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Pittiu A, Pannuzzo M, Casula L, Pireddu R, Valenti D, Cardia MC, Lai F, Rosa A, Sinico C, Schlich M. Production of liposomes by microfluidics: The impact of post-manufacturing dilution on drug encapsulation and lipid loss. Int J Pharm 2024; 664:124641. [PMID: 39191334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic mixing is recognized as a convenient method to produce liposomes for its scalability and reproducibility. Numerous studies have described the effect of process parameters such as flow rate ratios and total flow rate on size and size distribution of vesicles. In this work, we focused our attention on the effect of flow rate ratios on the encapsulation efficiency of liposomes, as we hypothesized that different amount of residual organic solvent could affect the retention of lipophilic drug molecules within the bilayer. In a further step, we investigated how the liposomes integrity and loading were impacted by different methods of solvent removal: direct dialysis and dilution & dialysis. Liposomes were prepared by rapidly mixing an ethanolic solution of lipids and a model drug with buffer in a herringbone micromixer, employing four different flow rate ratios (FRR, 4:1, 7:3, 3:2, 1:1). Quercetin, resveratrol and ascorbyl palmitate were used as model antioxidant drugs with different lipophilicity. Data showed that liposomes produced using lower flow rate ratios (i.e., with more residual ethanol) had lower encapsulation efficiencies as well as a more prominent loss of lipids from the bilayer following purification with direct dialysis. If the amount of residual ethanol was reduced to 5% (dilution & dialysis method), the lipids and drug leakage was prevented. Such effect was correlated with the drug aggregation propensity in different ethanol/water mixtures measured by molecular dynamics simulations. Overall, these results highlight the need to tailor the purification method basing on the molecular properties of the loaded drug to ensure high encapsulation and limit the waste of material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Pittiu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA 09042, Italy
| | - Martina Pannuzzo
- Data Science and Modelling, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Luca Casula
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA 09042, Italy
| | - Rosa Pireddu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA 09042, Italy
| | - Donatella Valenti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA 09042, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Cardia
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA 09042, Italy
| | - Francesco Lai
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA 09042, Italy
| | - Antonella Rosa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato 09042, CA, Italy
| | - Chiara Sinico
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA 09042, Italy
| | - Michele Schlich
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA 09042, Italy.
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Yang C, Zhao M, Chen Y, Song J, Wang D, Zou M, Liu J, Wen W, Xu S. Dietary bitter ginger-derived zerumbone improved memory performance during aging through inhibition of the PERK/CHOP-dependent endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. Food Funct 2024; 15:9070-9084. [PMID: 39078275 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00402g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
PERK/CHOP pathway-mediated excessive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is closely linked to aging-related cognitive impairment (ARCD). Zerumbone (ZB), a naturally occurring sesquiterpene molecule obtained from dietary bitter ginger, has garnered significant interest due to its diverse range of biological properties. It is unclear, though, if ZB can reduce ARCD by preventing ER stress that is dependent on the PERK/CHOP pathway. Here, the PERK-CHOP ER stress pathway was the main focus of an evaluation of the effects and mechanisms of ZB for attenuating ARCD in D-galactose (D-gal)-induced aging mice and SH-SY5Y cells. According to our findings, ZB not only greatly decreased neuronal impairment both in vitro and in vivo, but also significantly alleviated learning and memory failure in vivo. ZB significantly reduced the activation of the PERK/CHOP pathway and neuronal apoptosis in vitro and in vivo, exhibiting the down-regulation of GRP78, p-PREK/PERK, and CHOP expression levels, in addition to suppressing oxidative damage (MDA drop and SOD rise). Comparable outcomes were noted in SH-SY5Y cells subjected to severe ER stress caused by TM. On the other hand, 4-PBA, an ER stress inhibitor, considerably reversed these modifications. Remarkably, CCT020312 (a PERK activator) dramatically overrode the inhibitory effects of ZB on the PERK/CHOP pathway and neuronal death in D-gal-induced SH-SY5Y cells. In contrast, GSK2606414 (a PERK inhibitor) significantly increased these effects of ZB. In summary, our results suggested that ZB prevented D-gal-induced cognitive deficits by blocking the PERK/CHOP-dependent ER stress pathway and apoptosis, suggesting that ZB might be a natural sesquiterpene molecule that relieves ARCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
- Institute of Materia Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Meihuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
- Institute of Materia Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
- Institute of Materia Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Juxian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
- Institute of Materia Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Mi Zou
- Institute of Materia Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jingru Liu
- University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Wen Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
- Institute of Materia Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Shijun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
- Institute of Materia Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
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Soroush A, Pourhossein S, Hosseingholizadeh D, Hjazi A, Shahhosseini R, Kavoosi H, Kermanshahi N, Behnamrad P, Ghavamikia N, Dadashpour M, Karkon Shayan S. Anti-cancer potential of zerumbone in cancer and glioma: current trends and future perspectives. Med Oncol 2024; 41:125. [PMID: 38652207 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02327-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Plant-derived immunomodulators and antitumor factors have appealed lots of attention from natural product scientists for their efficiency and safety and their important contribution to well-designed targeted drug action and delivery mechanisms. Zerumbone (ZER), the chief component of Zingiber zerumbet rhizomes, has been examined for its wide-spectrum in the treatment of multi-targeted diseases. The rhizomes have been used as food flavoring agents in numerous cuisines and in flora medication. Numerous in vivo and in vitro experiments have prepared confirmation of ZER as a potent immunomodulator as well as a potential anti-tumor agent. This review is an interesting compilation of all the important results of the research carried out to date to investigate the immunomodulatory and anticancer properties of ZER. The ultimate goal of this comprehensive review is to supply updated information and a crucial evaluation on ZER, including its chemistry and immunomodulating and antitumour properties, which may be of principal importance to supply a novel pathway for subsequent investigation to discover new agents to treat cancers and immune-related sickness. In addition, updated information on the toxicology of ZER has been summarized to support its safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siavash Pourhossein
- Department of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, via Mersin 10, Famagusta, North Cyprus, Turkey
| | | | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Haniyeh Kavoosi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Nazgol Kermanshahi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Parisa Behnamrad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Nima Ghavamikia
- Cardiology Department, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Dadashpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
- Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
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Gao J, Fan H, Wang X, Cheng Y, Hao J, Han S, Wu S. Association between serum omega-3 PUFAs levels and cognitive impairment in never medically treated first-episode patients with geriatric depression: A cross-sectional study. J Affect Disord 2024; 346:1-6. [PMID: 37923225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Geriatric depression increases the public health burden and health care costs, reduces quality of life. Studies have shown the association between ω-3 PUFAs levels and inflammatory markers levels and depression, but few have explored the relationship between omega-3 PUFAs, inflammatory markers, and cognitive function in geriatric depression. This study aimed to compare the differences in ω-3 PUFAs levels and inflammatory markers between geriatric depression with cognitive impairment (CI) and those without CI. METHODS A total of three hundred and five elderly patients were recruited. In addition to collecting basic information, their blood specimens were collected to detect serum EPA, DHA, AA, TC, LDL-C, IL-6, TNF-α, and hs-CRP levels. The Hamilton depression scale (HAMD), Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA), and The Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) were used to assess their depression, anxiety, and cognitive function, respectively. RESULTS Compared to those without CI, geriatric depression patients with CI had higher serum TC, LDL-C levels, lower EPA, DHA, and AA levels, and more elevated IL-6, TNF-α, and hs-CRP levels (all P < 0.05). Further linear regression analysis showed that EPA, DHA, and TNF-α, hs-CRP levels were significantly associated with the occurrence and the severity of CI. LIMITATIONS No causal relationship could be drawn due to the cross-sectional design. CONCLUSIONS Omega-3 PUFAs and inflammatory factors levels may predict CI in elderly patients with MDD in the future. Our findings suggest that ω-3 PUFAs (EPA and DHA) and inflammatory factors (TNF-α and CRP) may predict the occurrence and the severity of CI among elderly MDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Huiyu Fan
- Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | | | - Jingjing Hao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Mental Health Center of Tsingtao, Tsingtao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Siqi Han
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Suping Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Song C, Ji Y, Wang W, Tao N. Ginger polysaccharide promotes myeloid-derived suppressor cell apoptosis by regulating lipid metabolism. Phytother Res 2023; 37:2894-2901. [PMID: 36806265 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Recently, targeting myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) which mainly play an immunosuppressive role in tumor microenvironment has become a hot spot in tumor immunotherapy. This study focuses on biological effect of ginger polysaccharide extracted from natural plants on promoting apoptosis of MDSCs by regulating lipid metabolism. An MTT assay was used to detect the inhibitory effect of ginger polysaccharide on the growth of an MDSC-like cell line (MSC-2). The apoptosis-promoting effect of ginger polysaccharide on MSC-2 cells was detected by flow cytometry. Expression levels of apoptosis proteins (caspase 9 and Bcl-2) and lipid metabolism enzymes (fatty acid synthase (FASN) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2) in MSC-2 cells treated with different concentrations of ginger polysaccharide were detected by western blot assay. Nile red staining was used to quantitatively detect the effect of ginger polysaccharide on lipid droplet synthesis. Ginger polysaccharide inhibited proliferation of MSC-2 cells and promoted their apoptosis by upregulating pro-apoptotic caspase 9 protein, downregulating anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein, inhibiting expression of FASN and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (key enzymes in fatty acid synthesis and lipid droplet formation, respectively). Ginger polysaccharide promoted apoptosis of MDSCs by regulating key lipid metabolism enzymes, inhibiting fatty acid synthesis and lipid droplet accumulation, and reducing the energy supply of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yufei Ji
- Xicheng District Youth Science and Technology centre, Beijing, China
| | | | - Ning Tao
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Petretto GL, Vacca G, Addis R, Pintore G, Nieddu M, Piras F, Sogos V, Fancello F, Zara S, Rosa A. Waste Citrus limon Leaves as Source of Essential Oil Rich in Limonene and Citral: Chemical Characterization, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties, and Effects on Cancer Cell Viability. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1238. [PMID: 37371968 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated chemical composition, cytotoxicity in normal and cancer cells, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the essential oil (EO) isolated by hydrodistillation from the discarded leaves of lemon (Citrus limon) plants cultivated in Sardinia (Italy). The volatile chemical composition of lemon leaf EO (LLEO) was analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with flame ionization detection (GC/MS and GC/FID). The most abundant component of LLEO was limonene (260.7 mg/mL), followed by geranial (102.6 mg/mL) and neral (88.3 mg/mL). The antimicrobial activity of LLEO was tested using eight bacterial strains and two types of yeasts by a microdilution broth test. Candida albicans showed the greatest susceptibility (MIC = 0.625 μL/mL) and Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus were inhibited at low LLEO concentration (MIC values from 2.5 to 5 μL/mL). The C. limon leaf EO displayed radical scavenging ability (IC50 value of 10.24 mg/mL) in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazylhydrate (DPPH) assay. Furthermore, the LLEO impact on cell viability was explored by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in cancer HeLa cells, A375 melanoma cell line, normal fibroblasts (3T3 cells), and keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). LLEO, at 24 h of incubation, significantly reduced viability from 25 μM in Hela cells (33% reduction) and A375 cells (27%), greatly affecting cell morphology, whereas this effect was found from 50 μM on 3T3 fibroblasts and keratinocytes. LLEO's pro-oxidant effect was also established in HeLa cells by 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Luigi Petretto
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vacca
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Roberta Addis
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giorgio Pintore
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Mariella Nieddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Franca Piras
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Valeria Sogos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Francesco Fancello
- Department of Agriculture, University of Sassari, Viale Italia, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Severino Zara
- Department of Agriculture, University of Sassari, Viale Italia, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonella Rosa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
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Rosa A, Nieddu M, Pitzanti G, Pireddu R, Lai F, Cardia MC. Impact of solid lipid nanoparticles on 3T3 fibroblasts viability and lipid profile: The effect of curcumin and resveratrol loading. J Appl Toxicol 2023; 43:272-286. [PMID: 35978497 PMCID: PMC10087382 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the impact in 3T3 fibroblasts of several types of empty and curcumin- and resveratrol-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) on cell viability and lipid metabolism in relation to their lipid content and encapsulated drug. SLN, prepared by hot homogenization/ultrasonication, were characterized with respect to size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential. Compritol® 888 ATO at different concentrations (4%, 5%, and 6% wt/wt) was chosen as lipid matrix while Poloxamer 188 (from 2.2% to 3.3% wt/wt) and Transcutol (TRC; 2% or 4%) were added as nanoparticle excipients. Prepared SLN were able to encapsulate high drug amount (encapsulation efficiency percentage of about 97-99%). All empty SLN did not show cytotoxicity (by MTT assay, at 24 h of incubation) in 3T3 cells independently of the lipid and TRC amount, while a viability reduction in the range 5-11% and 12-27% was observed in 3T3 cells treated with curcumin-loaded and resveratrol-loaded SLN, respectively. SLN without TRC did not affect cell lipid metabolism, independently from the lipid content. Empty and loaded SLN formulated with 4% of Compritol and 4% of TRC significantly affected, after 24 h of incubation at the dose of 5 μl/ml, cell polar lipids (phospholipids and free cholesterol) and fatty acid profile, with respect to control cells. Loaded compounds significantly modulated the impact of the corresponding empty formulation on cell lipids. Therefore, the combined impact on lipid metabolism of SLN and loaded drug should be taken in consideration in the evaluation of the toxicity, potential application, and therapeutic effects of new formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Rosa
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mariella Nieddu
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giulia Pitzanti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Rosa Pireddu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesco Lai
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Cardia
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Xanthomicrol Activity in Cancer HeLa Cells: Comparison with Other Natural Methoxylated Flavones. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020558. [PMID: 36677614 PMCID: PMC9864045 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The methoxylated flavone xanthomicrol represents an uncommon active phenolic compound identified in herbs/plants with a long application in traditional medicine. It was isolated from a sample of Achillea erba-rotta subsp. moschata (musk yar-row) flowering tops. Xanthomicrol promising biological properties include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities. This study mainly focused on the evaluation of the xanthomicrol impact on lipid metabolism in cancer HeLa cells, together with the investigation of the treatment-induced changes in cell growth, morphology, and apoptosis. At the dose range of 5-100 μM, xanthomicrol (24 h of incubation) significantly reduced viability and modulated lipid profile in cancer Hela cells. It induced marked changes in the phospholipid/cholesterol ratio, significant decreases in the levels of oleic and palmitic acids, and a marked increase of stearic acid, involving an inhibitory effect on de novo lipogenesis and desaturation in cancer cells. Moreover, marked cell morphological alterations, signs of apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase were observed in cancer treated cells. The bioactivity profile of xanthomicrol was compared to that of the anticancer methoxylated flavones eupatilin and artemetin, and structure-activity relationships were underlined.
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Wang J, Liu YM, Hu J, Chen C. Trained immunity in monocyte/macrophage: Novel mechanism of phytochemicals in the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1109576. [PMID: 36895942 PMCID: PMC9989041 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1109576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the pathology of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD), characterized by persistent chronic inflammation in the vessel wall, in which monocytes/macrophages play a key role. It has been reported that innate immune system cells can assume a persistent proinflammatory state after short stimulation with endogenous atherogenic stimuli. The pathogenesis of AS can be influenced by this persistent hyperactivation of the innate immune system, which is termed trained immunity. Trained immunity has also been implicated as a key pathological mechanism, leading to persistent chronic inflammation in AS. Trained immunity is mediated via epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming and occurs in mature innate immune cells and their bone marrow progenitors. Natural products are promising candidates for novel pharmacological agents that can be used to prevent or treat cardiovascular diseases (CVD). A variety of natural products and agents exhibiting antiatherosclerotic abilities have been reported to potentially interfere with the pharmacological targets of trained immunity. This review describes in as much detail as possible the mechanisms involved in trained immunity and how phytochemicals of this process inhibit AS by affecting trained monocytes/macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Mei Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, China
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Rondina DBL, de Lima LVA, da Silva MF, Zanetti TA, Felicidade I, Marques LA, Coatti GC, Mantovani MS. Differential mRNA expression in the induction of DNA damage, G 2/M arrest, and cell death by zerumbone in HepG2/C3A cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 85:105474. [PMID: 36122806 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Zerumbone (ZER) is a phytochemical with antioxidant and antiproliferative properties. This study evaluated the cytoxicity of ZER combined with chemotherapeutic agents and the expression of mRNA genes related to cell cycle, cell death, xenobiotic metabolism, DNA damage, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in HepG2/C3A cells. ZER was cytotoxic (IC50, 44.31 μM). ZER-induced apoptosis was related to BBC3 and ERN1 upregulation (ER stress), and its antiproliferative effects were attributable to MYC, IGF1, and NF-kB mRNA inhibition. ZER-induced G2/M arrest and DNA damage was associated with mRNA expression of cell cycle (CDKN1A) and DNA damage (GADD45A) genes. Increased CYP1A2 and CYP2C19 mRNA expression suggested ZER metabolization, and reduced CYP1A1 and CYP2D6 expression indicated a longer time of action of ZER in the cell, enhancing its pharmacological effect. ZER downregulated TP53, PARP1, BIRC5 (apoptosis), and MAP1LC3A (autophagy). In apoptosis assay, the data of the association treatments with ZER suggested antagonism. In cytotoxicity assay, the data of the association treatments with ZER suggested synergism action to cisplatin and antagonism action to doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil. Thus, ZER has potential for application in chemotherapy as it modulates mRNA targets; however, it may not have the desired efficiency when combined with other chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Berbel Lirio Rondina
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luan Vitor Alves de Lima
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Matheus Felipe da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Thalita Alves Zanetti
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Felicidade
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lilian Areal Marques
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Giuliana Castello Coatti
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mario Sergio Mantovani
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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11
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Rosa A, Isola R, Pollastro F, Nieddu M. Effect of the natural polymethoxylated flavone artemetin on lipid oxidation and its impact on cancer cell viability and lipids. Fitoterapia 2021; 156:105102. [PMID: 34921927 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.105102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The biochemical class of the polymethoxylated flavonoids represents uncommon phenolic compounds in plants presenting a more marked lipophilic behavior due to the alkylation of its hydroxylic groups. As a polymethoxylated flavone, which concerns a different bioavailability, artemetin (ART) has been examined in vitro against lipid oxidation and its impact on cancer cells has been explored. Despite this flavone only exerted a slight protection against in vitro fatty acid and cholesterol oxidative degradation, ART significantly reduced viability and modulated lipid profile in cancer Hela cells at the dose range 10-50 μM after 72 h of incubation. It induced marked changes in the monounsaturated/saturated phospholipid class, significant decreased the levels of palmitic, oleic and palmitoleic acids, maybe involving an inhibitory effect on de novo lipogenesis and desaturation in cancer cells. Moreover, ART compromised normal mitochondrial function, inducing a noteworthy mitochondrial membrane polarization in cancer cells. A dose-dependent absorption of ART was evidenced in HeLa cell pellets (15.2% of the applied amount at 50 μM), coupled to a marked increase in membrane fluidity, as indicate by the dose-dependent fluorescent Nile Red staining (red emissions). Our results validate the ART role as modulatory agent on cancer cell physiology, especially impacting viability, lipid metabolism, cell fluidity, and mitochondrial potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Rosa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, Km 4.5, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Raffaella Isola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, Km 4.5, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federica Pollastro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy; PlantaChem Srls, via Amico Canobio 4/6, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Mariella Nieddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, Km 4.5, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
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12
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Kashiwazaki G, Watanabe R, Tsuzuki T, Yamamoto C, Nishikawa A, Ohtomo S, Yoshikawa T, Kitamura Y, Utaka Y, Kawai Y, Tsuchida N, Kitayama T. Brønsted acid-induced transannulation of the phytochemical zerumbone. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:10444-10454. [PMID: 34812828 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01634b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The sesquiterpene zerumbone was treated with HCl in ethyl acetate under the light-protected condition, and the time-dependent conversions were analyzed by gas chromatography. Nine products were isolated, and their structures were revealed by several NMR measurements such as 1H NMR, 13C{1H} NMR, distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT)-135, 1H-1H correlation spectroscopy (COSY), 1H-13C heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence (HMQC), and 1H-13C heteronuclear multiple bond coherence (HMBC). The X-ray crystallography determined the stereochemistries of the three products and the two derivatives. After all, this acidic reaction was found to provide the (2Z,6E,10E)-isomer, the two HCl adducts, the two 7,6-bicyclic compounds, the valence isomers cycloheptatriene and norcaradiene, and the two dihydronaphthalenes. Based on the product analyses of the reactions from the isolated intermediates as well as the mechanistic considerations, these products were arranged into two paths: one of the paths ended in the two dihydronaphthalenes the same as previously reported under the Lewis acid condition; the other ended in the 7,6-bicyclic compound, the epimer of which was known. In addition, density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicated that the (2Z,6E,10E)-isomer was more stable than the (2E,6E,10Z)-isomer as well as that the activation energy for the isomerization at the C2-C3 double bond decreased to half by protonation. The closely examined reaction mechanisms under the simple acidic condition were established upon the intensive characterization of the intermediates and products, and these findings would add to the attractive value of zerumbone and would help understand the unknown biosynthetic pathway around sesquiterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengo Kashiwazaki
- Major in Advanced Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Nara 631-8505, Japan.
| | - Ryo Watanabe
- Major in Advanced Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Nara 631-8505, Japan.
| | - Terutaka Tsuzuki
- Major in Advanced Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Nara 631-8505, Japan.
| | - Chieko Yamamoto
- Major in Advanced Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Nara 631-8505, Japan.
| | - Atsuya Nishikawa
- Major in Advanced Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Nara 631-8505, Japan.
| | - Satoru Ohtomo
- Major in Advanced Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Nara 631-8505, Japan.
| | - Tomomi Yoshikawa
- Major in Advanced Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Nara 631-8505, Japan.
| | - Yuto Kitamura
- Major in Advanced Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Nara 631-8505, Japan.
| | - Yoshimi Utaka
- Major in Advanced Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Nara 631-8505, Japan.
| | - Yasushi Kawai
- Faculty of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829, Japan
| | - Noriko Tsuchida
- Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Takashi Kitayama
- Major in Advanced Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Nara 631-8505, Japan.
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13
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Bioactive Compounds from Zingiber montanum and Their Pharmacological Activities with Focus on Zerumbone. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112110205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The genus Zingiber consists of about 85 species and many of these species are used as food, spices, and medicines. One of the species, Zingiber montanum (J. Koenig) Link ex A. Dietr. is native to Southeast Asia and has been extensively used as traditional medicines and food. The aim of this review was to collect and critically analyze the scientific information about the bioactive compounds and pharmacological activities of Z. montanum with focus on one of the main components, zerumbone (ZER). Various studies have reported the analysis of volatile constituents of the essential oils from Z. montanum. Similarly, many phenylbutanoids, flavonoids and terpenes were also isolated from rhizomes. These essential oils, extracts and compounds showed potent antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities among others. Zerumbone has been studied widely for its anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and other pharmacological activities. Future studies should focus on the exploration of various pharmacological activities of other compounds including phenylbutanoids and flavonoids. Bioassay guided isolation may result in the separation of other active components from the extracts. Z. montanum could be a promising source for the development of pharmaceutical products and functional foods.
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14
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AbuZahra HM, Rajendran P, Ismail MB. Zerumbone Exhibit Protective Effect against Zearalenone Induced Toxicity via Ameliorating Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Induced Apoptosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101593. [PMID: 34679730 PMCID: PMC8533127 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone are widely occurring food contaminants that cause hepatotoxicity. This research work aimed to investigate how zerumbone, a plant-derived dietary compound, can fight ZEA-induced hepatotoxicity. ZER is found to increase the cells’ toxin resistance. This study was performed on mice challenged with ZEA. The administration of ZER decreased the level of alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Simultaneously, ZER attenuated the inflammatory response via significantly reducing the levels of pro-inflammatory factors, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum. Pretreatment with ZER reduced the hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, as well as the depletion of hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), hepatic glutathione (GSH), and hepatic catalase (CAT). Moreover, it significantly ameliorated ZEA-induced liver damage and histological hepatocyte changes. ZER also relieved ZEA-induced apoptosis by regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway and Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. Furthermore, ZER increasingly activated Bcl2 and suppressed apoptosis marker proteins. Our findings suggest that ZER exhibits the ability to prevent ZEA-induced liver injury and present the underlying molecular basis for potential applications of ZER to cure liver injuries.
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15
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Salamone S, Nieddu M, Khalili A, Sansaro A, Bombardelli E, Rosa A, Pollastro F. Effects of quercetin and artemetin prenylation on bioavailability and bioactivity. Chem Phys Lipids 2021; 240:105137. [PMID: 34529978 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2021.105137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a huge class of polyphenolic compounds ubiquitous in higher plants, in most food and beverages of natural origin. They could be considered as dietary phenols, which exert many health-promoting effects on human and animal physiology with a wide range of biomedical and nutritional functions such as activation or inhibition of enzymes like lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase, the detoxification of carcinogens and chemoprevention. From a chemical point of view, these aromatic compounds can be divided in six subgroups depending on the position of aromatic B ring on C ring, the degree of unsaturation and oxidation, the position of hydroxyl groups and their functionalization. Between flavonoids, the prenylated ones represent a unique class occurring in nature where the C-prenylation is the most common, whereas O-prenylation is rarely present. The presence of this lipophilic functional group in different positions on the scaffold of flavonoids can sometimes lead to relevant changes in their biological activity due to an increased bioavailability. Capitalizing on the restricted incidence in nature of prenylated flavonoids, we have assessed the synthesis of C- and O-prenylated derivatives starting from two flavonoids, quercetin and artemetin, aimed at the exploration of structure-activity relationships. Results showed that prenylation significantly increased the cytotoxic effect of flavonoids in cancer HeLa cells, also improving their capacity to affect cell phospholipid and fatty acid composition. A marked cell bioavailability increase was demonstrated for the artemetin C-prenylated derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Salamone
- Dip. Di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, l̥Largo Donegani 2/3, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Mariella Nieddu
- Dip. di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, l̥SS 554, Km 4.5, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Adil Khalili
- Dip. Di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, l̥Largo Donegani 2/3, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Andrea Sansaro
- Dip. Di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, l̥Largo Donegani 2/3, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Rosa
- Dip. di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, l̥SS 554, Km 4.5, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Federica Pollastro
- Dip. Di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, l̥Largo Donegani 2/3, 28100 Novara, Italy; PlantaChem S.R.L.S., l̥via Amico Canobio 4/6, 28100 Novara, Italy.
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16
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Rosa A, Isola R, Pollastro F, Caria P, Appendino G, Nieddu M. The dietary flavonoid eupatilin attenuates in vitro lipid peroxidation and targets lipid profile in cancer HeLa cells. Food Funct 2021; 11:5179-5191. [PMID: 32436500 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00777c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Eupatilin is a dietary flavonoid isolated from the alpine wormwoods, used for the genepy liqueur production. This flavone protects cells and tissues against oxidative stress and targets cancer cells, inducing cytotoxicity, cell circle arrest, apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction. This study examines the EUP in vitro antioxidant effects on cholesterol and phospholipid membrane oxidation and explores its ability to modulate the cancer cell lipid profile. This flavone remarkably protected fatty acids and cholesterol against oxidative degradation by scavenging lipoperoxyl radicals. EUP (24 h of incubation) significantly reduced viability and modulated the total lipid and fatty acid profiles in cancer HeLa cells. It induced marked changes in the phospholipid/cholesterol ratio, significant decreases in the levels of oleic and palmitic acids and a marked increase of stearic acid, involving an inhibitory effect on de novo lipogenesis and desaturation in cancer cells. Moreover, a noteworthy mitochondrial membrane depolarization, signs of apoptosis, abnormal mitosis with multi-nucleation (mitotic catastrophe) and morphological alterations were observed in cancer EUP-treated cells. Our results validate the EUP role as antioxidant agent for the treatment/prevention of disorders implicating a membrane lipid oxidative damage and substantiate cell lipid metabolism as another possible target of this dietary natural flavonoid in cancer HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rosa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Km 4.5 SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - R Isola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Km 4.5 SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - F Pollastro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - P Caria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Km 4.5 SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - G Appendino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - M Nieddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Km 4.5 SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy.
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17
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Su CC, Wang SC, Chen IC, Chiu FY, Liu PL, Huang CH, Huang KH, Fang SH, Cheng WC, Huang SP, Yeh HC, Liu CC, Lee PY, Huang MY, Li CY. Zerumbone Suppresses the LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response and Represses Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Macrophages. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:652860. [PMID: 34045963 PMCID: PMC8144706 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.652860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Zerumbone is a natural product isolated from the pinecone or shampoo ginger, Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith, which has a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory effects. However, the effects of zerumbone on activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages have not been examined. This study aimed to examine the effects of zerumbone on LPS-induced inflammatory responses and NLRP3 inflammasome activation using murine J774A.1 cells, murine peritoneal macrophages, and murine bone marrow-derived macrophages. Cells were treated with zerumbone following LPS or LPS/ATP treatment. Production of nitric oxide (NO) was measured by Griess reagent assay. The levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β secretion were analyzed by ELISA. Western blotting analysis was performed to determine the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), COX-2, MAPKs, and NLRP3 inflammasome-associated proteins. The activity of NF-κB was determined by a promoter reporter assay. The assembly of NLRP3 was examined by immunofluorescence staining and observed by confocal laser microscopy. Our experimental results indicated that zerumbone inhibited the production of NO, PGE2 and IL-6, suppressed the expression of iNOS and COX-2, repressed the phosphorylation of ERK, and decreased the activity of NF-κB in LPS-activated J774A.1 cells. In addition, zerumbone suppressed the production of IL-1β and inhibited the activity of NLRP3 inflammasome in LPS/ATP- and LPS/nigericin-activated J774A.1 cells. On the other hand, we also found that zerumbone repressed the production of NO and proinflammatory cytokines in LPS-activated murine peritoneal macrophages and bone marrow-derived macrophages. In conclusion, our experimental results demonstrate that zerumbone effectively attenuates the LPS-induced inflammatory response in macrophages both in vitro and ex vivo by suppressing the activation of the ERK-MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways as well as blocking the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. These results imply that zerumbone may be beneficial for treating sepsis and inflammasome-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Cheng Su
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Senior Citizen Service Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chi Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Chen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yen Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Len Liu
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Han Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hua Huang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hua Fang
- Institute of Athletics, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chung Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Pin Huang
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chih Yeh
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chih Liu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yii Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yang Li
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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18
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Woo HJ, Yang JY, Lee P, Kim JB, Kim SH. Zerumbone Inhibits Helicobacter pylori Urease Activity. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092663. [PMID: 34062878 PMCID: PMC8124612 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) produces urease in order to improve its settlement and growth in the human gastric epithelium. Urease inhibitors likely represent potentially powerful therapeutics for treating H. pylori; however, their instability and toxicity have proven problematic in human clinical trials. In this study, we investigate the ability of a natural compound extracted from Zingiber zerumbet Smith, zerumbone, to inhibit the urease activity of H. pylori by formation of urease dimers, trimers, or tetramers. As an oxygen atom possesses stronger electronegativity than the first carbon atom bonded to it, in the zerumbone structure, the neighboring second carbon atom shows a relatively negative charge (δ−) and the next carbon atom shows a positive charge (δ+), sequentially. Due to this electrical gradient, it is possible that H. pylori urease with its negative charges (such as thiol radicals) might bind to the β-position carbon of zerumbone. Our results show that zerumbone dimerized, trimerized, or tetramerized with both H. pylori urease A and urease B molecules, and that this formation of complex inhibited H. pylori urease activity. Although zerumbone did not affect either gene transcription or the protein expression of urease A and urease B, our study demonstrated that zerumbone could effectively dimerize with both urease molecules and caused significant functional inhibition of urease activity. In short, our findings suggest that zerumbone may be an effective H. pylori urease inhibitor that may be suitable for therapeutic use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jun Woo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Semyung University, Jecheon 27136, Korea;
| | - Ji Yeong Yang
- Division of Crop Foundation, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju 55365, Korea;
| | - Pyeongjae Lee
- School of Oriental Medicine and Bio Convergence Sciences, Semyung University, Jecheon 27136, Korea;
| | - Jong-Bae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea;
| | - Sa-Hyun Kim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Semyung University, Jecheon 27136, Korea;
- Correspondence:
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19
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Zerumbone augments cognitive enhancement potentials of EPA+DHA: insight from a hyperlipidaemic rat model. Br J Nutr 2020; 124:1353-1360. [PMID: 32616107 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520002445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hyperlipidaemia and cognitive dysfunction (CD) are the two public health concerns. Though hyperlipidaemia has been comprehensively studied in respect to CVD, its role on CD needs to be explored. Hence, we evaluated hyperlipidaemia as a risk factor for CD and the efficacy of EPA (20 : 5n-3) + DHA (22 : 6n-3) and zerumbone (Z) in modulating CD under hyperlipidaemic conditions. Male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were fed control, high-fat (HF), high-fat + fish oil (HF + F), high-fat + zerumbone (HF+Z) and high-fat + fish oil + zerumbone (HF+F+Z) containing diets. After a 30 d feeding trial, memory parameters (Morris water maze, elevated plus maze (transfer latency) and T-maze (spontaneous alteration)) and locomotor skills (open field test and rotarod test) were assessed. Hyperlipidaemia significantly (P < 0·05) reduced memory and motor coordination skills compared with control. However, the administration of EPA + DHA and zerumbone significantly (P < 0·05) restored the hyperlipidaemia-induced loss of memory and motor coordination skills. Collectively, our data imply that hyperlipidaemia causes CD by decreasing memory and motor coordination skills, and administration of EPA + DHA and zerumbone prevents hyperlipidaemia-induced CD. The augmented effect of EPA + DHA, together with zerumbone, discloses a promising strategy for lowering the severity of CD in hyperlipidaemic conditions.
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20
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Transcutol ® P Containing SLNs for Improving 8-Methoxypsoralen Skin Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12100973. [PMID: 33076355 PMCID: PMC7602665 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Topical psoralens plus ultraviolet A radiation (PUVA) therapy consists in the topical application of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) followed by the skin irradiation with ultraviolet A radiation. The employment of classical 8-MOP vehicles in topical PUVA therapy is associated with poor skin deposition and weak skin permeability of psoralens, thus requiring frequent drug administration. The aim of the present work was to formulate solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) able to increase the skin permeation of 8-MOP. For this purpose, the penetration enhancer Transcutol® P (TRC) was added to the SLN formulation. SLNs were characterized with respect to size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, morphology, stability, and biocompatibility. Finally, 8-MOP skin diffusion and distribution within the skin layers was investigated using Franz cells and newborn pig skin. Freshly prepared nanoparticles showed spherical shape, mean diameters ranging between 120 and 133 nm, a fairly narrow size distribution, highly negative ζ potential values, and high entrapment efficiency. Empty and loaded formulations were almost stable over 30 days. In vitro penetration and permeation studies demonstrated a greater 8-MOP accumulation in each skin layer after SLN TRC 2% and TRC 4% application than that after SLN TRC 0% application. Finally, the results of experiments on 3T3 fibroblasts showed that the incorporation of TRC into SLNs could enhance the cellular uptake of nanoparticles, but it did not increase their cytotoxicity.
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21
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Tan YP, Savchenko AI, Agnew-Francis KA, Boyle GM, Bernhardt PV, Fraser JA, Williams CM. Kalparinol, a Salvialane (Isodaucane) Sesquiterpenoid Derived from Native Australian Dysphania Species That Suggests a Putative Biogenetic Link to Zerumbone. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:1473-1479. [PMID: 32302147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b01039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dysphania is a genus of plants endemic to the Australian continent, occurring primarily in arid and temperate zones. Despite their prevalence, very little in the way of phytochemical and/or bioactivity investigation of native Dysphania has been performed. Herein reported is the isolation and elucidation of (6E,9E)-zerumbone epoxide and a hitherto unreported isomer, (6Z,9E)-zerumbone epoxide, from D. kalpari. In addition, a novel isodaucane sesquiterepene, kalparinol, was isolated from both D. kalpari and D. rhadinostachya. The coisolation of the humulene and isodaucane skeletons, combined with the lack of any cadalane systems, could suggest an alternate novel biogenetic pathway originating from zerumbone, which is unlike any other proposals for the isodaucene system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Ping Tan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrei I Savchenko
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 Queensland, Australia
| | - Kylie A Agnew-Francis
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 Queensland, Australia
| | - Glen M Boyle
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, PO Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, 4029 Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul V Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 Queensland, Australia
| | - James A Fraser
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 Queensland, Australia
| | - Craig M Williams
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 Queensland, Australia
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Floris S, Fais A, Rosa A, Piras A, Marzouki H, Medda R, González-Paramás AM, Kumar A, Santos-Buelga C, Era B. Phytochemical composition and the cholinesterase and xanthine oxidase inhibitory properties of seed extracts from the Washingtonia filifera palm fruit. RSC Adv 2019; 9:21278-21287. [PMID: 35521327 PMCID: PMC9066185 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02928a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical composition and biological properties of palm Washingtonia filifera (Lindl.) H. Wendl. seeds are seldom studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Floris
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences
- University of Cagliari
- Monserrato
- Italy
| | - Antonella Fais
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences
- University of Cagliari
- Monserrato
- Italy
| | - Antonella Rosa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Cagliari
- Monserrato
- Italy
| | - Alessandra Piras
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences
- University of Cagliari
- Monserrato
- Italy
| | - Hanen Marzouki
- Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Monastir
- Tunisia
| | - Rosaria Medda
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences
- University of Cagliari
- Monserrato
- Italy
| | | | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- University of Cagliari
- Cagliari
- Italy
| | | | - Benedetta Era
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences
- University of Cagliari
- Monserrato
- Italy
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