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Aslani S, Armstrong DW. High Information Spectroscopic Detection Techniques for Gas Chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1676:463255. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Khan FU, Mehmood S, Liu S, Xu W, Shah MN, Zhao X, Ma J, Yang Y, Pan X. A p-n Heterojunction Based Pd/PdO@ZnO Organic Frameworks for High-Sensitivity Room-Temperature Formaldehyde Gas Sensor. Front Chem 2021; 9:742488. [PMID: 34616714 PMCID: PMC8489732 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.742488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As formaldehyde is an extremely toxic volatile organic pollutant, a highly sensitive and selective gas sensor for low-concentration formaldehyde monitoring is of great importance. Herein, metal-organic framework (MOF) derived Pd/PdO@ZnO porous nanostructures were synthesized through hydrothermal method followed by calcination processes. Specifically, porous Pd/PdO@ZnO nanomaterials with large surfaces were synthesized using MOFs as sacrificial templates. During the calcination procedure, an optimized temperature of 500°C was used to form a stable structure. More importantly, intensive PdO@ZnO inside the material and composite interface provides lots of p-n heterojunction to efficiently manipulate room temperature sensing performance. As the height of the energy barrier at the junction of PdO@ZnO exponentially influences the sensor resistance, the Pd/PdO@ZnO nanomaterials exhibit high sensitivity (38.57% for 100 ppm) at room temperature for 1-ppm formaldehyde with satisfactory selectivity towards (ammonia, acetone, methanol, and IPA). Besides, due to the catalytic effect of Pd and PdO, the adsorption and desorption of the gas molecules are accelerated, and the response and recovery time is as small as 256 and 264 s, respectively. Therefore, this MOF-driven strategy can prepare metal oxide composites with high surface area, well-defined morphology, and satisfactory room-temperature formaldehyde gas sensing performance for indoor air quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Ullah Khan
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shahid Mehmood
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shiliang Liu
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Muhammad Naeem Shah
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaojin Zhao
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junxian Ma
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yatao Yang
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaofang Pan
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Liu L, Chu X, Tian C, Xia M, Zhang L, Jiang J, Gui S. Chemo Proling and Simultaneous Analysis of Different Combinations of Sinomenii Caulis and Ramulus Cinnamomi Using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS, GC-MS and HPLC Methods. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 59:606-617. [PMID: 33969409 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sinomenii Caulis (QingFengTeng) and Ramulus Cinnamomi (GuiZhi) are traditional Chinese drugs that have been used for anti-inflammation. In this study, the team plans to find out the material basis of a Chinese herb combination composed of the two herbs with different ratios. METHODS The extracts of the herbal compound with various ratios obtained from ethanol extraction were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry to identify the basic chemical compounds. Simultaneously, the contents of the eight main components (sinomenine, magnoflorine, laurifoline, dauricine, coumarin, cinnamyl alcohol, cinnamic acid and cinnamaldehyde) from herb formula were determined by gradient elution by high-performance liquid chromatography. Furthermore, the content of sinomenine and cinnamaldehyde were determined by isocratic elution, respectively. RESULTS Eighteen compounds in the herb formula were identified by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS. The components in the GuiZhi are mostly volatile oils and the kinds of compounds isolated from the formula in the ratio of 4:1 were the most. Wherein eight compounds were identified as the main detection targets in the content determination. CONCLUSION The extraction rate of sinomenine in QingFengTeng was related to the proportion of GuiZhi in the drug pairs. Synchronously, the addition of sinomenine in different proportions also had some influence on the extraction of cinnamaldehyde in GuiZhi. Furthermore, the series of methods was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of chemical compounds in different samples of QingFengTeng-GuiZhi decoction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Xiaoqin Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Chunling Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Mengqiu Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Jianqin Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.,Cellular and molecular biology Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Shuangying Gui
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
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Detection of formaldehyde (HCHO) in solution based on the autocatalytic oxidation reaction of o-phenylenediamine (OPD) induced by silver ions (Ag+). JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-021-02279-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Cruse CA, Goodpaster JV. Thermal and spectroscopic analysis of nitrated compounds and their break-down products using gas chromatography/vacuum UV spectroscopy (GC/VUV). Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1143:117-123. [PMID: 33384109 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gas chromatography/vacuum UV spectroscopy (GC/VUV) was utilized to study various explosives and pharmaceuticals in the nitrate ester and nitramine structural classes. In addition to generating specific VUV spectra for each compound, VUV was used to indicate the onset of thermal decomposition based upon the appearance of break-down products such as nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, water, and molecular oxygen. The effect of temperature on decomposition could be fit to a logistical function where the fraction of intact compound remaining decreased as the transfer line/flow cell temperature was increased from 200 °C to 300 °C. Utilizing this relationship, the decomposition temperatures for the nitrate ester and nitramine compounds were determined to range between 244 °C and 277 °C. It was also discovered that the decomposition temperature was dependent on the GC carrier gas flow rate and, therefore, the residence time of the compounds in the transfer line/flow cell. For example, the measured decomposition temperature of nitroglycerine ranged from 222 °C to 253 °C across four flow rates. Tracking the appearance/disappearance of decomposition products across this temperature range indicated that NO, CO, and H2CO are final decomposition products while O2 and H2O are intermediate products. The decomposition temperatures for all explosives were highly correlated to similar decomposition measurements taken by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) (r = 0.91) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) (r = 0.90-0.98). In addition, the decomposition temperatures for all explosives were negatively correlated to the heat of explosion at constant volume (r = -0.68) and strongly positively correlated to the oxygen balance (r = 0.92).
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney A Cruse
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), 402 North Blackford Street, LD326, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - John V Goodpaster
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), 402 North Blackford Street, LD326, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA; Forensic and Investigative Sciences Program, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), 402 North Blackford Street, LD326, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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Cruse CA, Pu J, Goodpaster JV. Identifying Thermal Decomposition Products of Nitrate Ester Explosives Using Gas Chromatography-Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectroscopy: An Experimental and Computational Study. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 74:1486-1495. [PMID: 32192365 DOI: 10.1177/0003702820915506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of nitrate ester explosives (e.g., nitroglycerine) using gas chromatography-vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy (GC-VUV) results in their thermal decomposition into nitric oxide, water, carbon monoxide, oxygen, and formaldehyde. These decomposition products exhibit highly structured spectra in the VUV that is not seen in larger molecules. Computational analysis using time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) was utilized to investigate the excited states and vibronic transitions of these decomposition products. The experimental and computational results are compared with those in previous literature using synchrotron spectroscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), photoabsorption spectroscopy, and other computational excited state methods. It was determined that a benchtop GC-VUV detector gives comparable results to those previously reported, and TDDFT could predict vibronic spacing and model molecular orbital diagrams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney A Cruse
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, USA
| | - Jingzhi Pu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, USA
| | - John V Goodpaster
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, USA
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Lelevic A, Souchon V, Moreaud M, Lorentz C, Geantet C. Gas chromatography vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy: A review. J Sep Sci 2019; 43:150-173. [PMID: 31750981 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Accelerated technological progress and increased complexity of interrogated matrices imposes a demand for fast, powerful, and resolutive analysis techniques. Gas chromatography has been for a long time a 'go-to' technique for the analysis of mixtures of volatile and semi-volatile compounds. Coupling of the several dimensions of gas chromatography separation has allowed to access a realm of improved separations in the terms of increased separation power and detection sensitivity. Especially comprehensive separations offer an insight into detailed sample composition for complex samples. Combining these advanced separation techniques with an informative detection system such as vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy is therefore of great interest. Almost all molecules absorb the vacuum ultraviolet radiation and have distinct spectral features with compound classes exhibiting spectral signature similarities. Spectral information can be 'filtered' to extract the response in the most informative spectral ranges. Developed algorithms allow spectral mixture estimation of coeluting species. Vacuum ultraviolet detector follows Beer-Lambert law, with the possibility of calibrationless quantitation. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the features and specificities of gas chromatography-vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy coupling which has gained interest since the recent introduction of a commercial vacuum ultraviolet detector. Potentials and limitations, relevant theoretical considerations, recent advances and applications are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Lelevic
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize BP 3, 69360, Solaize, France.,IRCELYON, UMR5256 CNRS-UCB Lyon 1, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Vincent Souchon
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize BP 3, 69360, Solaize, France
| | - Maxime Moreaud
- IFP Energies nouvelles, Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize BP 3, 69360, Solaize, France.,MINESParisTech, PSL-ResearchUniversity, CMM, Fontainebleau, France
| | - Chantal Lorentz
- IRCELYON, UMR5256 CNRS-UCB Lyon 1, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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York JL, Magnuson RH, Camdzic D, Schug KA. Characterization of ethoxylated alcohols in friction reducers using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:1286-1292. [PMID: 31009549 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) provides detailed information for the analysis of ethoxylated alcohols and polymers. In this study, five friction reducers used in commercial hydraulic fracturing processes were analyzed in their as-received form to identify their ethoxylated alcohol content. The friction reducers were then subjected to lab-simulated downhole conditions. Characterization of friction reducers before and after being subjected to reactive conditions can provide fingerprints associated with produced oilfield waste for source apportionment and information on the stability of these key hydraulic fracturing additives. METHODS Five different industrially used friction reducers were analyzed for their ethoxylated alcohol content using MALDI-TOF-MS. Three different matrices were assessed for optimal response: α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid with 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (2,5-DHB + E). Reaction times, temperatures, and sample matrices (deionized water, produced water inorganic, produced water, and produced water + shale core) were varied to assess changes in molecular weight distribution and polydispersity of the ethoxylated alcohols relative to their as-received content. RESULTS A preference for the 2,5-DHB + E matrix was observed. The friction reducers were found to contain ethoxylated alcohols with carbon chain lengths of 12 and 14 with degrees of ethoxylation ranging from 6 to 18. Upon being subjected to 100°C for 24 hours, the ethoxylated alcohols tended to polymerize further, returning higher average molecular weights. Less polymerization was seen in more complex matrices, as supported by dispersity calculations. CONCLUSIONS Ethoxylated alcohol content was effectively determined in friction reducers using MALDI-TOF-MS. Although this is not a new technique to characterize ethoxylated alcohols, it has proven to be a quick and effective way to determine ethoxylated alcohol content in friction reducers in complex oilfield matrices. This technique can be used as a rapid and straightforward way to determine ethoxylated alcohol content in friction reducers and hydraulic fracturing wastewater for fingerprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L York
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Robert H Magnuson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Dino Camdzic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Kevin A Schug
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
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