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Nguyen DT, Helling C, Evans MJ, Jones C. Enforcing Metal-Arene Interactions in Bulky p-Terphenyl Bis(anilide) Complexes of Group 2 Metals (Be-Ba): Potential Precursors for Low-Oxidation-State Alkaline Earth Metal Systems. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:5718-5726. [PMID: 38471088 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
An extremely bulky p-terphenyl bis(aniline), p-C6H4{C6H4[N(H)TCHP]-2}2 (TCHP = 2,4,6-tricyclohexylphenyl) TCHPTerphH2, has been developed. Deprotonation of a less bulky analogue, DipTerphH2 (Dip = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl), with BePh2 affords the bimetallic system, [(BePh)2(μ-DipTerph)] 1. Treating either TCHPTerphH2 or DipTerphH2 with Mg{CH2(SiMe3)}2 gives the monomeric bis(anilide) complexes [Mg(ArTerph)] (Ar = Dip 2, TCHP 3) which display rare examples of η6-arene coordination to the metal center. Treating 2 with THF leads to partial dissociation of the Mg···arene interaction and formation of [Mg(DipTerph)(THF)] 4. Reactions of the bis(aniline)s with the group 2 metal amides [M{N(SiMe3)2}2] afford dimeric, structurally analogous compounds [{M(ArTerph)}2] (Ar = Dip, M = Ca 5, Sr 6, Ba 7; Ar = TCHP, M = Ca 8, Sr 9, Ba 10) which display intermolecular M···arene interactions in the solid state. Computational studies have shown that the intramolecular M···η6-arene interactions in models of the ether-free metal bis(anilide) compounds are largely electrostatic in nature. Reductions of these compounds with alkali metals led to mixtures of unidentified products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dat T Nguyen
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, P.O. Box 23, Melbourne 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christoph Helling
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, P.O. Box 23, Melbourne 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew J Evans
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, P.O. Box 23, Melbourne 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cameron Jones
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, P.O. Box 23, Melbourne 3800, Victoria, Australia
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Knüpfer C, Klerner L, Raucheisen M, Langer J, Harder S. Synthesis of Superbulky Amide Ligands by Addition of Polar Reagents to Sila-Imine. Chemistry 2024:e202400715. [PMID: 38501797 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The chemistry of extremely bulky amide ligands is troubled by difficulties in deprotonation of the parent amine. As an alternative route to superbulky amide reagents, the addition of polar reagents to a sila-imine has been investigated. Attempts to synthesize the superbulky amide anion (tBu3Si)2N- by addition of tBuLi to tBu2Si=N(SitBu3) failed and gave tBu3Si(tBu2HSi)NLi and isobutene. Reaction of the sila-imine with KOtBu successfully led to tBu3Si[tBu2(tBuO)Si]NK which crystallized as a separated ion-pair. Reaction with the slightly bulkier KOAd (Ad=1-adamantyl) led in presence of THF to ether ring-opening. Reaction with tBuOH gave tBu3Si[tBu2(tBuO)Si]NH but this amine cannot be easily deprotonated. Reaction with (BDI*)MgnBu in presence of THF gave (BDI*)Mg+ ⋅ (THF)2 and the non-coordinating anion tBu3Si[tBu2(nBu)Si]N-; BDI*=ß-diketiminate ligand HC[C(tBu)N-DIPP]2, DIPP=2,6-diisopropylphenyl. Reaction of Mg(nBu)2 with tBu2Si=N(SitBu3) led to a Mg complex with one amide ligand: tBu3Si[tBu2(nBu)Si]N-. The other superbulky amide anion isomerized by internal deprotonation of a tBu-substituent to give a primary carbanion that is also coordinated to Mg. Although the amide-to-carbanion isomerization is highly contrathermodynamic, it allows for coordination of both anions to a single Mg center. The new bulky amides are rare cases of halogen-free weakly coordinating anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Knüpfer
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Klerner
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Raucheisen
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jens Langer
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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Lyubov DM, Zakaria H, Nelyubina YV, Aysin RR, Bukalov SS, Trifonov AA. Ca(II) and Yb(II) complexes featuring M(C≡C) 4 structural motif: enforced proximity or genuine η 2 -bonding? Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303533. [PMID: 38070175 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Bis(carbazolide) complexes M[3,6-tBu2 -1,8-(RC≡C)2 Carb]2 (THF)n (R=SiMe3 , n=0, M=Ca, Yb; R=Ph, n=1, M=Ca, Yb; n=0, M=Yb) were synthesized through transamination reaction of M[N(SiMe3 )2 ]2 (THF)2 with two molar equivalents of carbazoles. The complexes feature M(η2 -C≡C)4 structural motif composed of M(II) ions encapsulated by four acetylene fragments due to atypical for alkaline- and rare-earth metals η2 -interactions with triple C≡C bond. This interaction is evidenced experimentally by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy in the solid state and by NMR-spectroscopy in the solution. According to QTAIM analysis there are 4 bond critical points (3;-1) between the metal atom and each of the triple bonds, which are connected by a strongly curved, almost T-shaped bond pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry M Lyubov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, 49 Tropinina str., GSP-445, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod
| | - Hamza Zakaria
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, 49 Tropinina str., GSP-445, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod
- N. I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarina Avenue 23, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Yulia V Nelyubina
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Gagarina Avenue 23, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- 28 Vavilova str., 119334, Moscow, Russia
| | - Rinat R Aysin
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Gagarina Avenue 23, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- 28 Vavilova str., 119334, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey S Bukalov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Gagarina Avenue 23, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- 28 Vavilova str., 119334, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A Trifonov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, 49 Tropinina str., GSP-445, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Gagarina Avenue 23, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- 28 Vavilova str., 119334, Moscow, Russia
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Corner SC, Gransbury GK, Vitorica-Yrezabal IJ, Whitehead GFS, Chilton NF, Mills DP. Halobenzene Adducts of a Dysprosocenium Single-Molecule Magnet. Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 38359351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Dysprosium complexes with strong axial crystal fields are promising candidates for single-molecule magnets (SMMs), which could be used for high-density data storage. Isolated dysprosocenium cations, [Dy(CpR)2]+ (CpR = substituted cyclopentadienyl), have recently shown magnetic hysteresis (a memory effect) above the temperature of liquid nitrogen. Synthetic efforts have focused on reducing strong transverse ligand fields in these systems as they are known to enhance magnetic relaxation by spin-phonon mechanisms. Here we show that equatorial coordination of the halobenzenes PhX (X = F, Cl, Br) and o-C6H4F2 to the cation of a recently reported dysprosocenium complex [Dy(Cpttt)(Cp*)][Al{OC(CF3)3}4] (Cpttt = C5H2tBu3-1,2,4; Cp* = C5Me5) reduces magnetic hysteresis temperatures compared to that of the parent cation. We find that this is due to increased effectiveness of both one- (Orbach) and two-phonon (Raman) relaxation mechanisms, which correlate with the electronegativity and number of interactions with the halide despite κ1-coordination of a single halobenzene having a minimal effect on the metrical parameters of [Dy(Cpttt)(Cp*)(PhX-κ1-X)]+ cations vs the isolated [Dy(Cpttt)(Cp*)]+ cation. We observe unusual divergent behavior of relaxation rates at low temperatures in [Dy(Cpttt)(Cp*)(PhX)][Al{OC(CF3)3}4], which we attribute to a phonon bottleneck effect. We find that, despite the transverse fields introduced by the monohalobenzenes in these cations, the interactions are sufficiently weak that the effective barriers to magnetization reversal remain above 1000 cm-1, being only ca. 100 cm-1 lower than for the parent complex, [Dy(Cpttt)(Cp*)][Al{OC(CF3)3}4].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie C Corner
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Gemma K Gransbury
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | | | - George F S Whitehead
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Nicholas F Chilton
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - David P Mills
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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Harder S, Langer J. Opportunities with calcium Grignard reagents and other heavy alkaline-earth organometallics. Nat Rev Chem 2023; 7:843-853. [PMID: 37935796 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00548-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
More than a century old, magnesium Grignard reagents remain essential to the toolbox of organic chemists. Although similar reagents with the neighbouring group 2 metal Ca have been explored, the considerably higher polarity and reactivity of the Ca-C bond result in undesired decomposition pathways. Ca Grignard reagents have found academic interest but have never fully developed into an established synthetic tool. Recent research activities, however, provide facile access to these highly reactive organocalcium species, including in situ preparation and ball milling approaches to tackle the challenge of controlling their extreme sensitivity. Heavier Grignard reagents are not just more reactive but profit from unique chemical transformations. Insight into the transition metal-like properties of Ca, Sr and Ba is only just emerging. Considering the rapidly developing field of alkaline-earth metal-mediated catalysis, heavy Grignard reagents will probably have a bright future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd Harder
- Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Jens Langer
- Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Pearce KG, Dinoi C, Schwamm RJ, Maron L, Mahon MF, Hill MS. Variable Ca-C aryl Hapticity and its Consequences in Arylcalcium Dimers. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2304765. [PMID: 37715248 PMCID: PMC10625118 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The dimeric β-diketiminato calcium hydride, [(Dipp BDI)CaH]2 (Dipp BDI = HC{(Me)CN-2,6-i-Pr2 C6 H3 }2 ), reacts with ortho-, meta- or para-tolyl mercuric compounds to afford hydridoarylcalcium compounds, [(Dipp BDI)2 Ca2 (μ-H)(μ-o-,m-,p-tolyl)], in which dimer propagation occurs either via μ2 -η1 -η1 or μ2 -η1 -η6 bridging between the calcium centers. In each case, the orientation and hapticity of the aryl units is dependent upon the position of the methyl substituent. While wholly organometallic meta- and para-tolyl dimers, [(Dipp BDI)Ca(m-tolyl)]2 and [(Dipp BDI)Ca(p-tolyl)]2 , can be prepared and are stable, the ortho-tolyl isomer is prone to isomerization to a calcium benzyl analog. Computational analysis of this latter process with density functional theory (DFT) highlights an unusual mechanism invoking the generation of an intermediate dicalcium species in which the group 2 centers are bridged by a toluene dianion formed by the formal attachment of the original hydride anion to the initially generated ortho-tolyl substituent. Use of a more sterically encumbered aryl substituent, {3,5-t-Bu2 C6 H3 }, facilitates the selective formation of [(Dipp BDI)Ca(μ-H)(μ-3,5-t-Bu2 C6 H3 )Ca(Dipp BDI)], which can be converted into the unsymmetrically-substituted σ-aryl calcium complexes, [(Dipp BDI)Ca(μ-Ph)(μ-3,5-t-Bu2 C6 H3 )Ca(Dipp BDI)] and [(Dipp BDI)Ca(μ-p-tolyl)(μ-3,5-t-Bu2 C6 H3 )Ca(Dipp BDI)] by reaction with the appropriate mercuric diaryl. Conversion of [(Dipp BDI)Ca(H)(Ph)Ca(Dipp BDI)] to afford [{{(Dipp BDI)Ca}2 (μ2 -Cl)}2 (C6 H5 -C6 H5 )], comprising a biphenyl dianion, is also reported. Although this latter transformation is serendipitous, AIM analysis highlights that, in a related manner to the ortho-tolyl to benzyl isomerization, the requisite C-C coupling may be facilitated in an "across dimer" fashion by the experimentally-observed polyhapto engagement of the aryl substituents with each calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle G. Pearce
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BathClaverton DownBathBA2 7AYUK
| | - Chiara Dinoi
- Université de Toulouse et CNRSINSAUPSUMR 5215LPCNO135 Avenue de RangueilToulouseF‐31077France
| | - Ryan J. Schwamm
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BathClaverton DownBathBA2 7AYUK
| | - Laurent Maron
- Université de Toulouse et CNRSINSAUPSUMR 5215LPCNO135 Avenue de RangueilToulouseF‐31077France
| | - Mary F. Mahon
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BathClaverton DownBathBA2 7AYUK
| | - Michael S. Hill
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BathClaverton DownBathBA2 7AYUK
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7
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Brouillet EV, Brown SA, Kennedy AR, Rae A, Walton HP, Robertson SD. Atom-economic access to cationic magnesium complexes. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:13332-13338. [PMID: 37671570 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02669h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Cationic alkaline-earth complexes attract interest for their enhanced Lewis acidity and reactivity compared with their neutral counterparts. Synthetic protocols to these complexes generally utilize expensive specialized reagents in reactions generating multiple by-products. We have studied a simple ligand transfer approach to these complexes using (NacNac)MgR and ER3 (NacNac = β-diketiminate anion; E = group 13 element; R = aryl/amido anion) which demonstrates high atom economy, opening up the ability to target these species in a more sustainable manner. The success of this methodology is dependent on the identity of the group 13 element with the heavier elements facilitating faster ligand exchange. Furthermore, while this reaction is successful with aromatic ligands such as phenyl and pyrrolyl, the secondary amide piperidide (pip) fails to transfer, which we attribute to the stronger 3-centre-4-electron dimerization interaction of Al2(pip)6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne V Brouillet
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Scott A Brown
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Annabel Rae
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Heather P Walton
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Stuart D Robertson
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
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Mai J, Rösch B, Patel N, Langer J, Harder S. On the existence of low-valent magnesium-calcium complexes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:4724-4734. [PMID: 37181774 PMCID: PMC10171184 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00909b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
DFT-Calculations predict that a low-valent complex (BDI)Mg-Ca(BDI) with bulky β-diketiminate (BDI) ligands is thermodynamically stable. It was attempted to isolate such a complex by salt-metathesis between [(DIPePBDI*)Mg-Na+]2 and [(DIPePBDI)CaI]2 (DIPePBDI = HC[C(Me)N-DIPeP]2; DIPePBDI* = HC[C(tBu)N-DIPeP]2; DIPeP = 2,6-CH(Et)2-phenyl). Whereas in alkane solvents no reaction was observed, salt-metathesis in C6H6 led to immediate C-H activation of benzene to give (DIPePBDI*)MgPh and (DIPePBDI)CaH, the latter crystallizing as a THF-solvated dimer [(DIPePBDI)CaH·THF]2. Calculations suggest reduction and insertion of benzene in the Mg-Ca bond. The activation enthalpy for the subsequent decomposition of C6H62- into Ph- and H- is only 14.4 kcal mol-1. Repeating this reaction in the presence of naphthalene or anthracene led to heterobimetallic complexes in which naphthalene2- or anthracene2- anions are sandwiched between (DIPePBDI*)Mg+ and (DIPePBDI)Ca+ cations. These complexes slowly decompose to their homometallic counterparts and further decomposition products. Complexes in which naphthalene2- or anthracene2- anions are sandwiched between two (DIPePBDI)Ca+ cations were isolated. The low-valent complex (DIPePBDI*)Mg-Ca(DIPePBDI) could not be isolated due to its high reactivity. There is, however, strong evidence that this heterobimetallic compound is a fleeting intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Mai
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 1 Erlangen 91058 Germany
| | - Bastian Rösch
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 1 Erlangen 91058 Germany
| | - Neha Patel
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 1 Erlangen 91058 Germany
| | - Jens Langer
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 1 Erlangen 91058 Germany
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 1 Erlangen 91058 Germany
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Mai J, Morasch M, Jędrzkiewicz D, Langer J, Rösch B, Harder S. Alkaline-Earth Metal Mediated Benzene-to-Biphenyl Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202212463. [PMID: 36426597 PMCID: PMC10107259 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Complex [(DIPeP BDI)Ca]2 (C6 H6 ), with a C6 H6 2- dianion bridging two Ca2+ ions, reacts with benzene to yield [(DIPeP BDI)Ca]2 (biphenyl) with a bridging biphenyl2- dianion (DIPeP BDI=HC[C(Me)N-DIPeP]2 ; DIPeP=2,6-CH(Et)2 -phenyl). The biphenyl complex was also prepared by reacting [(DIPeP BDI)Ca]2 (C6 H6 ) with biphenyl or by reduction of [(DIPeP BDI)CaI]2 with KC8 in presence of biphenyl. Benzene-benzene coupling was also observed when the deep purple product of ball-milling [(DIPP BDI)CaI(THF)]2 with K/KI was extracted with benzene (DIPP=2,6-CH(Me)2 -phenyl) giving crystalline [(DIPP BDI)Ca(THF)]2 (biphenyl) (52 % yield). Reduction of [(DIPeP BDI)SrI]2 with KC8 gave highly labile [(DIPeP BDI)Sr]2 (C6 H6 ) as a black powder (61 % yield) which reacts rapidly and selectively with benzene to [(DIPeP BDI)Sr]2 (biphenyl). DFT calculations show that the most likely route for biphenyl formation is a pathway in which the C6 H6 2- dianion attacks neutral benzene. This is facilitated by metal-benzene coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Mai
- Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Michael Morasch
- Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Dawid Jędrzkiewicz
- Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Jens Langer
- Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Bastian Rösch
- Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
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Schüler P, Krieck S, Görls H, Liebing P, Westerhausen M. Sterically shielded primary anilides of the alkaline-earth metals of the type (thf) nAe(NH-Ar*) 2 (Ae = Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba; Ar* = bulky aryl). Dalton Trans 2022; 51:8461-8471. [PMID: 35603695 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01121b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Metalation of 2,4,6-triphenylphenylamine (H2N-C6H2-2,4,6-Ph3, 1a) and 4-methyl-2,6-bis(diphenylmethyl)aniline (2,6-bis(diphenylmethyl)-p-toluidine, H2N-C6H2-4-Me-2,6-(CHPh2)2, 2a) with dibutylmagnesium and Ae[N(SiMe3)2]2 with a stoichiometric 1 : 2 ratio in THF at room temperature yields the corresponding primary anilides [(thf)nAe{N(H)-C6H2-2,4,6-Ph3}2] (Ae/n = Mg/2 (1b), Ca/2 (1c), Sr/3 (1d), and Ba/3 (1e)) and [(thf)nAe{N(H)-C6H2-4-Me-2,6-(CHPh2)2}2] (Ae/n = Mg/2 (2b), Ca/3 (2c) and Sr/2 (2d)), respectively. The 1 : 1 reaction of Mg(n/sBu)2 and MgPh2 with 2a leads to the formation of heteroleptic [(thf)2Mg(R){N(H)-C6H2-4-Me-2,6-(CHPh2)2}] (R = n/sBu (2bBu), Ph (2bPh)). At 50 °C, the strontium complex 2d liberates one equivalent of 2avia intramolecular deprotonation of the triarylmethyl functionality yielding dinuclear [(thf)2Sr{N(H)-C6H2-4-Me-2-(CPh2)-6-(CHPh2)2}]2 (2d'). The barium compound is significantly more reactive and regardless of applied stoichiometry the isotypic barium congener [(thf)2Ba{N(H)-C6H2-4-Me-2-(CPh2)-6-(CHPh2)2}]2 (2e') forms. The molecular structures of 1c, 2d, 2d', and 2e' are stabilized by metal-phenyl π-interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Schüler
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Sven Krieck
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Phil Liebing
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Matthias Westerhausen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
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11
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Pearce KG, Dinoi C, Hill MS, Mahon MF, Maron L, Schwamm RS, Wilson ASS. Synthesis of Molecular Phenylcalcium Derivatives: Application to the Formation of Biaryls. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200305. [PMID: 35212128 PMCID: PMC9315018 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hydrocarbon‐soluble β‐diketiminato phenylcalcium derivatives, which display various modes of Ca−μ2‐Ph−Ca bridging, are accessible from reactions of Ph2Hg and [(BDI)CaH]2. Although the resultant compounds are inert toward the C−H bonds of benzene, they yield selective and uncatalyzed biaryl formation when reacted with readily available aryl bromides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle G Pearce
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
| | - Chiara Dinoi
- Université de Toulouse et CNRS, INSA, UPS, UMR 5215, LPCNO, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
| | - Mary F Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
| | - Laurent Maron
- Université de Toulouse et CNRS, INSA, UPS, UMR 5215, LPCNO, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Ryan S Schwamm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
| | - Andrew S S Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
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12
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Buchner MR, Spang N, Ivlev SI. Hydrolysis and oxidation products of phosphine adducts to beryllium chloride. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2022-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The synthesis of bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe) and PMe3 mono-adducts [(dppe)BeCl2]n and [(PMe3)BeCl2]2 is described and their spectroscopic properties discussed. Hydrolysis of these two compounds and of the bis(diphenylphosphino)propane (dppp) adduct to BeCl2 gave [dppeH2][BeCl4], [Me3PH]n[Be4Cl9]n and [dpppH2][Be2Cl6], which have been isolated and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The reactions of [(PMe3)BeCl2]2 with p-cresole gave [Me3PH]2[Be2Cl4(OC7H7)2]. This phenoxide together with [(Me3PO)2Be2Cl4], the oxidation product of [(PMe3)BeCl2]2, have also been structurally characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus R. Buchner
- Fachbereich Chemie , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg , Germany
| | - Nils Spang
- Fachbereich Chemie , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg , Germany
| | - Sergei I. Ivlev
- Fachbereich Chemie , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg , Germany
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13
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Hill MS, Pearce KG, Dinoi C, Mahon MF, Maron L, Schwamm RS, Wilson ASS. Synthesis of Molecular Phenylcalcium Derivatives: Application to the Formation of Biaryls. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Stephen Hill
- University of Bath Chemistry Department of ChemistryUniversity of BathClaverton Down BA2 7AY Bath UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - Chiara Dinoi
- Toulouse 3 University: Universite Toulouse III Paul Sabatier Chemistry FRANCE
| | | | - Laurent Maron
- Toulouse 3 University: Universite Toulouse III Paul Sabatier Chemistry FRANCE
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14
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Chapple P, Roisnel T, Cordier M, Carpentier JF, Sarazin Y. Heteroleptic Carbazolato-Barium Hydroborates and a Related Separated Ion Pair. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Höllerhage T, Ghana P, Spaniol TP, Carpentier A, Maron L, Englert U, Okuda J. Bildung und Reaktivität eines Hydridosilikats [SiH
6
]
2−
, koordiniert an einem durch einen Makrozyklus stabilisierten Strontiumkation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Höllerhage
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Priyabrata Ghana
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Thomas P. Spaniol
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Ambre Carpentier
- CNRS INSA UPS UMR 5215 LPCNO Université de Toulouse 135 avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse Frankreich
| | - Laurent Maron
- CNRS INSA UPS UMR 5215 LPCNO Université de Toulouse 135 avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse Frankreich
| | - Ulli Englert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Deutschland
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16
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Mondal R, Yuvaraj K, Rajeshkumar T, Maron L, Jones C. Reductive activation of N 2 using a calcium/potassium bimetallic system supported by an extremely bulky diamide ligand. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12665-12668. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04841h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Potassium reduction of a bulky diamido-calcium complex under an N2 atmosphere afforded the first well-defined, hetero-bimetallic s-block metal complex of activated dinitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mondal
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, PO Box 23, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - K. Yuvaraj
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, PO Box 23, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- Université de Toulouse et CNRS, INSA, UPS, UMR5215, LPCNO, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Maron
- Université de Toulouse et CNRS, INSA, UPS, UMR5215, LPCNO, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Cameron Jones
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, PO Box 23, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
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17
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Li Y, Pan H, Lu Y, Luo Y, Dang Y, Wang Y, Xia S, Li Y, Xia Y. Lithium and magnesium complexes from the employment of pyridyl-pendanted unsymmetrical β-diketiminates: syntheses and utilization as catalysts for the hydroboration of carbonyl compounds. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:3616-3624. [DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03235f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The push for environmentally benign and sustainable chemical processes has reinforced the demand to displace transition metals with cheap, nontoxic and naturally abundant metals. To fulfil this requirement, we endeavored...
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18
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Okuda J, Höllerhage T, Ghana P, Spaniol TP, Carpentier A, Maron L, Englert U. Formation and Reactivity of a Hexahydridosilicate [SiH6]2- Coordinated by a Macrocycle-Supported Strontium Cation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202115379. [PMID: 34874085 PMCID: PMC9303417 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The cationic benzyl complex [(Me4TACD)Sr(CH2Ph)][A] (Me4TACD=1,4,7,10‐tetramethyltetraazacyclododecane; A=B(C6H3‐3,5‐Me2)4) reacted with two equivalents of phenylsilane to give the bridging hexahydridosilicate complex [(Me4TACD)2Sr2(thf)4(μ‐κ3 : κ3‐SiH6)][A]2 (3 a). Rapid phenyl exchange between phenylsilane molecules is assumed to generate monosilane SiH4 that is trapped by two strontium hydride cations [(Me4TACD)SrH(thf)x]+. Complex 3 a decomposed in THF at room temperature to give the terminal silanide complex [(Me4TACD)Sr(SiH3)(thf)2][A], with release of H2. Upon reaction with a weak Brønsted acid, CO2, and 1,3,5,7‐cyclooctatetraene SiH4 was released. The reaction of a 1 : 2 mixture of cationic benzyl and neutral dibenzyl complex with phenylsilane gave the trinuclear silanide complex [(Me4TACD)3Sr3(μ2‐H)3(μ3‐SiH3)2][A], while nOctSiH3 led to the trinuclear (n‐octyl)pentahydridosilicate complex [(Me4TACD)3Sr3(μ2‐H)3(μ3‐SiH5nOct)][A].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Okuda
- RWTH Aachen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, GERMANY
| | - Thomas Höllerhage
- Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Priyabrata Ghana
- Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Thomas P Spaniol
- Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen Medizinische Fakultät: Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule Aachen Medizinische Fakultat, Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Ambre Carpentier
- Universite de Toulouse 3: Universite Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, CNRS, FRANCE
| | - Laurent Maron
- Universite de Toulouse 3: Universite Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, CNRS, FRANCE
| | - Ulli Englert
- Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Chemie, GERMANY
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19
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Abstract
Alkaline earth metal catalysis has been a growing field in recent years. To enhance reactivity and to understand the metal-substrate interactions in more detail, reactions are increasingly carried out in weakly coordinating solvents. This article gives an overview over the two main approaches to facilitate this, which are either through the employment of highly dipolar haloaryls as solvents, or by increasing the solubility of the ligand systems. The resulting coordination modes and reactivities are presented together with the synthetic strategies. Additionally, the latest results of group 1 complex chemistry in aliphatic solvents are illustrated and future challenges are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus R Buchner
- Anorganische Chemie, Nachwuchsgruppe Hauptgruppenmetallchemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Lewis R Thomas-Hargreaves
- Anorganische Chemie, Nachwuchsgruppe Hauptgruppenmetallchemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
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20
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Abstract
This review serves to document advances in the synthesis, versatile bonding, and reactivity of molecular main group metal hydrides within Groups 1, 2, and 12-16. Particular attention will be given to the emerging use of said hydrides in the rapidly expanding field of Main Group element-mediated catalysis. While this review is comprehensive in nature, focus will be given to research appearing in the open literature since 2001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M D Roy
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Alvaro A Omaña
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Andrew S S Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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21
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Kelly JA, Gramüller J, Gschwind RM, Wolf R. Low-oxidation state cobalt-magnesium complexes: ion-pairing and reactivity. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:13985-13992. [PMID: 34542141 PMCID: PMC8507399 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02621f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium cobaltates (Arnacnac)MgCo(COD)2 (1-3) were synthesised by reacting (Arnacnac)MgI(OEt2) with K[Co(η4-COD)2] (COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) [Arnacnac = CH(ArNCMe)2; Ar = 2,4,6-Me3-C6H2 (Mes), 2,6-Et2-C6H3 (Dep), 2,6-iPr2-C6H3Mes (Dipp)]. Compounds 1-3 form contact ion-pairs in toluene, while solvent separated ion-pairs are formed in THF. The effect of ion-pairing on the reactivity is illustrated by reaction of 2 with tert-butylphosphaalkyne, which affords distinct 1,3-diphosphacyclobutadiene complexes. The heteroleptic sandwich complex [(Depnacnac)MgCo(P2C2tBu2)]2 (4) is selectively formed in toluene, while the homoleptic bis(1,3-diphosphacyclobutadiene) complex [(Depnacnac)Mg(THF)3][Co(P2C2tBu2)2] (5) is obtained in THF. Complex 4 is a precursor to further unusual phosphaorganometallic compounds. Substitution of the labile COD ligand in 4 by white phosphorus (P4) enabled the synthesis of the phosphorus-rich sandwich compound [(Depnacnac)MgCoP4(P2C2tBu2)]2 (6). The heterobimetallic complex (Cp*NiP2C2tBu2)Co(COD) (7) was isolated after treatment of 4 with Cp*Ni(acac) (Cp* = C5Me5, acac = acetylacetonate).
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Kelly
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Johannes Gramüller
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ruth M Gschwind
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Robert Wolf
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
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22
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Abstract
Since the seminal report on Mg in the +I oxidation state in 2007, low-valent complexes featuring a MgI-MgI bond developed from trophy molecules to state-of-the-art reducing agents. Despite increasing interest in low-valency of the other group 2 metals, this area was restricted for a long time to a rare example of a CaI(arene)CaI inverse sandwich. This feature article focuses on the most recent developments in the field, highlighting recent breakthroughs for Be, Mg and Ca. The more exotic metal Be was the first to be isolated as a zero-valent complex which could be oxidized to a BeI species. There also has been interest in breaking the MgI-MgI bond with superbulky β-diketiminate ligands (BDI) that suppress (BDI)Mg-Mg(BDI) bond formation. This led to Mg-Mg bond elongation or Mg-N bond cleavage. Several reports on attempts to isolate (BDI)Mg˙ radicals by combinations of ligand bulk, addition of neutral ligands or UV(vis) irradiation led to reduction of the aromatic solvents, underscoring the high reactivity of these open shell species. Only recently, zero-valent complexes of Mg were introduced. Double reduction of a (BDI)MgI complex with Na gave [(BDI)Mg-]Na+. This Mg0 complex crystallized as a dimer in which the Na+ cations bridge the two (BDI)Mg- anions which react as Mg nucleophiles. Thermal decomposition led to spontaneous formation of Na0 and a trinuclear (BDI)MgMgMg(BDI) complex. This mixed-valence Mg3-complex is a prime example of the fleeting multinuclear Mgn intermediates discussed on the way from Mg metal to Grignard reagent. Attempts to prepare low-valent CaI compounds by reduction of (BDI)CaI led to dearomatization of the arene solvents: (BDI)Ca(arene)Ca(BDI). Reduction in alkanes prevented this decomposition pathway but led to N2 reduction and isolation of (BDI)Ca(N2)Ca(BDI), representing the first example of molecular nitrogen fixation with an early main group metal. As the N22- anion reacts in most cases as a very strong two-electron reductant, LCa(N2)CaL could be seen as a synthon for hitherto elusive CaI-CaI complexes. Theoretical calculations suggest that participation of Ca d-orbitals is relevant for N2 activation. These most recent developments in low-valent group 2 metal chemistry will revive this area and undoubtly lead to new reactivities and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Rösch
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wiesinger
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Christian Knüpfer
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Holger Elsen
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Jonathan Mai
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Jens Langer
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
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24
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Abstract
ConspectusAlkaline earth elements beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium with an ns2 valence-shell configuration are usually classified as main-group elements that belong to the s-block atoms. For a long time, the elements were considered to be rather chemically uninteresting atomic species due to preconceived ideas about bonding, structure, and reactivity. They typically use the two ns valence electrons in forming ionic salt compounds with the metal in a formal oxidation state of +2. For the heavier alkaline earth atoms, calcium, strontium, and barium, their (n - 1)d atomic orbitals (AOs) are empty but lie close in energy to the valence np orbitals. Earlier theoretical investigations have already suggested that these elements can employ the (n - 1)d AOs to some extent to form polar bonds in divalent species in which the alkaline earth metal centers are sufficiently positively charged. The d orbital involvement increases from Ca to Sr and markedly in Ba. Thus, barium has been termed an honorary transition metal.Recently, molecular complexes of Ca, Sr, and Ba were prepared in the gas phase and in a low-temperature solid neon matrix and were detected by infrared spectroscopy. An analysis of the electronic structures of [Ba(CO)]+, [Ba(CO)]-, saturated coordinated octacarbonyls [M(CO)8] and [M(CO)8]+, isoelectronic dinitrogen complexes [M(N2)8] and [M(N2)8]+, and the tribenzene complexes [M(Bz)3] (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) revealed that the metal-ligand bonding can be straightforwardly discussed using the traditional Dewar-Chatt-Duncanson (DCD) model as in classical transition-metal complexes. The metal-ligand bonds can be explained with metal → ligand π back donation from occupied metal (n - 1)d AOs to vacant antibonding π molecular orbitals of the ligands with concomitant σ donation from occupied MOs of the ligands to vacant metal d orbitals of the alkaline earth atoms. In addition, heteronuclear Ca-Fe carbonyl cation complexes were also produced in the gas phase. Bonding analysis of the coordination saturated [CaFe(CO)10]+ complex implies that it can be described by the bonding interactions between a [Ca(CO)6]2+ fragment and an [Fe(CO)4]- anion fragment in forming a Fe → Ca d-d dative bond. The nature of metal-ligand and metal-metal bonding was quantitatively elucidated by the energy decomposition analysis in conjunction with the natural orbitals for the chemical valence (EDA-NOCV) method, which indicate that the (n - 1)d AOs of the alkaline earth metals are the dominant orbitals participating in the covalent interactions, just as typical transition metals. The results indicate that the heavier alkaline earth elements have a much richer covalent chemistry than previously thought. These findings, along with earlier studies, suggest that the heavier alkaline earth atoms Ca, Sr, and Ba should be classified as transition metals rather than main group atoms in the periodic table of the elements. This interesting structural chemistry, together with some recently reported examples of spectacular reactivity, establishes these elements as exciting and promising research targets in current research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
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25
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Friedrich A, Eyselein J, Langer J, Färber C, Harder S. Cationic Heterobimetallic Mg(Zn)/Al(Ga) Combinations for Cooperative C-F Bond Cleavage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16492-16499. [PMID: 33979476 PMCID: PMC8361950 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Low-valent (Me BDI)Al and (Me BDI)Ga and highly Lewis acidic cations in [(tBu BDI)M+ ⋅C6 H6 ][(B(C6 F5 )4 - ] (M=Mg or Zn, Me BDI=HC[C(Me)N-DIPP]2 , tBu BDI=HC[C(tBu)N-DIPP]2 , DIPP=2,6-diisopropylphenyl) react to heterobimetallic cations [(tBu BDI)Mg-Al(Me BDI)+ ], [(tBu BDI)Mg-Ga(Me BDI)+ ] and [(tBu BDI)Zn-Ga(Me BDI)+ ]. These cations feature long Mg-Al (or Ga) bonds while the Zn-Ga bond is short. The [(tBu BDI)Zn-Al(Me BDI)+ ] cation was not formed. Combined AIM and charge calculations suggest that the metal-metal bonds to Zn are considerably more covalent, whereas those to Mg should be described as weak AlI (or GaI )→Mg2+ donor bonds. Failure to isolate the Zn-Al combination originates from cleavage of the C-F bond in the solvent fluorobenzene to give (tBu BDI)ZnPh and (Me BDI)AlF+ which is extremely Lewis acidic and was not observed, but (Me BDI)Al(F)-(μ-F)-(F)Al(Me BDI)+ was verified by X-ray diffraction. DFT calculations show that the remarkably facile C-F bond cleavage follows a dearomatization/rearomatization route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Friedrich
- Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Jonathan Eyselein
- Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Jens Langer
- Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Christian Färber
- Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
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26
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Friedrich A, Eyselein J, Langer J, Färber C, Harder S. Cationic Heterobimetallic Mg(Zn)/Al(Ga) Combinations for Cooperative C–F Bond Cleavage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Friedrich
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Jonathan Eyselein
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Jens Langer
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Christian Färber
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
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27
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Jin X, Bai Y, Zhou Y, Wang G, Zhao L, Zhou M, Frenking G. Highly Coordinated Heteronuclear Calcium–Iron Carbonyl Cation Complexes [CaFe(CO)
n
]
+
(
n
=5–12) with d−d Bonding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Jin
- Department of Chemistry Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Yuna Bai
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Yangyu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Guanjun Wang
- Department of Chemistry Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35043 Marburg Germany
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Jin X, Bai Y, Zhou Y, Wang G, Zhao L, Zhou M, Frenking G. Highly Coordinated Heteronuclear Calcium-Iron Carbonyl Cation Complexes [CaFe(CO) n ] + (n=5-12) with d-d Bonding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13865-13870. [PMID: 33826215 PMCID: PMC8251804 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Heteronuclear calcium-iron carbonyl cation complexes in the form of [CaFe(CO)n ]+ (n=5-12) are produced in the gas phase. Infrared photodissociation spectroscopy in conjunction with quantum chemical calculations confirm that the n=10 complex is the coordination saturated ion where a Fe(CO)4 fragment is bonded with a Ca(CO)6 fragment through two side-on bridging carbonyl ligands. Bonding analysis indicates that it is best described by the bonding interactions between a [Ca(CO)6 ]2+ dication and an [Fe(CO)4 ]- anion forming a Fe→Ca d-d dative bond in the [(CO)6 Ca-Fe(CO)4 ]+ structure, which enriches the pool of experimentally observed complexes of calcium that mimic transition metal compounds. The molecule is the first example of a heteronuclear carbonyl complex featuring a d-d bond between calcium and a transition metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Jin
- Department of ChemistryShanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative MaterialsFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Yuna Bai
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211816China
| | - Yangyu Zhou
- Department of ChemistryShanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative MaterialsFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Guanjun Wang
- Department of ChemistryShanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative MaterialsFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211816China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Department of ChemistryShanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative MaterialsFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211816China
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Strasse 435043MarburgGermany
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Thum K, Pahl J, Eyselein J, Elsen H, Langer J, Harder S. Retro-Diels-Alder decomposition of norbornadiene mediated by a cationic magnesium complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5278-5281. [PMID: 33942830 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01691a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
First evidence for the coordination of norbornadiene (nbd) and dicyclopentadiene (dcpd) with the main group metal Mg is provided by the crystal structures of adducts with cationic β-diketiminate (BDI) Mg complexes. While the dcpd complex is thermally stable, [(BDI)Mg+·nbd][B(C6F5)4-] shows slow room temperature retro-Diels-Alder decomposition to give a complex with the cation (BDI)Mg(C5H5)Mg(BDI)+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Thum
- Inorganic and Metallorganic Chemistry, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, Erlangen 91058, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Pahl
- Inorganic and Metallorganic Chemistry, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, Erlangen 91058, Germany.
| | - Jonathan Eyselein
- Inorganic and Metallorganic Chemistry, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, Erlangen 91058, Germany.
| | - Holger Elsen
- Inorganic and Metallorganic Chemistry, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, Erlangen 91058, Germany.
| | - Jens Langer
- Inorganic and Metallorganic Chemistry, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, Erlangen 91058, Germany.
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Inorganic and Metallorganic Chemistry, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, Erlangen 91058, Germany.
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Thum
- Chair of Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Johannes Martin
- Chair of Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Holger Elsen
- Chair of Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Jonathan Eyselein
- Chair of Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Lena Stiegler
- Chair of Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Jens Langer
- Chair of Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Chair of Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
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31
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Abstract
The first intermolecular early main group metal-alkene complexes were isolated. This was enabled by using highly Lewis acidic Mg centers in the Lewis base-free cations (Me BDI)Mg+ and (tBu BDI)Mg+ with B(C6 F5 )4 - counterions (Me BDI=CH[C(CH3 )N(DIPP)]2 , tBu BDI=CH[C(tBu)N(DIPP)]2 , DIPP=2,6-diisopropylphenyl). Coordination complexes with various mono- and bis-alkene ligands, typically used in transition metal chemistry, were structurally characterized for 1,3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane, 1,5-cyclooctadiene, cyclooctene, 1,3,5-cycloheptatriene, 2,3-dimethylbuta-1,3-diene, and 2-ethyl-1-butene. In all cases, asymmetric Mg-alkene bonding with a short and a long Mg-C bond is observed. This asymmetry is most extreme for Mg-(H2 C=CEt2 ) bonding. In bromobenzene solution, the Mg-alkene complexes are either dissociated or in a dissociation equilibrium. A DFT study and AIM analysis showed that the C=C bonds hardly change on coordination and there is very little alkene→Mg electron transfer. The Mg-alkene bonds are mainly electrostatic and should be described as Mg2+ ion-induced dipole interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Thum
- Chair of Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Alexander Friedrich
- Chair of Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Jürgen Pahl
- Chair of Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Holger Elsen
- Chair of Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Jens Langer
- Chair of Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Chair of Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Friedrich
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Eyselein
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jens Langer
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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33
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Abstract
A series of neutral magnesium and calcium complexes bearing an extremely bulky diamido ligand have been synthesised and crystallographically characterised. A number of these complexes feature rare group 2 metalaromatic interactions, such as the η6-coordination of benzene and 'agostic-like' C-H coordination, the latter previously unseen in neutral Mg and Ca complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S McMullen
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Alison J Edwards
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Jamie Hicks
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, ACT 2601, Australia.
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Friedrich A, Pahl J, Eyselein J, Langer J, van Eikema Hommes N, Görling A, Harder S. Magnesium-halobenzene bonding: mapping the halogen sigma-hole with a Lewis-acidic complex. Chem Sci 2020; 12:2410-2418. [PMID: 34164006 PMCID: PMC8179342 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06321e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Complexes of the Lewis base-free cations (MeBDI)Mg+ and ( tBuBDI)Mg+ with Ph-X ligands (X = F, Cl, Br, I) have been studied (MeBDI = HC[C(Me)N-DIPP]2 and tBuBDI = HC[C(tBu)N-DIPP]2; DIPP = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl). For the smaller β-diketiminate ligand (MeBDI) only complexes with PhF could be isolated. Heavier Ph-X ligands could not compete with bonding of Mg to the weakly coordinating anion B(C6F5)4 -. For the cations with the bulkier tBuBDI ligand, the full series of halobenzene complexes was structurally characterized. Crystal structures show that the Mg⋯X-Ph angle strongly decreases with the size of X: F 139.1°, Cl 101.4°, Br 97.7°, I 95.1°. This trend, which is supported by DFT calculations, can be explained with the σ-hole which increases from F to I. Charge calculation and Atoms-In-Molecules analyses show that Mg⋯F-Ph bonding originates from electrostatic attraction between Mg2+ and the very polar C δ+-F δ- bond. For the heavier halobenzenes, polarization of the halogen atom becomes increasingly important (Cl < Br < I). Complexation with Mg leads in all cases to significant Ph-X bond activation and elongation. This unusual coordination of halogenated species to early main group metals is therefore relevant to C-X bond breaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Friedrich
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Jürgen Pahl
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Jonathan Eyselein
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Jens Langer
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Nico van Eikema Hommes
- Computer Chemistry Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nägelsbachstraße 25 91052 Erlangen Germany.,Theoretical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Theoretical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
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35
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Schorpp M, Krossing I. Stack by Stack: From the Free Cyclopentadienylgermanium Cation Via Heterobimetallic Main-Group Sandwiches to Main-Group Sandwich Coordination Polymers. Chemistry 2020; 26:14109-14117. [PMID: 32745294 PMCID: PMC7702131 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Heterobimetallic cationic sandwich complexes [M(μ-Cp)M'Cp]+ of group 13 (M=Ga, In) and group 14 (M'=Ge, Sn) elements have been prepared as [WCA]- salts (WCA=Al(ORF )4 ; ORF =OC(CF3 )3 ). Their molecular structures include free apical gallium or indium atoms. The sandwich complexes were formed in the reactions of [M(HMB)]+ [WCA]- (HMB=C6 Me6 ) with the free metallocenes [M'Cp2 ]. Their structures are related to known stannocene and stannocenium salts; the unprecedented germanium analogues, namely the free germanocenium cation [GeCp]+ and the corresponding triple-decker complex cation [CpGe(μ-Cp)GeCp]+ , are described herein. By variation of the reaction conditions, these sandwich complexes can be transformed into the group 13/14 mixed cationic coordination polymer [{In(HMB)(μ-SnCp2 )}n ][WCA]n . This polymeric chain motif was also successfully replicated by the synthesis of complexes [{Ga/In(HMB)(μ-FeCp2 )}n ][WCA]n containing FeCp2 as a bridging ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Schorpp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF)Albert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgAlbertstr. 2179104FreiburgGermany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF)Albert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgAlbertstr. 2179104FreiburgGermany
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36
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Dabringhaus P, Schorpp M, Scherer H, Krossing I. A Highly Lewis Acidic Strontium ansa-Arene Complex for Lewis Acid Catalysis and Isobutylene Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:22023-22027. [PMID: 32776669 PMCID: PMC7756322 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The potential of a dicationic strontium ansa‐arene complex for Lewis acid catalysis has been explored. The key to its synthesis was a simple salt metathesis from SrI2 and 2 Ag[Al(ORF)4], giving the base‐free strontium‐perfluoroalkoxyaluminate Sr[Al(ORF)4]2 (ORF=OC(CF3)3). Addition of an ansa‐arene yielded the highly Lewis acidic, dicationic strontium ansa‐arene complex. In preliminary experiments, the complex was successfully applied as a catalyst in CO2‐reduction to CH4 and a surprisingly controlled isobutylene polymerization reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Dabringhaus
- Institut für anorganische und analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg i.Br., Germany
| | - Marcel Schorpp
- Institut für anorganische und analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg i.Br., Germany
| | - Harald Scherer
- Institut für anorganische und analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg i.Br., Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für anorganische und analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg i.Br., Germany
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37
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Dabringhaus P, Schorpp M, Scherer H, Krossing I. A Highly Lewis Acidic Strontium
ansa
‐Arene Complex for Lewis Acid Catalysis and Isobutylene Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Dabringhaus
- Institut für anorganische und analytische Chemie Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg i.Br. Germany
| | - Marcel Schorpp
- Institut für anorganische und analytische Chemie Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg i.Br. Germany
| | - Harald Scherer
- Institut für anorganische und analytische Chemie Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg i.Br. Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für anorganische und analytische Chemie Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg i.Br. Germany
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38
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Wang S, Force G, Guillot R, Carpentier JF, Sarazin Y, Bour C, Gandon V, Lebœuf D. Lewis Acid/Hexafluoroisopropanol: A Promoter System for Selective ortho-C-Alkylation of Anilines with Deactivated Styrene Derivatives and Unactivated Alkenes. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengdong Wang
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 420, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Guillaume Force
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 420, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Régis Guillot
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 420, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Jean-François Carpentier
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes 1, CNRS UMR 6226, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Yann Sarazin
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes 1, CNRS UMR 6226, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Christophe Bour
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 420, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Vincent Gandon
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 420, 91405 Orsay, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM), Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, CNRS UMR 9168, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - David Lebœuf
- Institut de Science et d’Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Obi AD, Walley JE, Frey NC, Wong YO, Dickie DA, Webster CE, Gilliard RJ. Tris(carbene) Stabilization of Monomeric Magnesium Cations: A Neutral, Nontethered Ligand Approach. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akachukwu D. Obi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Road, PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Jacob E. Walley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Road, PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Nathan C. Frey
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Box 9573, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Yuen Onn Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Road, PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Diane A. Dickie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Road, PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Charles Edwin Webster
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Box 9573, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Robert J. Gilliard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Road, PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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Stegner P, Färber C, Oetzel J, Siemeling U, Wiesinger M, Langer J, Pan S, Holzmann N, Frenking G, Albold U, Sarkar B, Harder S. d-d Dative Bonding Between Iron and the Alkaline-Earth Metals Calcium, Strontium, and Barium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:14615-14620. [PMID: 32463527 PMCID: PMC7496664 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Double deprotonation of the diamine 1,1'-(tBuCH2 NH)-ferrocene (1-H2 ) by alkaline-earth (Ae) or EuII metal reagents gave the complexes 1-Ae (Ae=Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) and 1-Eu. 1-Mg crystallized as a monomer while the heavier complexes crystallized as dimers. The Fe⋅⋅⋅Mg distance in 1-Mg is too long for a bonding interaction, but short Fe⋅⋅⋅Ae distances in 1-Ca, 1-Sr, and 1-Ba clearly support intramolecular Fe⋅⋅⋅Ae bonding. Further evidence for interactions is provided by a tilting of the Cp rings and the related 1 H NMR chemical-shift difference between the Cp α and β protons. While electrochemical studies are complicated by complex decomposition, UV/Vis spectral features of the complexes support Fe→Ae dative bonding. A comprehensive bonding analysis of all 1-Ae complexes shows that the heavier species 1-Ca, 1-Sr, and 1-Ba possess genuine Fe→Ae bonds which involve vacant d-orbitals of the alkaline-earth atoms and partially filled d-orbitals on Fe. In 1-Mg, a weak Fe→Mg donation into vacant p-orbitals of the Mg atom is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Stegner
- Chair of Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Christian Färber
- Chair of Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Jan Oetzel
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of KasselHeinrich-Plett-Str. 4034132KasselGermany
| | - Ulrich Siemeling
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of KasselHeinrich-Plett-Str. 4034132KasselGermany
| | - Michael Wiesinger
- Chair of Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Jens Langer
- Chair of Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Sudip Pan
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Str. 435043MarburgGermany
| | - Nicole Holzmann
- Research Center for Computer-Aided Drug DiscoveryShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055China
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Str. 435043MarburgGermany
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211816China
| | - Uta Albold
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinFabeckstraße 34–3614195BerlinGermany
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinFabeckstraße 34–3614195BerlinGermany
- Chair of Inorganic Coordination ChemistryInstitut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Chair of Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
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Stegner P, Färber C, Oetzel J, Siemeling U, Wiesinger M, Langer J, Pan S, Holzmann N, Frenking G, Albold U, Sarkar B, Harder S. d–d Dative Bonding Between Iron and the Alkaline‐Earth Metals Calcium, Strontium, and Barium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Stegner
- Chair of Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Christian Färber
- Chair of Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Jan Oetzel
- Institute of Chemistry University of Kassel Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40 34132 Kassel Germany
| | - Ulrich Siemeling
- Institute of Chemistry University of Kassel Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40 34132 Kassel Germany
| | - Michael Wiesinger
- Chair of Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Jens Langer
- Chair of Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Sudip Pan
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Nicole Holzmann
- Research Center for Computer-Aided Drug Discovery Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4 35043 Marburg Germany
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Uta Albold
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstraße 34–36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstraße 34–36 14195 Berlin Germany
- Chair of Inorganic Coordination Chemistry Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Chair of Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Martin
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Eyselein
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Samuel Grams
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Brand
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry University Erlangen‐Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Andrea Causero
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry University Erlangen‐Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Holger Elsen
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry University Erlangen‐Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Jürgen Pahl
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry University Erlangen‐Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Jens Langer
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry University Erlangen‐Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry University Erlangen‐Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
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Schorpp M, Krossing I. Soft interactions with hard Lewis acids: generation of mono- and dicationic alkaline-earth metal arene-complexes by direct oxidation. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2068-2076. [PMID: 32180929 PMCID: PMC7057851 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc06254h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of the first unsupported dicationic arene complexes of calcium and strontium [(η6-HMB)AE(oDFB)4]2+ is reported (HMB = hexamethylbenzene; AE = alkaline earth metal; oDFB = ortho-difluorobenzene). They were prepared by direct oxidation of the elemental metals employing the ligand-forming radical cation salt [HMB][WCA] as an oxidant (WCA = [Al(ORF)4] or [μF-{Al(ORF)3}2]; RF = C(CF3)3). In addition, monocationic η6-HMB complexes of calcium, strontium and barium supported by coordination of the monodentate anion [F-Al(ORF)3]- are reported. In all examples, almost undistorted η6-HMB coordination is observed with rather short M-arenecentroid distances approaching those observed with the isoelectronic but negatively charged pentamethylcyclopentadienyl ligand. The structure and bonding, thermodynamic stability and Lewis acidity (fluoride/hydride ion affinities, FIA/HIA) of the generated complexes were assessed by DFT methods. It followed that the gaseous dications [(η6-HMB)AE(oDFB)4]2+ are extremely hard Lewis acids that retain FIAs close to superacidity in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Schorpp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie , Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) , Universität Freiburg , Albertstr. 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany .
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie , Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) , Universität Freiburg , Albertstr. 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany .
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Morris LJ, Rajabi NA, Hill MS, Manners I, McMullin CL, Mahon MF. Phosphinoborane interception at magnesium by borane-assisted phosphine-borane dehydrogenation. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:14584-14591. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03415k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ph2PBH2 is generated and trapped on-metal by addition of B(C6F5)3 to a β-diketiminato magnesium phospidoborane complex, similar reactivity is meanwhile prevented for the analogous calcium-based system by formation of a stable η6-toluene complex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Victoria
- Victoria
- Canada
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Lawrence SR, Ohlin CA, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Stasch A. Hydrocarbon-soluble, hexaanionic fulleride complexes of magnesium. Chem Sci 2019; 10:10755-10764. [PMID: 32055382 PMCID: PMC6993810 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03857d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fullerene C60 reacts with dimagnesium(i) compounds LMgMgL, where L is a monoanionic β-diketiminate ligand, to contact ion complexes [(LMg)nC60], where n is predominantly 2, 4 or 6.
The reaction of the magnesium(i) complexes [{(Arnacnac)Mg}2], (Arnacnac = HC(MeCNAr)2, Ar = Dip (2,6-iPr2C6H3), Dep (2,6-Et2C6H3), Mes (2,4,6-Me3C6H2), Xyl (2,6-Me2C6H3)) with fullerene C60 afforded a series of hydrocarbon-soluble fulleride complexes [{(Arnacnac)Mg}nC60], predominantly with n = 6, 4 and 2. 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopic studies show both similarities (n = 6) and differences (n = 4, 2) to previously characterised examples of fulleride complexes and materials with electropositive metal ions. The molecular structures of [{(Arnacnac)Mg}nC60] with n = 6, 4 and 2 can be described as inverse coordination complexes of n [(Arnacnac)Mg]+ ions with C60n– anions showing predominantly ionic metal–ligand interactions, and include the first well-defined and soluble complexes of the C606– ion. Experimental studies show the flexible ionic nature of the {(Arnacnac)Mg}+···C606– coordination bonds. DFT calculations on the model complex [{(Menacnac)Mg}6C60] (Menacnac = HC(MeCNMe)2) support the formulation as an ionic complex with a central C606– anion and comparable frontier orbitals to C606– with a small HOMO–LUMO gap. The reduction of C60 to its hexaanion gives an indication about the reducing strength of dimagnesium(i) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R Lawrence
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , North Haugh , St Andrews , KY16 9ST , UK .
| | - C André Ohlin
- Department of Chemistry , Umeå University , Linnaeus väg 10 , Umeå , 907 36 , Sweden
| | - David B Cordes
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , North Haugh , St Andrews , KY16 9ST , UK .
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , North Haugh , St Andrews , KY16 9ST , UK .
| | - Andreas Stasch
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , North Haugh , St Andrews , KY16 9ST , UK .
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Wilson ASS, Dinoi C, Hill MS, Mahon MF, Maron L, Richards E. Calcium Hydride Reduction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:1232-1237. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Dinoi
- Université de Toulouse et CNRS INSA UPS, UMR 5215 LPCNO 135 Avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse France
| | | | - Mary F. Mahon
- Department of Chemistry University of Bath Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Laurent Maron
- Université de Toulouse et CNRS INSA UPS, UMR 5215 LPCNO 135 Avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Emma Richards
- School of Chemistry Cardiff University Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Dinoi
- Université de Toulouse et CNRS INSA UPS, UMR 5215 LPCNO 135 Avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse France
| | | | - Mary F. Mahon
- Department of Chemistry University of Bath Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Laurent Maron
- Université de Toulouse et CNRS INSA UPS, UMR 5215 LPCNO 135 Avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Emma Richards
- School of Chemistry Cardiff University Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Mary F. Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Michael S. Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
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Abstract
We report the synthesis, structure and reactivity of molecular amidomagnesium cations bearing tris{2-(dimethylamino)-ethyl}amine (Me6TREN). Me6TREN binds to the cationic magnesium centre exhibiting κ4 and κ3 coordination modes in [Me6TREN-Mg-N(SiHMe2)2]+ and [Me6TREN-Mg-N(SiMe3)2]+ respectively. [Me6TREN-Mg-N(SiHMe2)2]+ reacts with benzophenone resulting in the insertion of the carbonyl group across β-SiH bond. The reaction between [Me6TREN-Mg-N(SiMe3)2]+ and CO2 leads to [Me6TREN-Mg-OSiMe3]+, while the reaction with H2O results in [Me6TREN-Mg-OH]22+. Attempts to prepare hydridomagnesium cations from [Me6TREN-Mg-N(SiMe3)2]+ using KH resulted in the precipitation of MgH2 and the isolation of [(Me6TREN)K(THF)3]+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumanta Banerjee
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India.
| | - Ankur
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India.
| | - Alex P Andrews
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India.
| | - Babu Varghese
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Ajay Venugopal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India.
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