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Zhang L, Meggers E. Chiral-at-metal catalysts: history, terminology, design, synthesis, and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2025; 54:1986-2005. [PMID: 39836047 PMCID: PMC11749197 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs01043d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2025]
Abstract
For decades, advances in chiral transition metal catalysis have been closely tied to the development of customized chiral ligands. Recently, however, an alternative approach to this traditional metal-plus-chiral-ligand method has emerged. In this new strategy, chiral transition metal catalysts are composed entirely of achiral ligands, with the overall chirality originating exclusively from a stereogenic metal center. This "chiral-at-metal" approach offers the benefit of structural simplicity. More importantly, by removing the need for chiral elements within the ligand framework, it opens up new possibilities for designing innovative catalyst architectures with unique properties. As a result, chiral-at-metal catalysis is becoming an increasingly important area of research. This review offers a comprehensive overview and detailed insights into asymmetric chiral-at-metal catalysis, encouraging scientists to explore new avenues in asymmetric transition metal catalysis and driving innovation in both fundamental and applied research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilu Zhang
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Eric Meggers
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
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Chen X, Zhao Y, Huang C, Zhao Z, Zhao W, Li SW. Catalytic asymmetric conjugate addition of coumarins to unsaturated ketones catalyzed by a chiral-at-metal Rh(III) complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 60:236-239. [PMID: 38054345 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04726a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The first catalytic asymmetric vinylogous Michael addition of coumarins to unsaturated ketones catalyzed by chiral rhodium catalysts has been established. This strategy allowed the synthesis of a variety of highly enantioenriched compounds containing coumarin skeletons in 41-99% yields and 84-99% ee. The developed reaction enriches the chemistry of catalytic asymmetric vinylogous Michael additions of 3-cyano-4-methylcoumarins. Furthermore, the protocol showed obvious advantages in reaction enantioselectivity. When the chiral rhodium catalyst was reduced to 0.06 mol%, a Gram-level reaction was still achieved to provide the desired products with 99% ee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjie Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yujie Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cheng Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhifei Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- College of Life Science & Technology, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shi-Wu Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, People's Republic of China.
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Chen X, An Y, Du G, Zhao Y, He L, Zhao J, Li SW. Catalytic Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of 2-Methyl-3,5-dinitrobenzoates to Unsaturated Ketones. J Org Chem 2022; 87:5497-5509. [PMID: 35420811 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric catalytic vinylogous Michael addition of 2-methyl-3,5-dinitrobenzoates to unsaturated ketones catalyzed by chiral rhodium catalysts has been established. This strategy allowed the synthesis of a variety of optically pure compounds containing imidazole and 3,5-dinitrobenzene skeletons in 64-98% yields with 88-98% ee. The developed reaction not only represents highly asymmetric catalytic enantioselective vinylogous Michael addition employing 2-methyl-3,5-dinitrobenzoates as a building block but also enriches the chemistry of catalytic asymmetric vinylogous Michael addition of 2-methyl-3,5-dinitrobenzoates. Furthermore, the protocol showed obvious advantages in reaction activity and enantioselectivity. When the chiral rhodium catalyst was reduced to 0.06 mol %, the gram-level reaction was still achieved to provide the desired product with 95% ee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjie Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi An
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangfen Du
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin He
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jixing Zhao
- Analysis and Testing Center of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Wu Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, People's Republic of China
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Grell Y, Xie X, Ivlev SI, Meggers E. Enantioselective α-Fluorination and α-Chlorination of N-Acyl Pyrazoles Catalyzed by a Non- C2-Symmetric Chiral-at-Rhodium Catalyst. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Grell
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Xiulan Xie
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Sergei I. Ivlev
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Eric Meggers
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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Wan Q, Chen L, Li S, Kang Q, Yuan Y, Du Y. Enantioselective Synthesis of Multisubstituted Spirocyclopentane Oxindoles Enabled by Pd/Chiral Rh(III) Complex Synergistic Catalysis. Org Lett 2020; 22:9539-9544. [PMID: 33263254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wan
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Shiwu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Yaofeng Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Yu Du
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
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Wu ZY, Zhang ZW, Ding LL, Xiang M, Luo SY. Development of a novel octahedron rhodium complex and its application to the alkynylation of isatin derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Grell Y, Demirel N, Harms K, Meggers E. Chiral Bis(oxazoline) Ligands as C2-Symmetric Chiral Auxiliaries for the Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure Bis-Cyclometalated Rhodium(III) Complexes. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Grell
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Nemrud Demirel
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Harms
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Eric Meggers
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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Li SW, Du Y, Kang Q. A chiral-at-metal asymmetric catalyzed vinylogous Michael addition of ortho-methyl aromatic nitro compounds for isoxazole derivative synthesis. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00676a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A chiral-at-metal rhodium(iii) complex catalyzed asymmetric vinylogous Michael addition of 5-methyl 4-nitroisoxazoles with α,β-unsaturated 2-acyl imidazoles has been developed, delivering the corresponding adducts with up to 96% yield and 97% ee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Wu Li
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
| | - Yu Du
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
| | - Qiang Kang
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
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Zhang H, Li S, Kang Q, Du Y. Chiral-at-metal rhodium(iii) complex catalyzed enantioselective synthesis of C2-substituted benzofuran derivatives. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo01022j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An enantioselective C2-nucleophilic functionalization of 3-aminobenzofurans has been realized under catalysis of chiral rhodium(iii) complexes, affording a large array of C2-substituted benzofuran derivatives in high yields and enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
| | - Shiwu Li
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
| | - Qiang Kang
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
| | - Yu Du
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
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