1
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Kiseleva N, Filatov MA, Fischer JC, Kaiser M, Jakoby M, Busko D, Howard IA, Richards BS, Turshatov A. BODIPY-pyrene donor-acceptor sensitizers for triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion: the impact of the BODIPY-core on upconversion efficiency. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:3568-3578. [PMID: 35084007 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05382e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) is an important type of optical process with applications in biophotonics, solar energy harvesting and photochemistry. In most of the TTA-UC systems, the formation of triplet excited states takes place via spin-orbital interactions promoted by heavy atoms. Given the crucial role of heavy atoms (especially noble metals, such as Pd and Pt) in promoting intersystem crossing (ISC) and, therefore, in production of UC luminescence, the feasibility of using more readily available and inexpensive sensitizers without heavy atoms remains a challenge. Here, we investigated sensitization of TTA-UC using BODIPY-pyrene heavy-atom-free donor-acceptor dyads with different numbers of alkyl groups in the BODIPY scaffold. The molecules with four and six alkyl groups are unable to sensitize TTA-UC in the investigated solvents (tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dichloromethane (DCM)) due to negligible ISC. In contrast, the dyad with two methyl groups in the BODIPY scaffold and the dyad with unsubstituted BODIPY demonstrate efficient intersystem crossing (ISC) of 49-58%, resulting in TTA-UC with quantum yields of 4.7% and 6.9%, respectively. The analysis of the elementary steps of the TTA-UC process indicates that heavy-atom-free donor-acceptor dyads are less effective than their noble metal counterparts, but may equal them in the future if the right combination of solvent, donor-acceptor sensitizer structure, and new luminescent molecules as TTA-UC emitters can be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kiseleva
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshofen, Germany.
| | - Mikhail A Filatov
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Jan C Fischer
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshofen, Germany.
| | - Milian Kaiser
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshofen, Germany.
| | - Marius Jakoby
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshofen, Germany.
| | - Dmitry Busko
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshofen, Germany.
| | - Ian A Howard
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshofen, Germany. .,Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bryce S Richards
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshofen, Germany. .,Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andrey Turshatov
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshofen, Germany.
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2
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Schad C, Avellanal-Zaballa E, Rebollar E, Ray C, Duque-Redondo E, Moreno F, Maroto BL, Bañuelos J, García-Moreno I, De la Moya S. Triplet–triplet sensitizing within pyrene-based COO-BODIPY: a breaking molecular platform for annihilating photon upconversion. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:27441-27448. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04006a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Upconverted fluorescence assisted by triplet–triplet annihilation from heavy-atom-free photoactivatable multichromophoric organic assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Schad
- Dpto. de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Edurne Avellanal-Zaballa
- Dpto. de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Esther Rebollar
- Dpto. de Química-Física de Materiales, Instituto de Química Física “Rocasolano”, CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - César Ray
- Dpto. de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Duque-Redondo
- Dpto. de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Florencio Moreno
- Dpto. de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz L. Maroto
- Dpto. de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Bañuelos
- Dpto. de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Inmaculada García-Moreno
- Dpto. de Química-Física de Materiales, Instituto de Química Física “Rocasolano”, CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago De la Moya
- Dpto. de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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3
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Sample HC, Emandi G, Twamley B, Grover N, Khurana B, Sol V, Senge MO. Synthesis and Properties of BODIPY Appended Tetraphenylethylene Scaffolds as Photoactive Arrays. European J Org Chem 2021; 2021:4136-4143. [PMID: 34588920 PMCID: PMC8457078 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tetraphenylethylene (TPE) and its derivatives exhibit excellent aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties. The TPE unit is easily accessible, and many functional groups can be introduced in a facile manner to yield effective luminescent materials in both solution and the solid-state. It is because of this, several TPE-based compounds have been developed and applied in many areas, such as OLEDs and chemical sensors. Boron dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) are a class of pyrrolic fluorophore of great interest with myriad application in both material science and biomedical applications. Through the combination of Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions and traditional dipyrromethene chemistry, we present the syntheses of novel tetra-BODIPY-appended TPE derivatives with different distances between the TPE and BODIPY cores. The TPE-BODIPY arrays 6 and 9 show vastly differing AIE properties in THF/H2O systems, with 9 exhibiting dual-AIE, along with both conjugates being found to produce singlet oxygen (1O2). We presume the synthesized BODIPY-appended TPE scaffolds to be utilized for potential applications in the fields of light-emitting systems and theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry C. Sample
- School of ChemistryTrinity College DublinThe University of DublinTrinity Biomedical Sciences Institute152–160 Pearse StreetDublin 2Ireland
| | - Ganapathi Emandi
- School of ChemistryTrinity College DublinThe University of DublinTrinity Biomedical Sciences Institute152–160 Pearse StreetDublin 2Ireland
| | - Brendan Twamley
- School of ChemistryTrinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublin 2Ireland
| | - Nitika Grover
- School of ChemistryTrinity College DublinThe University of DublinTrinity Biomedical Sciences Institute152–160 Pearse StreetDublin 2Ireland
| | - Bhavya Khurana
- School of ChemistryTrinity College DublinThe University of DublinTrinity Biomedical Sciences Institute152–160 Pearse StreetDublin 2Ireland
- Université de LimogesLaboratoire PEIRENE, EA 75008700LimogesFrance
| | - Vincent Sol
- Université de LimogesLaboratoire PEIRENE, EA 75008700LimogesFrance
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- School of ChemistryTrinity College DublinThe University of DublinTrinity Biomedical Sciences Institute152–160 Pearse StreetDublin 2Ireland
- Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS)Technical University of MunichFocus Group – Molecular and Interfacial Engineering of Organic NanosystemsLichtenbergstrasse 2a85748München GarchigGermany
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4
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Buglak AA, Charisiadis A, Sheehan A, Kingsbury CJ, Senge MO, Filatov MA. Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship Modelling for the Prediction of Singlet Oxygen Generation by Heavy-Atom-Free BODIPY Photosensitizers*. Chemistry 2021; 27:9934-9947. [PMID: 33876842 PMCID: PMC8362084 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Heavy-atom-free sensitizers forming long-living triplet excited states via the spin-orbit charge transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC) process have recently attracted attention due to their potential to replace costly transition metal complexes in photonic applications. The efficiency of SOCT-ISC in BODIPY donor-acceptor dyads, so far the most thoroughly investigated class of such sensitizers, can be finely tuned by structural modification. However, predicting the triplet state yields and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation quantum yields for such compounds in a particular solvent is still very challenging due to a lack of established quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) models. In this work, the available data on singlet oxygen generation quantum yields (ΦΔ ) for a dataset containing >70 heavy-atom-free BODIPY in three different solvents (toluene, acetonitrile, and tetrahydrofuran) were analyzed. In order to build reliable QSPR model, a series of new BODIPYs were synthesized that bear different electron donating aryl groups in the meso position, their optical and structural properties were studied along with the solvent dependence of singlet oxygen generation, which confirmed the formation of triplet states via the SOCT-ISC mechanism. For the combined dataset of BODIPY structures, a total of more than 5000 quantum-chemical descriptors was calculated including quantum-chemical descriptors using density functional theory (DFT), namely M06-2X functional. QSPR models predicting ΦΔ values were developed using multiple linear regression (MLR), which perform significantly better than other machine learning methods and show sufficient statistical parameters (R=0.88-0.91 and q2 =0.62-0.69) for all three solvents. A small root mean squared error of 8.2 % was obtained for ΦΔ values predicted using MLR model in toluene. As a result, we proved that QSPR and machine learning techniques can be useful for predicting ΦΔ values in different media and virtual screening of new heavy-atom-free BODIPYs with improved photosensitizing ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A. Buglak
- Faculty of PhysicsSaint-Petersburg State UniversityUniversiteteskaya Emb. 7–9199034St. PetersburgRussia
| | - Asterios Charisiadis
- Chair of Organic Chemistry School of Chemistry Trinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College Dublin The University of Dublin152-160Pearse StreetDublin 2Ireland
| | - Aimee Sheehan
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesTechnological University DublinCity Campus, Kevin StreetDublin 8Ireland
| | - Christopher J. Kingsbury
- Chair of Organic Chemistry School of Chemistry Trinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College Dublin The University of Dublin152-160Pearse StreetDublin 2Ireland
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS)Technical University of MunichLichtenberg-Str. 2a85748GarchingGermany
| | - Mikhail A. Filatov
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesTechnological University DublinCity Campus, Kevin StreetDublin 8Ireland
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5
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Ahmad W, Wang J, Li H, Ouyang Q, Wu W, Chen Q. Strategies for combining triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion sensitizers and acceptors in a host matrix. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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6
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Bassan E, Gualandi A, Cozzi PG, Ceroni P. Design of BODIPY dyes as triplet photosensitizers: electronic properties tailored for solar energy conversion, photoredox catalysis and photodynamic therapy. Chem Sci 2021; 12:6607-6628. [PMID: 34040736 PMCID: PMC8132938 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00732g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BODIPYs are renowned fluorescent dyes with strong and tunable absorption in the visible region, high thermal and photo-stability and exceptional fluorescence quantum yields. Transition metal complexes are the most commonly used triplet photosensitisers, but, recently, the use of organic dyes has emerged as a viable and more sustainable alternative. By proper design, BODIPY dyes have been turned from highly fluorescent labels into efficient triplet photosensitizers with strong absorption in the visible region (from green to orange). In this perspective, we report three design strategies: (i) halogenation of the dye skeleton, (ii) donor-acceptor dyads and (iii) BODIPY dimers. We compare pros and cons of these approaches in terms of optical and electrochemical properties and synthetic viability. The potential applications of these systems span from energy conversion to medicine and key examples are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bassan
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna Italy
| | - Andrea Gualandi
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna Italy
| | - Pier Giorgio Cozzi
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna Italy
| | - Paola Ceroni
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna Italy
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7
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Callaghan S, Vindstad BE, Flanagan KJ, Melø TB, Lindgren M, Grenstad K, Gederaas OA, Senge MO. Structural, Photophysical, and Photobiological Studies on BODIPY‐Anthracene Dyads. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Callaghan
- Medicinal Chemistry Trinity Translational Medicine Institute Trinity Centre for Health Sciences Trinity College Dublin The University of Dublin St. James's Hospital Dublin 8 Ireland
| | - Benedikte E. Vindstad
- Department of Physics Norwegian University of Science and Technology 7491 Trondheim Norway
| | - Keith J. Flanagan
- Medicinal Chemistry Trinity Translational Medicine Institute Trinity Centre for Health Sciences Trinity College Dublin The University of Dublin St. James's Hospital Dublin 8 Ireland
| | - Thor B. Melø
- Department of Physics Norwegian University of Science and Technology 7491 Trondheim Norway
| | - Mikael Lindgren
- Department of Physics Norwegian University of Science and Technology 7491 Trondheim Norway
| | - Kristin Grenstad
- Department of Physics Norwegian University of Science and Technology 7491 Trondheim Norway
| | - Odrun A. Gederaas
- Department of Physics Norwegian University of Science and Technology 7491 Trondheim Norway
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- Medicinal Chemistry Trinity Translational Medicine Institute Trinity Centre for Health Sciences Trinity College Dublin The University of Dublin St. James's Hospital Dublin 8 Ireland
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8
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Kiseleva N, Busko D, Richards BS, Filatov MA, Turshatov A. Determination of Upconversion Quantum Yields Using Charge-Transfer State Fluorescence of Heavy-Atom-Free Sensitizer as a Self-Reference. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:6560-6566. [PMID: 32702988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of photon upconversion via triplet-triplet annihilation is characterized by an upconversion quantum yield (ΦUC); however, uncertainties remain for its determination. Here, we present a new approach for the relative measurement of ΦUC for green-to-blue upconversion using BODIPY-pyrene donor-acceptor dyad (BD1) as a heavy-atom-free triplet sensitizer. This new approach exploits broad fluorescence from a charge-transfer (CT) state of BD1, which possesses (i) a significant Stokes shift of 181 nm in dichloromethane and (ii) a comparably high CT-fluorescence quantum yield (Φref = 7.0 ± 0.2%), which is independent from oxygen presence and emitter (perylene) concentration while also exhibiting a linear intensity dependence. On the basis of this, we developed an upconversion reference using the BD1 sensitizer mixed with perylene (1 × 10-5 M/1 × 10-4 M) in dichloromethane. With this reference system, we investigated the performance of three BODIPY donor-acceptor dyads in the upconversion process and achieved one of the highest ΦUC of 6.9 ± 0.2% observed for heavy-atom-free sensitizers to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kiseleva
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshofen, Germany
| | - Dmitry Busko
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshofen, Germany
| | - Bryce S Richards
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshofen, Germany
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mikhail A Filatov
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Andrey Turshatov
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshofen, Germany
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9
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Kiseleva N, Nazari P, Dee C, Busko D, Richards BS, Seitz M, Howard IA, Turshatov A. Lanthanide Sensitizers for Large Anti-Stokes Shift Near-Infrared-to-Visible Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Photon Upconversion. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:2477-2481. [PMID: 32148036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The upconversion of near-infrared (NIR) to visible (vis) photons is of interest for display technologies and energy conversion. Although triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) offers a mechanism for upconversion that works efficiently at low incident irradiance flux densities, current strategies for NIR-vis upconversion based on TTA have fundamental limitations. Herein, we report a strategy for NIR-vis TTA based on lanthanide-containing complexes to sensitize the upconversion. We demonstrate a β-diketonate complex of Yb3+ paired with rubrene that emits yellow (λem = 559 nm) under NIR excitation (λexc = 980 nm). This corresponds to an exceptional anti-Stokes shift of just less than 1 eV. Thus, lanthanide complexes could unlock high-performance NIR-vis upconversion, with lanthanide sensitizers overcoming the energy loss, reabsorption, and short triplet lifetime that fundamentally limit porphyrin, nanocrystals, and direct S0-T1 sensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kiseleva
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Pariya Nazari
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Carolin Dee
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dmitry Busko
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Bryce S Richards
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael Seitz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ian A Howard
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andrey Turshatov
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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10
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Filatov MA. Heavy-atom-free BODIPY photosensitizers with intersystem crossing mediated by intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 18:10-27. [PMID: 31750502 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02170a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Organic photosensitizers possessing efficient intersystem crossing (ISC) and forming long-living triplet excited states, play a crucial role in a number of applications. A common approach in the design of such dyes relies on the introduction of heavy atoms (e.g. transition metals or halogens) into the structure, which promote ISC via spin-orbit coupling interaction. In recent years, alternative methods to enhance ISC have been actively studied. Among those, the generation of triplet excited states through photoinduced electron transfer (PET) in heavy-atom-free molecules has attracted particular attention because it allows for the development of photosensitizers with programmed triplet state and fluorescence quantum yields. Due to their synthetic accessibility and tunability of optical properties, boron dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) are so far the most perspective class of photosensitizers operating via this mechanism. This article reviews recently reported heavy-atom-free BODIPY donor-acceptor dyads and dimers which produce long-living triplet excited states and generate singlet oxygen. Structural factors which affect PET and concomitant triplet state formation in these molecules are discussed and the reported data on triplet state yields and singlet oxygen generation quantum yields in various solvents are summarized. Finally, examples of recent applications of these systems are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail A Filatov
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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11
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Lv F, Yu Y, Hao E, Yu C, Wang H, Boens N, Jiao L. Highly regioselective α-formylation and α-acylation of BODIPY dyes via tandem cross-dehydrogenative coupling with in situ deprotection. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:5121-5128. [PMID: 31073552 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00927b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A metal-free C-H formylation and acylation of BODIPY dyes using a variety of dioxolane derivatives as aldehyde equivalents is reported, providing a postfunctionalization method for controllable synthesis of BODIPYs with carbonyl groups at 3,5-positions via a radical process. The photophysical properties of resultant dyes from this efficient one-pot, chemo- and site-selective transformation have been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China.
| | - Yang Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China.
| | - Erhong Hao
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China.
| | - Changjiang Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China.
| | - Hua Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China.
| | - Noёl Boens
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200f, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Lijuan Jiao
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China.
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12
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Wang J, Li Y, Gong Q, Wang H, Hao E, Lo PC, Jiao L. β-AlkenylBODIPY Dyes: Regioselective Synthesis via Oxidative C-H Olefination, Photophysical Properties, and Bioimaging Studies. J Org Chem 2019; 84:5078-5090. [PMID: 30964680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A series of 2-alkenyl- and 2,6-dialkenylboron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivatives were synthesized through Pd(II)-catalyzed regioselective and stereoselective oxidative C-H olefination in one step. The 2-alkenyl BODIPY derivative further reacted with various amines regioselectively at the 5-position through direct oxidative nucleophilic substitution. The photophysical properties of the 2-alkenyl- and 2,6-dialkenyl-substituted BODIPYs were investigated, which showed great potential in fluorescent bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science , Anhui Normal University , Wuhu 241000 , China
| | - Yongxin Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon , Hong Kong, S.A.R. China
| | - Qingbao Gong
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science , Anhui Normal University , Wuhu 241000 , China
| | - Hua Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science , Anhui Normal University , Wuhu 241000 , China
| | - Erhong Hao
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science , Anhui Normal University , Wuhu 241000 , China
| | - Pui-Chi Lo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon , Hong Kong, S.A.R. China
| | - Lijuan Jiao
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science , Anhui Normal University , Wuhu 241000 , China
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13
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Lv F, Tang B, Hao E, Liu Q, Wang H, Jiao L. Transition-metal-free regioselective cross-coupling of BODIPYs with thiols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:1639-1642. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09821b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal-free, regioselective C–H/S–H cross-couplings of BODIPYs with thiols provides structurally diverse thiolated BODIPYs via a radical pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu
| | - Bing Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu
| | - Erhong Hao
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu
| | - Qingyun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shandong University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Hua Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu
| | - Lijuan Jiao
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu
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14
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Tang B, Lv F, Chen K, Jiao L, Liu Q, Wang H, Hao E. Development of BODIPY dyes with versatile functional groups at 3,5-positions from diacyl peroxides via Cu(ii)-catalyzed radical alkylation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:4691-4694. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01602c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A Cu(ii)-catalyzed, α-regioselective C–H alkylation of BODIPY with alkyl diacyl peroxides provides structurally diverse alkylated BODIPYs via a radical pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu
- China
| | - Fan Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu
- China
| | - Kangkang Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu
- China
| | - Lijuan Jiao
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu
- China
| | - Qingyun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shandong University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Hua Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu
- China
| | - Erhong Hao
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu
- China
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15
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Callaghan S, Filatov MA, Savoie H, Boyle RW, Senge MO. In vitro cytotoxicity of a library of BODIPY-anthracene and -pyrene dyads for application in photodynamic therapy. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:495-504. [DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00402a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A library of heavy atom-free BODIPY-anthracene and -pyrene dyads capable of generating singlet oxygen via a PeT mechanism have been synthesized and their in vitro activity has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Callaghan
- School of Chemistry
- SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute
- Trinity College Dublin
- The University of Dublin
| | - Mikhail A. Filatov
- School of Chemistry
- SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute
- Trinity College Dublin
- The University of Dublin
| | - Huguette Savoie
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Hull
- Kingston-upon-Hull HU6 7RX
- UK
| | - Ross W. Boyle
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Hull
- Kingston-upon-Hull HU6 7RX
- UK
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- Medicinal Chemistry
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute
- Trinity Centre for Health Sciences
- Trinity College Dublin
- The University of Dublin
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16
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Callaghan S, Senge MO. The good, the bad, and the ugly - controlling singlet oxygen through design of photosensitizers and delivery systems for photodynamic therapy. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:1490-1514. [PMID: 29569665 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00008e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen, although integral to photodynamic therapy, is notoriously uncontrollable, suffers from poor selectivity and has fast decomposition rates in biological media. Across the scientific community, there is a conscious effort to refine singlet oxygen interactions and initiate selective and controlled release to produce a consistent and reproducible therapeutic effect in target tissue. This perspective aims to provide an insight into the contemporary design principles behind photosensitizers and drug delivery systems that depend on a singlet oxygen response or controlled release. The discussion will be accompanied by in vitro and in vivo examples, in an attempt to highlight advancements in the field and future prospects for the more widespread application of photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Callaghan
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mathias O Senge
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland and Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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17
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Filatov MA, Karuthedath S, Polestshuk PM, Callaghan S, Flanagan KJ, Wiesner T, Laquai F, Senge MO. BODIPY-Pyrene and Perylene Dyads as Heavy-Atom-Free Singlet Oxygen Sensitizers. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201800020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail A. Filatov
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin; 152-160 Pearse Street Dublin 2 Ireland
- New address: School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science; Dublin Institute of Technology; Kevin Street Dublin 8 Ireland
| | - Safakath Karuthedath
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC) Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE) Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE); King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Pavel M. Polestshuk
- Department of Chemistry; M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; Leninskie Gory, 1/3 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Susan Callaghan
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin; 152-160 Pearse Street Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Keith J. Flanagan
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin; 152-160 Pearse Street Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Thomas Wiesner
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin; 152-160 Pearse Street Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Frédéric Laquai
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC) Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE) Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE); King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin; 152-160 Pearse Street Dublin 2 Ireland
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18
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Filatov MA, Karuthedath S, Polestshuk PM, Callaghan S, Flanagan KJ, Telitchko M, Wiesner T, Laquai F, Senge MO. Control of triplet state generation in heavy atom-free BODIPY–anthracene dyads by media polarity and structural factors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:8016-8031. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08472b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Heavy atom-free BODIPY–anthracene dyads show triplet excited state formation via PeT, controlled by molecular rotation and environmental polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail A. Filatov
- School of Chemistry
- SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute
- Trinity College Dublin
- The University of Dublin
| | - Safakath Karuthedath
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC)
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE)
- Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE)
- Thuwal 23955-6900
| | - Pavel M. Polestshuk
- Department of Chemistry
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
- Moscow 119991
- Russia
| | - Susan Callaghan
- School of Chemistry
- SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute
- Trinity College Dublin
- The University of Dublin
| | - Keith J. Flanagan
- School of Chemistry
- SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute
- Trinity College Dublin
- The University of Dublin
| | - Maxime Telitchko
- School of Chemistry
- SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute
- Trinity College Dublin
- The University of Dublin
| | - Thomas Wiesner
- School of Chemistry
- SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute
- Trinity College Dublin
- The University of Dublin
| | - Frédéric Laquai
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC)
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE)
- Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE)
- Thuwal 23955-6900
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- School of Chemistry
- SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute
- Trinity College Dublin
- The University of Dublin
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