1
|
Ablyasova O, Guo M, Zamudio-Bayer V, Kubin M, Gitzinger T, da Silva Santos M, Flach M, Timm M, Lundberg M, Lau JT, Hirsch K. Electronic Structure of the Complete Series of Gas-Phase Manganese Acetylacetonates by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:7121-7131. [PMID: 37590497 PMCID: PMC10476195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c02794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Metal centers in transition metal-ligand complexes occur in a variety of oxidation states causing their redox activity and therefore making them relevant for applications in physics and chemistry. The electronic state of these complexes can be studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy, which is, however, due to the complex spectral signature not always straightforward. Here, we study the electronic structure of gas-phase cationic manganese acetylacetonate complexes Mn(acac)1-3+ using X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the metal center and ligand constituents. The spectra are well reproduced by multiconfigurational wave function theory, time-dependent density functional theory as well as parameterized crystal field and charge transfer multiplet simulations. This enables us to get detailed insights into the electronic structure of ground-state Mn(acac)1-3+ and extract empirical parameters such as crystal field strength and exchange coupling from X-ray excitation at both the metal and ligand sites. By comparison to X-ray absorption spectra of neutral, solvated Mn(acac)2,3 complexes, we also show that the effect of coordination on the L3 excitation energy, routinely used to identify oxidation states, can contribute about 40-50% to the observed shift, which for the current study is 1.9 eV per oxidation state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olesya
S. Ablyasova
- Physikalisches
Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Abteilung
für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Meiyuan Guo
- SSRL,
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Department
of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vicente Zamudio-Bayer
- Abteilung
für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Kubin
- Abteilung
für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim Gitzinger
- Physikalisches
Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Abteilung
für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mayara da Silva Santos
- Physikalisches
Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Abteilung
für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Max Flach
- Physikalisches
Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Abteilung
für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Timm
- Abteilung
für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Lundberg
- Department
of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J. Tobias Lau
- Physikalisches
Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Abteilung
für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Konstantin Hirsch
- Abteilung
für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kumaki F, Nagasaka M, Fukaya R, Okano Y, Yamashita S, Nozawa S, Adachi SI, Adachi JI. Operando time-resolved soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy for photoexcitation processes of metal complexes in solutions. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:104201. [PMID: 36922146 DOI: 10.1063/5.0129814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Operando time-resolved soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy (TR-SXAS) is an effective method to reveal the photochemical processes of metal complexes in solutions. In this study, we have developed the TR-SXAS measurement system for observing various photochemical reactions in solutions by the combination of laser pump pulses with soft x-ray probe pulses from the synchrotron radiation. For the evaluation of the developed TR-SXAS system, we have measured nitrogen K-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) spectra of aqueous iron phenanthroline solutions during a photoinduced spin transition process. The decay process of the high spin state to the low spin state in the iron complex has been obtained from the ligand side by N K-edge XAS, and the time constant is close to that obtained from the central metal side by time-resolved Fe K-edge XAS in the previous studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumitoshi Kumaki
- Department of Materials Structure Science, School of High Energy Accelerator Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | | | - Ryo Fukaya
- Department of Materials Structure Science, School of High Energy Accelerator Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Okano
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shohei Yamashita
- Department of Materials Structure Science, School of High Energy Accelerator Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Nozawa
- Department of Materials Structure Science, School of High Energy Accelerator Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Adachi
- Department of Materials Structure Science, School of High Energy Accelerator Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Adachi
- Department of Materials Structure Science, School of High Energy Accelerator Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fernando NK, Bostrom HLB, Murray CA, Owen RL, Thompson AL, Dickerson JL, Garman EF, Cairns AB, Regoutz A. Variability in X-ray induced effects in [Rh(COD)Cl] 2 with changing experimental parameters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:28444-28456. [PMID: 36399064 PMCID: PMC7614095 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03928a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
X-ray characterisation methods have undoubtedly enabled cutting-edge advances in all aspects of materials research. Despite the enormous breadth of information that can be extracted from these techniques, the challenge of radiation-induced sample change and damage remains prevalent. This is largely due to the emergence of modern, high-intensity X-ray source technologies and the growing potential to carry out more complex, longer duration in situ or in operando studies. The tunability of synchrotron beamlines enables the routine application of photon energy-dependent experiments. This work explores the structural stability of [Rh(COD)Cl]2, a widely used catalyst and precursor in the chemical industry, across a range of beamline parameters that target X-ray energies of 8 keV, 15 keV, 18 keV and 25 keV, on a powder X-ray diffraction synchrotron beamline at room temperature. Structural changes are discussed with respect to absorbed X-ray dose at each experimental setting associated with the respective photon energy. In addition, the X-ray radiation hardness of the catalyst is discussed, by utilising the diffraction data collected at the different energies to determine a dose limit, which is often considered in protein crystallography and typically overlooked in small molecule crystallography. This work not only gives fundamental insight into how damage manifests in this organometallic catalyst, but will encourage careful consideration of experimental X-ray parameters before conducting diffraction on similar radiation-sensitive organometallic materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie K. Fernando
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Hanna L. B. Bostrom
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Claire A. Murray
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Robin L. Owen
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Amber L. Thompson
- Chemical Crystallography, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Joshua L. Dickerson
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Elspeth F. Garman
- Department of Biochemistry, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Andrew B. Cairns
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Royal School of Mines, Exhibition Road, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Anna Regoutz
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zabilska A, Clark AH, Ferri D, Nachtegaal M, Kröcher O, Safonova OV. Beware of beam damage under reaction conditions: X-ray induced photochemical reduction of supported VO x catalysts during in situ XAS experiments. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:21916-21926. [PMID: 36069029 PMCID: PMC9641748 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02721f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a powerful technique for the investigation of heterogeneous catalysts and electrocatalysts. The obtained XAS spectra are usually interpreted from the point of view of the investigated chemical processes, thereby sometimes omitting the fact that intense X-ray irradiation may induce additional transformations in metal speciation and, thus, in the corresponding XAS spectra. In this work, we report on X-ray induced photochemical reduction of vanadium in supported vanadia (VOx) catalysts under reaction conditions, detected at a synchrotron beamline. While this process was not observed in an inert atmosphere and in the presence of water vapor, it occurred at room temperature in the presence of a reducing agent (ethanol or hydrogen) alone or mixed with oxygen. Temperature programmed experiments have shown that X-ray induced reduction of VOx species appeared very clear at 30-100 °C but was not detected at higher temperatures, where the thermocatalytic ethanol oxidative hydrogenation (ODH) takes place. Similar to other studies on X-ray induced effects, we suggest approaches, which can help to mitigate vanadium photoreduction, including defocusing of the X-ray beam and attenuation of the X-ray beam intensity by filters. To recognize beam damage under in situ/operando conditions, we suggest performing X-ray beam switching (on and off) tests at different beam intensities under in situ conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zabilska
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adam H Clark
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
| | - Davide Ferri
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
| | | | - Oliver Kröcher
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Delcey MG, Lindblad R, Timm M, Bülow C, Zamudio-Bayer V, von Issendorff B, Lau JT, Lundberg M. Soft x-ray signatures of ionic manganese-oxo systems, including a high-spin manganese(V) complex. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:3598-3610. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03667j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Manganese-oxo species catalyze key reactions, including C–H bond activation or dioxygen formation in natural photosynthesis. To better understand relevant reaction intermediates, we characterize electronic states and geometric structures of [MnOn]+...
Collapse
|
6
|
Fransson T, Alonso-Mori R, Chatterjee R, Cheah MH, Ibrahim M, Hussein R, Zhang M, Fuller F, Gul S, Kim IS, Simon PS, Bogacz I, Makita H, de Lichtenberg C, Song S, Batyuk A, Sokaras D, Massad R, Doyle M, Britz A, Weninger C, Zouni A, Messinger J, Yachandra VK, Yano J, Kern J, Bergmann U. Effects of x-ray free-electron laser pulse intensity on the Mn K β 1,3 x-ray emission spectrum in photosystem II-A case study for metalloprotein crystals and solutions. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2021; 8:064302. [PMID: 34849380 PMCID: PMC8610604 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In the last ten years, x-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) have been successfully employed to characterize metalloproteins at room temperature using various techniques including x-ray diffraction, scattering, and spectroscopy. The approach has been to outrun the radiation damage by using femtosecond (fs) x-ray pulses. An example of an important and damage sensitive active metal center is the Mn4CaO5 cluster in photosystem II (PS II), the catalytic site of photosynthetic water oxidation. The combination of serial femtosecond x-ray crystallography and Kβ x-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) has proven to be a powerful multimodal approach for simultaneously probing the overall protein structure and the electronic state of the Mn4CaO5 cluster throughout the catalytic (Kok) cycle. As the observed spectral changes in the Mn4CaO5 cluster are very subtle, it is critical to consider the potential effects of the intense XFEL pulses on the Kβ XES signal. We report here a systematic study of the effects of XFEL peak power, beam focus, and dose on the Mn Kβ1,3 XES spectra in PS II over a wide range of pulse parameters collected over seven different experimental runs using both microcrystal and solution PS II samples. Our findings show that for beam intensities ranging from ∼5 × 1015 to 5 × 1017 W/cm2 at a pulse length of ∼35 fs, the spectral effects are small compared to those observed between S-states in the Kok cycle. Our results provide a benchmark for other XFEL-based XES studies on metalloproteins, confirming the viability of this approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Fransson
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roberto Alonso-Mori
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Ruchira Chatterjee
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Mun Hon Cheah
- Department of Chemistry – Ångström Laboratory, Molecular Biomimetics, Uppsala University, SE 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mohamed Ibrahim
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Biology, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rana Hussein
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Biology, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Miao Zhang
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Biology, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Franklin Fuller
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Sheraz Gul
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - In-Sik Kim
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Philipp S. Simon
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Isabel Bogacz
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Hiroki Makita
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - Sanghoon Song
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Alexander Batyuk
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Ramzi Massad
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Margaret Doyle
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | | | - Athina Zouni
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Biology, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Vittal K. Yachandra
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Junko Yano
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jan Kern
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Uwe Bergmann
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shari'ati Y, Vura-Weis J. Polymer thin films as universal substrates for extreme ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy of molecular transition metal complexes. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2021; 28:1850-1857. [PMID: 34738939 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521010596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride thin films are explored as sample supports for extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectroscopy of molecular transition metal complexes. Thin polymer films prepared by slip-coating are flat and smooth, and transmit much more XUV light than silicon nitride windows. Analytes can be directly cast onto the polymer surface or co-deposited within it. The M-edge XANES spectra (40-90 eV) of eight archetypal transition metal complexes (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) are presented to demonstrate the versatility of this method. The films are suitable for pump/probe transient absorption spectroscopy, as shown by the excited-state spectra of Fe(bpy)32+ in two different polymer supports.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusef Shari'ati
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Josh Vura-Weis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lutz C, Hampel S, Beuermann S, Turek T, Kunz U, Garrevoet J, Falkenberg G, Fittschen U. Determination of the through-plane profile of vanadium species in hydrated Nafion studied with micro X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy - proof of concept. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2021; 28:1865-1873. [PMID: 34738941 PMCID: PMC8570217 DOI: 10.1107/s160057752100905x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Vanadium-ion transport through the polymer membrane results in a significant decrease in the capacity of vanadium redox flow batteries. It is assumed that five vanadium species are involved in this process. Micro X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy (micro-XANES) is a potent method to study chemical reactions during vanadium transport inside the membrane. In this work, protocols for micro-XANES measurements were developed to enable through-plane characterization of the vanadium species in Nafion 117 on beamline P06 of the PETRA III synchrotron radiation facility (DESY, Hamburg, Germany). A Kapton tube diffusion cell with a diameter of 3 mm was constructed. The tube diameter was chosen in order to accommodate laminar flow for cryogenic cooling while allowing easy handling of the cell components by hand. A vertical step size of 2.5 µm and a horizontal step size of 5 µm provided sufficient resolution to resolve the profile and good statistics after summing up horizontal rows of scan points. The beam was confined in the horizontal plane to account for the waviness of the membrane. The diffusion of vanadium ions during measurement was inhibited by the cryogenic cooling. Vanadium oxidation, e.g. by water radiolysis (water percentage in the hydrated membrane ∼23 wt%), was mitigated by the cryogenic cooling and by minimizing the dwell time per pixel to 5 ms. Thus, the photo-induced oxidation of V3+ in the focused beam could be limited to 10%. In diffusion experiments, Nafion inside the diffusion cell was exposed on one side to V3+ electrolyte and on the other side to VO2+. The ions were allowed to diffuse across the through-plane orientation of the membrane during one of two short defrost times (200 s and 600 s). Subsequent micro-XANES measurements showed the formation of VO2+ from V3+ and VO2+ inside the water body of Nafion. This result proves the suitability of the experimental setup as a powerful tool for the determination of the profile of vanadium species in Nafion and other ionomeric membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lutz
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Straße 4, Clausthal-Zellerfeld 38678, Germany
| | - Sven Hampel
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Straße 4, Clausthal-Zellerfeld 38678, Germany
| | - Sabine Beuermann
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Straße 4, Clausthal-Zellerfeld 38678, Germany
| | - Thomas Turek
- Institute of Chemical and Process Engineering Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstraße 17, Clausthal-Zellerfeld 38678, Germany
- Energie-Forschungszentrum Niedersachsen, Am Stollen 19A, Goslar 38640, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kunz
- Institute of Chemical and Process Engineering Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstraße 17, Clausthal-Zellerfeld 38678, Germany
- Energie-Forschungszentrum Niedersachsen, Am Stollen 19A, Goslar 38640, Germany
| | - Jan Garrevoet
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Gerald Falkenberg
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Ursula Fittschen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Straße 4, Clausthal-Zellerfeld 38678, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jay RM, Eckert S, Mitzner R, Fondell M, Föhlisch A. Quantitative evaluation of transient valence orbital occupations in a 3d transition metal complex as seen from the metal and ligand perspective. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
10
|
Lafuerza S, Retegan M, Detlefs B, Chatterjee R, Yachandra V, Yano J, Glatzel P. New reflections on hard X-ray photon-in/photon-out spectroscopy. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:16270-16284. [PMID: 32760987 PMCID: PMC7808884 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr01983f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of the electronic structure and local coordination of an element is an important aspect in the study of the chemical and physical properties of materials. This is particularly relevant at the nanoscale where new phases of matter may emerge below a critical size. X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) at synchrotron radiation sources and free electron lasers has enriched the field of X-ray spectroscopy. The spectroscopic techniques derived from the combination of X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy (XAS-XES), such as resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) and high energy resolution fluorescence detected (HERFD) XAS, are an ideal tool for the study of nanomaterials. New installations and beamline upgrades now often include wavelength dispersive instruments for the analysis of the emitted X-rays. With the growing use of XAS-XES, scientists are learning about the possibilities and pitfalls. We discuss some experimental aspects, assess the feasibility of measuring weak fluorescence lines in dilute, radiation sensitive samples, and present new experimental approaches for studying magnetic properties of colloidal nanoparticles directly in the liquid phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lafuerza
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyres, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jay RM, Vaz da Cruz V, Eckert S, Fondell M, Mitzner R, Föhlisch A. Probing Solute-Solvent Interactions of Transition Metal Complexes Using L-Edge Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:5636-5645. [PMID: 32532156 PMCID: PMC7357850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In order to tailor solution-phase chemical reactions involving transition metal complexes, it is critical to understand how their valence electronic charge distributions are affected by the solution environment. Here, solute-solvent interactions of a solvatochromic mixed-ligand iron complex were investigated using X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the transition metal L2,3-edge. Due to the selectivity of the corresponding core excitations to the iron 3d orbitals, the method grants direct access to the valence electronic structure around the iron center and its response to interactions with the solvent environment. A linear increase of the total L2,3-edge absorption cross section as a function of the solvent Lewis acidity is revealed. The effect is caused by relative changes in different metal-ligand-bonding channels, which preserve local charge densities while increasing the density of unoccupied states around the iron center. These conclusions are corroborated by a combination of molecular dynamics and spectrum simulations based on time-dependent density functional theory. The simulations reproduce the spectral trends observed in the X-ray but also optical absorption experiments. Our results underscore the importance of solute-solvent interactions when aiming for an accurate description of the valence electronic structure of solvated transition metal complexes and demonstrate how L2,3-edge absorption spectroscopy can aid in understanding the impact of the solution environment on intramolecular covalency and the electronic charge distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael M Jay
- Universität Potsdam, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24/25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Vinícius Vaz da Cruz
- Universität Potsdam, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24/25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sebastian Eckert
- Universität Potsdam, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24/25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Mattis Fondell
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rolf Mitzner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Föhlisch
- Universität Potsdam, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24/25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Källman E, Guo M, Delcey MG, Meyer DA, Gaffney KJ, Lindh R, Lundberg M. Simulations of valence excited states in coordination complexes reached through hard X-ray scattering. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:8325-8335. [PMID: 32236271 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01003k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hard X-ray spectroscopy selectively probes metal sites in complex environments. Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) makes it is possible to directly study metal-ligand interactions through local valence excitations. Here multiconfigurational wavefunction simulations are used to model valence K pre-edge RIXS for three metal-hexacyanide complexes by coupling the electric dipole-forbidden excitations with dipole-allowed valence-to-core emission. Comparisons between experimental and simulated spectra makes it possible to evaluate the simulation accuracy and establish a best-modeling practice. The calculations give correct descriptions of all LMCT excitations in the spectra, although energies and intensities are sensitive to the description of dynamical electron correlation. The consistent treatment of all complexes shows that simulations can rationalize spectral features. The dispersion in the manganese(iii) spectrum comes from unresolved multiple resonances rather than fluorescence, and the splitting is mainly caused by differences in spatial orientation between holes and electrons. The simulations predict spectral features that cannot be resolved in current experimental data sets and the potential for observing d-d excitations is also explored. The latter can be of relevance for non-centrosymmetric systems with more intense K pre-edges. These ab initio simulations can be used to both design and interpret high-resolution X-ray scattering experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Källman
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Meiyuan Guo
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Mickaël G Delcey
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Drew A Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Kelly J Gaffney
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Roland Lindh
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Organic Chemistry, Uppsala University, S-75105 Uppsala, Sweden and Uppsala Center for Computational Chemistry (UC3), Uppsala University, P.O. Box 596, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marcus Lundberg
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Beaumont SK. Soft XAS as an in situ technique for the study of heterogeneous catalysts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:18747-18756. [PMID: 32319477 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00657b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Soft X-ray absorption in situ studies of heterogeneous catalysts have been applied to areas such as copper methanol oxidation catalysts and cobalt Fischer-Tropsch type catalysts over a period of around two decades. The technique has the potential to offer several advantages for studying heterogeneous catalysts against hard X-ray XAS in: the systems that can be studied (includes elements such as C, N, O), the potential for surface sensitivity (crucial for catalysts, where reactions occur at surfaces) and the information content of the resulting spectra. Nevertheless, it is technically challenging and the necessary hardware has only been developed and evolved in a few specific groups worldwide. This perspective will introduce the technique in the context of other competing spectroscopies, summarise the development of hardware and the challenges that have been overcome in experimental terms, along with the outcome and impact on different fields within catalysis. Additionally, anticipated future trends and directions will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon K Beaumont
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Koide A, Uemura Y, Kido D, Wakisaka Y, Takakusagi S, Ohtani B, Niwa Y, Nozawa S, Ichiyanagi K, Fukaya R, Adachi SI, Katayama T, Togashi T, Owada S, Yabashi M, Yamamoto Y, Katayama M, Hatada K, Yokoyama T, Asakura K. Photoinduced anisotropic distortion as the electron trapping site of tungsten trioxide by ultrafast W L 1-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy with full potential multiple scattering calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:2615-2621. [PMID: 30989154 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01332f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the excited state of photocatalysts is significant to improve their activity for water splitting reaction. X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy in X-ray free electron lasers (XFEL) is a powerful method to address dynamic changes in electronic states and structures of photocatalysts in the excited state in ultrafast short time scales. The ultrafast atomic-scale local structural change in photoexcited WO3 was observed by W L1 edge XAFS spectroscopy using an XFEL. An anisotropic local distortion around the W atom could reproduce well the spectral features at a delay time of 100 ps after photoexcitation based on full potential multiple scattering calculations. The distortion involved the movement of W to shrink the shortest W-O bonds and elongate the longest one. The movement of the W atom could be explained by the filling of the dxy and dzx orbitals, which were originally located at the bottom of the conduction band with photoexcited electrons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Koide
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan. and Univ Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes) - UMR 6251, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Yohei Uemura
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan. and Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitslaan 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Daiki Kido
- Institute for Catalysis Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.
| | - Yuki Wakisaka
- Institute for Catalysis Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.
| | - Satoru Takakusagi
- Institute for Catalysis Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.
| | - Bunsho Ohtani
- Institute for Catalysis Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Niwa
- Photon Factory, Institute for Materials Structure Sciene, KEK, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Nozawa
- Photon Factory, Institute for Materials Structure Sciene, KEK, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - Kohei Ichiyanagi
- Photon Factory, Institute for Materials Structure Sciene, KEK, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - Ryo Fukaya
- Photon Factory, Institute for Materials Structure Sciene, KEK, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Adachi
- Photon Factory, Institute for Materials Structure Sciene, KEK, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | | | | | - Shigeki Owada
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Kouto Sayo-cho, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Makina Yabashi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Kouto Sayo-cho, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Yusaku Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Misaki Katayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hatada
- Department of Physics, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | | | - Kiyotaka Asakura
- Institute for Catalysis Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Guo M, Liu X, He R. Restricted active space simulations of the metal L-edge X-ray absorption spectra and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering: revisiting [CoII/III(bpy)3]2+/3+complexes. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00148a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The metal L-edge spectra of cobalt compounds have been interpreted through restricted active space calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiyuan Guo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
| | - Xiaorui Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
| | - Rongxing He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wernet P. Chemical interactions and dynamics with femtosecond X-ray spectroscopy and the role of X-ray free-electron lasers. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2019; 377:20170464. [PMID: 30929622 PMCID: PMC6452048 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
X-ray free-electron lasers with intense, tuneable and short-pulse X-ray radiation are transformative tools for the investigation of transition-metal complexes and metalloproteins. This becomes apparent in particular when combining the experimental observables from X-ray spectroscopy with modern theoretical tools for calculations of electronic structures and X-ray spectra from first principles. The combination gives new insights into how charge and spin densities change in chemical reactions and how they determine reactivity. This is demonstrated for the investigations of structural dynamics with metal K-edge absorption spectroscopy, spin states in excited-state dynamics with metal 3p-3d exchange interactions, the frontier-orbital interactions in dissociation and substitution reactions with metal-specific X-ray spectroscopy, and studies of metal oxidation states with femtosecond pulses for 'probe-before-destroy' spectroscopy. The role of X-ray free-electron lasers is addressed with thoughts about how they enable 'bringing back together' different aspects of the same problem and this is thought to go beyond a conventional review paper where these aspects are formulated in italic font type in a prequel, an interlude and in a sequel. This article is part of the theme issue 'Measurement of ultrafast electronic and structural dynamics with X-rays'.
Collapse
|
17
|
Multiconfigurational Approach to X-ray Spectroscopy of Transition Metal Complexes. TRANSITION METALS IN COORDINATION ENVIRONMENTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-11714-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
18
|
Kubin M, Guo M, Kroll T, Löchel H, Källman E, Baker ML, Mitzner R, Gul S, Kern J, Föhlisch A, Erko A, Bergmann U, Yachandra V, Yano J, Lundberg M, Wernet P. Probing the oxidation state of transition metal complexes: a case study on how charge and spin densities determine Mn L-edge X-ray absorption energies. Chem Sci 2018; 9:6813-6829. [PMID: 30310614 PMCID: PMC6115617 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00550h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition metals in inorganic systems and metalloproteins can occur in different oxidation states, which makes them ideal redox-active catalysts. To gain a mechanistic understanding of the catalytic reactions, knowledge of the oxidation state of the active metals, ideally in operando, is therefore critical. L-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a powerful technique that is frequently used to infer the oxidation state via a distinct blue shift of L-edge absorption energies with increasing oxidation state. A unified description accounting for quantum-chemical notions whereupon oxidation does not occur locally on the metal but on the whole molecule and the basic understanding that L-edge XAS probes the electronic structure locally at the metal has been missing to date. Here we quantify how charge and spin densities change at the metal and throughout the molecule for both redox and core-excitation processes. We explain the origin of the L-edge XAS shift between the high-spin complexes MnII(acac)2 and MnIII(acac)3 as representative model systems and use ab initio theory to uncouple effects of oxidation-state changes from geometric effects. The shift reflects an increased electron affinity of MnIII in the core-excited states compared to the ground state due to a contraction of the Mn 3d shell upon core-excitation with accompanied changes in the classical Coulomb interactions. This new picture quantifies how the metal-centered core hole probes changes in formal oxidation state and encloses and substantiates earlier explanations. The approach is broadly applicable to mechanistic studies of redox-catalytic reactions in molecular systems where charge and spin localization/delocalization determine reaction pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kubin
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research , Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15 , 12489 Berlin , Germany .
| | - Meiyuan Guo
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , Sweden .
| | - Thomas Kroll
- SSRL , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA
| | - Heike Löchel
- Institute for Nanometre Optics and Technology , Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Erik Källman
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , Sweden .
| | - Michael L Baker
- The School of Chemistry , The University of Manchester at Harwell , Didcot , OX11 OFA , UK
| | - Rolf Mitzner
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research , Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15 , 12489 Berlin , Germany .
| | - Sheraz Gul
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , USA
| | - Jan Kern
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , USA
- LCLS , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA
| | - Alexander Föhlisch
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research , Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15 , 12489 Berlin , Germany .
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie , Universität Potsdam , Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25 , 14476 Potsdam , Germany
| | - Alexei Erko
- Institute for Nanometre Optics and Technology , Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Uwe Bergmann
- Stanford PULSE Institute , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA
| | - Vittal Yachandra
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , USA
| | - Junko Yano
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , USA
| | - Marcus Lundberg
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , Sweden .
| | - Philippe Wernet
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research , Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15 , 12489 Berlin , Germany .
| |
Collapse
|