (α a , α b , α c , β) of (452, -16.8, -154, 273) × 10-6 ⋅ K-1 and (70.1, -44.7, 163, 177) × 10-6 ⋅ K-1, respectively. BNDI-T exhibits highly reversible thermochromism over a 300-K range, manifest by color changes from orange (ambient temperature) toward red (cryogenic temperatures) or yellow (375 K), with repeated thermal cycling sustained for over at least 2 y.
Collapse
|
10
|
Koshima H, Hasebe S, Hagiwara Y, Asahi T. Mechanically Responsive Organic Crystals by Light. Isr J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202100093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideko Koshima
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation Waseda University 513 Wasedatsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-0041 Japan
| | - Shodai Hasebe
- Department of Advanced Science and Engineering Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Yuki Hagiwara
- Department of Advanced Science and Engineering Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Toru Asahi
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation Waseda University 513 Wasedatsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-0041 Japan
- Department of Advanced Science and Engineering Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dharmarwardana M, Pakhira S, Welch RP, Caicedo-Narvaez C, Luzuriaga MA, Arimilli BS, McCandless GT, Fahimi B, Mendoza-Cortes JL, Gassensmith JJ. Rapidly Reversible Organic Crystalline Switch for Conversion of Heat into Mechanical Energy. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5951-5957. [PMID: 33822596 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state thermoelastic behavior-a sudden exertion of an expansive or contractive physical force following a temperature change and phase transition in a solid-state compound-is rare in organic crystals, few are reversible systems, and most of these are limited to a dozen or so cycles before the crystal degrades or they reverse slowly over the course of many minutes or even hours. Comparable to thermosalience, wherein crystal phase changes induce energetic jumping, thermomorphism produces physical work via consistent and near-instantaneous predictable directional force. In this work, we show a fully reversible thermomorphic actuator that is stable at room temperature for multiple years and is capable of actuation for more than 200 cycles at near-ambient temperature. Specifically, the crystals shrink to 90% of their original length instantaneously upon heating beyond 45 °C and expand back to their original length upon cooling below 35 °C. Furthermore, the phase transition occurs instantaneously, with little obvious hysteresis, allowing us to create real-time actuating thermal fuses that cycle between on and off rapidly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Srimanta Pakhira
- Discipline of Physics, Discipline of Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science (MEMS) & Centre for Advanced Electronics (CAE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IIT Indore), Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh (M.P.), India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jose L Mendoza-Cortes
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU Joint College of Engineering, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Prakash P, Ardhra S, Fall B, Zdilla MJ, Wunder SL, Venkatnathan A. Solvate sponge crystals of (DMF) 3NaClO 4: reversible pressure/temperature controlled juicing in a melt/press-castable sodium-ion conductor. Chem Sci 2021; 12:5574-5581. [PMID: 34168793 PMCID: PMC8179650 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06455f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A new type of crystalline solid, termed "solvate sponge crystal", is presented, and the chemical basis of its properties are explained for a melt- and press-castable solid sodium ion conductor. X-ray crystallography and atomistic simulations reveal details of atomic interactions and clustering in (DMF)3NaClO4 and (DMF)2NaClO4 (DMF = N-N'-dimethylformamide). External pressure or heating results in reversible expulsion of liquid DMF from (DMF)3NaClO4 to generate (DMF)2NaClO4. The process reverses upon the release of pressure or cooling. Simulations reveal the mechanism of crystal "juicing," as well as melting. In particular, cation-solvent clusters form a chain of octahedrally coordinated Na+-DMF networks, which have perchlorate ions present in a separate sublattice space in 3 : 1 stoichiometry. Upon heating and/or pressing, the Na+⋯DMF chains break and the replacement of a DMF molecule with a ClO4 - anion per Na+ ion leads to the conversion of the 3 : 1 stoichiometry to a 2 : 1 stoichiometry. The simulations reveal the anisotropic nature of pressure induced stoichiometric conversion. The results provide molecular level understanding of a solvate sponge crystal with novel and desirable physical castability properties for device fabrication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Prakash
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Energy Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008 India
- Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar Gujarat 382355 India
| | - Shylendran Ardhra
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Energy Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008 India
| | - Birane Fall
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University 1901-N 13th St. Philadelphia PA 19086 USA
| | - Michael J Zdilla
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University 1901-N 13th St. Philadelphia PA 19086 USA
| | - Stephanie L Wunder
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University 1901-N 13th St. Philadelphia PA 19086 USA
| | - Arun Venkatnathan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Energy Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008 India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Park SK, Diao Y. Martensitic transition in molecular crystals for dynamic functional materials. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:8287-8314. [PMID: 33021272 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00638f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Molecular martensitic materials are an emerging class of smart materials with enormous tunability in physicochemical properties, attributed to the tailored molecular and crystal structures through molecular design. This class of materials exhibits ultrafast and reversible structural transitions in response to thermal and mechanical stimuli, which underlies fascinating properties such as thermoelasticity, superelasticity, ferroelasticity, and shape memory effect. These dynamic properties are not widely explored in molecular crystals and therefore molecular martensitic materials represent a new frontier in the field of solid-state chemistry. In martensitic transitions, the materials not only exhibit substantial shape changes but also remember the functions in the associated polymorphic phases. This suggests promising applicability towards light-weight actuators, lifts, dampers, sensors, shape-/function-memory and ultraflexible optoelectronic devices. In this article, we review characteristics, detailed transition mechanisms, and potential applications of molecular martensitic materials. In particular, we aim to describe transition characteristics by collecting cases with similar transition principles in order to glean insights into further advancement of molecular martensitic materials. Overall, we believe that molecular martensitic materials are emerging as the next generation smart materials that have shown promise in advancing a wide range of domains of applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Kyu Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bhandary S, Thompson AJ, McMurtrie JC, Clegg JK, Ghosh P, Mangalampalli SRNK, Takamizawa S, Chopra D. The mechanism of bending in a plastically flexible crystal. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:12841-12844. [PMID: 32968742 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05904h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mechanically adaptable molecular crystals have potential applications in flexible smart materials and devices. Here, we report the mechanism of plastic deformation in single crystals of a small organic molecule (N-(4-ethynylphenyl)-3-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide) that can be repeatedly irreversibly bent and returned to its original shape without concomitant delamination or loss of integrity. Along with the quantification of the crystals' local and bulk mechanical properties (hardness, indentation modulus and Young's modulus), micro-focus synchrotron X-ray diffraction mapping show that upon deformation, molecular layers lined with trifluoromethyl groups cooperatively slip past one another resulting in their impressive plastic malleability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhrajyoti Bhandary
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India.
| | - Amy J Thompson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - John C McMurtrie
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia and Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Jack K Clegg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Peuli Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India.
| | - S R N Kiran Mangalampalli
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, India
| | - Satoshi Takamizawa
- Department of Materials System Science, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan
| | - Deepak Chopra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li S, Lu B, Fang X, Yan D. Manipulating Light‐Induced Dynamic Macro‐Movement and Static Photonic Properties within 1D Isostructural Hydrogen‐Bonded Molecular Cocrystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:22623-22630. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Bo Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Fang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Dongpeng Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li S, Lu B, Fang X, Yan D. Manipulating Light‐Induced Dynamic Macro‐Movement and Static Photonic Properties within 1D Isostructural Hydrogen‐Bonded Molecular Cocrystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Bo Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Fang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Dongpeng Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Shen Y, Zong S, Dang L, Wei H. Solubility and thermodynamics of probenecid-4,4′-azopyridine cocrystal in pure and binary solvents. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
19
|
Taniguchi T, Sato H, Hagiwara Y, Asahi T, Koshima H. Photo-triggered phase transition of a crystal. Commun Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s42004-019-0121-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
|
20
|
Khalil A, Karothu DP, Naumov P. Direct Quantification of Rapid and Efficient Single-Stroke Actuation by a Martensitic Transition in a Thermosalient Crystal. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:3371-3375. [PMID: 30742418 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Molecular dynamic crystals conveniently combine flexibility required for mechanical reconfiguration, strength for effective translation of elastic energy, and long-range order of mechanically coupled molecules for rapid conversion of disordered motion (heat) or photons (light) into ordered motion (work). By direct measurement of the actuation force generated by crystals of a thermosalient solid, here we describe the first direct quantification of the work performed and energy conversion that can be accomplished by using dynamic crystals as supramolecular actuators. Upon reversible α-to-γ phase transition, crystals of (phenylazophenyl)palladium hexafluoroacetylacetonate of submillimeter to millimeter size exert forces in the range of 1-100 mN upon longitudinal and lateral expansion. This work translates to a volumetric power density of about 1-3 MW m-3 and efficiency comparable to the existing multicomponent actuators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Khalil
- New York University Abu Dhabi , P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates
| | - Durga Prasad Karothu
- New York University Abu Dhabi , P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates
| | - Panče Naumov
- New York University Abu Dhabi , P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates.,Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study , Harvard University , 10 Garden St , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gentili D, Gazzano M, Melucci M, Jones D, Cavallini M. Polymorphism as an additional functionality of materials for technological applications at surfaces and interfaces. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:2502-2517. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00283e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This tutorial aims to divulge to the chemistry community the information that polymorphism can be directly exploited as a property in a variety of technological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Gentili
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
- 40129 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Massimo Gazzano
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e Fotoreattività (ISOF)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
- 40129 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Manuela Melucci
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e Fotoreattività (ISOF)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
- 40129 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Derek Jones
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e Fotoreattività (ISOF)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
- 40129 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Massimiliano Cavallini
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
- 40129 Bologna
- Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gupta P, Karothu DP, Ahmed E, Naumov P, Nath NK. Thermally Twistable, Photobendable, Elastically Deformable, and Self‐Healable Soft Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201802785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Gupta
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Meghalaya India
| | | | - Ejaz Ahmed
- New York University Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Panče Naumov
- New York University Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Naba K. Nath
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Meghalaya India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gupta P, Karothu DP, Ahmed E, Naumov P, Nath NK. Thermally Twistable, Photobendable, Elastically Deformable, and Self‐Healable Soft Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:8498-8502. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Gupta
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Meghalaya India
| | | | - Ejaz Ahmed
- New York University Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Panče Naumov
- New York University Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Naba K. Nath
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Meghalaya India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Effect of Crystal Packing on the Thermosalient Effect of the Pincer-Type Diester Naphthalene-2,3-diyl-bis(4-fluorobenzoate): A New Class II Thermosalient Solid. Chemistry 2018; 24:4133-4139. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
25
|
Dharmarwardana M, Arimilli BS, Luzuriaga MA, Kwon S, Lee H, Appuhamillage GA, McCandless GT, Smaldone RA, Gassensmith JJ. The thermo-responsive behavior in molecular crystals of naphthalene diimides and their 3D printed thermochromic composites. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce00798e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alteration of the number of carbon atoms on the alkoxyphenyl substituent in naphthalene diimides results in tunable thermo-salient behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhargav S. Arimilli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Texas at Dallas
- Richardson
- USA
| | - Michael A. Luzuriaga
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Texas at Dallas
- Richardson
- USA
| | - Sunah Kwon
- Department of Material Science and Engineering
- University of Texas at Dallas
- Richardson
- USA
| | - Hamilton Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Texas at Dallas
- Richardson
- USA
| | | | | | - Ronald A. Smaldone
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Texas at Dallas
- Richardson
- USA
| | - Jeremiah J. Gassensmith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Texas at Dallas
- Richardson
- USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gu H, Cao D, Kong J, Gu J, Jiang Q, Li Y, Wang B, Yan X, Chen Y, Ryu JE, Hu M, Yan Y, Guo Z, Edwards BJ, Young DP. Introducing Engineered Science. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.30919/es8d128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|