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Kumari S, Nehra M, Jain S, Dilbaghi N, Chaudhary GR, Kim KH, Kumar S. Metallosurfactant aggregates: Structures, properties, and potentials for multifarious applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 323:103065. [PMID: 38091690 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.103065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Metallosurfactants offer important scientific and technological advances due to their novel interfacial properties. As a special class of structures formed by the integration of metal ions into amphiphilic surfactant molecules, these metal-based amphiphilic molecules possess both organometallic and surface chemistries. This review critically examines the structural transitions of metallosurfactants from micelle to vesicle upon metal coordination. The properties of a metallosurfactant can be changed by tuning the coordination between the metal ions and surfactants. The self-assembled behavior of surfactants can be controlled by selecting transition-metal ions that enhance their catalytic efficiency in environmental applications by applying a hydrogen evolution reaction or oxygen evolution reaction. We present the different scattering techniques available to examine the properties of metallosurfactants (e.g., size, shape, structure, and aggregation behavior). The utility of metallosurfactants in catalysis, the synthesis of nanoparticles, and biomedical applications (involving diagnostics and therapeutics) is also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Kumari
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University Chandigarh, 160014, India; Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Monika Nehra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Shikha Jain
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Neeraj Dilbaghi
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Ganga Ram Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India; Physics Department, Punjab Engineering College (Deemed to be University), Chandigarh 160012, India.
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2
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Trallero J, Camacho M, Marín-García M, Álvarez-Marimon E, Benseny-Cases N, Barnadas-Rodríguez R. Properties and cellular uptake of photo-triggered mixed metallosurfactant vesicles intended for controlled CO delivery in gas therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 228:113422. [PMID: 37356136 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The scientific relevance of carbon monoxide has increased since it was discovered that it is a gasotransmitter involved in several biological processes. This fact stimulated research to find a secure and targeted delivery and lead to the synthesis of CO-releasing molecules. In this paper we present a vesicular CO delivery system triggered by light composed of a synthetized metallosurfactant (TCOL10) with two long carbon chains and a molybdenum-carbonyl complex. We studied the characteristics of mixed TCOL10/phosphatidylcholine metallosomes of different sizes. Vesicles from 80 to 800 nm in diameter are mainly unilamellar, do not disaggregate upon dilution, in the dark are physically and chemically stable at 4 °C for at least one month, and exhibit a lag phase of about 4 days before they show a spontaneous CO release at 37 °C. Internalization of metallosomes by cells was studied as function of the incubation time, and vesicle concentration and size. Results show that large vesicles are more efficiently internalized than the smaller ones in terms of the percentage of cells that show TCOL10 and the amount of drug that they take up. On balance, TCOL10 metallosomes constitute a promising and viable approach for efficient delivery of CO to biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Trallero
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Biophysics Unit/Center for Biophysical Studies, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Mercedes Camacho
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - Centre CERCA, Genomics of Complex Diseases, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maribel Marín-García
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Biophysics Unit/Center for Biophysical Studies, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Elena Álvarez-Marimon
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Biophysics Unit/Center for Biophysical Studies, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Núria Benseny-Cases
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Biophysics Unit/Center for Biophysical Studies, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Consorcio para la Construcción Equipamiento y Explotacion del Laboratorio de Luz Sincrotron, ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Ramon Barnadas-Rodríguez
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Biophysics Unit/Center for Biophysical Studies, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
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3
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Garg P, Kaur B, Kaur G, Chaudhary GR. Design and applications of metallo-vesicular structures using inorganic-organic hybrids. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 302:102621. [PMID: 35276534 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
In advanced biomedical diagnosis, various supramolecular assemblies based on inorganic-organic hybrids have found great interest as functional materials. These assemblies describe a new field of metallovesicles where the introduction of metal ions enables the chemical manipulation of assemblies in terms of their structural stability, redox activity, and pH stability. Additionally, they mimic the elaborative architecture of natural liposomal assemblies and exhibit hierarchical morphologies, and promise novel functions. With the constant developments in this field, various supramolecular assemblies such as MCsomes, Polymersomes, and Metallosomes, etc. came into existence. These hybrid assemblies have been utilized for several applications such as drug delivery, MRI contrasting, DNA delivery, and catalytic activity. The key advantage of these assemblies is their ability to deliver therapeutics to specific locations due to their biomimetic properties and release their contents at the desired time. Hence, they provide a valuable platform for the treatment of a variety of diseases. Through the present article, we intend to provide insights into the latest developments made in this field. This modularity underscores the tremendous promise of supramolecular assemblies as an emerging interdisciplinary research branch at the interface of chemistry and biological sciences.
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Li C, Li Q, Wang Z, Han X. Phospholipid Self-Assemblies Shaped Like Ancient Chinese Coins for Artificial Organelles. Anal Chem 2020; 92:6060-6064. [PMID: 32207619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipid self-assemblies are ubiquitous in organisms. Nonspherical lipid-based proto-organelles bear the merits with structures similar to real organelles. It is still a challenge to mimic mass transport between organelles inside cells. Herein, unusual phospholipid self-assemblies shaped like ancient Chinese coins (ACC) were discovered by the recrystallization of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in an ethanol/water solution from 50 to 25 °C with a certain cooling rate. Their diameter and the ratio of the square edge to the disk diameter were controlled by varying ethanol percentage, lipid concentration, and cooling rate. The ACC-shaped phospholipid bicelles expanded to stacked cisterna structures in pure water, which were regarded as artificial organelles. Mass transport among organelles in a cell was mimicked via the membrane fusion of vesicle shuttles and artificial organelles, which induced cascade enzyme reactions inside artificial organelles. The ACC-shaped phospholipid assemblies provide nice platforms for the studies of cell biology and bottom-up synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Qingchuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiaojun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin 150001, China
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Borràs J, Mesa V, Suades J, Barnadas-Rodríguez R. Direct Synthesis of Rhenium and Technetium-99m Metallosurfactants by a Transmetallation Reaction of Lipophilic Groups: Potential Applications in the Radiolabeling of Liposomes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:1993-2002. [PMID: 31995988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A new zinc dithiocarbamate functionalized with palmitoyl groups is described as a useful tool for the preparation of metallosurfactants through a transmetallation reaction with the transition metals rhenium and technetium. An amphiphilic rhenium complex is synthesized by a transmetallation reaction with the zinc complex in presence of the polar phosphine sodium triphenylphosphine trisulfonate, which leads to a rhenium complex with a lipophilic dithiocarbamate and a polar phosphine ligand. The study of this rhenium complex has shown that it self-aggregates, leading to the formation of aggregates that have been analyzed by dynamic light scattering and cryotransmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). In addition, this amphiphilic rhenium complex is incorporated into soy phosphatidylcholine liposomes, whether liposomes are prepared by mixing phospholipid and the rhenium complex or by the incorporation of the rhenium complex into preformed liposomes. The one-pot reaction of the radiocompound [99mTc(H2O)3(CO)3]+ with the above-mentioned zinc dithiocarbamate, the phosphine sodium triphenylphosphine trisulfonate and the phospholipid soy phosphatidylcholine, leads to liposomes labeled with a Tc-99m homologous complex of the rhenium complex, in accordance with the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Borràs
- Departament de Quı́mica, Edifici C, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Verónica Mesa
- Departament de Quı́mica, Edifici C, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan Suades
- Departament de Quı́mica, Edifici C, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ramon Barnadas-Rodríguez
- Unitat de Biofı́sica/Centre d'Estudis en Biofı́sica, Departament de Bioquı́mica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
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6
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Wagay TA, Ismail K, Askari H. Assessment of the aggregation and adsorption behavior of newly synthesized tetradecylpyridinium-based metallosurfactants and their interaction with bovine serum albumin. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj02169e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tetradecylpyridinium (TP) based metallosurfactants, TP2[MCl4] (M = Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn): synthesis, aggregation behavior and interaction with bovine serum albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Ahmad Wagay
- Department of Chemistry
- North-Eastern Hill University
- NEHU Campus
- Shillong – 793022
- India
| | - K. Ismail
- Department of Chemistry
- North-Eastern Hill University
- NEHU Campus
- Shillong – 793022
- India
| | - Hassan Askari
- Department of Chemistry
- North-Eastern Hill University
- NEHU Campus
- Shillong – 793022
- India
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Turcan-Trofin GO, Zaltariov MF, Iacob M, Tiron V, Branza F, Racles C, Cazacu M. Copper(II) complexes with spherical morphology generated in one step by amphiphilic ligands: in situ view of the self-assembling, characterization, catalytic activity. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kaur B, Chaudhary GR, Kaur G. Cholesterol-induced physicochemical changes in dodecylamine-based metallosomes: drug entrapping ability and interactions with biological molecules. J Mater Chem B 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00607a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Multivesicular metallosomes have been synthesized from metal functionalized amphiphiles. They have been thoroughly characterized and explored for their entrapment efficiency towards drug and other biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baljinder Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh 160 014
- India
| | - Ganga Ram Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh 160 014
- India
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh 160 014
- India
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Wang J, Wang AZ, Lv P, Tao W, Liu G. Advancing the Pharmaceutical Potential of Bioinorganic Hybrid Lipid-Based Assemblies. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1800564. [PMID: 30250799 PMCID: PMC6145262 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bioinspired lipid assemblies that mimic the elaborate architecture of natural membranes have fascinated researchers for a long time. These lipid assemblies have gone from being just an imperative platform for biophysical research to a pharmaceutical delivery system for biomedical applications. Despite success, these organized nanosystems are often subject to the mechanical instability and limited theranostic capability without adding any inconvenient modifications. To reach their advanced pharmaceutical potential, various bioinorganic hybrid lipid-based assembles, which provide new opportunities to synergistically complement and improve therapeutic/diagnostic potential of existing lipid-based nanomedicine with distinct mechanisms containing inorganic embedded surfactants, have recently been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational MedicineSchool of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of AnesthesiologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Angela Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational MedicineSchool of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
- Blood Cancer Cytogenetics and Genomics LaboratoryDepartment of Anatomical and Cellular PathologyPrince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong S.A.R.China
| | - Peng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational MedicineSchool of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
| | - Wei Tao
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of AnesthesiologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational MedicineSchool of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress BiologyInnovation Center for Cell BiologySchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & InstrumentationCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen361005China
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10
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Sakla R, Jose DA. Vesicles Functionalized with a CO-Releasing Molecule for Light-Induced CO Delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:14214-14220. [PMID: 29600840 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a new type of methodology to deliver carbon monoxide (CO) for biological applications has been introduced. An amphiphilic manganese carbonyl complex (1.Mn) incorporated into the 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine lipid vesicles has been reported first time for the photoinduced release of CO. The liposomes (Ves-1.Mn) gradually released CO under light at 365 nm over a period of 50 min with a half-time of 26.5 min. The CO-releasing ability of vesicles appended with 1.Mn complexes has been confirmed by myoglobin assay and infrared study. The vesicles appended with 1.Mn have the advantages of biocompatibility, water solubility, and steady and slow CO release. This approach could be a rational approach for applying various water-insoluble photoinduced CO donors in aqueous media by using vesicles as a nanocarrier for CO release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Sakla
- Department of Chemistry , National Institute of Technology (NIT) Kurukshetra , Kurukshetra 136119 , Haryana , India
| | - D Amilan Jose
- Department of Chemistry , National Institute of Technology (NIT) Kurukshetra , Kurukshetra 136119 , Haryana , India
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11
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Hallett AJ, Placet E, Prieux R, McCafferty D, Platts JA, Lloyd D, Isaacs M, Hayes AJ, Coles SJ, Pitak MB, Marchant S, Marriott SN, Allemann RK, Dervisi A, Fallis IA. Exploring the cellular uptake and localisation of phosphorescent rhenium fac-tricarbonyl metallosurfactants as a function of lipophilicity. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:14241-14253. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00669e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The cellular distribution of amphiphilic rhenium(i) complexes is tuned by the nature of the axial donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Hallett
- School of Chemistry
- Main Building
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff CF10 3AT
- UK
| | - Emeline Placet
- School of Chemistry
- Main Building
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff CF10 3AT
- UK
| | - Roxane Prieux
- School of Chemistry
- Main Building
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff CF10 3AT
- UK
| | | | - James A. Platts
- School of Chemistry
- Main Building
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff CF10 3AT
- UK
| | | | - Marc Isaacs
- Confocal Microscopy Unit
- Cardiff School of Biosciences
- Cardiff
- UK
| | | | - Simon J. Coles
- UK National Crystallographic Service
- Chemistry
- Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences
- University of Southampton
- Southampton
| | - Mateusz B. Pitak
- UK National Crystallographic Service
- Chemistry
- Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences
- University of Southampton
- Southampton
| | | | | | | | - Athanasia Dervisi
- School of Chemistry
- Main Building
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff CF10 3AT
- UK
| | - Ian A. Fallis
- School of Chemistry
- Main Building
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff CF10 3AT
- UK
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12
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Marín-García M, Benseny-Cases N, Camacho M, Perrie Y, Suades J, Barnadas-Rodríguez R. Metallosomes for biomedical applications by mixing molybdenum carbonyl metallosurfactants and phospholipids. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:14293-14303. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01584h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
New photo-CORM metallosomes with low cell toxicity were prepared from organometallic metallosurfactants and phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Marín-García
- Biophysics Unit/Center for Biophysical Studies
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Faculty of Medicine
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
- 08193 Cerdanyola
| | | | - M. Camacho
- Laboratory of Angiology
- Vascular Biology and Inflammation/Institute of Biomedical Research
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i de Sant Pau
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
- 08025 Barcelona
| | - Y. Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow G4 0RE
- UK
| | - J. Suades
- Departament de Química
- Edifici C
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
- 08193 Cerdanyola
- Spain
| | - R. Barnadas-Rodríguez
- Biophysics Unit/Center for Biophysical Studies
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Faculty of Medicine
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
- 08193 Cerdanyola
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13
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Ohtani R, Tokita T, Takaya T, Iwata K, Kinoshita M, Matsumori N, Nakamura M, Lindoy LF, Hayami S. The impact of metal complex lipids on viscosity and curvature of hybrid liposomes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:13249-13252. [PMID: 29184922 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc07944c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A morphology transformation of hybrid liposomes was shown to occur from spherical vesicles to tubular micelles when increasing the ratio of the metal complex lipid present. Phase transition temperatures increased while viscosities decreased, indicating that the hybrids exhibit stronger interaction between heads but weaker interaction between alkyl chains than occurs in pristine liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Ohtani
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan.
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