1
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Wang Y, Chen W, Lai Y, Duan A. Activation Model and Origins of Selectivity for Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed Diradical Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23527-23532. [PMID: 37788159 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
To develop new radical synthesis strategies, a profound understanding of the electronic transfer mechanism is critical. An activation model called relayed proton-coupled electron transfer (relayed-PCET) was developed and investigated for chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed diradical reactions by density functional theory (DFT). The driving force of electron transfer from the nucleophile to the electrophile is the proton transfer that occurs via the chiral phosphoric acid (CPA) catalyst to the electrophile. Moreover, the origins of the selectivity can be explained by distortion of the catalyst, favorable hydrogen bonding, and strong interactions of the substrates with substituents of the CPAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Weichi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yilei Lai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Abing Duan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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2
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Wu W, Zhao X, Chen G, Liu L, Li Y, Chen T, James TD, Liu Y. Overlooked potential of N, N-bidentate directing-groups in Ni-catalyzed C-H functionalization of benzamides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:482-485. [PMID: 36530042 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06177e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The Ni-catalyzed reactions of benzamides with bicyclic alkenes were explored using DFT calculations. An unprecedented "N-H deprotonation circumvented" catalytic mechanism was proposed, over the more common N-H/C-H activation mechanism, in which (i) the circumvention of N-H deprotonation ensures the presence of N-H⋯O hydrogen bond interaction, thereby stabilizing the critical ortho-C-H functionalization TS; and (ii) the N-H moiety retention results in a weak N⋯Ni σ-coordination, which is flexible to the configurational conversion during the key alkene insertion. These overlooked aspects of the functionalized N,N-bidentate directing groups will aid the design of new related catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weirong Wu
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xufang Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi' an 710021, China.
| | - Guang Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi' an 710021, China.
| | - Lingjun Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, P. R. China
| | - Yulin Li
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research & Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resuorces, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining 810001, Qinghai, P. R. China
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research & Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resuorces, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining 810001, Qinghai, P. R. China
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK. .,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Yuxia Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi' an 710021, China.
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3
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Muzart J. Cross-dehydrogenative annelation of arynes with C(sp2)–H/N–H or C(sp2)–H/O–H frameworks under Pd or Cu catalysis. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Ghosh S, Chattopadhyay SK. UNUSUAL REGIOSELECTIVITY IN PALLADIUM‐CATALYZED TANDEM C,H‐ARYLATION AND C,H‐AMIDATION OF CIS‐CINNAMYL HYDROXAMATES: FACILE SYNTHESIS OF 3‐ARYL‐2‐QUINOLONES. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhankar Ghosh
- University of Kalyani Faculty of Science Department of Chemistry B-block 741235 Kalyani INDIA
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5
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Das Adhikari GK, Pati BV, Nanda T, Biswal P, Banjare SK, Ravikumar PC. Co(II)-Catalyzed C-H/N-H Annulation of Cyclic Alkenes with Indole-2-carboxamides at Room Temperature: One-Step Access to β-Carboline-1-one Derivatives. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4438-4448. [PMID: 35226810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report herein a cobalt-catalyzed 8-aminoquinoline-directed highly regio- and stereoselective C-H/N-H activation annulation of indole-2-carboxamides with 1,2-dihydronaphthalene for the synthesis of β-carboline-1-one derivatives at room temperature. A cheaper and commercially available cobalt catalyst has been used for this transformation. The protocol tolerates a wide range of functionalities, affording β-carboline-1-one derivatives in good yields. An initial mechanistic study revealed a reversible cyclometalation to be operative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Krushna Das Adhikari
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Bedadyuti Vedvyas Pati
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Tanmayee Nanda
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Pragati Biswal
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Shyam Kumar Banjare
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Ponneri C Ravikumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
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6
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M. Honnanayakanavar J, Owk O, Suresh S. Recent Advances in the Tandem Copper-Catalyzed Ullmann-Goldberg N-Arylation–Cyclization Strategies. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:2993-3028. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00082b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N‒Aryl bond formation under copper catalysis has been playing a pivotal role and has been extensively used as a key step in the total syntheses of several therapeutic molecules. The...
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7
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Petropavlovskikh DA, Vorobyeva DV, Godovikov IA, Nefedov SE, Filippov OA, Osipov SN. Lossen rearrangement by Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H activation/annulation of aryl hydroxamates with alkynes: access to quinolone-containing amino acid derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:9421-9426. [PMID: 34668894 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01711j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A convenient and robust method for the preparation of new CF3-containing 2-quinolones has been developed via a Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H activation/Lossen rearrangement/annulation cascade of N-pivaloyloxy-arylamides with internal alkynes bearing an α-CF3-α-amino acid moiety on the triple bond. This work expands the scope of valuable products that are available through C-H activation/annulation reactions of arylamides in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A Petropavlovskikh
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Daria V Vorobyeva
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Ivan A Godovikov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Sergey E Nefedov
- N. S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 31, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg A Filippov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Sergey N Osipov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov str. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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8
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Chandra P. Recent Advancement in the Copper Mediated Synthesis of Heterocyclic Amides as Important Pharmaceutical and Agrochemicals. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Chandra
- School of Technology Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University Gandhinagar Gujarat 382007 India
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9
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Carvalho RL, de Miranda AS, Nunes MP, Gomes RS, Jardim GAM, Júnior ENDS. On the application of 3d metals for C-H activation toward bioactive compounds: The key step for the synthesis of silver bullets. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:1849-1938. [PMID: 34386103 PMCID: PMC8329403 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Several valuable biologically active molecules can be obtained through C-H activation processes. However, the use of expensive and not readily accessible catalysts complicates the process of pharmacological application of these compounds. A plausible way to overcome this issue is developing and using cheaper, more accessible, and equally effective catalysts. First-row transition (3d) metals have shown to be important catalysts in this matter. This review summarizes the use of 3d metal catalysts in C-H activation processes to obtain potentially (or proved) biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato L Carvalho
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Amanda S de Miranda
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mateus P Nunes
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Roberto S Gomes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Guilherme A M Jardim
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Centre for Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos – UFSCar, CEP 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Eufrânio N da Silva Júnior
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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10
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Sunnam SK, Belani JD. Aryne Multicomponent Reactions by Directed C-H Activation. Chemistry 2021; 27:8846-8850. [PMID: 33848022 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Arylation via ortho C-H activation by the aid of directing groups has been explored recently by many researchers. Herein, a palladium-catalyzed C-H arylation using 8-aminoquinoline as a bidentate directing group has been developed. The reaction furnishes only C-H arylation, unlike previous methods where cyclization to corresponding isoquinolones is observed. More interestingly, sequential C-H functionalization was observed when methylacrylate and acrylonitrile was added; this led to C-H olefination with the aryl group, which was installed from the aryne precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Sunnam
- College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.,Present address: Dr. Reddy's Laboratories, IPDO, Sy No 42 45 46 & 54, Bachupally, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500090, India
| | - Jitendra D Belani
- College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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11
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Xu YZ, Tian JW, Sha F, Li Q, Wu XY. Concise Synthesis of Chromene/Chromane-Type Aryne Precursors and Their Applications. J Org Chem 2021; 86:6765-6779. [PMID: 33852309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The gram-scale synthesis of 5,6-, 6,7-, and 7,8-chromene/chromane-type aryne precursors and their applications in regioselective transformation to other functional derivatives is reported. Chromene/chromane-type arynes are generated under mild conditions, which can further undergo [2 + 2], [3 + 2], and [4 + 2] cycloaddition reactions, nucleophilic addition reactions, and σ-insertion reactions to produce structurally novel substituted chromenes and chromanes. The excellent regioselectivity of the reaction is facilitated by the oxygen-containing guiding groups at the ortho-position of the triple bond, which can be removed or switched to other functional groups including alkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and arylamino groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ze Xu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jia-Wei Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Feng Sha
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qiong Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xin-Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Lianggui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
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13
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Wang HW, Qiao YH, Wu JX, Wang QP, Tian MX, Li YF, Yao QX, Li DC, Dou JM, Lu Y. Rh III-Catalyzed C-H (Het)arylation/Vinylation of N-2,6-Difluoroaryl Acrylamides. Org Lett 2021; 23:656-662. [PMID: 33443430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RhIII-catalyzed sp2 C-H cross-coupling of acrylamides with organoboron reactants has been accomplished using a commercially available N-2,6-difluoroaryl acrylamide auxiliary. A broad range of aryl and vinyl boronates as well as a variety of heterocyclic boronates with strong coordinating ability can serve as the coupling partners. This transformation proceeds under moderate reaction conditions with excellent functional group tolerance and high regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Wei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Yu-Han Qiao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Jia-Xue Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Qiu-Ping Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Meng-Xin Tian
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Yong-Fei Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Qing-Xia Yao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Da-Cheng Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Jian-Min Dou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Coordination Chemistry Institute, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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14
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Hong WP, Shin I, Lim HN. Recent Advances in One-Pot Modular Synthesis of 2-Quinolones. Molecules 2020; 25:E5450. [PMID: 33233747 PMCID: PMC7699938 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that 2-quinolones are broadly applicable chemical structures in medicinal and agrochemical research as well as various functional materials. A number of current publications about their synthesis and their applications emphasize the importance of these small molecules. The early synthetic chemistry originated from the same principle of the classical Friedländer and Knorr procedures for the preparation of quinolines. The analogous processes were developed by applying new synthetic tools such as novel catalysts, the microwave irradiation method, etc., whereas recent innovations in new bond forming reactions have allowed for novel strategies to construct the core structures of 2-quinolones beyond the bond disconnections based on two classical reactions. Over the last few decades, some reviews on structure-based, catalyst-based, and bioactivity-based studies have been released. In this focused review, we extensively surveyed recent examples of one-pot reactions, particularly in view of modular approaches. Thus, the contents are categorized as three major sections (two-, three-, and four-component reactions) according to the number of reagents that ultimately compose atoms of the core structures of 2-quinolones. The collected synthetic methods are discussed from the perspectives of strategy, efficiency, selectivity, and reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Pyo Hong
- School of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Daegu Catholic University, 13-13, Hayang-ro, Hayang-eup, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk 38430, Korea;
| | - Inji Shin
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Korea
| | - Hee Nam Lim
- Eco-Friendly New Materials Research Center, Therapeutics&Biotechnology Division, 141, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea
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15
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Liu TQ, Zheng F, Ma X, Ding TM, Chen S, Jiang W, Zhang SY, Lu Q. High heat-resistant polyimide films containing quinoxaline moiety for flexible substrate applications. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Aneeja T, Neetha M, Afsina CMA, Anilkumar G. Progress and prospects in copper-catalyzed C-H functionalization. RSC Adv 2020; 10:34429-34458. [PMID: 35514395 PMCID: PMC9056871 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06518h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper-catalyzed C-H functionalization is becoming a significant area in organic chemistry. Copper is now widely used as a catalyst in organic synthesis as it is inexpensive and not very toxic. Functionalization of C-H bonds to construct wide varieties of organic compounds has received much attention in recent times. This review focuses on the recent advances in Cu-catalyzed C-H functionalization and covers literature from 2018-2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaipparambil Aneeja
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P.O. Kottayam Kerala 686560 India (+91) 481-2731036
| | - Mohan Neetha
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P.O. Kottayam Kerala 686560 India (+91) 481-2731036
| | - C M A Afsina
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P.O. Kottayam Kerala 686560 India (+91) 481-2731036
| | - Gopinathan Anilkumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P.O. Kottayam Kerala 686560 India (+91) 481-2731036
- Advanced Molecular Materials Research Centre (AMMRC), Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P.O. Kottayam Kerala 686560 India
- Institute for Integrated Programmes and Research in Basic Sciences (IIRBS), Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P.O. Kottayam Kerala 686560 India
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17
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Yang Y, Cao F, Yao L, Shi T, Tang B, Kuninobu Y, Wang Z. C-N and C-O Bond Formation in Copper-Catalyzed/Mediated sp 3 C-H Activation: Mechanistic Studies from Experimental and Computational Aspects. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9713-9726. [PMID: 32678601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic studies on Cu-catalyzed/mediated sp3 C-H amidation and acetoxylation are investigated from experimental and computational aspects. The concerted metalation-deprotonation (CMD) mechanism rather than a radical-involved pathway is proved to occur in amidation and acetoxylation reactions, and this is the rare example of the CMD mechanism involved in the more challenging sp3 C-H activations. Theoretical calculations demonstrated that CMD is the rate-determining step either for methylic or benzylic positions in amidation and acetoxylation reactions, and intermolecular nucleophilic addition of acetate anions is more favorable than the ring opening of β-lactams and intramolecular acetoxylation. These mechanistic studies on the divergent and condition-dependent product formation are critical for developing Cu-promoted C-H functionalization via the CMD mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, West Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Fei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Linbin Yao
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Tao Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, West Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Bencan Tang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Yoichiro Kuninobu
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, West Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
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18
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Li Q, Huang J, Chen G, Wang SB. Copper-catalyzed ortho-C(sp 2)-H amination of benzamides and picolinamides with alkylamines using oxygen as a green oxidant. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:4802-4814. [PMID: 32538423 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00784f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A versatile Cu-catalyzed direct ortho-C(sp2)-H amination of benzamides and picolinamides with alkylamines has been achieved. This method employs cheap and eco-friendly copper as a catalyst and oxygen as an oxidant, and also has the advantages of straightforward steps and excellent functional group compatibility. Further application of our approach was demonstrated by the synthesis of TCMDC-125116, SPHINX, and SRPIN340.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Jie Huang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Gong Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shui-Bo Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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19
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Correia JTM, Piva da Silva G, Kisukuri CM, André E, Pires B, Carneiro PS, Paixão MW. Metal-Free Photoinduced Hydroalkylation Cascade Enabled by an Electron-Donor–Acceptor Complex. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9820-9834. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José Tiago M. Correia
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil 13565-905
| | - Gustavo Piva da Silva
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil 13565-905
| | - Camila M. Kisukuri
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil 13565-905
| | - Elias André
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil 13565-905
| | - Bruno Pires
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil 13565-905
| | - Pablo S. Carneiro
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil 13565-905
| | - Márcio W. Paixão
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil 13565-905
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20
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Wang L, Zhou J, Chen HQ, Li DL, Lin JB, Li K, Ding TM, Zhang SY. Fe-Catalyzed Sequential C(sp 3)-H/N-H Annulation of 2-Methylindoles with Ethyl Trifluoropyruvate at Room Temperature: Construction of Pyrrolo[1,2-α]indoles. Org Lett 2020; 22:4716-4720. [PMID: 32498522 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and benign iron-catalyzed room-temperature method was developed for direct sequential C(sp3)-H/N-H annulation to construct pyrroloindole scaffolds. This strategy features cheap and readily available raw materials and mild room-temperature reaction conditions and provides a green and practical method for the one-pot rapid synthesis of a wide range of diversely functionalized pyrrolo[1,2-α]indoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Han-Qia Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Dong-Li Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Jun-Bing Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, No. 325, Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tong-Mei Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shu-Yu Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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21
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Lu T, Shen Y, Wang M, Zhang Z, Li S, Xie C. Aerobic Cu-catalyzed oxidative 1 : 2 coupling of benzynes with terminal alkynes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:8214-8217. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03150j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aryl-Cu(iii) may serve as an intermediate in Cu-catalyzed aerobic 1 : 2 couplings of arynes with terminal alkynes, allowing for one-step assemblies of arenediynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Lu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 311121
- P. R. China
| | - Yong Shen
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 311121
- P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 311121
- P. R. China
| | - Zibing Zhang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 311121
- P. R. China
| | - Shijun Li
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 311121
- P. R. China
| | - Chunsong Xie
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 311121
- P. R. China
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22
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Wootton TL, Porter JA, Grewal KS, Chirila PG, Forbes S, Coles SJ, Horton PN, Hamilton A, Whiteoak CJ. Merging Cu-catalysed C–H functionalisation and intramolecular annulations: computational and experimental studies on an expedient construction of complex fused heterocycles. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00283f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A copper-catalysed protocol for the synthesis of fused dihydrobenzofuran-isoquinolone compounds through an intramolecular annulation of readily accessible benzamide substrates is reported, along with a full DFT study into the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy L. Wootton
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre (BMRC) and Department of Biosciences and Chemistry
- Faculty of Health and Wellbeing
- Sheffield Hallam University
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - Jack A. Porter
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre (BMRC) and Department of Biosciences and Chemistry
- Faculty of Health and Wellbeing
- Sheffield Hallam University
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - Karmjit S. Grewal
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre (BMRC) and Department of Biosciences and Chemistry
- Faculty of Health and Wellbeing
- Sheffield Hallam University
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - Paula G. Chirila
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre (BMRC) and Department of Biosciences and Chemistry
- Faculty of Health and Wellbeing
- Sheffield Hallam University
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - Sarah Forbes
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre (BMRC) and Department of Biosciences and Chemistry
- Faculty of Health and Wellbeing
- Sheffield Hallam University
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - Simon J. Coles
- UK National Crystallographic Service
- Chemistry
- Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences
- University of Southampton
- Southampton
| | - Peter N. Horton
- UK National Crystallographic Service
- Chemistry
- Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences
- University of Southampton
- Southampton
| | - Alex Hamilton
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre (BMRC) and Department of Biosciences and Chemistry
- Faculty of Health and Wellbeing
- Sheffield Hallam University
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - Christopher J. Whiteoak
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre (BMRC) and Department of Biosciences and Chemistry
- Faculty of Health and Wellbeing
- Sheffield Hallam University
- Sheffield
- UK
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23
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Li YK, Cui MX, Sha F, Li Q, Wu XY. Construction of indazolo[3,2-a]isoquinolines via [3 + 2] cycloaddition of benzynes. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:8963-8968. [PMID: 31576394 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01878f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A [3 + 2] annulation protocol for the construction of N-substituted indazolo[3,2-a]isoquinolines starting from benzynes and C,N-cyclic azomethine imines was developed. A diverse range of highly functionalized products indazolo[3,2-a]isoquinolines featuring an indazole scaffold can be easily accessed via a one-step reaction under mild conditions, and they show good anti-proliferative activity on cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Kun Li
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Ming-Xin Cui
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Feng Sha
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Qiong Li
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Xin-Yan Wu
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
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24
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Zhou J, Zhu GD, Wang L, Tan FX, Jiang W, Ma ZG, Kang JC, Hou SH, Zhang SY. Remote C6-Enantioselective C–H Functionalization of 2,3-Disubstituted Indoles through the Dual H-Bonds and π–π Interaction Strategy Enabled by CPAs. Org Lett 2019; 21:8662-8666. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs & School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Guo-Dong Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs & School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Le Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs & School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Fu-Xin Tan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs & School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs & School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Zhi-Gang Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs & School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Jun-Chen Kang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs & School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Si-Hua Hou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs & School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Shu-Yu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs & School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
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25
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Zhu Y, Hui L, Niu Y, Lv L, Zhu K. Reaction of Cycloalkene‐1‐carboxamides with Aryl Boronates via Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed C−H Activation: A Versatile Route to 3,4‐Cycloalkaquinolin‐2(1
H
)‐ones. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- You‐Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Li‐Wen Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Yun‐Xia Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Lin‐Ge Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
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26
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Huang J, Ding J, Ding TM, Zhang S, Wang Y, Sha F, Zhang SY, Wu XY, Li Q. Cobalt-Catalyzed Ortho-C(sp 2)-H Amidation of Benzaldehydes with Dioxazolones Using Transient Directing Groups. Org Lett 2019; 21:7342-7345. [PMID: 31478381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and convenient cobalt-catalyzed ortho-C(sp2)-H amidation of benzaldehydes employing dioxazolones as the aminating reagent has been developed. The key feature of this protocol is the use of green and economic earth-abundant metals cobalt as the catalyst with the p-chloroaniline as the transient directing group. Further application of our approach was demonstrated by the synthesis of C1r serine protease inhibitor 45 and elastase inhibitor 49.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Jun Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Tong-Mei Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Shuiyi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Yaqiu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Feng Sha
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Shu-Yu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Xin-Yan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Qiong Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
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27
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Zhao J, Li H, Li P, Wang L. Annulation of Benzamides with Arynes Using Palladium with Photoredox Dual Catalysis. J Org Chem 2019; 84:9007-9016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Hongji Li
- Department of Chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Pinhua Li
- Department of Chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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28
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Omer H, Liu P. Computational Study of the Ni-Catalyzed C-H Oxidative Cycloaddition of Aromatic Amides with Alkynes. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:5209-5220. [PMID: 31459693 PMCID: PMC6648058 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of Ni-catalyzed ortho C(sp2)-H oxidative cycloaddition of aromatic amides with internal alkynes containing 2-pyridinylmethylamine directing group was investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The C-H cleavage step proceeds via σ-complex-assisted metathesis (σ-CAM) with an alkenyl-Ni(II) complex. This is in contrast to the more common carboxylate/carbonate-assisted concerted metalation-deprotonation mechanism in related Ni-catalyzed C-H bond functionalization reactions with N,N-bidentate directing groups. In this reaction, the alkyne not only serves as the coupling partner, but also facilitates the σ-CAM C-H metalation both kinetically and thermodynamically. The subsequent functionalization of the five-membered nickelacycle proceeds via alkyne insertion into the Ni-C bond to form a seven-membered nickelacycle. This process proceeds with high levels of regioselectivity to form a C-C bond with sterically more encumbered alkyne terminus. This unusual regioselectivity is due to steric repulsions with the directing group that is coplanar with the alkyne in the migratory insertion transition state. The C-N bond reductive elimination to form the isoquinolone cycloadduct is promoted by PPh3 complexation to the Ni center and the use of flexible 2-pyridinylmethylamine directing group. The origin of the cis-trans isomerism of alkene byproduct was also explained by computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humair
M. Omer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University
of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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